Forms of extremism in the youth environment. National Center for Information Counteraction to Terrorism and Extremism in the Educational Environment and the Internet. social zones for youth

I. V. Kulikov

One of the features of the functioning of both the world community and the public life of modern Russia is the activity of numerous parties, organizations and movements, which often try to obtain political, financial, administrative and other dividends by infringing on the feelings and dignity of ordinary citizens.

Extremist and terrorist activities have become an integral and, unfortunately, habitual factor in these destructive processes affecting the development strategy of Russia. Therefore, extremism and its aggravation in the form of terrorism is one of the main threats to the national security of Russia and requires increased attention from society and the state, especially in the person of the security forces, called upon to combat this illegal phenomenon.

Extremism in Russia mainly manifests itself in the form of ethno-separatist conflicts, often provoked by corrupt national elites. Artificially imposed and constantly supported by them intolerance and aggression between citizens, social groups, social and political movements committed to different cultures, religions and mentalities, is manifested as a means of ensuring personal power and personal well-being of certain of their protégés.

It is rather problematic to give an objective presentation of the term “extremism” due to the diversity and complexity of the forms of its manifestation. Also, the reasons for this are the historical variability of extremism, the lack of clear lines and justified positions regarding the understanding of this phenomenon, the variety of definitions of this phenomenon from the economic, political, social side, up to the identification of the positive aspects of this activity.

At present, youth can be defined as a socio-demographic group of society, which is indisputably distinguished on the basis of a set of features of social status and possessing socio-psychological qualities that determine the level of socio-economic, moral, cultural development, and features of socialization in Russian society.

Today in Russia young people between the ages of 14 and 20 make up about a quarter of the country's population. Therefore, all trends corresponding to the youth environment are of great importance for society and the state. Over the past 20 years, Russian society and the state involved in the processes of globalization have been in a state of socio-political transformation and economic difficulties. The consequence of these phenomena was the development of radical sentiments in society, mostly among Russian youth.

According to the doctor of sociological sciences, professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences L.S. emotional assessment of events and reactions to them.

Youth extremism is one of the most critical and dangerous manifestations of extremism. Scientists studying extremism among youth have pointed out that the components of an undeveloped consciousness correspond to the extremist consciousness of a young person, which are expressed by emotionality, impulsivity, inner tension, and conflict. Young people's intolerance and ambition play an important role in the formation of extremist consciousness.

Youth extremism, in comparison with “adult”, has some distinctive features, such as:
- secondary, which means the disorder of its manifestation and, due to age, less organization;
- commitment to the most accessible and simple ways to solve any difficulties that have arisen;
- one-dimensionality - implies that a number of complex social problems that entail participation in extremist activities are viewed one-sidedly by young people, and there is also a deliberate simplification of methods to achieve their goals, due to one-sided thinking.

Young people are characterized by a personal perception of reality and the manifestation of significant cruelty in the implementation of illegal actions, therefore, young extremists are less inclined to a rational way out of the situation and compromise in any form.

Extremism among adolescents is characterized by fanaticism, unquestioning, often thoughtless, the fulfillment of all orders and instructions, the legitimacy of which is not only not questioned, but also not discussed, as well as low professionalism and lack of long experience of extremist activity. Young extremist groups form mainly around solid political associations with more senior members.

The main features of modern youth extremism are: rapidly developing organization, close interconnection of ideas and goals, cohesion of groups, the formation of ideological charters in them, a variety of methods for achieving goals, using the latest information technologies, social networks, and strengthening conspiracy measures.

The duties of local self-government bodies include only preventive measures to prevent extremist activities. After analyzing the laws in order to delineate powers between state and local authorities to combat extremist activities, we can say that there is no clear regulation and delineation for each level of government.

The problem of extremism can be defined as a problem at the federal level, since it is the federal authorities that are responsible for solving it. Despite the global nature of this phenomenon, the subjects of the federation bear no less serious responsibility, as well as the municipalities.

The state anti-extremist policy should reach maximum efficiency today. The fight against extremism, in particular among young people, should begin with a deep analysis and understanding of this phenomenon, as well as the prospects for its development, through professional expert assessment. Law development and community outreach are the main weapons against extremist activities. The enhanced exchange of information and the common interest of both state and local authorities and the public should yield high results in the fight against extremism.

