Signs of winter in wildlife: the main and most important. Natural phenomena Natural phenomena at the end of winter
Winter - amazing time of the year. This season brings people a lot of surprises - unusual weather phenomena... Some of them are troublesome, others are surprising. We will tell you what freezing rain and is there a thunderstorm and a rainbow in winter ...
Freezing rain
Freezing Rain - Unusual precipitation falling out at negative temperature air from 0 to -15 ° C in the form of solid transparent ice balls with a diameter of 1-3 mm. There is unfrozen water inside the balls. Freezing rain forms when a layer of warm air in the atmosphere is trapped between two layers of cold air. Moisture frozen in the upper cold layer melts, getting into the warm layer. Continuing to fall, raindrops close to the ground end up in a layer with temperatures below zero, but do not turn into snow or ice, but into a special state of water. Falling from a height, the balls break, water flows out and forms an ice crust. For Russia, freezing rain is an infrequent phenomenon. The heaviest freezing rains hit North America every year.
The layer of ice that covers everything after freezing rain can cause serious damage to nature and humans. Covering itself with a crust, each branch of the tree is "sealed" and becomes very fragile, like a crystal. Large branches often break under the weight of the ice, creating problems for cars and pedestrians in the city. This phenomenon is also dangerous for power lines, as it leads to their breakage. And ice on city streets causes injuries, car accidents and road crashes.
BY THE WAY
On December 25, 2010, an icy rain passed over middle stripe Russia. There were numerous power line breaks in Moscow and the Moscow region. More than 400 thousand people were left without electricity, the Domodedovo airport was completely de-energized. Due to the fall of branches and whole trees, 27 people were injured, one was killed. As a result of ice, 1,350 people were injured in two days. Cases of freezing rain and ice were also observed in other regions of Russia. In the Ural city of Troitsk, schools were closed for two days due to icy conditions. On the M5 highway in the Zlatoust region, a huge traffic jam was formed due to the fact that heavy trucks could not climb the slope.
On December 26, 2010, freezing rain covered and Western Europe... In Poland, because of the icy wires, thousands of people were left without electricity. Electric transport stopped working in some directions. In Germany, road patrols have documented hundreds of accidents and serious traffic jams on motorways.
Snow flurry
A snow flurry or storm is a winter hurricane, during which the wind speed reaches 56 kilometers per hour. The area of distribution of a blizzard can be as vast as you like. If the wind speed in a squall exceeds 60 kilometers per hour, it is assigned its own name.
BY THE WAY
More recently, on December 22, 2013, a snowstorm swept over the United States. According to news agencies, at least 600 people were killed and five more were seriously injured as a result of the effects of the snow storm. Nearly 300,000 homes were left without electricity in Michigan. 100 thousand buildings - in the states of New York and Maine. More than 500 flights have been canceled at US airports. The next day, a blizzard, accompanied by freezing rain and wind, reached Canada. Here, 400 thousand people were left without electricity, hundreds of flights at the airports of Ottawa, Toronto, Montreal and other cities were canceled. This snow storm was the worst in Canada in the last 15 years of observation.
If for northern latitudes snowstorms are a familiar phenomenon, although they cause a lot of trouble, then for the southern regions of our planet it is a real cataclysm. On December 11 and 12, 2013, snowfall continued in Israel, which paralyzed traffic. Snow fell in Jerusalem, the Golan Heights, the Upper Galilee and Mitspe Ramon. Due to abnormal weather conditions were closed educational establishments... According to meteorologists, 72 mm of precipitation fell on Jerusalem in a few hours.
Very coldy
Abnormally severe frosts were observed in Russia in December 2012. According to the observations of meteorologists, there has not been such cold weather in our country for 74 years. They held out for two weeks - in the Central region of Russia in 2012, a record was recorded for the duration of abnormal cold weather. But the hardest hit was for the inhabitants of Siberia, where the thermometers showed up to minus 50. Because of the frost in several regions, classes in schools were canceled for a week.
In 2012, in Moscow alone, there were dozens of victims of the abnormal cold: 21 people died, 271 people suffered from hypothermia and frostbite.
BY THE WAY
In the last century, the most low temperature air on Earth was recorded in Antarctica, at the Soviet station "Vostok" on July 21, 1983, when a platinum thermometer showed -89.2 degrees Celsius. But more recently, scientists from the American National Center information on ice and snow announced a new temperature record on our planet - minus 91.2 degrees! New record- also comes from southern continent, only now the mountain near the Japanese Antarctic village "Dome of Fuji" has become a pole of cold. True, the Japanese measured the temperature from the satellite.
