Russian cities with the dirtiest air according to the ministry of nature. The dirtiest and cleanest cities in Russia Environmentally polluted cities

In Russia, however, like any other industrialized country, there are cities that cannot boast of a good ecology, especially since there are many large enterprises in the metallurgical, chemical and mining industries in the country. Also, do not forget about large metropolitan areas, where every second family can afford to have several cars, and during rush hour you can stand in traffic jams for hours. All this forms ecologically unfavorable places, where tens of thousands of waste and harmful substances enter the environment every year. We present you the ten dirtiest cities in Russia. Those interested can also watch. If there is a pogo "Where did Dzerzhinsk disappear from the list below?"

10. Magnitogorsk

In tenth place we have Magnitogorsk, where the largest metallurgical plant in Russia, the Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Plant, became the main source of pollution. On average, 255.7 thousand tons of harmful substances are released into the air in the city per year.

9. Angarsk

Although Angarsk is considered one of the most comfortable cities in Eastern Siberia, 280 thousand tons of harmful substances get into the air every year. The air is mainly polluted by petrochemical enterprises, machine-building enterprises, and of course the "Angarsk Electrolysis Chemical Plant" engaged in uranium enrichment and reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel.

8. Omsk

Omsk is one of the largest industrial centers in Russia, the rapid growth of which began during the Great Patriotic War, where large industrial enterprises were evacuated from the European part of the USSR. Annually, 291.6 thousand tons of harmful substances get into the air here, mainly from enterprises related to chemical production, metallurgy and the aerospace industry. It should be noted that about 30% of harmful substances that enter the air come from car exhaust, because 1,160 million people live in Omsk.

7. Novokuznetsk

In seventh place we got Novokuznetsk, one of the largest industrial centers in Russia, where 310 thousand tons of harmful substances get into the air per year. The main part of harmful emissions falls on metallurgical enterprises, which is only the Novokuznetsk metallurgical plant, coal mines and open-pit mines.

6. Lipetsk

In Lipetsk, half a million, 322 thousand tons of harmful substances get into the air annually. The main supplier of "bad" air in the city is the Novolipetsk Metallurgical Plant, which, by the way, is the third largest metallurgical plant in Russia at a time.

5. Asbestos

In the small by Russian standards city of Asbestos with a population of 68 thousand people, 330 thousand tons of harmful substances are thrown into the air annually. In full accordance with the name, an enterprise for the extraction and processing of asbestos, as well as the production of silicate bricks, prevails here. By the way, asbestos dust is carcinogenic and belongs to the first group of danger.

4. Cherepovets

In fourth place we got another large center of ferrous metallurgy, this is the city of Cherepovets, where on average 364.5 thousand tons of harmful substances get into the air per year. The second largest metallurgical plant in Russia, owned by Severstal, and such monsters of the chemical industry as Azot and Ammophos, distinguished themselves with a minus sign.

3. St. Petersburg

It is not surprising, but the third place of the dirtiest cities in Russia is St. Petersburg, with its 5 million inhabitants. Here, about 500 thousand tons of harmful substances get into the air annually, of which 85% is car exhaust. Also, in recent years, Peter has retained the leadership in Russia in terms of increasing emissions of hazardous waste into the environment in percentage terms.

2.Moscow

In Moscow, about a million tons of harmful substances are released into the air every year, of which 93% are accounted for by cars. The saddest amount of harmful emissions is increasing every year.

1. Norilsk

The dirtiest city in Russia is Norilsk, where about 2000 thousand tons of harmful substances get into the air every year, in which it is simply dangerous to stay for a long time. Here all life revolves around the mining and metallurgical plant "Norilsk Nickel", where half of the periodic table is mined. The 177 thousandth town accounts for 2% of the emissions of harmful substances in the world, and the content of harmful substances in the air exceeds the permissible standards by hundreds of times.

Among the most polluted cities in Russia, there are both megalopolises and small settlements. Polluted cities are a huge problem affecting our country and the entire world. Millions of people suffer from harmful emissions every day, often without even noticing it. Unfortunately, very little attention is paid to the problem of pollution. Let's take a closer look at the most polluted cities in our country.

