If you drink prenatal vitamins. What vitamins to drink during pregnancy. Vitamins for pregnant women - typical composition

Properly composed diet for the period of pregnancy is the key to the health of the expectant mother and her baby. But even the highest quality and diverse food products are not able to provide the body with all the necessary substances necessary for the successful bearing and full development of the fetus. Vitamins for pregnant women, produced in the form of pharmacological preparations, will help to cover the increased need for mineral components and organic compounds.

According to research conducted by the World Health Organization, women who are well-nourished need only folic acid and iron supplements. Pregnant women, whose diet is far from recommended by doctors, must, in addition to the above substances, also take multivitamin complexes that will make up for the deficiency of components that are indispensable for the development of the child.

In general, the appointment of certain drugs is carried out in accordance with the individual characteristics of each woman, taking into account the anamnesis, age, climatic conditions and working conditions. Be sure to prescribe multivitamins for multiple pregnancies, vegetarian women, chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and the presence of bad habits.

If a second pregnancy occurs less than two years after the previous one, it is necessary to drink vitamins.

There are also opponents of taking synthetic drugs, who consider it inappropriate to include them in the diet. In their opinion, all useful substances can be obtained from food, as it was in the days of our ancestors. However, the statement does not stand up to scrutiny, since the quality of food today leaves much to be desired. Therefore, you should not risk your own health and the condition of the baby, guided by these statements.

Vital prenatal vitamins

Currently, scientists know 13 vitamins, each of which has a certain effect on the human body. All of them are involved in the physiological and biochemical processes occurring in organs and tissues, act on metabolism and prevent various changes and disorders in cells. At the stage of pregnancy, the most important are 4 vitamins and 3 chemical elements.

1. Vitamin B9. Participates in the formation of the neural tube and the brain of the unborn baby. Folic acid contributes to the proper development of the placenta, serves as a prevention of miscarriages, missed pregnancy and fetal defects.
2. Vitamin A. Participates in the development of bone tissue, mucous membranes and retina, promotes the production of red blood cells and ensures optimal blood counts.
3. Vitamin C. Increases immunity and resistance to pathogenic bacteria, facilitates the absorption of iron.
4. Vitamin E. It plays an important role in the development of the placenta, regulates blood circulation and blood clotting, prepares the lungs of the baby, reduces the risk of anemia and the threat of self-abortion.
5. Calcium. It is part of the bone, connective tissues, dentin, contributes to the proper development of internal organs, skin, eyes.
6. Iodine. It helps the fetus to receive hormones from the mother's body, ensures the formation of a healthy brain, genital organs, heart muscle, and the musculoskeletal system.
7. Iron. It serves as an anemia prevention, participates in the delivery of oxygen to the growing fetus.

The best vitamins for pregnant women should contain at least all of the listed substances and additional components that can be prescribed by a doctor according to indications.

The norm of vitamins during gestation

The rate of consumption of certain organic and inorganic compounds differ in individuals of different categories. For women bearing a child, the following vitamin standards are established:

• B9 - 0.8-1 mg;
• B1 - 1.5-2.0 mg;
• B5 - 4-7 mg;
• A - up to 2500 IU;
• D - 400-600 IU;
• E - 10-15 IU;
• B2 - 1.5-2.0 mg;
• B6 - 2.5 mg;
• B12 - 3.0-4.0 mcg;
• B3 - 15-20 mg;
• C - 70-100 mg;
• K - 65-80 mcg;
• H - 30-100 mcg.

Of the trace elements, calcium (1000-1200 mg), phosphorus (1200 mg), magnesium (320-355 mg) and iron (30-60 mg) should be supplied to the mother's body most of all.

Vitamins by trimester

Every three months of pregnancy is a certain stage in the development of the organism of the developing fetus. As the child grows and develops in the mother's womb, the needs for certain substances coming from outside also change. Hypo-, hypervitaminosis, lack or excess of minerals can lead to serious consequences for the fetus and are fraught with a negative impact on a woman's health.

1st trimester

The first 12 weeks of gestation is the period of laying the fetal nervous system, which ensures the formation of mental functions after birth. For the favorable completion of this process, folic acid is responsible, which must be supplied in sufficient quantities.

Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) will help prevent toxicosis, convulsive symptoms and increased nervousness. He is also involved in the formation of the nervous system of the fetus, but the drug is prescribed from the eighth week of pregnancy. In order for pyridoxine to be well absorbed, it is taken along with the macronutrient magnesium.

Vitamin A is included in the diet at the end of the 1st trimester and continues to be consumed at the beginning of the second. Retinol will help maintain the correct proportions of the embryo, since at this time it begins to grow rapidly and increase in size.

2nd trimester

In this period, a woman is in dire need of calciferol - vitamin D for pregnant women ensures the active and rapid growth of the baby. The lack of this vitamin leads to the formation of intrauterine rickets - the bones do not acquire the necessary hardness, and the musculoskeletal system is formed incorrectly.

Tocopherol (vitamin E) must be included in the complex of vitamins of the second trimester. It has a beneficial effect not only on the growth and development of the child, but also ensures good uterine compliance, normal functioning of the placenta and reduces the risk of preterm birth.

Starting from the 12th week, the need for minerals increases, in particular, calcium and iron, since they are actively spent on building the skeleton and forming the baby's blood cells.

last trimester

There is no need for folic acid at this time, so it can be canceled. Until the end of pregnancy, you will have to take vitamins B6 and E, as well as iron and calcium supplements. They will support the fetus at the stage of the final formation of internal organs and will serve as a prevention of developmental delay.

Popular vitamin and mineral complexes

Women planning the birth of a baby and responsible for their own health should listen to medical recommendations regarding the use of a complex of vitamins for pregnant women.

Modern pharmacological companies offer a large selection of drugs to maintain the health of the mother and the full development of the body of the future newborn. It is difficult to say which one is better or worse - each remedy has a useful composition aimed at solving a particular problem.

Elevit

Multivitamin complex, which is available in the form of grayish-yellow tablets. The product contains 12 vitamins (A, E, D3, C, group B, PP) and 7 minerals (manganese, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, calcium, zinc, copper).

The dose of each substance is carefully selected in accordance with the needs of the mother's body and the growing fetus. Elevit is prescribed for the prevention of hypovitaminosis in women with malnutrition, as well as for individual indications. The recommended daily dose of the drug is 1 tablet.