Unlike a centralized management system, local self-government is the most effective solution to all these issues. Citizens see municipal structures as the most accessible and informed about everyday and crisis situations.

Youth extremism is the result of insufficient social adaptation of young people, leading to asocial behavior of young people. The factors giving rise to youth extremism include both the general socio-political and economic crisis and the criminalization of the population. If we consider this problem from the other side, then one cannot but dwell on the problem of the family and the socialization of the personality of the younger generation. The creation of favorable conditions for the socialization of the individual, for the upbringing and development of a young person is the main task of modern society. By organizing quality work in these areas, it is possible to exclude extremism at the roots of its development, without leading to the violent suppression of mass movements.

Literature

1. Vorontsov SA Anti-extremist activity of state authorities and local self-government of Russia in the institutional and legal context: author. dis ... dr. jurid. sciences. 2009.
2. Litvinov S. M. Local self-government in countering extremism among the youth // Socio-humanitarian knowledge. 2011. No. 3. P. 171-172.
3. Ruban LS Dilemma of the XXI century: tolerance and conflict. M., 2006.

FEDERAL EDUCATION AGENCY

State educational institution of higher professional education

Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod

Faculty of Social Sciences

Department of Applied Sociology

COURSE WORK

Topic: "Causes and prevention of youth extremism in Russia"

Supervisor:

Lukonina Elena Sergeevna

senior lecturer of the department

Applied Sociology FSN UNN

candidate of sociological sciences

NIZHNY NOVGOROD

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 1. DISCLOSURE OF THE CONCEPT AND CONSIDERATION OF THE CAUSES OF THE Phenomenon

1.1 The concept of "extremism"

1.2 Reasons for the emergence and spread of extremism in Russia

CHAPTER 2. PREVENTION OF EXTREMISM AMONG YOUTH

2.1 Prevention in the pedagogical process

2.2 Social portrait of extremists as a social group

2.3 Basic approaches to prevention

2.4 Research on adolescents

CONCLUSION

We live in a complex and constantly changing world in which the problem of national, ethnic, social and political extremism is especially acute. Every day we hear about more and more cases of xenophobia and nationalism, the main participant of which is the youth, as the stratum most acutely and sensitively reacting to all changes in society.

The modern Russian Federation comprises more than a hundred ethnic groups, including about thirty nations. The relationship between different nations, ethnic and religious groups has always been distinguished by its contradictory nature - a desire for cooperation and periodic explosions of conflict. Currently, one of the pressing problems in Russia is extremism among adolescents and young people. More and more youth rallies are taking place, for example, at Manezhnaya Square on December 11, 2010. Nowadays, people live in fear of expecting terrorist attacks, especially after the terrible tests of September 1, 2004 in Beslan, the terrorist attacks in the subway, on Dubrovka and many others around the world. Carrying out terrorist activities is only one form of extremism. Hatred and enmity towards representatives of another nationality, race, religion is not only a psychological problem of a certain, and very wide, stratum of people. It is also a motive for committing crimes, both violent and non-violent.

Purpose: to identify the main causes of extremism and study the main ways of its prevention.

Research object: youth extremism as a social phenomenon.

Subject: prevention of youth extremism.

Objectives: To identify the main issues of extremism. Examine preventive activities against extremism. Consider the main directions of preventive activities to prevent extremist sentiments among adolescents and young people.

The bulk of the population of Russia is young people, and it is for them that the future of our great country. The connection between extremism and youth movements is accurately reflected in the age structure of extremist groups, where youth absolutely predominates. The bulk of terrorists and extremists are people from 20 to 30 years old

Currently, there is enough scientific literature on this topic, however, not many authors have dealt with the consideration of extremism among young people, mainly such authors as Antonyan Yu.M., Pavlinov A.V., Abdullin R., but more and more articles appear in various legal and sociological journals such as Social and Humanitarian Knowledge, World and Politics, Otechestvennyi zhurnal sotsial'noi raboty.

The main programs for the prevention of the phenomenon under consideration may appear during social work with such a risk group as extremists. Social work is the system of knowledge that, being multidisciplinary, is capable of developing programs for the prevention, correction, and rehabilitation of all groups of society, in particular, young people, adequate to the current situation. For social work, it is important to develop youth programs, improve the forms of work with the younger generation, which will form the future of our country.