The lowest temperature recorded in Russia is minus 78 degrees Celsius. This abnormally low temperature was observed in the upper reaches of the Indigirka River, which is considered to be the cold pole of the Northern Hemisphere.
Winter thunderstorm
It is generally accepted that thunderstorms are exclusively summer phenomenon nature. But sometimes they happen in winter, when daytime temperatures rise only a few degrees above zero. Such thunderstorms are called snow storms. This phenomenon is quite rare. The average frequency of such thunderstorms is once every 5-10 years. Only in very deep and rapidly moving cyclones, humid air from sea latitudes, entering the continent in large masses and at high speed, causes strong electrification of the air, which generates thunderstorms.
BY THE WAY
On December 24, 2013, a winter thunderstorm with snowfall was observed by residents of St. Petersburg. Meteorologists associate the anomaly with warm weather, which stands in the Northern capital this December - plus five degrees Celsius. Another surprise of nature - after a thunderstorm, a winter rainbow hung over the city.
Winter rainbow
In addition to frosts, snowstorms and ice, winter also has pleasant natural phenomena. For example, a winter rainbow. This is the refraction of light rays on the smallest ice crystals hanging in the air. A winter rainbow is akin to something so rare atmospheric phenomenon like a halo. The difference is that a halo occurs when ice crystals, receiving an electrical charge, line up in a specific order. And for a winter rainbow, it is necessary that the crystals, on the contrary, do not have any charge and be oriented chaotically. The three components of the rainbow in winter - bright sun, strong frost and high humidity - coincide most often when the weather changes, for example, with the approach of a snowstorm or frost. And yet - if in the summer we observe a rainbow-arc, then in winter there is a chance to see a rainbow, which is a closed ring.
BY THE WAY
A winter rainbow was observed this December by Petersburgers after a winter thunderstorm. And on December 6, 2012, residents of Novokuznetsk were lucky to admire this rare phenomenon in winter. In the city of Koltsovo Sverdlovsk region On December 10, 2012, a round rainbow was seen around the sun.
Giant snowflakes
An ordinary snowflake rarely exceeds 5 mm and weighs 4 mg. But there are exceptions. So in Siberia, people had to observe snow flakes 30 cm in diameter. The growth of snowflakes directly depends on the temperature and humidity of the air. To make the snowflakes neat and correct shape, the required air temperature is from -5 to -20 degrees Celsius. At temperatures below 30 degrees, snowflakes fall out in the form of "diamond dust". Large snowflakes form at high air humidity, they can often be seen near water bodies, since the evaporation of water creates the most favorable conditions for their formation.
BY THE WAY
The largest snowflakes in our country were observed by residents of Moscow in 1944. They were palm-sized and resembled ostrich feathers. Scientists explained this phenomenon as follows: a wave of cold air descended from areas close to the North Pole, and snowflakes began to form in the clouds. But they could not immediately fall to the ground: they were supported by ascending warm air currents from the heated ground. The snowflakes floated high and stuck together to form flakes. By evening, the air near the ground cooled down, the ascending streams weakened, and an amazing snowfall began.
And the largest snowflake in the world was recorded in America, it was 38 cm in diameter and 20 cm thick.Such gigantic snowflakes fell in the city of Fort Keough, Montana, in 1887.
Larisa Smolenskaya
Lesson in preparatory group « Winter phenomena nature "
Winter phenomena of nature.
Target: expanding children's knowledge about winter phenomena in nature
Guys, today at occupations we will get to know you winter natural phenomena... It's winter now.
…. Here is the north of the clouds catching up. (reading)... And we are glad
Mother's mischief - winters ...
phenomena in nature
(snow)
There are many, many beautiful snowflakes. They fall, fall from a height on the ground, on the roofs of houses, on trees - clean, fragile, sparkling.
It used to be thought that snow is frozen water droplets. But this is not the case. Scientists have solved the mystery of the birth of snowflakes.
We learned that snow will never be born from water droplets. Water droplets can become hailstones, thorns of opaque ice that comes with rain in summer during a thunderstorm.
When snowmobiling, snowflakes fall quietly and beautifully on the ground. Planning how little parachutes whirl in a mesmerizing dance.
You can substitute a woolen mitten and catch a snowflake. You just need to cover your nose and mouth with your hand so that the snowflake does not melt. Now take a close look at these ice crystals. What a variety of shapes. There are 9 main forms of snow crystals. They were given interesting titles
thickness
It happens that a strong wind picks up heaps of snowflakes from the ground, like a broom. Snow with the wind is called SWEEPER. Sometimes people call it a blizzard.