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general information

The environmental situation in Russia has deteriorated markedly since 2013. In recent years, the concentration of hazardous (often fatal) substances in the air has increased significantly. This is due to the development of rail and road transport, the growth in the number of enterprises. Some statistics: damage from vehicles increased by about 6% in 2017 alone.

Of course, this affects people's health. In 2014-2016, children began to suffer from asthma 70% more often, and adults - 50%. These are indicators for only one disease: a huge number of people suffer from other problems due to the dirty atmosphere.

Water pollution is appallingly high. For 2017, each region of the country has several extremely dirty water sources. Most often, small rivers suffer from mud, but even the largest need help. The Yenisei, Volga, Ob have already lost their drinking value: the water is unsafe here. The situation is especially serious in the Central Region, where almost all rivers are extremely polluted. Among them are Yauza, Rozhaya, Don. In other regions, the most polluted rivers are the rivers Rosta, Padovaya, Tagil, Rudnaya, Chernaya Rechka, Kamenka. Unfortunately, this list is far from complete. Water is polluted by waste water from utilities and industrial facilities.

River pollution by untreated wastewater discharges:

Every year the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia publishes a report on the ecological state of the country. This information cannot please people, because every year there are only more problems. The government is taking some measures, but the environmental situation also depends on the people.

Contamination reasons

Large enterprises are both a blessing and a nightmare for people. On the one hand, this is the active development of industry and trade, which ensures a normal life for people in the country, as well as jobs. On the other hand, factories, factories and combines constantly pollute the environment, sometimes throwing out waste in an amount that exceeds all permissible standards. Both nature and people are being destroyed. This really portends a global ecological catastrophe, due to which people will get a lot of problems.

Main polluting areas of work:

• Energy;
• Ferrous metallurgy;
• Non-ferrous metallurgy;
• Fuel industry;
• Chemical, petrochemical industry;
• Coal mining complexes.

Another risk factor is cars. A huge number of cars poison the atmosphere with their exhaust. They make up about 40% of the total amount of harmful substances that end up in the air every year. It is unpleasant to realize that only a few are ready to give up a car in order to save the environment. Most people will be better off gradually choking on emissions, but will not give up the comfort of owning a private car. This is especially true for large cities, which regularly fall into all kinds of city ratings for pollution.

The authorities of some countries do not even try to reduce the amount of emissions, and unscrupulous entrepreneurs do not pay attention to them at all. All this leads to sad statistics on the pollution of large settlements, an increase in mortality, the level of diseases, and the number of ecologically clean places on the planet tends to zero.

Let's take a look at the 10 most polluted cities in Russia. It is worth noting that these ratings can be expanded up to 20, up to 100 lines, but now we will only study the top 10.

All-Russian rating of 2017

The rating of the most polluted cities in Russia is annually compiled based on the level of emissions of toxic substances into the air. Do not be surprised that the first lines of the Russian rating do not coincide with our cities belonging to the global list. Different organizations assessing the degree of pollution take into account different parameters. Below you can see a list of "grimy" cities in Russia in 2017.

1. Norilsk. The most poisoned city in Russia took the first place due to the activities of the nickel processing plant. The atmosphere receives approximately 2 million tons of toxic waste annually. The most ecologically poisoned city in the country is on the 7th line of the world ranking, behind Dzerzhinsk.

2. Moscow. Of course, megalopolises are located in the first 3 lines of the rating. In addition to manufacturing plants, the largest cities are overloaded with transport. In Moscow, toxic exhaust from cars is about 1 million tons per year. This is approximately 90% of the total number of toxic substances that annually poison the air.

3. St. Petersburg. The cultural capital is not far behind - 500,000 tons of toxic dirt is poisoning the air due to car exhaust. Here it is 85% of the total waste emissions of this city in Russia.

4. Cherepovets. Chemical plants, metallurgy plants, of which there are quite a few, bring up to 365 tons of toxic dirt into the atmosphere per year.

5. Asbestos. This small (about 86 thousand inhabitants) city in Russia is extremely poisoned. Year after year, the atmosphere above it receives approximately 330 thousand tons of toxic compounds. This is due to the operation of factories that process asbestos, as well as due to silicate production.

6. Lipetsk. The metallurgical plant located here is the 3rd largest in the country. It emits 322 tons of harmful compounds per year. He is "helped" by the cement, machine-tool, and other factories.