Elevit pronatal tab. p.o. No. 100

Vitrum

The drug, developed by American pharmacists, is offered to customers in two forms: Prenatal and Forte. Both complexes are intended for pregnant women, but have a different composition and percentage of components. Vitrum Forte has a richer content of substances - this includes iodine, beta-carotene, calcium pantothenate, biotin, copper oxide, manganese, molybdenum, selenium and chromium.

Both versions are enriched with vitamins: A, E, C, B1, B2, B3, B6, B9, B12, D3, as well as macro- and microelements - iron, calcium, zinc.

Vitrum Prenatal is taken as a prophylactic during gestation, and Forte is intended to solve specific problems of the physiological state of a pregnant woman.

Vitrum prenatal tab. p.p.o. #100

Femibion

A complex that contains the optimal amount of folate (folic acid) and nutrients (minerals). An additional element of the product is the patented substance metafolin, a biologically active form of vitamin B9, which is absorbed much better than folic acid in its usual form. Therefore, the drug is intended for patients than the body is not able to fully convert and absorb B9.

In addition to the 9-component vitamin mix, Femibion ​​contains iodine, which is indispensable for the health and full functioning of the thyroid gland.

The form of the drug marked "1" is prescribed when planning conception and in the first 12 weeks of gestation, and with the marking "2" - starting from the second trimester of pregnancy.

Femibion ​​natalker i tab. p.o. No. 30

Alphabet

The full name of the remedy is “Mom's Health Alphabet”. The peculiarity of the drug is that in one blister there are tablets of three colors - pink, blue and milky. Each of them is intended for use strictly at certain hours - respectively, in the morning, afternoon and evening.

The developers of the tool claim that this approach allows a pregnant woman or a nursing mother to receive 30% more nutrients compared to other popular complexes.

Each of the tablets in the composition has a certain list of nutrients and vitamins that are best absorbed at a specific time of day.

Alphabet classic tab. #60

Pregnacare

Multivitamin for pregnant women, produced in the form of gelatin capsules of dark brown color. The composition of the drug includes a standard set of vitamins and minerals with only one difference - there is no calcium in Pregnacare, therefore, if this macronutrient is deficient, the drug will not work.

Otherwise, the complex has a beneficial effect on the body - it regulates metabolic processes, increases the defenses, immunity, vitality and physical activity of a pregnant woman, and prevents malformations of fetal development.

One capsule per day will be enough to make up for the deficiency of vital components.

Pregnacare caps. #30

materna

Materna is a prenatal vitamin, the positive effect of which is due to a carefully selected combination and concentration in combination with important nutrients.

Coated tablets contain vitamins B9, B5, B12, B2, B1, B6, C, E, D. Of the nutrients here are iron, manganese, zinc, iodine, chromium, selenium. Especially valuable is the content of calcium in the composition, the lack of which is extremely acutely felt in the last months of bearing a child.

The dose and regimen of taking the drug is developed by the attending physician in accordance with the individual needs of the pregnant woman.

Prenatal vitamins

The composition of these pills fully corresponds to the physiological needs of the female body in the process of bearing the fetus and provides it with 75% of useful substances.

Complivit Mama will be useful for nursing mothers and those who are just planning to conceive.

The components of Complivit are able to be absorbed into breast milk, which provides the baby with useful vitamins and minerals.

Complivit Mama for pregnant and lactating women tab. p / o captivity. #60

Multi-tabs Perinatal

The pharmacological agent is a source of folic acid and iodine, which contributes to the harmonious formation of the fetus and the optimization of the level of female hormones. The drug serves as a prevention of stillbirth, malformations of intrauterine development, malnutrition and vascular disorders of the embryo. The rich vitamin and mineral composition provides the mother's body with everything necessary for good health, good mood and easy pregnancy.

Tablets are taken orally without chewing once a day. It is necessary to drink the product with plenty of purified water for better absorption.

Multi-tabs perinatal tab. p / o captivity. #60

Other complexes

The list of multivitamin complexes for expectant mothers can be continued. Their composition is largely similar, but every woman gets the opportunity to choose the best drug for herself, which will not cause allergic reactions and will be feasible for the family budget.

What else do pharmacies offer:

• emfetal;
• Amway;
• Pregnavit;
• Magnelis;
• Orthomol;
• Fertilovit;
• Pregnazon.

The advantage of vitamins in tablets is the ability to accurately control and regulate the dosage of nutrients, which is difficult to do when using familiar foods.

The importance of choosing drugs with a doctor

Any multivitamin complexes are not harmless drugs that a future woman in labor can prescribe herself. Excess substances, as well as their lack, can lead to serious consequences for the fetus and mother.

For example, the abuse of tocopherol leads to a violation of the functionality of platelets, a supersaturation of calciferol causes calcification of the placenta and fetal skeleton, an overdose of ascorbic acid is fraught with kidney disease.

Therefore, doctors strongly advise not to self-prescribe drugs and strictly follow the dosage prescribed by the gynecologist. Pharmaceuticals often cause allergic reactions, so you have to review their intake and select products that will be well tolerated by the female body.

Individual characteristics, anamnesis, living conditions, blood counts - all this should be assessed by the doctor before prescribing this or that vitamin complex.

Simultaneous intake of several drugs containing a complex of vitamins and nutrients is not recommended during pregnancy.

Conclusion

Pregnancy is a wonderful and at the same time difficult period in a woman's life. Properly organized nutrition will saturate the body with the necessary substances for the successful bearing and feeding of the child.

But vitamin preparations cannot be ignored either - they will allow you to clearly control the intake of the most important components in the diet and serve as a prevention of serious pathologies of the embryo.

The body of a woman during pregnancy, working in an enhanced mode, should receive an increased complex of vitamins.

Giving the child all the most useful substances from her own body, a woman must compensate them in a timely manner. What vitamins to drink during pregnancy? Currently, there are many vitamin complexes that include everything you need for mothers and children.

During this period, it is very important to get proper nutrition, both the well-being of the pregnant woman and the successful development of the child depend on it. But even with the daily intake of such foods, a pregnant woman needs vitamin preparations. The thing is that the expectant mother should receive these substances in a double dose, since not only she, but also her child needs them.

It is necessary to take vitamins for pregnant women, which doctor will decide better. After a thorough examination of the pregnant woman, the specialist will prescribe those vitamins that are necessary from the very first weeks of pregnancy.

