Requirements for the territory of an educational institution. On new sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions and organization of training in educational institutions
From September 1, 2011, new sanitary rules and norms for schools come into force (SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10 "Sanitary and Epidemiological Requirements for the Conditions and Organization of Education in Educational Institutions"), which were approved by Resolution No. 189 of December 29, 2010 . Chief State Sanitary Doctor of Russia and registered with the Ministry of Justice 03.03.2011.
The new sanitary rules, like the previous ones (SanPiN 2.4.2.1178-02), establish requirements for the territory of the general educational institution, its building, equipment, air-thermal regime, lighting, the regime of the educational process, the organization of medical services for students and others.
Since educational activities are subject to licensing in accordance with the legislation Russian Federation, then a condition for making a decision on issuing a license is the availability of a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion on the compliance of a general educational institution with existing sanitary rules.
The new sanitary rules and regulations are informative, since they include Additional Information about school boarding schools as structural subdivisions of educational institutions, about premises for labor training, extended-day groups (which did not exist before).
The main differences between the new sanitary requirements from the previous ones:
1. Requirements for the territory.
The new SanPiN does not regulate the height of the fences.
2. Building requirements.
According to the new SanPiN, previously built buildings of educational institutions are operated in accordance with the project, therefore, it is unauthorized to require managers to allocate additional premises not provided for by the project.
It is officially allowed to arrange wardrobes in classrooms in educational institutions countryside with no more than 10 students per class.
Changes have been made to sports halls, which are manifested in the clarification of the requirements for the set of premises: at sports halls, shell and dressing rooms for boys and girls should be provided. In existing institutions, it is recommended to have separate showers and toilets for boys and girls equipped at sports halls. These premises should be mandatory only in newly constructed school buildings.
Medical offices in existing buildings should be located on the 1st floor and include a doctor's office and treatment room. In rural schools, medical care for students is allowed at FAPs and outpatient clinics. For newly built and reconstructed buildings, the set of medical rooms is the most complete: a doctor's office, treatment and vaccination rooms, a room for the preparation of disinfectants and storage of toilet equipment, as well as a toilet.
The structure of general education institutions as a structural unit may include a boarding school. It should include: sleeping rooms, separate for children of different genders, with an area of at least 4 square meters per person; self-study room; rest rooms; washrooms; rooms for drying clothes and shoes, washing and ironing personal items; cabinet for medical care; administrative and utility room.
3. Requirements for premises and equipment of educational institutions.
The main type of student furniture for students primary school there should be a desk provided with a tilt regulator for the surface of the working plane. During training in writing and reading, the slope of the working surface of the plane of the school desk should be 7-15 degrees. Combination is allowed different types student furniture (desks, desks). The duration of continuous work behind the desk should not exceed 7-10 minutes for primary school, for middle and senior children - 7-10 minutes.
It is allowed to equip classrooms and classrooms with interactive whiteboards that meet hygienic requirements.
Workshops for labor training should have an area of 6 square meters per one workplace... Carpentry workshops are equipped with workbenches, placed either at an angle of 45 degrees to the window, or in 3 rows perpendicular to the light-carrying wall, so that the light falls from the left. The distance between the workbenches must be at least 0.8 meters.
In locksmiths, both left-side and right-side lighting are allowed, with workbenches perpendicular to the light-carrying wall. The distance between the rows of single workbenches must be at least 1 meter, for two-seat ones - 1.5 meters.
Also, new sanitary rules and regulations determine the requirements for home economics offices.
For first graders attending after-school groups, there should be separate sleeping rooms for boys and girls.
4. Requirements for air-thermal conditions. The normalized temperature in the premises has become higher than that provided by the previous SanPin: the temperature in the classrooms should be 18-24 degrees C (previously 18-20); in the gym, workshops 17-20 degrees C (previously 15-17).
5. Natural light requirements.
In classrooms, the light coefficient (SK = the ratio of the area of the glazed surface to the area of the floor) must correspond to at least 1: 6. It is recommended to use curtains made of light-colored fabrics with a sufficient degree of light transmission and good light-scattering properties. The use of curtains (curtains), including curtains with lambrequins, made of PVC film and other curtains or devices that limit natural illumination, is not allowed.
6. Requirements for artificial lighting.
Provides fluorescent lighting using lamps in the light spectrum: white, warm white, and natural white.
7. Hygienic requirements for the regime of the educational process.
The maximum allowable load in academic hours (for 5 and 6 days) increased by 1 hour. This means an additional physical education lesson for primary school students.
The lesson schedule is compiled separately for compulsory and optional lessons. Also, the schedule of lessons is drawn up taking into account the daily and weekly mental performance of students and a scale of difficulty academic subjects... At the same time, the scale of the difficulty of objects has changed: instead of one table I.G. Sivkov introduced 3 scales of difficulty of subjects for grades 1-4, 5-9, 10-11.