7. Novokuznetsk. Abundant coal mining and metal production in the city's factories are the main causes of pollution. Emissions per year are about 310,000 tons.

8. Omsk. Aerospace and metallurgical production, as well as the chemical industry, are actively developing here. More than 290 thousand tons of hazardous waste pollute the air annually. 30% of them are car exhaust.

9. Angarsk. The atmosphere over one of the most comfortable areas in Siberia receives approximately 270 thousand tons of harmful substances annually. The culprits are petrochemical plants, machine-building enterprises, and a chemical plant.

10. Magnitogorsk. It is here that the country's largest metal processing plant is located, from where the atmosphere receives about 255 tons of toxic emissions annually. It completes our list of the most polluted cities in Russia.

The most polluted cities are not limited to this list. The top 20 also includes Krasnoyarsk, Chelyabinsk, Ufa, Yekaterinburg, Vorkuta, Nizhny Tagil, Samara, Bratsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Volgograd.

Dzerzhinsk is worth mentioning separately. It ranks among the top 10 dirtiest cities in the world, ranking 6th. However, due to the difference in research, the city was not included in the above rating. Burials of the most dangerous chemical waste, located here, amount to about 300 thousand tons. It is not for nothing that at the beginning of the 21st century this city became part of the famous record list as the most polluted city on the planet. The mortality statistics makes one shudder: for 10 births - 25 people died. Even now, this city in Russia is the most poisonous in the country, and has long been included in the "grimy" rating of cities all over the planet.

Dirty list of Moscow region

The capital of our country is on the second line of the overall rating for pollution. This level of dirt affects the small towns surrounding Moscow. In addition, there are also many factories, factories, and the car traffic is quite active.

Not so long ago, studies of the atmosphere of these cities were carried out, in which samples were taken from many streets. We present the results of the work of environmental experts, which include the dirtiest streets. By the way, scientists have confirmed that the cleanest area is located far from Moscow.

Here are the dirtiest cities in the Moscow region:

Summarize

It is sad to realize that a huge number of places where people live are terribly polluted. Every day we have a negative impact that we don't even notice. Industrial waste, car exhaust, and other types of pollution are slow killers of people. Everyone should think about what he can do to prevent an ecological disaster, to make his place of residence cleaner. Environmentally friendly settlements, villages, abandonment of a personal car, assistance to environmentalists - perhaps you are the one who will come up with new methods of dealing with the problem?

Both in Russia and throughout the world, environmental problems are becoming more acute, requiring an early solution.

Main aspects

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In our country, the Ministry of Natural Resources annually records an increase in the amount of harmful emissions into the atmosphere. Rospotrebnadzor explains this situation by the absence of new generation treatment plants and the widespread use of outdated technologies.

The ministry denied reports of an increase in the number of deaths due to air pollution.

Nevertheless, in the past year, due to the high concentration of harmful compounds in the inhaled air, a little less than 5 thousand people died.

The incidence rate of the country's population has also increased. For example, the incidence of asthma in children increased by 70%; among the adult population, this figure increased by 50%.

But besides asthma, there are many other diseases, statistics for which are constantly growing.

Basis for rating

Today, the problem of environmental pollution is especially acute in large and medium-sized cities of the Russian Federation.

Thousands of Russians go there in search of a better life, which leads to the increasing influence of anthropogenic factors on the environment.

Thus, the cities with the highest rates of urbanization may well fall into the ranking of the most polluted.

On the territory of our country, there are regions that have recently become a zone of environmental disaster.

This is evidenced not only by various tests for environmental pollution, but also by the horrifying statistics on the growth of morbidity and fatalities among the population forced to live in contaminated regions.

Definition criteria

To determine the level of pollution in Russian cities, only 3 factors are taken into account:

• vehicle exhaust;
• industrial waste;
• pollution of natural origin.

Vehicle emissions are recorded in cities with large populations and an ever-increasing number of cars.

If we compare Russia and European countries by this indicator, it should be noted that in Europe the level of emissions is significantly lower, despite the high density of vehicles. This is due to the fact that:

• in our country, a large number of obsolete cars with low exhaust filtration are used;
• the quality of Russian fuel is significantly inferior to European;
• the roads in our country have not yet been adapted for large traffic flows, which is why the car engine is not able to work optimally and produces unnecessary exhaust emissions.