The preparations of the first weeks differ from the funds prescribed later, since certain changes in the development of the baby occur at different times. The formation of his nervous system requires certain substances that differ from the elements necessary for the development of bone and muscle systems without pathologies. These processes take place in different trimesters of pregnancy, so the doctor should pay attention to the need to take those drugs that are most needed in a particular period.

First trimester

During this period, the body of the future mother, trying to rebuild for the most favorable stay in the womb of the fetus, may weaken. Often in this trimester, pregnancy is difficult, the woman suffers from toxicosis, there is a threat of miscarriage, and it is at this stage that the internal organs begin to form in the child.

Therefore, vitamins during pregnancy in the early stages are prescribed to strengthen the body of a woman and save the child in the most favorable conditions.

The following vitamins are usually prescribed in the first trimester of pregnancy:

Vitamin B6

The need for this vitamin during this period is. It improves the well-being of a woman with toxicosis, in addition, relieves spasms and soothes.

To replenish this vitamin, a pregnant woman is often prescribed Magne B6. This drug contains vitamin B and magnesium, which has a positive effect on the cardiovascular system and normalizes the tone of the uterus.

Folic acid (B9)

Reception of this vitamin is necessary from the very first days of pregnancy, and even better before it. The lack of vitamin B9 in the body of a future mother is dangerous hypovitaminosis for her, and for a baby it can cause spinal defects and other malformations.

Vitamin B9 contributes to the full development of the central nervous system of the fetus.

Vitamin A

Important for the development of the child. It normalizes the process of cell division, its intake is necessary for the growth and weight gain of the baby. This vitamin is taken as directed by a doctor, in the event that they have a deficiency of this component.

Overdose leads to intoxication. It can lead to undesirable consequences in the development of the baby, heart disease.

Vitamin A is found in large quantities in the liver, vegetables and fruits, as well as in fish oil. Its absorption by the body is higher if consumed with a diet rich in fats.

In the early stages of pregnancy, a woman needs to take care of a set of foods rich in these substances.

In addition to the translated vitamins, iron preparations are prescribed at the first stage of pregnancy. It is not part of a multivitamin for pregnant women, so it is taken separately from other products.

Iron is necessary to maintain normal hemoglobin levels for both mother and child. The lack of this element threatens anemia.

Second trimester

During this period, some others are added to the vitamins taken earlier.

Vitamin D

These vitamins during pregnancy prevent the development of rickets in a child. In the second trimester, the child begins to actively increase. Growth is accompanied by the development of bones, which so need vitamin D. It is often prescribed together with calcium, since their joint absorption is much higher.

Calcium is found in large quantities in cottage cheese, kefir, cheese. Often, women during pregnancy, lacking this element, gobble up chalk with great pleasure.

Vitamin D enters the human body with sunlight. In winter, it is necessary to take preparations of this vitamin, since the activity of the sun is lower.

Vitamin E

Vitamin E for pregnant women is just as important.

For a woman in position, this vitamin is necessary starting from the second trimester of pregnancy. With the growth of the child, the woman's stomach increases, which leads to the appearance of stretch marks. Vitamin E improves skin elasticity.

In addition, it is necessary for the normal state of the placenta. A lack of vitamin E can adversely affect its functioning and cause a threat of miscarriage.

This vitamin is an excellent antioxidant, protects against infectious diseases, improves blood circulation and helps the normal movement of oxygen from mother to child.

The body of a woman is able to independently produce vitamin E, so it should be taken only with a deficiency. It is worth remembering that an overdose of this vitamin can be dangerous.

The need to take vitamin E, the dosage should be prescribed by a doctor in cases where the body is not able to produce it in sufficient quantities. The daily dose during pregnancy ranges from 200 to 400 mg.

In addition to preparations containing this vitamin, it can be obtained in large quantities if you eat seafood, cereals, nuts, sorrel and prunes.

third trimester

In addition to taking vitamins during pregnancy are vitamin K, vitamin C.

Vitamin K

The need for this vitamin is due to the final formation of the unborn baby. This component is involved in the formation of the bone system, protein synthesis.

Lack of vitamin K during pregnancy can lead to diseases of the spine.

Foods rich in this vitamin are greens, nuts, legumes, cabbage, dried fruits.

Vitamin C

The benefits of this vitamin are known, it must be received in sufficient quantities by all people, and especially during pregnancy. It is able to strengthen the body, increase its resistance to viruses, which is especially necessary for a pregnant woman.

Vitamin C can be obtained by eating citrus fruits, herbs, rose hips.

The necessary set of vitamins during pregnancy

A woman needs to take vitamins during pregnancy, as her body must receive them in a larger volume due to the growth of the fetus. With the course of pregnancy, the development of the fetus entails the depletion of the body of the expectant mother. She gives all the substances necessary for the baby, thereby experiencing a lack. Lack of vitamins leads to anemia, toxicosis, general weakness.

The best prenatal vitamins are found in food. It is important during this period to properly make a diet. Food should be varied and healthy. The regime of the day is of great importance, where great importance is attached to walks and being in the fresh air.

However, it is not always possible to get everything from food, even with a carefully balanced diet. Therefore, a woman should take a complex of vitamins during pregnancy in the form of medications.

You need to know what vitamins to drink during pregnancy, because not all drugs found in pharmacies are suitable for pregnant women.

You should beware of the inscription "is not a drug." Dietary supplements (BAA) rarely contain the required dose of vitamins. Therefore, it is better to use proven drugs.

Vitamins for pregnant women 1 trimester:

• folic acid;
• magne B6;
• vitamin A;
• iron.

Vitamins - 2nd trimester:

• calcium + vitamin D;
• vitamin E;

vitamins - 3rd trimester:

• vitamin C;
• vitamin K.

Currently, there are many drugs specially designed for pregnant women, they have a complex of essential vitamins and minerals for each period of pregnancy. Among these drugs

1. Elevit Pronatal.
2. Vitrum Prenatal Forte.

About these vitamins for pregnant women, the reviews speak of both the pros and some of the cons of the drugs.

Here is what the women who took them write.