The weight of a daily set of textbooks and writing utensils should not exceed: for students in grades 1-2 - more than 1.5 kg; 3-4 classes - more than 2 kg; 5-6 classes - more than 2.5 kg; 7-8 grades - more than 3.5 kg; 9-11 grades - no more than 4 kg. In order to prevent postural disorders, it is recommended for primary grades have two sets of textbooks: one for use in the classroom at school, the other for preparing homework.
8. Requirements for the organization of medical care for students.
Students are admitted to classes in educational institutions after suffering an illness only with a certificate from a pediatrician. In order to detect lice infestation, at least 4 times a year after each vacation and monthly selectively (grades 4-5), medical personnel must conduct examinations of children.
9... The requirement to comply with these sanitary regulations and norms.
The head of an educational institution is the person responsible for the organization and completeness of the implementation of these SanPin, including ensuring:
The presence of these SanPin in the institution and bringing their content to all employees;
Compliance with the requirements of sanitary rules and norms by all employees of the institution;
Necessary conditions for their observance;
Recruitment of persons who have access for health reasons, who have undergone professional and hygienic training and certification;
Availability of medical books for each employee and their timely passage of periodic medical examinations;
Organization of measures for disinsection, disinfection and deratization;
Availability of first aid kits for primary medical care and their timely replenishment.
Details with new sanitary regulations and the norms can be found on the website of the Office.
3.1. Territory educational organization must be fenced and landscaped. The absence of fencing of the territory is allowed only from the side of the building walls directly adjacent to the carriageway of the street or pedestrian sidewalk. Landscaping with trees and shrubs is carried out taking into account climatic conditions.
dated 25.12.2013 N 72)
It is recommended to plant greenery on the basis of 50% of the area free from buildings, including along the perimeter of the territory. For the regions of the Far North, as well as in cities in conditions of the existing (dense) urban development, it is allowed to reduce greening by 25-30% of the area of the territory free from buildings.
(as amended by the Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation of December 25, 2013 N 72)
When landscaping the territory, trees and shrubs with poisonous fruits, poisonous and thorny plants are not planted.
(as amended by the Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation of December 25, 2013 N 72)
3.2. On the territory of the general educational organization, the following zones are distinguished: a recreation area, physical culture and sports and economic. Allocation of a training and experimental zone is allowed.
(as amended by the Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation of December 25, 2013 N 72)
When organizing a training and experimental zone, it is not allowed to reduce the physical culture and sports zone and the recreation area.
3.3. It is recommended to place the physical culture and sports zone from the side of the sports hall. When placing a physical culture and sports zone from the side of the windows of classrooms, noise levels in classrooms should not exceed hygienic standards for residential, public buildings and residential areas.
When installing treadmills and sports grounds (volleyball, basketball, for playing handball), drainage must be provided to prevent them from flooding with rainwater.
The equipment of the physical culture and sports zone must ensure the implementation of the programs of the subject "Physical culture", as well as the conduct of sectional sports lessons and recreational activities.
Sports and playgrounds must have a hard surface, a football field - grass. Synthetic and polymer coatings must be frost-resistant, equipped with gutters and must be made of materials that are harmless to the health of children.
Classes on damp sites with irregularities and potholes are not carried out.
Physical culture and sports equipment must correspond to the height and age of the students.
3.4. For the implementation of the programs of the subject "Physical culture", it is allowed to use sports facilities (playgrounds, stadiums) located near the institution and equipped in accordance with the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the design and maintenance of physical culture and sports places.
3.5. When designing and building educational institutions on the territory, it is necessary to provide for a recreation area for organizing outdoor games and recreation for students attending extended day groups, as well as for the implementation of educational programs that provide for outdoor activities.
(as amended by the Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation of December 25, 2013 N 72)
3.6. The economic zone is located on the side of the entrance to industrial premises dining room and has an independent entrance from the street. In the absence of district heating and centralized water supply in the territory economic zone place a boiler room and a pumping room with a water tank.
3.7. In the economic zone, a waste collection area is equipped at a distance of at least 20 m from the building. On a hard-surfaced site, containers with tight-fitting lids are installed. The dimensions of the site should exceed the area of the base of the containers by 1.0 m on all sides. It is allowed to use other special closed structures for collecting garbage and food waste, including placing them on the adjacent to the territory of the general educational organization container sites residential development.