(blizzard).
Scary in this weather!
Pushkin's poem accurately and beautifully describes blizzard:
The storm covers the sky with darkness,
Whirling snow whirlwinds,
How the beast she will howl
It will cry like a child ...
Snow is not the only thing that brings trouble. The benefits are also great. As an important filter, snow passes through the air of cities, clearing it of soot and various harmful impurities. After a snowfall, the air is clean and easy to breathe.
During thaws, the snow from above begins to melt, becomes sticky and wet. You can make of it various shapes... But, if frost hits at night, ice will begin. At this point, take care of your arms and legs so as not to fall.
In winter, in frosty weather, we often see interesting colorful phenomena - frost.
And needle ice crystals settle on objects. Hoarfrost covers objects with a thin, uneven layer, and frost with a thick layer.
Scientists have calculated that more than a hundred kilograms of frost falls from one pine tree in just one winter. And how much of it is on the wires? Many. If the cooled wires were stretched from the frost, they would surely have burst. The frost in the sun is like a silvery - sparkling blanket (sparkles and shimmers).
- Hear the riddle:
Has turned white for the night everywhere
And we have such a miracle!
Outside the window, the courtyard has disappeared
There a magical forest grew (Frost patterns).
What it is?
How are they formed?
Frosty patterns are painted by Frost Ivanovich. He paints them with water vapor, which is everywhere. Warm water vapor settles on the cold glass of the windows and turns into ice crystals, just like snowflakes in the heavenly height. Ice crystals are connected to each other. Pieces of ice clustered on irregularities winter sun.
in groups
Summarizing.
phenomena
Now let's solve the crossword puzzle.
1. White as chalk
Came from the sky
The winter lay
Fled to the ground (snow)
2. The village in white velvet -
And fences and trees.
And how the wind attacks
This velvet falls off (rime)
3. I walk in the field, fly free
I twist, grumble, I don't want to know anyone
I run along the village
I sketch snowdrifts (blizzard)
4. The star spun
A little bit in the air
Sat down and melted
On my palm (Snowflake)
5. The tablecloth is white
The whole world is dressed (winter)
6. When all the flowers have withered,
We came from a height.
We are like silver bees
We sat down on a thorny tree.
We flew to the fields
And the whole earth became white (Snowflake)
7. Neither snow nor ice,
And he removes trees with silver (frost).
Winter phenomena of nature.
Target: 1. expanding children's knowledge about winter phenomena in nature.
2. To cultivate love for nature
Guys today class hour on the topic winter natural phenomena... It's winter now.
…. Here is the north of the clouds catching up .... (reading a poem)
These are the wonders of the winter sorceress.
A lot is connected with winter phenomena in nature... We will talk about them today.
Speaking of winter, what do we immediately imagine? (snow)
Guys, do you know what snow is? And where is he born?
Snow is a lot of beautiful snowflakes. They fall from a height to the ground, on the roofs of houses, on trees.
They also fall from the clouds, like rain, but they are not formed exactly like rain.
It was once believed that snow is frozen water droplets. But this is not the case. Scientists have solved the mystery the appearance of snowflakes.
It became known that snow will never be born from water droplets. Water droplets can become hailstones, thorns of opaque ice that comes with rain in summer during a thunderstorm.
Snowflakes are formed from water vapor that rises very high above the ground, where eternal cold reigns. From the water vapor, tiny ice floes - crystals are first formed. These are not yet snowflakes that are falling to the ground, they are still very small. This crystal grows all the time and turns into a snowflake.
When snowmobiling, snowflakes fall quietly and beautifully on the ground. You can substitute a woolen mitten and catch a snowflake. You just need to cover your nose and mouth with your hand so that the snowflake does not melt. Consider these ice crystals. What a variety of shapes. There are 9 main forms of snow crystals. They were given interesting titles: plate, star, column, needle, fluff, hedgehog, cufflink, icy snowflake and croup-shaped snowflake.
A star can have 3 to 12 rays. Sometimes the snowflakes fall one by one, and sometimes they stick together and form flakes. Large, wool-like pieces fall on the ground.
Layers of snow cover the ground like a fur coat. Snow does not allow heat to pass from the ground. Plants do not freeze under the snow, small animals keep warm in their burrows. It is bad for them when the snow cover does not fall for a long time. The layer of snow is different thickness: from barely covering the ground to the height of human growth and more. Dry fluffy snow easily carried by the wind.