In different countries and at different times, many different legal and scientific definitions of the concept of "extremism" have been given. Today there is no single definition. The Big Explanatory Dictionary gives the following definition of extremism: extremism is adherence to extreme views and measures. However, it does not reflect the essence of this phenomenon. Scientists insist that when defining extremism, the emphasis should be on actions, and not on people, because the naming of people and groups as extremists is rather ambiguous, since it depends on the position and group affiliation of the person using this term: the same group is the same may be called extremists and others as freedom fighters.

Dr. Peter T. Coleman and Dr. Andrea Bartoli, in their Addressing Extremism, provided an overview of the proposed definitions of this concept:

Extremism is indeed a complex phenomenon, although its complexity is often difficult to see and understand. It is easiest to define it as an activity (as well as beliefs, attitude towards something or someone, feelings, actions, strategies) of a person, far from the usual generally accepted ones. In a conflict situation - demonstration of a tough form of conflict resolution. However, labeling activities, people and groups as "extremist", as well as defining what should be considered "common" or "generally accepted", is always a subjective and political issue. Thus, we assume that any discussion of extremism touches on the following:

· Usually, some extremist actions are considered by some people to be just and virtuous (for example, pro-social "struggle for freedom"), while other extremist actions are viewed as unjust and immoral (anti-social "terrorism"). It depends on the values, political convictions, moral limitations of the evaluator, as well as on his relationship with the figure.

· Differences in power are also important in defining extremism. In times of conflict, the actions of members of a weaker group often appear more extreme than those of members of a stronger group defending their status quo. In addition, marginalized people and groups who view more normative forms of conflict resolution as inaccessible to them, or who are prejudiced against them, are more likely to go to extremes. However, dominant groups also often resort to extreme actions (for example, government authorization of violent actions by paramilitaries or the attack in Waco by the FBI in the United States).

· Extremist activities are often associated with violence, although extremist groups can differ in their preference for violent or non-violent tactics, the level of violence tolerated, and the preferred targets for their violent actions (from infrastructure and military personnel to civilians and even children). Again, weaker groups are more likely to use and undertake direct and episodic forms of violence (such as bombing suicide bombers), while dominant groups tend to engage in more structured or institutionalized forms of violence (such as covert torture or informal resolution of police brutality).

Finally, the main problem is that the extremism present in situations of protracted conflict is not the most violent, but the most visible of the actions of the parties. The harsh and intolerant position of extremists is extremely difficult to change.

In Russian legislation, and specifically in the Federal Law of July 25, 2002 N 114-FZ "On Countering Extremist Activity", the concept of "extremist activity (extremism)" is disclosed as:

Forcible change of the foundations of the constitutional order and violation of the integrity of the Russian Federation;

Public justification of terrorism and other terrorist activities;

Excitement of social, racial, national or religious hatred;

Promotion of the exclusivity, superiority or inferiority of a person on the basis of his social, racial, national, religious or linguistic affiliation or attitude to religion;

Violation of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of a person and a citizen, depending on his social, racial, national, religious or linguistic affiliation or attitude to religion;

Obstruction of the exercise by citizens of their electoral rights and the right to participate in a referendum or violation of the secrecy of voting, combined with violence or the threat of its use;

Obstruction of the lawful activities of state bodies, local self-government bodies, election commissions, public and religious associations or other organizations, combined with violence or the threat of its use;

Propaganda and public display of Nazi paraphernalia or symbols or paraphernalia or symbols similar to Nazi paraphernalia or symbols to the point of confusion;

Public calls for the implementation of these acts or the mass distribution of knowingly extremist materials, as well as their production or storage for the purpose of mass distribution;

Public deliberately false accusation of a person holding a public office of the Russian Federation or a public office of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation of committing, during the performance of his official duties, the acts specified in this article and constituting a crime;

In modern Russia, there has been a lot of talk lately about extremism as a destructive phenomenon for society and the individual. However, there is no generally accepted understanding of extremism, its various forms of manifestation, not only in the mass consciousness, but also among specialists. To develop an effective policy for the prevention of extremism, a theoretical understanding of its essence is necessary, in particular, the identification and study of the reasons that contribute to the reproduction of this negative phenomenon.