(as amended by the Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation
Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation of December 29, 2010 N 189, Moscow "On the approval of SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10" Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions and organization of training in educational institutions ""
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Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation of December 29, 2010 N 189, Moscow "On the approval of SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10" Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions and organization of training in educational institutions ""
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Date of first official publication: March 16, 2011 Published: in"RG" - Federal issue No. 5430March 16, 2011 Effective September 1, 2011
Registration N 19993
In accordance with Federal law dated 30.03.1999 N 52-FZ "On the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population" (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1999, N 14, Art. 1650; 2002, N 1 (part 1), Art. 2; 2003, N 2, Art. 167; 2003, N 27 (part 1), Art. 2700; 2004, N 35, Art. 3607; 2005, N 19, Art. 1752; 2006, N 1, Art. 10; 2006, N 52 ( part 1), art.5498; 2007, N 1 (part 1), art.21; 2007, N 1 (part 1), art.29; 2007, N 27, art. 3213; 2007, N 46 , Art. 5554; 2007, N 49, Art. 6070; 2008, N 24, Art. 2801; 2008, N 29 (part 1), Art. 3418; 2008, N 30 (part 2), Art. 3616 ; 2008, N 44, Art. 4984; 2008, N 52 (part 1), Art. 6223; 2009, N 1, Art. 17; 2010, N 40, Art. 4969) and the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 24.07. 2000 N 554 "On Approval of the Regulations on the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Russian Federation and the Regulations on the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Standards" (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2000, N 31, Art. 3295; 2004, N 8, Art. 663; 2004, 47, Art. 4666; 2005, N 39, Art. 3953) I decree:
1. To approve the sanitary and epidemiological rules and standards SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10 "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions and organization of training in educational institutions" (appendix).
2. Introduce the specified sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations from September 1, 2011.
3. Since the introduction of SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10, the sanitary and epidemiological rules and standards of SanPiN 2.4.2.1178-02 "Hygienic requirements for training conditions in educational institutions", approved by the decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation, First Deputy Minister of Health Of the Russian Federation of 28.11.2002 N 44 (registered with the Ministry of Justice of Russia on 05.12.2002, registration number 3997), SanPiN 2.4.2.2434-08 "Amendment N 1 to SanPiN 2.4.2.1178-02", approved by the decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation of December 26, 2008 N 72 (registered with the Ministry of Justice of Russia on January 28, 2009, registration number 13189).
G. Onishchenko
Application
Sanitary and Epidemiological Requirements for the Conditions and Organization of Education in General Education Institutions
Sanitary and Epidemiological Rules and Norms SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10
I. General Provisions and scope
1.1. These sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations (hereinafter - sanitary rules) are aimed at protecting the health of students in the implementation of activities for their education and upbringing in educational institutions.
1.2. These sanitary rules establish sanitary and epidemiological requirements for:
Placement of a general education institution;
Territory of a general education institution;
General education building;
Equipment of premises of a general educational institution;
Air-thermal regime of a general educational institution;
Natural and artificial lighting;
Water supply and sewerage;
Premises and equipment of educational institutions located in adapted buildings;
The mode of the educational process;
Medical service organizations for students;
The sanitary condition and maintenance of a general educational institution;
Compliance with sanitary rules.
1.3. Sanitary rules apply to designed, operating, under construction and reconstructed educational institutions, regardless of their type, organizational and legal forms and forms of ownership.
These sanitary rules apply to all educational institutions that implement programs of primary general, basic general and secondary (complete) general education and carry out the educational process in accordance with the levels of general education programs of three levels of general education:
first stage - initial general education(hereinafter - I stage of education);
second stage - basic general education (hereinafter - II stage of education);
third stage - secondary (complete) general education (hereinafter - III stage of education).
1.4. These sanitary rules are binding on all citizens, legal entities and individual entrepreneurs whose activities are related to the design, construction, reconstruction, operation of educational institutions, education and training of students.
1.5. Educational activities subject to licensing in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation. A condition for making a decision on issuing a license is the submission by the license applicant of a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion on the compliance with the sanitary rules of buildings, territories, premises, equipment and other property, the regime of the educational process, which the license applicant intends to use for educational activities *.
1.6. If there are preschool groups in the institution that implement the main general educational program preschool education, their activities are regulated by sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the design, maintenance and organization of the mode of operation of preschool organizations.
1.7. The use of the premises of educational institutions for other purposes is not allowed.
1.8. Control over the implementation of these sanitary rules is carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation by the authorized federal executive body exercising control and supervision functions in the field of ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population, protecting the rights of consumers and the consumer market and its territorial bodies.
II. Requirements for the placement of educational institutions
2.1. Providing land plots for the construction of educational institutions is allowed if there is a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion on compliance land plot sanitary rules.
2.2. Buildings of educational institutions should be located in the residential area, outside sanitary protection zones enterprises, structures and other facilities, sanitary breaks, garages, parking lots, highways, railway facilities, subways, take-off and landing routes of air transport.
To ensure regulatory levels of insolation and natural lighting in rooms and playgrounds when placing buildings of educational institutions, sanitary breaks from residential and public buildings must be observed.