Industrial waste is concentrated in cities with large industrial plants and power plants. Such enterprises are often located in large cities.

The level of environmental pollution depends on the volume of industrial production. For example, in Norilsk almost 100% of emissions are produced by the large industrial complex Norilsk Nickel.

Power plants pollute the environment with products of fuel combustion. These emissions can account for up to a third of all industrial waste in a city.

Natural pollution occurs due to the geographical location and design features of cities.

So, those of them that are located between the heights are poorly blown by the winds, which is why the accumulation of dangerous substances occurs.

The radial ring pattern of traffic leads to a strong concentration of emissions in the central part of the city, while the outskirts are much cleaner.

Legal framework

The main law designed to ensure the fulfillment of all environmental requirements is the Federal Law of the Russian Federation “On Environmental Protection”.

Recent changes in environmental legislation are presented:

Rating of cities unfavorable for life in Russia

The dirtiest cities in Russia according to environmental monitoring are:

Which regions are on the list of ecological disasters

Today, a number of regions of Russia are in a very deplorable state from the point of view of ecology, their list is presented in the table:

Each region with a large industrial center can be classified as an ecological disaster region.

Consequences if the problem is not resolved

If we do not take measures to reduce air pollution, then the increasing emissions into the atmosphere from industrial production, vehicle exhaust, products from the combustion of oil, coal, wood, gas will increasingly penetrate into the ozone layer of the earth and contribute to its destruction.

All these dangerous emissions enter the atmosphere and fall out in the form of acid precipitation, contributing to the development of oncology, cardiovascular diseases, and the extinction of flora and fauna.

The almost uncontrolled deforestation in our country contributes to the disruption of the water cycle, drying up the climate and an ever-increasing greenhouse effect.

When industrial and domestic waste gets into the environment, the situation with surface and ground waters and soil becomes more and more catastrophic.

The use of outdated sewage treatment plants further aggravates the situation. If it is not changed in the direction of improvement, then there may be a shortage of drinking water in the country, already today it is forbidden to use water from some reservoirs even for technical needs.

Last week, the Ministry of Natural Resources in the state report "On Environmental Protection" named the cities of Russia with the dirtiest air. The most dangerous cities for living were Krasnoyarsk, Magnitogorsk and Norilsk. In total, there are 15 most polluted areas in Russia, which, according to ecologists, are the most unfavorable from the point of view of, first of all, atmospheric air and waste accumulation.

The black list of the dirtiest cities includes Norilsk, Lipetsk, Cherepovets, Novokuznetsk, Nizhny Tagil, Magnitogorsk, Krasnoyarsk, Omsk, Chelyabinsk, Bratsk, Novocherkassk, Chita, Dzerzhinsk, Mednogorsk and Asbest.

Krasnoyarsk named "ecological disaster zone"

Alas, today Krasnoyarsk citizens are literally suffocating in emissions. The reason for this is the active work of industrial facilities, factories and vehicles.

Krasnoyarsk, being the center of the East Siberian economic region, belongs to large industrial and transport cities, its ecological situation is in an extremely tense state. Over the past year, the ecology of this million-plus city has deteriorated even more. Within the framework of a special project "Practical Ecology" in this Siberian city, an analysis of the ecological situation was carried out.

The study of contamination was carried out using air sampling. If in 2014 only 0.7% of these samples were exceeded, then in 2017 this figure increased to 2.1% - that is, 3 times. Sounds scary. By the way, the same report also mentions the growth in the number of cancer patients in the city by about 2.5% per year. And by the end of 2017, this number may reach 373 patients per 100 thousand inhabitants.

Magnitogorsk, the most ecologically unfavorable city in the Urals

The unfavorable state of the atmospheric air in the city is determined by the emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere, the main source of which, of course, is the OJSC Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Plant. The city of Magnitogorsk, whose city-forming enterprise has become an industrial giant, is constantly included in the priority list of cities in the Russian Federation with the highest level of air pollution in terms of benzopyrene, nitrogen dioxide, carbon disulfide, phenol.