1. I am a mother of three children, all three pregnancies proceeded with low hemoglobin, so iron supplements were constantly prescribed. In addition to them, in the third pregnancy I decided to take Complivit (mother). I was satisfied with these vitamins. Relatively inexpensive, contain all the necessary complex. (Ekaterina, 34 years old).
2. For the first time, Complivit (mother) was prescribed, but side effects were found: nausea, heart pounding. I had to give up and heavily eat vegetables and fruits. Now the second pregnancy, I chose Elevit Pronatal, there were no side effects, however, a little expensive. (Victoria, 25 years old).
3. I was satisfied with Alphabet (mother's health), these multivitamins contain everything you need, no side effects were observed, although I tolerate all medications well. Together with these vitamins I take preparations containing iodine and iron. (Anna, 20 years old).
4. I took Complivit (mother) very well helped with toxicosis. Now the second pregnancy, toxicosis is terrible, the effect is zero, I will have to change the drug. (Svetlana, 27 years old).
5. I took Vitrum Prenatal Forte, good vitamins, as part of the entire necessary complex, however, they can cause side effects. I tolerated the drug well, nothing side effects were observed, in addition, I took it during breastfeeding. Vitamins helped during lactation, there was a lot of milk, she fed for 2 years. (Natalia, 26 years old).

Pregnancy is an important stage in a woman's life. She should take care not only about her health, but also about the health of the unborn baby. Therefore, it is important that all the necessary substances receive both in sufficient quantities. The best way to do this is a balanced diet in combination with vitamins and hiking in the fresh air.

During pregnancy, significant changes occur in a woman's body - the metabolism is greatly rebuilt, the hormonal background fluctuates, and the composition of the blood changes. A growing fetus receives nutrients from the mother's body, so a woman's need for vitamins and microelements increases one and a half to two times. Recently, the issue of vitamin deficiency in expectant mothers has been quite acute, so doctors are making every effort to prepare for pregnancy and take the necessary drugs starting at the planning stage.

Vitamin deficiency and consequences

Vitamins are needed not only for the proper development of the fetus, but also for maintaining the health of the mother. Thus, the lack of any substance can lead to the manifestation of health problems in both the child and the pregnant woman. In the human body, vitamins play the role of enzymes, accelerating biochemical reactions. In addition, they take part in humoral regulation, performing the functions of some hormones. Despite popular belief, vitamins do not serve as a source of energy and are not structural components of tissues. These compounds are important only to ensure proper metabolism, on which the work of all internal organs and systems depends.

Pregnant women have been found to be deficient in at least three vitamins. This can lead to improper formation of the internal organs in the fetus or health problems in the mother due to excessive drawing of substances from her body. Most often there is a deficiency of B vitamins, carotenoids and ascorbic acid.

Vitamins enter the human body with food, but it is believed that food cannot fully provide the necessary daily intake. This is especially true for women during pregnancy. This leads to the need to take additional vitamins, in particular in the form of drugs.

Especially dangerous during pregnancy are conditions in which there is a deficiency of vitamin D, B6, folic acid, as they can lead to irreversible consequences of the formation of the nervous system or the skeleton of the child.

Vitamin deficiency in the first trimester is dangerous for violations in the formation of the nervous system, as well as the development of fetal defects and even intrauterine death. It is during this period that the laying of all organs and tissues occurs, as well as an important differentiation of cells. In the second and third trimester, vitamin deficiency is less dangerous, but can lead to problems in the cardiovascular, endocrine or digestive systems.

The role of vitamins in the formation of the fetus

• Pyridoxine (B6). Together with other vitamins that belong to group B, pyridoxine is involved in the conduction of nerve impulses. This vitamin is necessary for the proper functioning of the nervous system and the harmonious development of the child's brain. In addition, amino acids are produced from pyridoxine and proteins are synthesized - the main structural component of the human body.
• Folic acid (B9). Necessary for the processes of cell renewal, as well as for the proper formation of the fetal nervous system. With a lack of folic acid, neural tube defects, placental tissue pathologies can occur, and the likelihood of premature termination of pregnancy increases.
• Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin). Necessary for the proper development of a fertilized egg. Vitamin deficiency can lead to miscarriage. Cyanocobalamin is also a coenzyme in many biochemical reactions, in particular the oxidation of proteins and fats, as well as the synthesis of amino acids.
• Vitamin E (tocopherol). One of the most important vitamins for the fetus, pregnant woman, as well as the average person. Participates in the processes of tissue respiration, protects tissues from free radicals, strengthens the placenta. Necessary for the prevention of miscarriage and the normal development of a fertilized egg. It is prescribed to all women during pregnancy planning, as well as in the first trimester. Vitamin E deficiency can also lead to vision problems and hemolytic anemia. It is not recommended to exceed the dosage of this vitamin.
• Vitamin A (retinol) provides antioxidant protection and is a structural component of cell membranes. Its deficiency leads to abnormal development of the fetus, as well as problems with the vision of the baby after childbirth.
• Vitamin C (ascorbic acid). Necessary for the synthesis of collagen fibers, which are part of the structure of bones, cartilage and blood vessels. Vitamin C is known for its immune-boosting properties, as well as its ability to neutralize toxins. With a lack of vitamin increases the likelihood of infection with viral infections and negative consequences for the baby.

The role of vitamins for a pregnant woman

• Pyridoxine. Vitamin is involved in the processes of hematopoiesis and ensures the proper functioning of the nervous system. Its deficiency leads to anemia, convulsive syndrome, the development of early toxicosis, irritability, and insomnia.
• Folic acid. Necessary for the stable functioning of the nervous system. With a deficiency, a woman may feel a loss of appetite, increased fatigue and irritability.
• Vitamin B 12. Takes part in the processes of hematopoiesis and various biochemical reactions. Vitamin deficiency leads to the development of special types of anemia, which negatively affect the state of the bone marrow and nervous system.
• Vitamin E. Takes part in the metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, acts as an antioxidant. With a deficiency, muscle pain, weakness, and spontaneous abortion may occur.
• Vitamin A. It is recommended to take the vitamin precursor, beta-carotene, to minimize the chance of overdose. Vitamin A itself takes part in many biochemical processes in the body, and with its deficiency, vision problems develop, immune defense decreases, and the condition of the epithelium worsens.
• Vitamin C. Reduces vascular fragility, prevents varicose veins, which often occurs in pregnant women. Improves resistance to infections, accelerates tissue repair due to participation in collagen synthesis. With a lack of ascorbic acid, bruising, stretch marks, and frequent colds occur.

To prevent a deficiency of most of the most important vitamins, it is recommended to take complex vitamin preparations during pregnancy. They have adjusted not only the qualitative, but also the quantitative composition, taking into account the special position of women.