Sometimes a strong wind picks up heaps of snowflakes from the ground like a broom. Snow with the wind is called SWEEPER. Sometimes people call it a blizzard.
If a strong blizzard broke out, but it snowed and the wind is such that you can't go outside, then this is already a real snow storm (blizzard).
Pushkin's poem describes blizzard:
The storm covers the sky with darkness ...
But then the blizzard subsided and left traced heaps of snow on the street - snowdrifts
If there were snowfalls and blizzards long time then drifts can form snow drifts
It is even worse if the snow is wet. It sticks to the wires, the pillars are a dense mass - sticky. Branches of trees break under its weight, wires are torn.
Snow is of great benefit. As a filter, snow passes through the air of cities, clearing it of soot and various harmful impurities. After a snowfall, the air is clean and easy to breathe.
It is especially clear how much mud the snow has collected at the end of winter.
During thaws, the snow from above begins to melt, becomes sticky and wet. You can make various shapes from it. But, if frost hits at night, ice will begin. - In winter, in frosty weather, we often see interesting colorful phenomena - frost.
Rime is often confused with frost. Frost also happens in winter, but more often in autumn and spring, when the air temperature drops below the freezing point of water.
And needle ice crystals settle on objects. Frost covers everything with a thin, uneven layer, and frost with a thick layer.
The frost is not as fluffy as the frost. Rime appears as a thick fluffy bloom on tree branches, etc. It seems as light as down. But is the frost easy?
Scientists have calculated that more than a hundred kilograms of frost falls from one pine tree in just one winter. And how much of it is on the wires? Many. The frost in the sun is like a silvery - sparkling blanket (sparkles and shimmers).
Children guess the riddle about frosty patterns.
What it is?
How are they formed?
Frosty patterns are painted by Frost Ivanovich. He paints them with water vapor, which is everywhere. Warm water vapor settles on the cold glass of the windows and turns into ice crystals, like snowflakes in the heavenly height. Ice crystals are connected to each other. Pieces of ice clustered on irregularities, on the glass and gradually grows an ice garden on the window with extraordinary flowers sparkling in the rays winter sun.
Not only glass is painted with lace painting by frost. He paints ice flowers on the ground.
Ice patterns on the ground are formed in places where warm air exits, where heating mains are located under the ground, at ventilation hatches. Damp warm air quickly cools and freezes. In this case, ice crystals are located in groups, forming patterns like palm trees, flowers.
Summarizing.
Here we talked about various interesting phenomena and they are all related to water. Water vapor freezes into crystal ice and forms snowflakes, frosty patterns, frost.
On a visit to winter. Inanimate nature in winter.
Give an understanding of winter natural phenomena, based on the direct life experience students: snow cover on the ground, ice on water bodies, snowfall, blizzard, frost, thaw, ice; teach to see the beauty of winter nature.
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Topic: On a visit to winter. Inanimate nature in winter.
Lesson Objectives:
To give an idea of winter natural phenomena, based on the direct life experience of students: snow cover on the ground, ice on water bodies, snowfall, blizzard, frost, thaw, ice; teach to see the beauty of winter nature.
Predicted results:
Educational materials:illustrations with views of winter nature; posters "Winter"; electronic carrier to the educational and methodological set " The world»A.A. Pleshakov for grade 2, slides for demonstration using PowerPoint.
During the classes:
I. motivation for learning activities
Guys, today we will go on a visit to one of the seasons of the year.
Listen to an excerpt from a poem by Samuel Marshak and tell me what time of year it says.
Snow on the roof, on the porch.
The sun is in the blue sky.
Stoves are being heated in our house.
Smoke goes into the sky in a column.
The poem talks about winter.
Today we will go on a visit to winter and find out what changes are taking place in inanimate nature in winter.
II. Knowledge update
Repetition of the covered material
Let's first repeat what we call wildlife, and what is inanimate nature.
electronic carrier
The game "Establish the correspondence" (on the electronic carrier to the educational-methodical set "The World Around" A.A. Pleshakov for grade 2)
III. Work on the topic of the lesson
Slide 1 "Winter"
Consider the picture. What time of year is shown in the picture?
Autumn.
In the second picture?
Winter.
How has nature changed with the onset of winter?
Everything around became white, rivers and lakes are covered with ice, the soil is frozen.
The days are shorter and the nights are longer.
What made everything in nature white?
Snow.
What snow?
The snow is white, fluffy.
Guys, snow is a winter phenomenon of nature.