Norilsk: environmental crisis in extreme cold conditions

This city, which was built by GULAG prisoners in the 30s, can be called a place for extreme sports. Norilsk with a population of over 100 thousand people is located in the frosty Siberian Arctic. The maximum temperature in summer can reach 32 ° C, and the minimum in winter is below -50 ° C. The city, which is economically based on the mining industry, is completely dependent on imported food. The main industry is the extraction of precious metals. And precisely because of the mining of metals, Norilsk has become one of the most polluted cities in Russia.

Norilsk continues to be one of the three dirtiest Russian cities, even despite the fact that after the closure of the Nickel plant in June 2016, harmful emissions into the atmosphere decreased by a third. This enterprise, located in the historical center, was the oldest asset of Norilsk Nickel, and accounted for 25% of all pollution in the region. The plant annually emitted about 400,000 tons of sulfur dioxide into the air. This made Norilsk the main polluter of the Arctic and one of the ten dirtiest cities on the planet according to Greenpeace.

Lipetsk

Ecology in Lipetsk leaves much to be desired. A significant part of residential development is located on the right bank of the Voronezh River, while the building of the metallurgical plant is on the gentle left bank. Due to the wind rose with a predominance of northeastern winds, some areas of the city experience discomfort.

According to the results of official data, over 350 thousand tons of pollutants enter the atmospheric layers annually. This is more than 700 kilograms per capita. The largest excess is observed for heavy metals, dioxins, benzopyrene and phenol. The main source of pollution is the Novolipetsk Metallurgical Plant.

Cherepovets

Cherepovets is a city with developed industrial production, which, of course, directly affects the environmental situation. And here it is impossible to single out an area that would be relatively free from industrial pollution - absolutely all areas feel the influence of industrial zones.

Residents of the city often smell the unpleasant smell of industrial emissions, more often than others, they clean their windows from black plaque and observe the multi-colored smoke that comes out of the chimneys of factories every day. In spring and autumn, the ecological situation in the city deteriorates somewhat, which is associated with weather conditions, which reduce the dispersion of harmful components, which contributes to their accumulation in the atmosphere.

Novokuznetsk

This is another industrial Russian city, in the center of which there is a metallurgical plant. It is not surprising that the ecological situation here is characterized as unfavorable: air pollution is especially serious. There are 145 thousand registered vehicles in the city, the gross emission into the atmosphere of which amounted to 76.5 thousand tons.

Nizhny Tagil

Nizhny Tagil has long been on the list of cities with the most polluted air. The maximum permissible value of benzopyrene in the atmosphere of the city is exceeded 13 times.

Omsk

In the past, the abundance of factories led to numerous emissions into the atmosphere. Now, 58% of air pollution in the city is accounted for by motor vehicles. In addition to urban air pollution, the deplorable state of water in the Om and Irtysh rivers also adds problems to the state of the ecology of Omsk.

Chelyabinsk

In industrial Chelyabinsk, a fairly high level of air pollution is recorded. But this situation is further complicated by the fact that a third of the year in the city is calm. In hot weather, over Chelyabinsk one can observe smog, which is the result of the activities of the electrode plant, the Chelyabinsk State District Power Plant, ChEMK and several Chelyabinsk thermal power plants. Power plants account for about 20% of all recorded emissions.

Dzerzhinsk

Deep burials of hazardous industrial waste and a slime lake (nicknamed the "White Sea") with chemical waste remain a real threat to the city's ecology.

Bratsk

The main sources of air pollution in the city are the Bratsk Aluminum Plant, Ferroalloy Plant, Thermal Power Plant and the Bratsk Timber Industry Complex. In addition, forest fires occur regularly every spring and summer, lasting from two weeks to four months.

Chita

For three years in a row, this city gets into the anti-rating. The regional center ranks second in the country after Vladivostok in terms of the number of cars per capita, which is one of the sources of air pollution within the city. In addition, there is the problem of urban water pollution.

Mednogorsk

The main environmental pollutant is the Mednogorsk copper-sulfuric plant, which emits a large amount of sulfur dioxide into the air, which forms sulfuric acid when it settles over the soil.

Novocherkassk

The air of Novocherkassk is the dirtiest in the region: every year the city is consistently included in the list of places with the most polluted atmosphere. Night emissions are not uncommon here, often the wind blows from the industrial area to the residential area.