Foods rich in vitamins

It is possible to maintain the health of a pregnant woman and the harmonious intrauterine development of the fetus with the help of proper nutrition. It should be varied and include the main food groups (meat, cereals, vegetables, dairy, etc.) so that a woman receives all the necessary vitamins and minerals. Foods that are sources of vitamins are shown in the table below:

vitamins by pregnancy

The need for different vitamins varies depending on the duration of pregnancy and the processes that occur in the body.

In the first trimester, the main emphasis should be on the intake of folic acid, vitamin E and ascorbic acid. During this period, the laying of the nervous system and the formation of internal organs take place, and the woman's immunity decreases due to hormonal changes. These vitamins will ensure the full development of the embryo, prevent pathologies of the brain, vision and hearing. It is recommended to supplement vitamins during this period with microelements - iodine and zinc.

In the second trimester, there is more need for substances that will give the mother energy, and the child - the structural material for growth. It is recommended to take vitamins A, C, E, as well as vitamin D. Additionally, the need for vital microelements - iron, zinc, iodine - increases.

A healthy lifestyle during pregnancy has a significant impact on both the development of the baby in the womb and its future. It is important to have a good rest, limit yourself in physical activity and, of course, monitor nutrition. It is from food that a woman with a child receives trace elements important for life. But sometimes they are simply not enough, so doctors prescribe multivitamins for pregnant women. Which is better, it is impossible to say unequivocally because when choosing, one must proceed from the individual characteristics of the organism. Be sure to consult with your family doctor to find the right option for you.

Should pregnant women take multivitamins?

It is important to know that any vitamins that are intended for pregnant women contain synthetic substances that make up for their deficiency in the body. But there is not always a need to purchase such drugs.

Who Should Take a Multivitamin:

• Pregnant women who are constantly at work and malnourished.
• Those who previously had diseases associated precisely with a lack of vital vitamins in the body.
• Women who have previously had a miscarriage or a child born with developmental anomalies.
• Pregnant women who are over 30 years old.

As you can see, not all pregnant women need to take multivitamins without fail. They give a big load on the kidneys and liver, and this is also bad for the intrauterine development of the child. Try to eat right, eat fruits and vegetables, then there will be no need for other trace elements. You should not choose those multivitamins for pregnant women, reviews of which your friends gave you. For each woman, an individual complex is selected, which can only be done by the attending physician.

When should you start taking multivitamins?

Multivitamins for pregnant women contain much more substances than conventional vitamin complexes. They should be taken only if the body really needs it. It is not advisable to start taking supplements at the stage of pregnancy planning. If you want to prepare yourself for the conception of a child, then the best option would be to drink simple vitamins, they do not greatly overload the body.

When should you start taking a prenatal multivitamin? 2nd trimester is the best time. During this period, the threat of miscarriage is minimized, the fetus begins to grow and develop, a woman may lack nutrients in the body. However, when choosing a drug, individual characteristics must be taken into account, so it is better to entrust it to a doctor who monitors pregnancy.

Do not ask your friends what kind of multivitamins they took, which ones are better. Reviews for pregnant women about drugs very often play an important role, but remember: each body is special, and if a friend lacked iodine, then you may have a lack of vitamin E. You need to choose the composition of the drug for yourself.

What to look for when choosing a multivitamin?

Before you buy this or that drug, be sure to study its composition well. It is better to pick up several bottles and compare the percentage of trace elements in each of them. Choosing the best multivitamin for pregnant women is almost impossible because some may be deficient in iodine, others may lack calcium, and others may have too much vitamin A. It is for this reason that it is important to listen to the opinion of your doctor so that he explains the advantages and disadvantages of each drug.

Almost all vitamin complexes cannot boast of a huge amount of calcium in their composition. This is completely normal, because we get this element from food. An excess of calcium is much more dangerous than its deficiency. If it so happened that during the period of bearing a child you were diagnosed with a lack of this element in the blood, then you can correct the situation by taking it separately.

The same situation can be observed with iodine. But its deficiency is also not a problem to compensate by eating foods such as seaweed or shrimp.

Only your obstetrician-gynecologist can help you choose the right multivitamin. You need to take into account both your individual characteristics, and the trimester, season and other factors.

Multivitamins for pregnant women: 1 trimester

In the early stages of bearing a child, multivitamins are not contraindicated, but it is better at this time to limit yourself to proper nutrition and taking certain drugs if your body lacks any specific substances.

Let's start with vitamin E. It is best to get it from food. This microelement is contained in large quantities in vegetable oils, meat, peas, spinach. It is undesirable to take an additional vitamin in the preparation because its excess can adversely affect the health of the expectant mother and her child.

In the first trimester of pregnancy, special attention should be paid to folic acid, but it should not be taken in combination, but separately. It is vitamin B9 that contributes to the proper formation of the placenta, protects against miscarriage and normalizes hemoglobin. With its lack, the manifestation of anemia is possible, which does not affect the fetus in the best way. The dosage of folic acid is prescribed by the family doctor.

Additionally, vitamin B9 can be obtained from foods such as carrots, spinach, peaches, celery.

Second trimester of pregnancy

Multivitamins for pregnant women 2 trimester should contain:

• Calcium.
• Iron.

Iodine is very important for the formation of the correct skeleton of the child, its deficiency can lead to metabolic disorders in women and, as a result, to weight gain. And with excess weight, it is much harder to prepare for childbirth.

Calcium contributes to the proper development and formation of the kidneys, the endocrine system. You can find it in large quantities in dairy products. As you know, calcium is not absorbed by the body in the best way, for this reason, expectant mothers are recommended to use it in combination with other vitamins.

Iron is an important trace element for the prevention of anemia. Participates in protein synthesis and the formation of muscle tissue. Iron can be found in foods such as meat (especially pork and beef) plant foods.

Multivitamins for pregnant women (2nd trimester) should be taken in combination because at this time the organs of the fetus begin to form. It is very important that the body has enough of the necessary substances for this.

Third trimester of pregnancy

Multivitamins for pregnant women (3rd trimester) should contain the following components:

• Vitamin A.
• Iron.
• Vitamin C.
• Vitamin D

Taking vitamin C in the third trimester is very important because it has a strong effect on the immune system. But you need to be careful with the dosage, because with an excess in the blood of a woman, the placenta begins to perceive it as a hostile element and filter it out. Therefore, the more the expectant mother consumes, the less the child gets. It is for this reason that during this period of bearing a child, you need to take a complex of multivitamins. It contains the optimal amount of all trace elements.