(a snow sign is hung on the board)
Let's listen to I. Surikov's poem "Winter"
Choigan:
White snow, fluffy, spinning in the air
And falls quietly to the ground.
And in the morning with snow the field turned white,
Like a shroud, everything clothed him.
How does it snow? What is he doing in the air?
Snow swirls, falls from the sky to the ground.
This natural phenomenon is called snowfall.(A Snowfall sign is attached to the board)
Let's see amazing phenomenon nature - snowfall.
electronic carrier
Children watch the snowfall on an electronic carrier to the educational and methodological kit "The World Around" A.A. Pleshakov for grade 2)
In strong winds, the snow swirls, rushes through the air and along the ground. Drifts appear near houses, fences, trees.
Slide 2 "Snowstorm"
This natural phenomenon is called a blizzard.
(a sign with the word blizzard is hung on the board)
Now, guess the riddle and find out what the snow is made of.
What are the stars through
On a coat and on a scarf,
All through - cut,
And take it - water in your hand.(Snowflake.)
That's right, these are snowflakes. Snow is made of small snowflakes.
Snowflakes are frozen water vapor that forms in the air and falls to the ground.
(a sentence is posted on the board: "Snowflakes are frozen water vapor that forms in the air and falls to the ground."
Slide 3 "water crystallization"
Consider various images of snowflakes.
Slides 4,5,6,7 "Snowflakes"
(The teacher shows slides and pictures of snowflakes and posts them on the board.)
Snowflakes are different and very beautiful. Some even have their own names.
They may have the following names:
Star
Stud
Hedgehog
Plate
Needle
Column
Guess the names of the snowflakes. (Annex 1)
(Children associate cards with names of snowflakes with images of snowflakes)
Work in a notebook. P. 51.
Guys. Open the notebooks on page 51., Indicate with arrows what the snowflakes are called.
Fizminutka
To the music of Tchaikovsky "Waltz of the Snowflakes"
- Use action to represent my text.
You are snowflakes. The wind whirls you, it throws you up, then again lowers you to the ground. During the day, you shine from the sun, and at night, when a blizzard is spinning, you want to dance a snow waltz.
- Thank you, have a seat.
Continuation of work on the topic of the lesson
And what is the weather like in winter?
Frosty.
In frosty weather, the snow is loose, dry. But sometimes it gets warm, the snow melts. Puddles appear. And this natural phenomenon is called thaw.
(a card with the word thaw is hung on the board)
Slide 8 "thaw"
- Look at the screen. In winter, when the thaw, the snow melts, icicles appear.
Now listen to the poem and you will find out what happens to melted water during a thaw. (a student reads a poem by N. Nekrasov)
Snow flutters, whirls,
It's white on the street.
And puddles turned
Into cold glass.
What have the puddles turned into? (Into glass, i.e. into ice)
Guys look at the screen. The water that appeared during the thaw and the melted snow then freeze and become like glass. This is how icy conditions appear on the streets.
(The teacher hangs a card with the word ice on the board)
Slide 9 "ice"
During this time, pedestrians and car drivers need to be especially careful.
In winter, what appears on the windows, what do you notice?
Various patterns appear.
Look at the screen. These are the beautiful patterns that appear on the windows.
Slides 10,11,12,13 "Rime, rime"
This natural phenomenon is called rime. Patterns appear from frost (hiraa) not only on windows, but also on trees.
(The teacher hangs a card with the word frost, frost on the board)
There is always transparent water vapor in the air. Warm air vapor settles on cold glass and turns into ice crystals, just like snowflakes in the sky. This is how ice patterns appear on the windows.
When there is frost, everything around becomes surprisingly beautiful.
It becomes especially beautiful in the park, in the forest.
Listen to the poem by M. Lesna-Raunio II about this natural phenomenon.
Who draws so skillfully
What a miracle dreamers
ice pattern sad:
Rivers, groves and lakes?
Who applied the complex ornament
At the window of any apartment?
It's all one artist.
These are all his paintings.
What is the artist's name?
Freezing.
Creative work
Imagine that you are frost. There are sheets on the desks, take a blue pencil and draw your patterns on the glass.
An exhibition of works is being arranged.
Working with the tutorial... Pp. 130-131 (children read the text)
I V. Reflection of educational activity.
(Based on what they worked on in the lesson and the text of the textbook, children answer questions, guess riddles, solve a crossword puzzle)
1.Questions
What changes in inanimate nature occur with the arrival of winter.? What precipitation does it get in winter? What's going on with the earth?