Extremism (from the French extremisme, from the Latin extremus - extreme) - in the traditional sense, it is adherence to extreme views, ideas, measures and actions (usually in politics). He is characterized by violence or the threat of violence, one-dimensionality, one-sidedness in the perception of social problems and the search for ways to solve them, fanaticism, obsession in an effort to impose their principles and views, unquestioning execution of all orders, instructions, reliance on feelings, instincts, prejudices, and not on reason , inability to tolerance, compromises or ignoring them.

Many researchers dealing with extremism issues believe that youth extremism is only a small part of adult extremism and in itself does not pose a danger as a separate phenomenon. Nevertheless, it is important to understand that the main criterion for separating youth extremism from extremism in general is the age of its participants. Very often young people who have not reached the age of majority become participants in extremist actions. Researchers on this issue distinguish different age boundaries: 15-29 years. Sometimes young people are included in the interval from 14-16 to 30-35 years old. Depending on the specific historical conditions, the age criteria for young people may fluctuate.

According to K. Mannheim, youth is a generation located in a specific historical and social space, which sets a specific program for the socialization of youth and the level of necessary requirements. The scientist noted: "... the decisive factor determining the age of puberty is the fact that during this period young people enter social life and in modern society for the first time encounters a chaos of antagonistic assessments."

One of the most difficult epistemological problems associated with youth extremism is the formation mechanisms of this negative social phenomenon. In the scientific literature devoted to the problem of youth extremism, one can see that, as such mechanisms, researchers most often single out the specifics of youth consciousness and the features of the social-group self-organization of youth.

Currently, there are many reasons for the emergence of youth extremism. Conventionally, they can be divided into several groups that relate to a specific sphere of the life of society and the individual. These are economic, political, social, family, educational, cultural and moral, etc. Each reason is independent, but only their comprehensive solution will help to eradicate extremism from the youth environment.

The economic reasons, in our opinion, include: the economic crisis, falling living standards, problems of unemployment among young people.

There is a direct link between the economic crisis, low incomes of the population and youth extremism. Many young people cannot find legal forms of income. For some part of the youth, the problem was the satisfaction of the simplest material needs of the life of a young person. At the same time, external and internal destructive forces, using the socio-political and socio-economic component, manipulate young people for their extremist purposes. The difficult socio-economic situation in the country and high unemployment leave almost no choice for young people. As I.A. Kobzar, the mass assimilation of the thought about the permissibility of disregarding moral principles for the sake of solving material problems led to the criminalization of youth consciousness.

Ensuring the implementation of the constitutional rights of citizens to a decent standard of living, work, education is a direct function of the state. It is obliged to carefully work out programs for economic development, to index pensions, benefits, scholarships, to fight inflation, etc.

It is necessary to note the political factors influencing the emergence of extremism among the youth. This is a lack of confidence in the government, and a lack of faith in their ability to exert at least some influence on the ongoing political, social, economic processes, and, as a consequence, a decrease in the political activity of young people. The implementation of other types of political behavior is practically not limited by age. The result of such actions is that young people try to oppose themselves to society as a whole, showing protest, which is an expression of their social position, denial of the existing order in society and the desire for a "new ideal order of life." The young generation today has to act according to circumstances, to adapt to the real conditions of modern life. The scale of value orientations is changing: material goods become the main goal in life. “Money doesn’t smell” - this is the main attitude of modern youth, for the sake of it you can commit a crime, betray your friends and family, “make a deal with your conscience” - it is difficult to resist when “everything in the world is bought and sold”. Young people do not always see another way of how to resist through the manifestation of aggression, cruelty and violence, including participation in illegal actions and movements, the policy pursued by the authorities, to pay attention to their needs, to express their protest. At the same time, extremist organizations are very sensitive to the mood of young people, involving them in their illegal activities, spreading among them the ideology of cruelty, violence, force, money.

The social causes of extremism in the youth environment include the deterioration of the climate in the family, conflicts with peers, and social inequality.