As you know, vitamin C is found in citrus fruits, which are not recommended to be eaten in large quantities, they provoke the development of allergies. And if you didn’t feel it on yourself, then the effect can affect the child.

Vitamin D is important for a child because bones are actively developing in the third trimester. It is found in food in small quantities, which is why it is recommended to take a multivitamin complex.

Complex of vitamins "Elevit"

This complex is one of the most popular among expectant mothers. In its composition, it contains a large amount of magnesium, for this reason, doctors recommend using it for those women who have a threat of miscarriage. Magnesium has a positive effect on the uterus, relaxes it, improves blood flow. Also, this complex contains a sufficient amount of folic acid, which is very important for expectant mothers.

However, it should be noted that if you have previously been diagnosed with an iodine deficiency, then you need to choose multivitamins with iodine for pregnant women, because this element is not in the composition of Elevit.

Complex of vitamins "Materna"

You can take this complex only on the recommendation of a doctor. The fact is that it contains too much vitamin A and B. These are strong allergens, which, if excessive, can have a detrimental effect not only on the health of a woman, but also on the fetus.

But the complex "Materna" boasts an ideal dose of folic acid and iodine. It is for this reason that opinions about this drug are divided. In no case do not make a decision about taking it on your own, only after consulting with an obstetrician-gynecologist!

Complex of vitamins "Vitrum Prenatal"

This drug is considered the most optimal in terms of quality and cost. The composition contains iodine, which gives it a clear advantage over other complexes. There is also iron, the use of which is necessary for expectant mothers to prevent and correct anemia. The dose of vitamin A is small, but sufficient. There is magnesium and folic acid in the required amount in order to limit the intake of only this complex of vitamins.

Multivitamins "Vitrum" for pregnant women is a great option for any woman. The drug contains the whole complex of necessary trace elements for the normal development of the fetus and maintaining the health of the expectant mother.

AlfaVit Mom's health complex

This preparation differs from others in that the daily dose of the required vitamins is divided into three tablets. It is perfectly absorbed by the body, nourishing it with the necessary substances for the normal development of the fetus.

However, there is one minus - this is a small content of folic acid, so you have to take it extra. Among the advantages is the presence of iodine in the composition. If the expectant mother is allergic to vitamin B or A, then you can simply not take the pill that contains them.

If you are looking for a suitable prenatal multivitamin for you, you can check the names with your doctor. It is believed that "Alphavit Mom's Health" is the best drug for taking at any period of bearing a child.

Complex of vitamins "Pregnakeya"

The drug appeared on the market not so long ago, but has already managed to gain great confidence among pregnant women. In its composition, it contains all the necessary trace elements, including the correct dose of folic acid, iron and iodine. At a cost, the drug is quite affordable, so many doctors now recommend it for taking it. However, do not forget that any multivitamin for pregnant women can be taken only after consultation with your obstetrician-gynecologist. This is necessary in order to study the individual characteristics of your body.

• Start eating right, don't overeat. But if you suddenly want something tasty, you should not deny yourself pleasure because the body will begin to experience stress, and this is bad. You can eat everything, but in reasonable quantities. Denying yourself a piece of chocolate because you are afraid of gaining extra pounds is just stupid.
• Keep an eye on the condition of your teeth, if your gums begin to bleed, contact your doctor immediately.
• Train yourself every morning to do exercises for pregnant women. This will not only improve your health, but also help prepare for childbirth.
• Take a walk - fresh air during the period of bearing a child is very useful.
• If there is a lack of vitamins in the body, start taking them additionally, consult your doctor first.
• Give up bad habits. Smoking, alcohol and other addictions will affect your child's health and development.
• Rest, try to get enough sleep - the body simply needs it.

Features of taking a complex of vitamins

If you decide to start taking a prenatal multivitamin, first make sure you really need it. In the event that you live in a region where it is problematic to get fresh fruits and vegetables, additional nourishment to the body, of course, is necessary.

If your pregnancy fell on the warm season, then you can get most of the vitamins and minerals without drugs. In order to protect yourself, you can take the complex for several weeks, then take a break from it for a while. This will save your body from excessive stress.

The lifestyle of a pregnant woman also plays a very important role. If you are constantly at work, then you need to be extremely careful, because there is a risk of contracting SARS. In this situation, multivitamins for pregnant women are simply necessary. It is also recommended to take additional vitamin C.

Some women may be at risk of preterm labor in the third trimester of pregnancy. To avoid this, in addition to the multivitamin complex, use additional magnesium. Be sure to check with your doctor about dosage.

Carrying a child is a huge responsibility. If you make the wrong decision, it can have a detrimental effect on your condition or the health of the unborn child. Is it worth taking multivitamins for pregnant women, which ones are best for you - all these issues are discussed with an obstetrician-gynecologist. Remember that vitamins are not a panacea, and you need to take them in a complex only if you really need it.

Vitamins are biologically active compounds that have a variety of structures. They are coenzymes of biochemical reactions occurring in the body. During pregnancy, the need for vitamins increases due to the growth and development of the fetus and the increased load on many maternal systems. But whether it is necessary to drink vitamins during pregnancy remains controversial to date.

Beneficial features

Studies show that most women become pregnant against the background of a deficiency of many vitamins and minerals. This deficit has to be replenished during the gestation period. At this time, the need for group B, C, folic acid increases significantly. At the same time, the need for trace elements is increasing.

The shortage may not be felt, but it will affect the emerging child. It has been proven that a lack of folic acid in the early stages leads to the development of neural tube defects. Therefore, even before conception, doctors recommend including vitamin complexes containing folic acid, as well as tocopherol, in the preconception preparation plan. It improves the maturation of the egg and promotes fertilization.

The expectant mother must prepare the body for pregnancy, create reserves of biologically active substances. This will improve the work of various enzyme systems, metabolism. With a sufficient amount of vitamins B₆, B₁₂, the level of hemoglobin is associated. With a deficiency, aplastic anemia develops, which will aggravate the course of pregnancy.

1 trimester

Doctors recommend taking vitamins during the trimesters of pregnancy. The 1st trimester is associated with the laying of all organs, the beginning of the formation of the nervous system. The further viability of the fetus and the preservation of pregnancy depend on how correctly this process proceeds.