What happens to reservoirs.
What natural phenomena occur in inanimate nature in winter?
2. Riddles
Remembering what we talked about in the lesson, you can guess riddles:
The tablecloth is white all over the world.
(Snow.)
What kind of stars are through on the coat and on the scarf,
All through, cut-out, but you take - water in your hand?
(Snowflakes.)
It neither burns in fire nor drowns in water.
(Ice.)"
- Crossword
- What is snow made of? (Snowflakes)
- What draws ice patterns on the river? (Frost)
- What are the warm days in winter called? (Thaw)
- The first month of winter. (January)
Homework
Observe changes in inanimate nature
MBOU " Average comprehensive school No. 2 Kyzyl»
Development of a lesson on the outside world for grade 2
according to A.A. Pleshakov's program "The World Around"
Lesson topic: “On a visit to winter. Winter phenomena in inanimate nature "
Lesson compiled by teacher primary grades MBOU Secondary School No. 2 Kyzyl Mongush Sayana Alekseevna
Kyzyl 2011
Annotation of the lesson on the outside world for grade 2
Lesson Objectives:
To give an idea of winter natural phenomena, based on the direct life experience of students: snow cover on the ground, ice on water bodies, snowfall, blizzard, frost, thaw, ice; teach to see the beauty of winter nature.
Predicted results:
Children learn about winter changes in animate and inanimate nature, will learn to talk about their observations in nature native land... to generalize and systematize the observations of children over winter natural phenomena; observe the shape of the snowflakes (preparation for the assimilation of information about the crystallization of freezing water).
Educational materials:illustrations with views of winter nature; posters "Winter"; electronic carrier for the educational-methodical set "The World Around" A.A. Pleshakov for the 2nd grade, slides for demonstration using the PowerPoint program; images of snowflakes and cards with their names; each student on the table clear sheet A-4 and blue pencil.
Lesson structure:
There are four steps in the lesson:
- Motivation for learning activities
II. Knowledge update
Winter is a fierce time, especially in the north of the planet. Sometimes its appearance does not coincide with the calendar time. Signs of winter may appear earlier. Slushy weather changes to frost, water bodies freeze, and the ground is covered with a white blanket of snow. The day during this period is short and the nights are cold.
The first signs of winter. Snow
Nature calendar
Frost and snow appear in different ways. Nature has its own calendar, so the signs of winter are visible at different times of the year.
Each year, the timing of the annual seasons changes. Therefore, spring may come early or, conversely, late. This also happens in winter. Every year there can be a different amount of precipitation, there can be more clear or cloudy days, the temperature can also present its surprises.
For many people, it is important to keep an eye on fluctuations in nature. Gardeners, landowners, fishermen, hunters pay attention to them. Depends on weather conditions such industries:
- poultry farming;
- Agriculture;
- fishing;
- animal husbandry;
- sericulture;
- beekeeping.
The end of winter
Winter does not last forever; in the end, it comes to an end. The first thawed patches appear, the earth is visible. Previously, they can be seen on slopes, and then in the fields. But in the north, in the forests, snow can last for a long time.
Migratory birds begin to return home. Rooks are the first to spot. But there are also places of their residence, from which they do not fly away, since there are no harsh winters there.
The beginning of winter in wildlife
There are signs of winter in wildlife. You can observe the following changes:
- Trees, bushes shed their leaves. This is due to the fact that there is little light in winter, so they do not need this part. Only coniferous trees do not lose leaves, they fall out gradually so that new ones grow. These needles of Christmas trees and pines are covered with a coating that protects them from severe frosts.
- There is little food in the winter. For this reason, animals, such as a bear, hibernate. Those who continue to lead an active life are overgrown with a warm fur coat. Such changes will keep them from freezing. By the way, the hare turns white for the winter, and the hedgehog finds a cozy place and sleeps there, curled up in a ball, until spring.
- The number of birds decreases in winter, as migratory birds fly to regions where it is warmer. Only those who have adapted to eat remain different kinds stern. And many insects disappear in winter, so it becomes more difficult for birds to find food.
These are the signs of winter in wildlife.
What is snow made of?
Snowflakes come in various sizes, but not more than 5 mm. And openwork weaving differs from each other, surprising with its uniqueness. There are different signs of winter, but the most important is snow. The snowflakes are symmetrical, have clear geometric edges, and are connected in a hexagon. The water molecule has a hexagonal shape. Because of this, it, freezing in the clouds, transforms into small crystals. Formation occurs with the capture of neighboring molecules. Thus, a chain of frozen molecules is obtained.