In addition, it should be noted that cultural and moral problems also influence manifestations of youth extremism. This is a change in the way of life, life values, the absence of positive ideals, the predominance of the leisure component over the socially useful one. Material values ​​now more than ever dominate spiritual values, as a result of which the concepts of mercy and kindness, justice, citizenship and patriotism have been completely lost among the younger generation. In the modern world, a person lives and develops, surrounded by many diverse sources of strong influence on him, both positive and negative, and first of all, this is the media. The brutality of the scenes of violence on the screen is striking both in number and in its naturalism. As a result, a person becomes less sensitive to what is happening in reality. The younger generation begins to imitate the heroic bandits. This leads individual young people to a risk group, forming a personality for which a social position has become a consequence of the active external influence of the leisure environment, the media and other similar irritants.

Problems in family and educational processes are also a significant reason for the spread of youth extremism. These include: the weakening of educational functions, both in the family and in educational institutions, the insufficient effectiveness of the educational system and the lack of effective social prevention of manifestations of extremism. The low level of wages, high employment of parents, do not allow them to fully engage in the upbringing of children. Today, it is necessary to create more favorable conditions for parents to fulfill their parenting responsibilities. In the educational process, only the combined efforts of teachers and parents can have a proper impact on the formation of proper legal awareness of the younger generation.

Thus, if we talk about the reasons contributing to the development of extremist activities in the youth environment, then they include the lack of an adequate youth policy of the state, and the weak influence of the state ideology, and the low material standard of living of the population, and the problems of employment and education, and the negative impact MASS MEDIA. Of course, this is not an exhaustive list of reasons. The problem of identifying the causes of extremism will always be among the most urgent, since extremism itself, in various forms of manifestation, is eternal. When studying the causes of extremism, it is necessary to take into account the specific environment and conditions in which it is realized, the age and psychology of people, especially the leaders of extremist groups. The effectiveness of countering extremism depends on the quality of the preventive and preventive measures being implemented. Therefore, it is necessary to eliminate or at least minimize the causes of the economic, social and other plan, contributing to the spread of extremist activities among the youth.

Bibliography

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2. Kachanov Yu.L. Active-personal and stereotypical-personal ways of the younger generation. Youth in the social sphere / Yu.L. Kachanov. - M., 1990 .-- 15-18 p.

3. Kobzar I.A. Organizational and legal foundations of combating juvenile delinquency in the transition period: author. diss. ... Dr. jurid. sciences / Kobzar Igor Aleksandrovich - Moscow, 2002 .-- 59 p.

4. Krylov A.A. The nature of extremist manifestations in Russia // International terrorism: causes, forms and problems of counteraction: Proceedings of the Int. scientific. - practical. conferences, Belgorod, 2005.

5. Manheim K. The diagnosis of our time. Series: Faces of Culture. M .: Jurist, 1994 .-- 700 p.

6. Semigin G.Yu. Political encyclopedia / G.Yu. Semigin. - M., 1999 .-- 132-134 p.

7. Olshansky D.V. Psychology of Terror / D.V. Olshansky. - Yekaterinburg: Business book, 2002 .-- 225-230 p.

8. Chuprov V.I. Youth in a risk society / V.I. Chuprov, Yu.A. Zubok, K. Williams. -M., Nauka, 2003, 231 p.

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Prevention of extremism among young people is one of the primary tasks of the educational sphere and society as a whole. This is a complex socio-psychological problem, which in modern conditions has become relevant for all states of the world.

What is extremism

Such a concept as extremism has been given many definitions (both scientific and legal). Despite the fact that this problem is on everyone's lips, a single term has not been formulated. So, for example, a large explanatory dictionary interprets extremism as a tendency to extreme measures and views. Nevertheless, scientists agree that such a definition is very vague. The emphasis should be placed precisely on the commission of illegal actions.

When asked what extremism is, Dr. Coleman and Dr. Bartoli give a slightly different answer. They believe that this is human activity, far from generally accepted norms, adherence to tough forms of conflict resolution. However, there are some snags here as well. The main difficulty lies in the definition of generally accepted norms, because for each state and society they can differ significantly.