It must be remembered that the development of the embryo does not depend only on the content of vitamins in the diet, and in the presence of genetic abnormalities or chromosomal rearrangements, the situation cannot be corrected by increasing the active substances in the diet.

Vitamins are prescribed by a gynecologist depending on the trimester and individual characteristics, taking into account risk factors. The main drugs in the initial period are:

• folic acid - B₉;
• tocopherol acetate - E;
• retinol - A;

Is it necessary to take vitamins in the 1st trimester of pregnancy if a woman eats well? The need for them during the bearing of a child increases several times, therefore it is impossible to cover it only with food.

Folic acid

Contained in any vegetables with a natural green color when ripe, as well as leafy greens (parsley, spinach, dill). It has even been found in animal products, which is why there is now talk of the ubiquitous presence of folate. But its peculiarity is the tendency to rapid decay. If a salad or cabbage is just plucked from the garden, then we can talk about a good saturation with useful substances. But in vegetables that are stored in the refrigerator or at room temperature, the breakdown of folates is accelerated, after a few hours their content is half as much. When heated to 60 degrees, only traces of folic acid remain after a few minutes.

Folacin is necessary for the division of all body cells, both in the expectant mother and in the developing fetus. It is involved in the process of DNA replication (doubling) that occurs during cell division. Most of all, the red bone marrow, as the most actively dividing structure, suffers from a lack of folate. For a woman, this is manifested by the development of megaloblastic anemia.

But a state of pronounced deficiency and severe consequences of a lack of B₉ are rarely observed. The normal intestinal microflora is involved in the synthesis of this substance, as well as several others. With dysbacteriosis, when the content of beneficial bacteria in the intestine is disturbed, the amount of folates in the body may decrease, which, together with insufficient intake from food, will lead to the development of anemia. It is impossible to cure it only with iron preparations.

The dose of folic acid for those who are planning a pregnancy is 400-800 micrograms. But doctors recommend sticking to the maximum dosage: this will saturate the body before conception. With successful conception, the dosage is not reduced. Those who in past pregnancies did not have children with neural tube pathology, spontaneous miscarriages in the early stages, are allowed to take 800-1000 mcg per day. For women with a history of the listed pathologies, the dose is increased several times.

You can read more about why you need to drink folic acid when planning a pregnancy, as well as prescribed drugs and options for taking them.

Pregnant women diagnosed with epilepsy who are forced to take anticonvulsants should take an increased dose of folate. Carbamazepine and valproic acid significantly reduce the amount of B₉ in the body.

Folic acid is safe. It is water-soluble, with excess in the body is easily excreted by the kidneys. No signs of overdose have been reported.

Tocopherol

The second most important for pregnant women is tocopherol (E). This is a fat-soluble compound, the name of which translates as "bearing offspring." Its function in the body is to:

• protection of cell membranes from the damaging effects of oxygen;
• preservation of vitamins A and C in an unoxidized form;
• the inclusion of selenium in the composition of coenzymes;
• immune protection;
• reducing the need for cells in oxygen and protection from hypoxia;
• protein synthesis and tissue regeneration;
• stimulation of hormone production.

The lack of tocopherol is reflected in the appearance and condition of the skin, nails and hair. They become dull, lifeless, hair splits, and nails break easily. Therefore, with dry skin, it is necessary to additionally include tocopherol in the diet.

During the gestational period, an additional amount of tocopherol is needed. It has the following effect:

• improves hormonal levels;
• contributes to the maturation of the egg;
• reduces risk;
• increases the chance of conception;
• eliminates symptoms;
• promotes the formation of the placenta;
• reduces the risk.

The dosage of vitamin E in capsules is 100-200 mg per day. It is recommended to start taking it at the planning stage 2 months before conception for two spouses. A woman continues to drink tocopherol after confirmation of pregnancy for 2-3 months.

Tocopherol (vitamin E) is the second most important vitamin for pregnant women (after folic acid).

Tocopherol acetate is a fat soluble substance. Therefore, there is a risk of its cumulation. But the toxic effect is manifested when the daily norm is exceeded by 10-20 times. There may be a cumulative effect with prolonged overdose. Then the medicine is canceled and Vikasol is prescribed to reduce the risk of bleeding.

Retinol

Vitamin A (retinol) is involved in many metabolic processes:

• enzyme synthesis;
• the formation of muscle tissue;
• synthesis of sex hormones;
• maintaining immunity due to the metabolism of interferons, lysozyme, immunoglobulin A;
• activation of receptors for calcitriol (vitamin D₃);
• production of retinal rhodopsin for twilight vision.

Experiments have shown that the most complete exclusion of retinol from the diet of animals of both sexes leads to the development of infertility. It is also necessary for the normal development of the unborn child. But the need for vitamin A in women before and during pregnancy is not much different. In the 1st trimester, a sufficient amount of it comes from food. Large doses of retinoids are toxic to the fetus and can cause the development of heart defects, nervous system. Only by the second half of gestation and the moment of lactation does the need increase.

2nd trimester

After the formation of all organs of the fetus and placenta, the need for active substances changes. The 2nd trimester is a time of active growth of the child, the development of the skeleton. Therefore, the need for calcium and the substances involved in its metabolism increases.

After 20 weeks, it is recommended to take additional retinol. He is responsible for the activation of receptors for calciferol, so the lack of the first will affect its action. Doctors prescribe 1-2 tablets of retinol, which corresponds to 3300-6600 IU.

Lack of vitamin D during pregnancy is manifested by impaired absorption of calcium. If this microelement is not supplied with enough food, then the body begins to withdraw it from its own structures in order to provide a growing fetus. Therefore, a pregnant woman may experience:

• aches in the bones;
• joint pain;
• muscle cramps.

Calcium deficiency will affect after pregnancy. For some, even during the period of gestation, teeth begin to actively deteriorate and crumble, caries appears. Hair and nails also suffer from a lack of calcium.

It should be remembered that calcium is a component of the blood coagulation system; without it, the full formation of a clot is impossible. Therefore, a deficiency can lead to increased bleeding, which is especially dangerous during gestation.

A child with an intrauterine deficiency of D₃ may have a predisposition to the development of rickets.