The resulting shape is influenced by air temperature, humidity. Snow plays in winter important role, as it provides protection to the ground in cold weather, covering it with a snow blanket. It allows you to keep warm, plants and small animals will not die in such conditions. If there is no snow, the winter crops will not yield. Also, snow retains moisture, which is necessary in spring.
Games for kids to help you recognize the beginning of winter
Many parents want their child to be able to tell more quickly what signs of winter exist. You can teach him to play. At the same time, his mental abilities will develop and improve.
The first game is called DIY Lotto. It can be used for 3 year olds. The signs of winter for children will become clear, they will be able to tell about it. To do this, you need to make a lotto for each season. Pictures are collected showing signs of winter and other periods of the year. After that, you need to invite your child to choose from the drawings those that are associated with the winter period. The parent can take out pictures in turn, and the baby must identify the signs of the cold season. To make the child interesting, you can switch roles with him later. This will consolidate his knowledge. It is allowed to make mistakes so that the baby corrects his parent.
Similar to the previous game, you can write on cardboard boxes the words: signs for the word "winter" and other seasons. The lesson is similar to the previous one, the child must collect words related to winter.
The game "What to Wear" develops the baby's thoughts well. This will require clothing to be worn in different time of the year. The child should choose from the heap only those things that are suitable for the winter. The parent can also show one wardrobe attribute at a time, and the children draw conclusions about it. The same game can be played with shoes. If you are worried that things will get dirty, pictures can be used. They should show different clothes. For the child to develop his logical thinking, one may ask why he chose a particular thing.
You can help to recognize the signs of winter while walking. When the mother went outside with the baby, he can begin to talk about the changes that came with the advent of the winter period. A parent can help children, paying attention that the dog's coat has become thicker, and smoke is visible from the cottages, since the stove is heated there. The child will be aware that with the arrival of winter it becomes cold, so such changes are taking place.
You can also play winter words. For this, the participants alternately name the words associated with winter. For example, cold, snow, Santa Claus, Snowman and others. If someone does not know what word to name, he is out of the game. The last remaining competitor is the winner.
So, there are many changes with the coming of winter. Everyone should notice them, and children should be helped to see these signs.
Irina Vederina
Summary of a lesson on familiarization with nature "Winter phenomena in nature"
Target: creating conditions for expanding children's understanding of winter phenomena in nature. Tasks:
Educational.
To consolidate with children the signs of winter, seasonal changes v nature, Related winter period; exercise in the selection of definitions for a given word.
Activate vocabulary (blizzard, frost, snowfall, etc.).
Learn to gain knowledge about the properties of snow in the process of experimental activities.
Developing.
Develop children's ability to give detailed answers, develop children's imagination skills.
Develop cognitive activity, creation.
Upbringing:
To nurture love for nature, interest in learning nature.
Materials (edit): plates with snow, napkins.
GCD move:
1. Motivational and incentive stage.
Do you guys like to guess riddles? Listen attentively:
What is this miracle blanket?
At night everything suddenly turned white.
Not to see roads and rivers -
Furry covered them. (snow).
Dropped out of a white cloud
And she got on our hands.
This fluff of snow
Silver. (Snowflake).
The snow turned blue from the cold
There is white frost on the trees.
Even Bobby hides his nose
After all, on the street. (freezing).
Frozen by the sorcerer
Both lakes and a stream.
I breathed cold, and now -
Not water in the stream, but. (ice)
Puddles froze in the yard
All day the snow is spinning
Have become white houses.
It came to us. (winter).
That's right - it's winter. Winter is a magical, fabulous time of the year.
2. The main part. Organizational and search stage.
Reading a story from a book by N. Vinogradova "Riddle stories about nature» : « Winter brothers» .
I'll tell you about winter brothers... There are three of them. They are very similar and yet not the same.
Second, middle, winter brother starts New Year... On his command, the cold rages, the frosts crackle, the snow creaks underfoot. He paints the windows with different patterns. Passers-by are in a hurry, they are afraid of his leprosy - he can freeze his cheeks, nose, ears. When the second brother comes, the weather is clear, there is not a cloud in the sky, and thorny needles of dry snowflakes sparkle in the frosty air. Third, junior, winter brother loves blizzards, snowstorms, strong winds... Severe frosts occur only at night, and during the day the sun begins to warm up. On the sunny side, the snow melts and becomes covered with a shiny crust. The third brother also loves snow, but his snow is not the same as the second brother: fluffy snow flashes, whirls, as if dandelions are flying.