Asbestos

The city of Asbestos produces 25% of the world's asbestos-chrysotile. Known for its heat resistance and carcinogenic properties, this fibrous mineral is banned in most European countries. Around the clock, in a giant 12 km long quarry in Asbestos, "stone flax" is mined for the production of asbestos-cement pipes, insulation and building materials, half of which are exported to 50 countries. Local residents do not believe in the harm of asbestos.

Technological progress and the development of technologies have not only positive consequences for the entire population, but can also bring harm to the environment, which has been observed in the past few years.

Environmental problems are of concern to an increasing number of scientists and ordinary city dwellers, as they are increasingly experiencing the consequences of construction and work of various kinds. industrial enterprises, transport routes, etc.

Russia is no exception in this list, since there are also both small areas and entire cities that are under the scrutiny of environmental scientists.

Life in them is very difficult from an environmental point of view, since they are among the top dirtiest cities in Russia. Let's see which cities are on the list of the most environmentally polluted cities.

First place - Norilsk

Norilsk is a small town with a population of about 170 thousand people, however, this does not prevent him from leading the top of the most polluted cities in the country. Due to the large number of enterprises located in the city and the huge industrial emissions from them, about 2 tons of toxic substances... These are huge numbers.

Due to its mountainous surroundings, emissions over the city are practically not dispelled, which means that toxic substances are in the atmosphere for a long time. The inhabitants of the city suffer from this. Many of them have breathing problems and other illnesses.

Life expectancy in the city falls sharply every year, and some areas around the city are almost completely devoid of flora and fauna.

Second place - Dzerzhinsk

A small town located in the Nizhny Novgorod region, it is the center of the chemical industry of the entire region.

During the last century, a huge amount of various chemicals, which include hydrocyanic acid, pesticides, and cyanites, have been dumped on the territory of the city. All substances are still found in soil and water bodies. Locals “brag” about their main attraction - colored reservoirs, which contain a huge amount of deadly chemicals.

Third place - Magnitogorsk

City with population over 400 thousand people is known for its large metallurgical plant, which actively functioned during the existence of the USSR and is the main source of the release of toxic substances both into the atmosphere and into wastewater.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, they tried to control the activities of the enterprise, as well as monitor emissions into the environment, however, environmental scientists still talk about the problem of pollution of this city and that the amount of permissible substances in the atmosphere often exceeds the established norms.

Fourth place - Cherepovets

The small town with a population of 320 thousand people is famous for its ferrous metallurgy processing enterprises, as well as chemical plants. Counts one of the most polluted cities, in terms of the amount of emitted toxic substances it takes the second place after Norilsk.

Fifth place - Asbestos

Small town with population less than 70 thousand people located near the city of Yekaterinburg. Asbestos is mined and processed here.

In the areas of mining and processing, the concentration of asbestos dust is very high and exceeds the norm by several times. The release of these vapors leads to the development of cancer.

Sixth place - Lipetsk

A large Russian city with a population of over 500 thousand people. The main problem of the city is the metallurgical plant, emitting tons of toxic dust into the atmosphere... However, the city is carrying out a lot of environmental measures to improve the state of the environment.

The results of the work of environmental groups show that in the near future the city will leave the list of the dirtiest cities in Russia.

Seventh place - Omsk

The city of Omsk is one of the largest cities in Russia with a population 1.2 million people... The city is known for a large number of oil refineries, which are the main sources of pollution.

There is an active fight against emissions from enterprises by upgrading equipment. However, the problem of soil pollution and nearby water bodies is still relevant.

Eighth place - Angarsk

Angarsk is famous for its oil refineries, as well as enterprises working with radioactive substances such as uranium. At the moment they are abandoned, however, radioactive substances are still emitted from storage facilities and former workshops.

Ninth place - Novokuznetsk

Largest city with population 1.3 million people known for coal processing enterprises. There are about 40 of them on the territory of the city, so the impact on the atmosphere, soil and water bodies is enormous.

Tenth place - Moscow

The capital of Russia rightfully takes the last place in the list, since there are no factories and large enterprises located there, however, chemical emissions into the atmosphere are still large. This is due to the huge number of cars, the number of which is only growing in Moscow.

Alternatively, the capital offers use of electric vehicles as well as popularity for bicycles, electric scooters and other sustainable modes of transport.