What concerns extremist actions

Unfortunately, in international practice, there is not only a single definition of the very term "extremism". There is also no unified description of the activities that fall under this description. But in order for the prevention of extremism in the youth environment to be effective, it is worthwhile to clearly understand what they have to fight with. To determine the concept and its manifestations, it is worth referring to the regulatory documents. The Law "On" interprets this concept as follows:

• forcible change of the provisions of the Constitution, as well as an attempt to violate the integrity of the state;
• public acquittal;
• propaganda of social, racial and religious intolerance;
• dissemination of ideas of human superiority on racial, religious or any other grounds;
• violation of human rights and freedoms on racial, religious or ethnic grounds;
• obstruction of the legitimate activities of government services or religious organizations by threats or force;
• obstruction of the participation of citizens in the electoral process by threats or forceful methods;
• propaganda of Nazi ideology, as well as public demonstration of its symbols and attributes;
• mass production, storage and distribution of extremist materials; public calls for participation in extremist activities;
• public false accusation of persons holding public office;
• financing, organizing and preparing the actions mentioned above, incitement.

Factors of youth extremism

The fight against international extremism implies, first of all, work with young people as the most vulnerable category of citizens. In order for the activity to be effective, you need to understand where young people get such ideas from. So, among the factors of youth extremism, it is worth noting especially:

• the influence of parents who are distinguished by radical beliefs;
• the influence of a group of peers who are adherents of extremist views;
• the influence of authority figures in the adolescent's social circle (teachers, heads of sports or creative sections, leaders of youth organizations, etc.);
• stress that led to disintegration in society;
• own ideas and moral attitudes;
• personal psychological characteristics (aggressiveness, suggestibility);
• mental stress.

Main directions of work

At the moment, there is a growing threat of recruitment of young men and women by terrorist organizations. In this regard, the prevention of extremism among young people should be carried out in the following areas:

• close interaction of educational institutions with parents;
• advanced training of teaching staff on this issue;
• inclusion in the educational program of individual subjects or topics related to the prevention of extremism;
• introduction of educational programs related to the moral education of children and youth (prevention of offenses, violence and homelessness);
• continuous monitoring of the level of tolerance in society, especially among young people;
• analysis of the processes taking place in the youth environment, as well as their philosophical and sociocultural aspects;
• ensuring the availability of cultural benefits for young people;
• realization of the need for self-realization and self-expression;
• organization of students' leisure (volunteer projects, social programs).

Activities with different groups of young people

The prevention of extremism in the youth environment should be carried out taking into account its heterogeneity. There are two main areas of work:

• With groups that have not yet developed extremist tendencies. Such young people usually voluntarily engage in social work, as they do not have any aggressive or illegal sentiments. The task of prevention is only to consolidate tolerant worldviews.
• With groups that have already formed extremist worldviews and beliefs. In most cases, such work is carried out compulsorily, and therefore young people can be aggressively disposed. Here it is important to find an individual, non-standard approach that will help establish a relationship of trust. The result should be a persuasion of the teenager, rejection of extremist views and active involvement in public life.

Risk group

Despite the fact that prevention activities should be carried out among all young people, there are some categories that are most susceptible to such influences. Having studied the list of extremists, the following risk groups can be identified:

• children from disadvantaged families with a low level of income and social status, an insufficient degree of education, as well as a tendency to various kinds of deviations (alcoholism, violence, drug use);
• the so-called golden youth, whose representatives, due to certain conditions, feel permissiveness and impunity, and also perceive extremism as entertainment or a normal pastime;
• adolescents who are characterized by psychological problems that determine a tendency to aggression and an inadequate response to certain events;
• representatives of youth subcultures, informal groups and street companies characterized by aggressive behavior and deviant beliefs;
• members of political movements and religious associations who, under the influence of certain ideas and beliefs, may conduct activities that are dangerous to society.

Key tasks

Extremism prevention should not be chaotic or spontaneous. It is important to think carefully about each step and its details. The plan for the prevention of extremism should be aimed at solving the following significant tasks:

• application to adolescents and young people of attitudes about the need to respect and protect the rights of any citizen, as well as strict observance of legislative norms;
• the formation of adolescents' ideas about the norms of behavior adopted in civil society;
• informing parents of the importance of forming tolerant moods in the family;
• creation of self-government cells in educational institutions that will carry out educational activities;
• the formation in the minds of young people of confidence in extremist activity in any of its manifestations;
• developing skills of safe behavior and self-defense among young people in the event of a terrorist attack.