Main engineering communications for urban (rural) purposes - water supply, sewerage, heat supply, energy supply - should not pass through the territory of educational institutions.
2.3. Newly constructed buildings of educational institutions are placed on the intra-quarter territories of residential neighborhoods, remote from city streets, inter-quarter driveways at a distance that provides noise and pollution levels atmospheric air the requirements of sanitary rules and regulations.
2.4. When designing and building city educational institutions, it is recommended to provide for pedestrian accessibility of institutions located:
In climatic zones II and III - no more than 0.5 km;
In the I climatic region (I subzone) for students of the I and II stages of education - no more than 0.3 km, for students of the III stage of education - no more than 0.4 km;
In the I climatic region (II subzone) for students of the I and II stages of education - no more than 0.4 km, for students of the III stage of education - no more than 0.5 km.
2.5. In rural areas, pedestrian accessibility for students of educational institutions:
In the II and III climatic zones for students of the I stage of education is no more than 2.0 km;
For students of the II and III stages of education - no more than 4.0 km, in the I climatic zone - 1.5 and 3 km, respectively.
At distances exceeding those indicated for students of educational institutions located in rural areas, it is necessary to organize transport services to the educational institution and back. Travel time should not exceed 30 minutes one way.
Students are transported by a specially designated vehicle designed for the transportation of children.
The optimal pedestrian approach of students to the gathering place at the stop should be no more than 500 m. For rural areas, an increase in the radius of pedestrian accessibility to the stop up to 1 km is allowed.
2.6. It is recommended for students living at a distance exceeding the maximum permissible transport service, as well as in case of transport unavailability during unfavorable weather conditions, to provide a boarding school at a general educational institution.
III. Requirements for the territory of educational institutions
3.1. The territory of a general education institution should be fenced and landscaped. Landscaping of the territory is provided for at least 50% of the area of its territory. When placing the territory of a general education institution on the border with forest and garden areas, it is allowed to reduce the area of landscaping by 10%.
Trees are planted at a distance of at least 15.0 m, and shrubs at least 5.0 m from the building of the institution. When landscaping the territory, trees and shrubs with poisonous fruits are not used in order to prevent the occurrence of poisoning in students.
It is allowed to reduce tree and shrub gardening in the territories of educational institutions in the Far North, taking into account the special climatic conditions in these areas.
3.2. On the territory of a general educational institution, the following zones are distinguished: a recreation area, physical culture and sports and economic. Allocation of a training and experimental zone is allowed.
When organizing a training and experimental zone, it is not allowed to reduce the physical culture and sports zone and the recreation area.
3.3. It is recommended to place the physical culture and sports zone from the side of the sports hall. When placing a physical culture and sports zone from the side of the windows of classrooms, noise levels in classrooms should not exceed hygienic standards for residential, public buildings and residential areas.
When installing treadmills and sports grounds (volleyball, basketball, for playing handball), drainage must be provided to prevent them from flooding with rainwater.
The equipment of the physical culture and sports zone must ensure the implementation of the programs of the subject "Physical culture", as well as the conduct of sectional sports lessons and recreational activities.
Sports and playgrounds must have a hard surface, a football field - grass. Synthetic and polymer coatings must be frost-resistant, equipped with gutters and must be made of materials that are harmless to the health of children.
Classes on damp sites with irregularities and potholes are not carried out.
Physical culture and sports equipment must correspond to the height and age of the students.
3.4. For the implementation of the programs of the subject "Physical culture", it is allowed to use sports facilities (playgrounds, stadiums) located near the institution and equipped in accordance with the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the design and maintenance of physical culture and sports places.
3.5. When designing and building educational institutions on the territory, it is necessary to provide a recreation area for organizing outdoor games and recreation for students attending extended day groups, as well as for the implementation of educational programs that include outdoor activities.
3.6. The economic zone is located on the side of the entrance to the industrial premises of the canteen and has an independent entrance from the street. In the absence of district heating and centralized water supply, a boiler room and a pumping room with a water tank are placed on the territory of the economic zone.
3.7. To collect waste on the territory of the economic zone, a site is equipped on which garbage collectors (containers) are installed. The site is located at a distance of at least 25.0 m from the entrance to the catering unit and the windows of classrooms and classrooms and is equipped with a waterproof hard coating, the dimensions of which exceed the base area of the containers by 1.0 m in all directions. Waste containers should have tight-fitting lids.
3.8. Entrances and entrances to the territory, driveways, paths to outbuildings, to areas for waste bins are covered with asphalt, concrete and other hard surfaces.
3.9. The territory of the institution should have outdoor artificial lighting. The level of artificial illumination on the ground must be at least 10 lux.
3.10. The location on the territory of buildings and structures that are functionally unrelated to a general educational institution is not allowed.