But not all pregnant women have clear signs of calciferol deficiency. They are successfully synthesized in the skin under the action of ultraviolet radiation. In some cases, this process may be disrupted:

• dark-skinned people who lived in the equatorial zones for a long time, but now live in a temperate climate;
• with a strict vegetarian diet;
• in those rarely exposed to the sun or from regions located beyond the Arctic Circle.

Rules for taking vitamin D for pregnant women - 400-600 IU, or 10-15 mcg, is enough to cover the daily requirement.

3rd trimester

By the end of gestation, an increased need for A, E, D remains. Also, ascorbic acid is recommended in the 3rd trimester. It is included in the complex of antioxidants that protect cells from the action of various endogenous oxidizing agents. Vitamin C has the following effect:

• strengthens the walls of blood vessels, reduces their fragility;
• reduces bleeding;
• strengthens the immune system;
• promotes iron absorption.

For pregnant women who have to bear a child during a seasonal rise in the incidence of respiratory infections, it will not be superfluous to include ascorbic acid in the diet. It is not possible to fully cover the costs of the body at the expense of food. Ascorbic acid, like folates, does not withstand the action of air and heat, it begins to decompose at temperatures above 60 degrees, and after boiling it is completely absent.

Iron deficiency anemia may be due to a violation of the intake of ferrum in the body. Its absorption is accelerated while taking ascorbic acid and is inhibited in the presence of calcium. Therefore, in the composition of some complex vitamin preparations, these substances are combined depending on the competition for absorption.

For pregnant women, regardless of the trimester, vitamin B₁₂ (cyanocobolamine) is important. For the body, it is useful for the following properties:

• participation in the synthesis of DNA and RNA cells;
• fatty acid metabolism;
• protein synthesis;
• the formation of red blood cells;
• melatonin synthesis and regulation of sleep cycles;
• maintaining the health of the reproductive system.

In pregnant women, a lack of cyanocobolamin leads to development that cannot be treated with iron preparations, sleep problems, nervousness, and memory impairment. The need increases in the following cases:

• vegetarian diet;
• diabetes;
• alcohol consumption;
• the age of the expectant mother is over 45 years old.

The need during gestation and lactation is the same and is 3.5 mg per day.

Vitamin B₆ is also often prescribed for pregnant women, but in combination with magnesium. These substances reinforce each other's action. They begin to be used in the 2nd-3rd trimester to prevent pathology of the placenta, and also in case of a threat, magnesium in combination with B₆ reduces the tone of the uterus and helps prolong gestation.

Ways to fill the deficit

Which vitamins are better to take during pregnancy, the doctor decides, focusing on the individual characteristics of the woman. If the expectant mother has no complications, she has a minimal risk or its absence in the development of fetal pathologies, then prophylactic doses of drugs are necessary. In case of detection of abnormalities, severe condition of the fetus, risk of preterm birth and various diseases, increased doses of drugs may be required.

The regimen for taking vitamins during pregnancy may change. It should be remembered that B₆ and B₁₂ cannot be combined, they enhance the allergenic effect of each other and can lead to urticaria. A, E, C are complementary, have an antioxidant effect. Therefore, they are often used as a single drug.

Nutrition

Most doctors insist on the need for vitamin complexes, despite a balanced diet. The explanation for this is as follows:

1. The amount of nutrients in food cannot cover the daily requirement of even a non-pregnant woman. Not only the content of active substances is important, but also their absorption, which may be limited due to metabolic characteristics or certain diseases.
2. In winter, in vegetables and fruits, the amount of useful components is at a minimum level: folates and ascorbic acid have already oxidized by this time.
3. Processing products before consumption leads to a significant loss of their beneficial properties.

There are also conditions that reduce the intake of nutrients from food or speed up their metabolism:

• gastritis;
• duodenitis;
• diabetes;
• acute or chronic infections;
• liver pathology;
• colitis.

The use of vitamin complexes does not cancel proper nutrition. Food contains the necessary peptides, fatty acids, carbohydrates, without which life and development are impossible, as well as ballast substances necessary for normal digestion.

Medications

With the help of pharmaceutical preparations, you can achieve the required concentration of vitamins in the diet and block the daily requirement. Some doubt the need and effectiveness of synthetic drugs, but data from various studies indicate that it is impossible to provide a pregnant woman with the necessary substances without them.

There are many different brands in pharmacies, some of them are designed for the feeding period. They differ from each other in composition and dosage.

Elevit

One of the most popular complexes for pregnant women is Elevit. Its feature is a sufficient amount of folic acid: a woman does not need to take it as a separate drug. Also, "Elevit" will be useful for or premature birth, it includes an increased amount of magnesium. A useful property is the high iron content, which is equivalent to a preventive dosage. But the complex does not contain iodine, which is necessary for the formation of the nervous system and the thyroid gland of the fetus. Therefore, those to whom the doctor has prescribed Elevit will have to take iodine additionally from the 22nd week.

Alphabet

Separately, you can highlight the vitamins "Alphabet". Their feature is the division of active substances into different methods. For example, iron is reinforced by the action of ascorbic acid, magnesium - B₆, calcium - D₃, B₆ and B₁₂ are not taken in one tablet, which reduces the risk of developing allergies. The convenience lies in the fact that if you are intolerant to a certain substance in the composition of the tablet, you can refuse to take it. But taking "Alphabet" is recommended for practically healthy women, without pregnancy complications or obstetric and gynecological history. The dosages in it are at the minimum for pregnant values.

Vitrum Prenatal Forte

The composition of the drug contains all the necessary trace elements and vitamins, iodine is no exception. Its content is close to the daily requirement and no additional intake is required. The amount of folic acid is optimal for early gestation, and retinol is contained in a dose that is non-toxic to the fetus. The dosage of tocopherol is increased. This combination of useful substances allows us to recommend this drug as a preconception preparation.

Pregnawit

The complex contains all the necessary substances in sufficient quantities, but only calcium and a small amount of iron are contained among the trace elements. On the one hand, this can be considered a disadvantage, but on the other hand, if it is necessary to introduce iron into the diet, add iodine, magnesium, the dosage will not need to be adjusted taking into account the drugs taken.

materna

Contains a complete list of essential substances, a sufficient amount of iodine. This drug can be used only after consulting a doctor. It contains increased content of retinol, tocopherol, ascorbic acid. This is an antioxidant complex that will be useful for women with various chronic diseases. But at the same time, the risk of an allergic reaction increases.