Main activities

• Establishing relationships and coordinating work with the commission on juvenile affairs. Its employees should be involved in direct work with students, as well as participation in parent-teacher meetings.
• Organization of courses for teaching staff on the prevention of extremism. For students of secondary and higher educational institutions, round tables or discussions on this topic can be held. At the same time, the participation of representatives of law enforcement agencies is mandatory.
• Conduct a class hour "Preventing Extremism and Terrorism" at school. In the course of these events, legal norms and responsibility for their violation should be considered. Attention should also be paid to fostering in students a sense of respect and tolerance for other cultures, nationalities, religions, beliefs.
• Regular parenting meetings, which will consider not only organizational issues, but also issues of educating law-abiding citizens.
• Development of a system according to which students or their parents can apply for the protection of their legal rights and interests, in the event that they are infringed upon.

Working with parents

It is no secret that basic beliefs and personal qualities are formed precisely under the influence of the family. Therefore, working to prevent extremism at school must involve close contact with parents. The following information should be communicated to them:

• the specificity of youth subcultures and informal organizations, as well as their potential danger;
• the degree of parental responsibility for children;
• forms of aggression, as well as prevention of their manifestation in adolescents;
• mechanisms for involving children in extremist activities;
• determination of the age of criminal responsibility for offenses, as well as a description of possible penalties;
• the essence of concepts such as "terrorism" and "extremism";
• the specifics of the formation of life attitudes and beliefs in adolescents;
• the need for the employment of adolescents (circles, sections and other forms) after school hours.

A responsibility

A person who has reached a certain age established by law can be involved in both administrative and criminal activities for extremism. Article 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation provides for liability for the following acts:

• humiliation of human honor and dignity;
• incitement to hatred or hostility towards individuals or groups;
• organization of communities of an extremist nature;
• organizing, coordinating and supporting the activities of such communities.

The main problem with working with children and adolescents is that many feel impunity. Nevertheless, in cases specified by law, even minors are held accountable for extremism. Article 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation implies the conviction of persons under the age of 18 for posting videos on the global network, as well as any other propaganda documentation with scenes of violence or calls for it. imply the responsibility of minors for the destruction of historical and cultural monuments, as well as desecration of burial places and bodies of the dead. The punishment can be expressed in a large financial fine, correctional labor or imprisonment.

Counteraction and self-defense

Of course, the theoretical background is important. Nevertheless, it is important to convey to young people how extremist activity manifests itself in practice in Russia. Examples of such situations, as well as actions for prevention and self-defense are given in the table:

Such practical examples or even reconstructions of situations are simply necessary. Prevention of extremism at school should be aimed not only at preventing the formation of such sentiments among young people. It is also important to convey information to young people that will help them save their lives in an emergency.

Preventive work approaches

Extremism, as a threat to national security, makes it necessary to carry out preventive work not only with the adult population, but also with children and youth. This work can be carried out in accordance with the following approaches:

• Dissemination of information about the danger of extremism and organizations that profess it. This is the most commonly used approach. It includes programs to educate young people through civic actions or the distribution of printing materials. Given that this approach is not the most effective, it can only be considered as an additional one.
• Affective learning focuses on correcting problems with the expression of feelings and emotions. This is important both in terms of shaping life experiences and in releasing negative and positive energy. Having received emotional release, the teenager becomes less aggressive, which reduces the risk of developing radical inclinations.
• The influence of social factors can not only prevent the emergence of extremist ideas in adolescents, but also contribute to this. In this regard, one of the approaches is based on conducting trainings, during which training is carried out to resist public pressure.
• Life skills formation is an approach based on behavioral modification techniques. The main adolescent problem is the desire for self-affirmation and an adult lifestyle. thus, it becomes necessary to conduct courses and trainings for young people that will allow them to form the necessary life beliefs and skills that will protect the influence of negative trends developing in society.
• Involvement of adolescents in activities that are alternative to extremist. This approach was developed by A. Kromin. He suggests organizing hikes with overcoming obstacles, directing the activity of adolescents to sports or creative activities, creating groups to defend an active civic position.