3.11. If there are preschool groups in a general education institution that implement the main general educational program of preschool education, a play area is allocated on the territory, equipped in accordance with the requirements for the structure, content and organization of the mode of operation of preschool organizations.
3.12. Noise levels on the territory of a general education institution should not exceed hygienic standards for premises of residential, public buildings and residential areas.
IV. Building requirements
4.1. Architectural and planning solutions of the building should provide:
Allocation of primary school classrooms with exits to the site into a separate block;
Location of recreational facilities in close proximity to classrooms;
Accommodation on the upper floors (above the third floor) of classrooms and classrooms attended by students in grades 8-11, administrative and utility rooms;
Elimination of the harmful effects of environmental factors in a general education institution on the life and health of students;
Placement of educational workshops, assembly and sports halls of educational institutions, their total area, as well as a set of premises for circle work, depending on local conditions and the capabilities of a general educational institution, in compliance with the requirements of building codes and regulations and these sanitary rules.
Previously constructed buildings of educational institutions are operated in accordance with the project.
4.2. It is not allowed to use basements and basements for training rooms, offices, laboratories, training workshops, medical premises, sports, dance and assembly halls.
4.3. The capacity of newly built or reconstructed educational institutions should be calculated for training in only one shift.
4.4. The entrances to the building can be equipped with vestibules or air and air-thermal curtains, depending on the climatic zone and design temperature outside air, in accordance with the requirements of building codes.
4.5. When designing, constructing and reconstructing a building of a general educational institution, wardrobes must be placed on the 1st floor with the obligatory equipment of seats for each class. Wardrobes are equipped with clothes hangers and shoe compartments.
In existing buildings for primary school students, it is possible to place a wardrobe in recreation, provided that they are equipped with individual lockers.
In institutions located in rural areas, with the number of students in one class no more than 10 people, it is allowed to arrange wardrobes (hangers or lockers) in classrooms, subject to the norm of the area of the classroom for 1 student.
4.6. Students of the primary general education school must study in the classrooms assigned to each class.
4.7. In newly constructed buildings of general education institutions, it is recommended to allocate educational premises for primary classes in a separate block (building), group them into educational sections.
In educational sections (blocks) for students of 1-4 grades, they place: classrooms with recreation, game rooms for extended day groups (at the rate of at least 2.5 m 2 per student), toilets.
For 1st grade students attending extended day groups, sleeping rooms with an area of at least 4.0 m should be provided 2 for one child.
4.8. For students of the II - III stage of education, it is allowed to organize the educational process according to the classroom system.
If it is impossible to ensure in classrooms and laboratories the correspondence of educational furniture to the growth and age characteristics of students, it is not recommended to use an office training system.
In educational institutions located in rural areas, with a small number of classes, it is allowed to use classrooms in two or more disciplines.
4.9. The area of study rooms is taken without taking into account the area required for placing additional furniture (cabinets, cabinets, etc.) for storage teaching aids and equipment used in the educational process, based on:
Not less than 2.5 m 2 for 1 student in frontal forms of classes;
Not less than 3.5 m 2 per 1 student in the organization of group forms of work and individual lessons.
In newly constructed and reconstructed buildings of educational institutions, the height of classrooms must be at least 3.6 m 2 .
The estimated number of students in classes is determined based on the calculation of the area per student and the arrangement of furniture in accordance with section V of these sanitary rules.
4.10. In chemistry, physics, biology offices, laboratory assistants should be equipped.
4.11. The area of informatics rooms and other rooms where personal computers are used must comply with the hygienic requirements for personal computers and work organization.
4.12. The set and area of premises for extracurricular activities, circles and sections must comply with the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for institutions additional education children.
When placing a sports hall on the 2nd floor and above, sound and vibration isolation measures must be taken.
The number and types of gyms are provided depending on the type of educational institution and its capacity.
4.14. At sports halls in existing educational institutions, slugs must be provided; dressing rooms for boys and girls. It is recommended to equip sports halls with separate showers and toilets for boys and girls.
4.15. In newly constructed buildings of educational institutions at sports halls, the following should be provided: premises for storing cleaning equipment and preparing disinfecting and washing solutions with an area of at least 4.0 m 2 ; separate dressing rooms for boys and girls with an area of at least 14.0 m 2 each; separate shower rooms for boys and girls with an area of at least 12 m 2 each; separate toilets for boys and girls with an area of at least 8.0 m 2 each. Toilets or changing rooms are equipped with sinks for washing hands.
4.16. When arranging swimming pools in educational institutions, planning solutions and its operation must meet hygienic requirements for the design, operation of swimming pools and water quality.
4.17. In educational institutions, it is necessary to provide for a set of premises for organizing meals for students in accordance with the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the organization of meals for students in educational institutions, institutions of primary and secondary vocational education.
4.18. During the construction and reconstruction of buildings of educational institutions, it is recommended to provide an assembly hall, the dimensions of which are determined by the number of seats at the rate of 0.65 m 2 per seat.