Guess which month siblings are mentioned in the story? What are they called?
Riddles about winter months:
Name, guys,
A month in this riddle.
His days are shorter than all the days,
All nights are longer than night.
To fields and meadows
Snow fell until spring.
Only our month will pass
We are celebrating the New Year.
(December)
It pinches the ears, pinches the nose
Climbs into boots frost.
Splash water, it will fall
Not water already, but ice.
Not even a bird flies:
The bird freezes from the frost.
The sun turned to summer
What, tell me, is this in a month?
(January)
Snow falls in bags from the sky,
There are snow drifts around the house.
That snowstorms and blizzards
They ran into the village.
The frost is strong at night
In the afternoon, a ringing is heard.
The day has increased noticeably
Well, so what month is this?
(February)
Well done, you guessed right!
Story about winter months: December, January and February.
In the old days, the month of December was called "jelly"... December paving, December nails, December nails. Trees and shrubs stand without leaves, snow lies on bare branches, and pine and spruce remain green as before. In December, the days are short, the nights are long, it gets dark early, and sometimes there is a severe frost. At the very end of December, children and adults are preparing for the New Year.
January. The month of January was called "Lute". "The month of January is the sovereign of winter"- so the people called him. In January, the snowdrifts are high, the frost paints amazing patterns on the glass. The feast of the Nativity of Christ is celebrated in January. Children have a lot of fun this month.
February is the last winter month... Strong winds blow this month, blizzards and blizzards sweep high snowdrifts. In the old days, February was called "Snowball"... In February, the days get longer, and the sun begins to warm up. There are thaws this month, the snow melts and becomes sticky. You can make snow figures from such sticky snow, play snowballs. At the end of February, people say goodbye to winter and celebrate Maslenitsa. This is a celebration of meeting the sun. On this day, everyone bakes pancakes, because they look like suns, the same round and ruddy.
Physical education.
It's frosty outside (Children clap their hands on the shoulders and
So that the nose does not freeze, they stamp their feet)
I need to stomp my feet
And clap your palms.
Snowflakes are falling from the sky (Children raise their hands above their heads and do
As in a fabulous picture. grasping movements, as if catching) snowflakes.
We will catch them with our hands
And we'll show mom at home.
And around there are snowdrifts (Stretching - arms to the sides).
The roads were covered with snow.
Do not get bogged down in the field so that (Walking in place with high knees).
Raise your legs higher.
We go, we go, we go (Walking in place).
And we come to our house. (Children sit in their seats).
Didactic game "Pick a sign word"
Guys, winter months offer you interesting game... You need to name it as you can more words that answer questions: Which? Which?
Winter (Which)
Children: snowy, frosty, cold
Snowflake (Which)
Children: beautiful, light, fluffy
Christmas tree (Which)
Children: beautiful, smart, green, fragrant, New Year's, real, forest
Wind (Which)
Children: strong, scary, cold
Snowfall (Which)
Children: strong, beautiful, light
Blizzard (Which)
Children: snowy, strong, scary, ferocious, howling.
Frost (Which)
Children: silvery, light, delicate, white, shiny.
Well done boys! Did an excellent job!
Experimentation « Winter phenomena in nature» .
Guys, take a close look at the snow in the plates. What color is the snow? Does it smell? (Answers of children).
Observe. What's going on with him? (Melts away)... Why did the snow begin to melt? (In room kindergarten warm, the air temperature is higher than outside).
What was the water after melting snow: clean, transparent or cloudy, has particles of dust, dirt? (Water after melting snow becomes dirty, as it contains various impurities from dust and dirt).
Reading a poem by A. Brodsky "Freezing":
Carefully invisible
He comes to me
And paints like an artist
He has patterns on the window.
This is maple, and this is willow,
Here is the palm tree in front of me.
How he draws beautifully
White paint alone!
I look - do not come off
The branches of the line are gentle!
And the artist is glad to try
You don't even need brushes.
What patterns does frost paint on the window?
3. Reflexive-corrective stage.
Guess one more riddle:
Three, three arrived,
The horses in those three are white
And the queen is sitting in the sleigh,
Belokosa, white-faced.
How she waved her sleeve-
She covered everything with silver.
(Winter and Winter months) .
What we talked about occupations? (About winter, winter months) .
Name winter months .
About what winter phenomena we spoke?
Guys, what did we do on occupations? (Guessing riddles, playing games, observing the melting of snow).
Do you want to play snowballs and make a snowman? (Yes)... Then it's time for us to go for a walk!