Conclusion

A program for the prevention of extremism should primarily affect children, adolescents and young people. It is this stratum of society that is most susceptible to the influence of such radical ideas, which is associated with a fragile psyche and a lack of a firm position in life. Of course, work in schools and other educational institutions is important, but do not forget about the role of the family in this process. In this regard, educators and law enforcement officials should conduct regular preventive conversations with parents.

Resume: The article examines extremism as a problem among young people
generations and ways to counter it. Attention is focused on the features and
objective and subjective factors of extremism in the youth environment.
Key words: extremism, youth extremism, ways of countering
extremism.

Love for the fatherland
Achieving a life goal
Success in work
Spiritual values
Respect for others
Honoring parents
Caring for loved ones
Material well-being
Love
Happy family life
Creation
Independence
Physical health
World peace

This article raises the problem of extremist behavior of the younger generation.
and its direct influence on the emergence of deviant behavior in society. This problem
is relevant and occupies an important position among social problems
modernity. Extremism present in the circle of youth, and its manifestations are difficult
are reflected in society.
In general terms, extremism is one of the forms of illegal acts that threaten
public safety. More specifically, the concept of extremism is defined in Article 1
Shanghai Convention on Combating Terrorism, Separatism and Extremism.
Extremist manifestations of youth are especially often associated with interethnic
relationships and conflicts. Young people are usually the most popular (up to 90%)
and an active participant in interethnic conflicts.
Extremism as a social phenomenon is open in nature, and the danger
represents not only the act of extremist activity itself, but also a noticeable, significant
the number of supporters of this ideology, especially among young people. Studying this problem
it is necessary, first of all, to analyze the factors reflecting the influence
extremism for the younger generation.
There is a classification of the causes (factors) of extremism into objective and
subjective. Objective reasons for extremism mean that extremist actions
young people are conditioned by external factors, the state of society, and subjective
the causes of extremism are associated, as a rule, with an attempt at self-assertion. In any
case, extremist consciousness and behavior of some of the youth contribute
components of undeveloped consciousness.
Among the objective factors contributing to extremism, one can single out
economic, political, social, moral - psychological and legal. In particular, young people are socially and economically vulnerable.
category (difficulty of obtaining education, youth unemployment, etc.). In socially -
political and legal aspects are affected by the lack of measures of state
youth policy and the lack of effectiveness of law enforcement agencies in
prevention of illegal actions. In the moral - psychological and others
relationships, young people find it convenient to manipulate due to lack of
social experience.
To prevent various deviations and criminal phenomena, the state and
society needs to consistently improve the social environment and take care of
normal socialization of the individual. This certainly applies to the phenomena
extremist in nature.
To prevent the subjective factors of extremism, it is also necessary more and more
pay serious attention to educating young people for citizenship and
patriotism, a sense of social responsibility for personal fate and the fate of society,
education in the spirit of continuity of all the best from previous generations.
Young people often prefer individual, sometimes immoral forms of leisure,
what affects the development of negative trends in the youth environment, isolation
youth from the state and opposing it to society. Therefore, it is important that
young people felt their need for society and the state, attention to their problems
and interests.

List of used literature
1. Shanghai Convention on the Suppression of Terrorism, Separatism and Extremism /
Concluded in Shanghai on June 15, 2001. Ratified by the Federal Law of the Russian Federation of January 10
2003 N 3 - FZ. URL: http: // docs.cntd.ru / document / 901812033.
2. Ruban L.S. The 21st Century Dilemma: Tolerance and Conflict. M .: Academia, 2006.239 p.
3. Kulikov I.V. Extremism among youth // Socio-economic phenomena and
processes. 2013. No. 7 (053). S. 175-177. URL: http: // xn - - h1ajgms.xn - - p1ai / articles /
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4. Sioridze A.T. Group youth extremism (criminological
research): author. dis. ... Cand. jurid. sciences. M., 2007.
5. Treshcheva E.E., Lebedeva L.G. Crime as deviation // News of the Institute of Systems
management of SSEU. 2016. No. 2 (14). S. 33 - 37.
6. Lebedeva L.G. Citizenship as a factor of socialization and harmonious
continuity of generations // In the collection: Russian science: current research and
development: collection of scientific articles III All-Russia. correspondence scientific. - practical. conf. : in 2 parts.
Samara State University of Economics. Samara, 2017.S. 173 - 176.
© Gretsova M.D., 2017