4.19. The type of library depends on the type of educational institution and its capacity. In institutions with in-depth study individual items, gymnasiums and lyceums, the library should be used as a reference and information center for a general education institution.
The area of the library (information center) must be taken at the rate of at least 0.6 m 2 per student.
With equipment information centers computer technology must comply with the hygienic requirements for personal computers and work organization.
4.20. Recreation of educational institutions should be provided for at least 0.6 m 2 for 1 student.
The width of the recreations with a one-sided arrangement of classes should be at least 4.0 m, with a two-sided arrangement of classes - at least 6.0 m.
When designing a recreation area in the form of halls, the area is set at the rate of 2 m 2 per student.
4.21. In the existing buildings of educational institutions for medical care of students, there should be medical premises on the ground floor of the building, located in a single block: a doctor's office with an area of at least 14.0 m 2 and a length of at least 7.0 m (to determine the acuity of hearing and vision of students) and a procedural (vaccination) room with an area of at least 14.0 m 2 .
In educational institutions located in rural areas, it is allowed to organize medical services at feldsher-obstetric points and outpatient clinics.
4.22. For newly built and reconstructed buildings of educational institutions, the following premises for medical care should be equipped: a doctor's office with a length of at least 7.0 m (for determining the hearing and visual acuity of students) with an area of at least 21.0 m 2 ; treatment and vaccination rooms with an area of at least 14.0 m 2 each; a room for the preparation of disinfectant solutions and storage of cleaning equipment intended for medical premises, with an area of at least 4.0 m 2; toilet.
When equipping a dental office, its area should be at least 12.0 m 2 .
All medical facilities should be grouped in one block and located on the 1st floor of the building.
4.23. The doctor's office, procedural, vaccination and dental offices are equipped in accordance with the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for organizations that carry out medical activity... The vaccination room is equipped in accordance with the requirements for the organization of immunization of infectious diseases.
4.24. For children in need of psychological and pedagogical assistance, in general educational institutions, separate rooms of a teacher-psychologist and a teacher-speech therapist with an area of at least 10 m2 are provided. 2 each.
4.25. Toilets for boys and girls, equipped with cabins with doors, should be located on each floor. The number of sanitary appliances is determined from the calculation: 1 toilet for 20 girls, 1 washbasin for 30 girls: 1 toilet, 1 urinal and 1 washbasin for 30 boys. The area of sanitary facilities for boys and girls should be taken at the rate of at least 0.1 m 2 per student.
A separate bathroom is allocated for the staff at the rate of 1 toilet for 20 people.
In previously constructed buildings of educational institutions, the number of sanitary facilities and sanitary appliances is allowed in accordance with the design decision.
In sanitary facilities, pedal buckets, toilet paper holders are installed; an electric towel or paper towel holder is placed next to the sinks. The sanitary equipment must be in good working order, without chips, cracks or other defects. The entrances to the bathrooms are not allowed to be located opposite the entrance to the classrooms.
Toilet bowls are equipped with seats made of materials that can be treated with detergents and disinfectants.
For students of II and III levels of education in newly constructed and reconstructed buildings of educational institutions, personal hygiene rooms are provided at the rate of 1 cabin for 70 people with an area of at least 3.0 m 2 ... They are equipped with a bidet or tray with a flexible hose, a toilet and a washbasin with cold and hot water.
For previously constructed buildings of educational institutions, it is recommended to equip personal hygiene booths in washrooms.
4.26. In newly constructed buildings of educational institutions, on each floor, there will be a room for storing and processing cleaning equipment, preparing disinfection solutions, equipped with a pallet and a supply of cold and hot water to it. In previously constructed buildings of educational institutions, a separate place is allocated for storing all cleaning equipment (except for equipment intended for cleaning the premises of the catering unit and medical purposes), which is equipped with a wardrobe.
4.27. In the premises of primary classes, laboratory, classrooms (chemistry, physics, drawing, biology), workshops, home economics offices, in all medical premises, washbasins are installed.
The installation of sinks in classrooms should be provided, taking into account the age-specific characteristics of students: at a height of 0.5 m from the floor to the side of the sink for students in grades 1 - 4 and at a height of 0.7 - 0.8 m from the floor to the side of the sink for students in grades 5 - 11. Pedal buckets and toilet paper holders are installed near the sinks. Electric or paper towels and soap are placed next to the washbasins. Soap, toilet paper and towels must be available at all times.
4.28. The ceilings and walls of all rooms should be smooth, without cracks, cracks, deformations, signs of fungal lesions and allow them to be cleaned with a wet method using disinfectants. It is allowed in classrooms, classrooms, recreation and other premises to equip suspended ceilings from materials permitted for use in educational institutions, provided that the height of the premises is maintained at least 2.75 m, and in newly constructed premises, at least 3.6 m.
4.29. Floors in classrooms and classrooms and recreational areas should be plank, parquet, tile or linoleum. In the case of using a tiled surface, the surface of the tile must be matte and rough, non-slip. It is recommended to cover the floors of toilet and washrooms with ceramic tiles.
The floors in all rooms must be free of cracks, defects and mechanical damage.
4.30. In medical premises, the surfaces of the ceiling, walls and floor must be smooth, allowing them to be cleaned with a wet method and resistant to the action of detergents and disinfectants approved for use in medical premises.
4.31. All construction and finishing materials must be harmless to the health of children.
4.32. In a general education institution and a school boarding school, it is not allowed to carry out all types of repair work in the presence of students.
4.33. The structure of a general education institution as a structural unit may include a boarding school at a general education institution, if the general education institution is located in excess of the maximum permissible transport service.
The boarding school building at a general education institution can be detached, as well as be part of the main building of a general education institution with its allocation into an independent block with a separate entrance.
The premises of the boarding school at a general educational institution should include:
Separate sleeping rooms for boys and girls with an area of at least 4.0 m 2 for one person;
Self-study rooms with an area of at least 2.5 m 2 for one person;
Rest rooms and psychological relief;
Washrooms (1 sink for 10 people), toilets (1 toilet for 10 girls, 1 toilet and 1 urinal for 20 boys, each toilet has 1 sink for washing hands), showers (1 shower net for 20 people), a hygiene room. Toilets are equipped with pedal buckets, toilet paper holders; electric or paper towels and soap are placed next to washbasins. Soap, toilet paper and towels must be available at all times;
Drying rooms for clothes and shoes;
Rooms for washing and ironing personal items;
Storage room for personal belongings;
Medical service area: doctor's office and
Insulator;
Administrative premises.
The equipment, decoration of premises and their maintenance must comply with the hygienic requirements for the arrangement, maintenance, organization of the operating mode in orphanages and boarding schools for orphans and children left without parental care.
For a newly built boarding school at a general education institution, the main building of the general education institution and the boarding school building are connected by a warm transition.
4.34. Noise levels in the premises of a general educational institution should not exceed hygienic standards for premises of residential, public buildings and residential areas
V. Requirements for premises and equipment
educational institutions
5.1. The number of workplaces for students should not exceed the capacity of the general education institution, provided for by the project, according to which the building was built (reconstructed).
Each student is provided with a workplace (at a desk or table, game modules and others) in accordance with his growth.
5.2. Depending on the purpose of classrooms, various types of student furniture can be used: a school desk, student tables (single and double), classroom tables, drawing or laboratory tables complete with chairs, desks and others. Stools or benches are not used instead of chairs.
Student furniture must be made of materials that are harmless to the health of children and meet the growth and age characteristics of children and the requirements of ergonomics.
5.3. The main type of student furniture for students of the I stage of education should be a school desk, provided with a regulator of the inclination of the surface of the working plane. When teaching writing and reading, the slope of the working surface of the plane of the school desk should be 7 - 15. The front edge of the seat surface should go beyond the front edge of the working plane of the desk by 4 cm at desks of the 1st number, by 5 - 6 cm - by the 2nd and 3rd numbers, and by 7 - 8 cm at the desks of the 4th number.
The sizes of educational furniture, depending on the height of the students, must correspond to the values given in table 1.
Table 1
A combined version of using different types of student furniture (desks, desks) is allowed.
Depending on the height group, the height above the floor of the front edge of the desk top facing the student should have the following values: with a body length of 1150 - 1300 mm - 750 mm, 1300 - 1450 mm - 850 mm and 1450 - 1600 mm - 950 mm. The tilt angle of the table top is 15 - 17.
The duration of continuous work at the office for students of the I stage of education should not exceed 7-10 minutes, and for students of the II-III stage of education - 15 minutes.
5.4. To select educational furniture according to the growth of students, its color marking is made, which is applied to the visible lateral outer surface of the table and chair in the form of a circle or stripes.
5.5. Desks (tables) are arranged in classrooms by numbers: smaller ones are closer to the board, larger ones are farther away. For children with hearing impairments, desks should be placed in the first row.
Children who often suffer from acute respiratory infections, tonsillitis, colds should be seated further from the outer wall.
At least twice during the academic year, students sitting on the extreme rows, 1 and 3 rows (with a three-row arrangement of desks), are interchanged, without violating the correspondence of the furniture to their height.
In order to prevent postural disorders, it is necessary to educate the correct working posture in students from the first days of attending classes in accordance with the recommendations of Appendix 1 of these sanitary rules.
5.6. When equipping classrooms, the following dimensions of aisles and distances in centimeters are observed:
Between rows of double tables - at least 60;
Between the row of tables and the outer longitudinal wall - not less than 50 - 70;
Between a row of tables and an internal longitudinal wall (partition) or cabinets along this wall - at least 50;
From the last tables to the wall (partition) opposite the chalkboard - at least 70, from the back wall, which is the outer one, - 100;
From a demonstration table to a chalkboard - at least 100;
From the first school desk to the blackboard - no less than 240;
The greatest distance last place student from the chalkboard - 860;
The height of the lower edge of the training board above the floor - 70 - 90;
The distance from the chalkboard to the first row of tables in offices of a square or transverse configuration with a four-row arrangement of furniture is at least 300.
The angle of visibility of the board from the edge of the board with a length of 3.0 m to the middle of the outermost place of the student at the front table must be at least 35 degrees for students of the II-III stage of education and at least 45 degrees for students of the I stage of education.
The place of study farthest from the windows should not be further than 6.0 m.
In educational institutions of the first climatic region, the distance of tables (desks) from the outer wall must be at least 1.0 m.
When installing the desks, in addition to the main student's furniture, they are placed behind the last row of tables or the first row from the wall opposite the light-carrying one, in compliance with the requirements for the dimensions of the aisles and the distances between the equipment.
This furniture arrangement does not apply to classrooms equipped with interactive whiteboards.
In newly constructed and reconstructed buildings of educational institutions, it is necessary to provide for a rectangular configuration of classrooms and classrooms with student tables along the windows and left-sided natural lighting.
5.7. Blackboards (using chalk) should be made of materials that adhere well to the materials used for writing, clean well with a damp sponge, be durable, have a dark green color and be anti-reflective.
Chalkboards should have trays for trapping chalk dust, storing chalk, rags, and a holder for drawing accessories.
When using a whiteboard, the color of the marker should be contrasting (black, red, brown, dark blue and green).
It is allowed to equip classrooms and classrooms with interactive whiteboards that meet hygienic requirements. Using interactive whiteboard and the projection screen, it is necessary to ensure its uniform illumination and the absence of high-brightness light spots.
5.8. Physics and chemistry classrooms should be equipped with special demonstration tables. To ensure better visibility of the teaching aids, the demonstration table is installed on the podium. Student and demonstration tables must be resistant to aggressive chemical substances cover and protective sides along the outer edge of the table.
The chemistry room and laboratory room are equipped with fume hoods.
5.9. The equipment of informatics rooms must comply with the hygienic requirements for personal computers and work organization.
5.10. Workshops for vocational training must have an area of 6.0 m 2 for 1 workplace. Placement of equipment in workshops is carried out taking into account the creation of favorable conditions for visual work and maintaining the correct working posture.
Carpentry workshops are equipped with workbenches, placed either at an angle of 45 to the window, or in 3 rows perpendicular to the light-carrying wall so that the light falls from the left. The distance between the workbenches should be at least 0.8 m in the front-rear direction.
In locksmiths, both left-side and right-side lighting with a perpendicular arrangement of workbenches to the light-carrying wall is allowed. The distance between the rows of single workbenches should be at least 1.0 m, for double workbenches - 1.5 m. The vise is attached to the workbenches at a distance of 0.9 m between their axes. Locksmith's workbenches must be equipped with a safety net with a height of 0.65 - 0.7 m.
Drilling, grinding and other machines must be installed on a special foundation and equipped with safety nets, glass and local lighting.
Joiner's and locksmith's workbenches should be appropriate for the height of the students and equipped with footrests.
The dimensions of the tools used for carpentry and locksmith work must correspond to the age and height of the students (Appendix 2 of these sanitary rules).
Locksmith and carpentry workshops and service workers' offices are equipped with washbasins with hot and cold water supply, electric towels or paper towels.
5.11. In newly constructed and reconstructed buildings of educational institutions in the home economics offices, it is necessary to provide for the presence of at least two rooms: for teaching the skills of cooking and for cutting and sewing.
5.12. In the home economics office, used for teaching cooking skills, it is planned to install two-cavity sinks with cold and hot water supply with a mixer, at least 2 tables with a hygienic coating, a refrigerator, an electric stove and a cupboard for storing dishes. Approved dishwashing detergents must be provided near sinks.
5.13. The home economics office, used for cutting and sewing, is equipped with tables for drawing patterns and cutting, sewing machines.
Sewing machines are installed along the windows to provide left-side natural light on the sewing machine working surface or opposite the window for direct (front) natural lighting of the working surface.
5.14. In the existing buildings of educational institutions, if there is one home economics office, a separate place is provided for placing an electric stove, cutting tables, a dishwasher and a washbasin.
5.15. Labor training workshops and a home economics office, gyms should be equipped with first aid kits for first aid.
5.16. The equipment of classrooms intended for art, choreography and music classes must comply with the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for institutions of additional education for children.
5.17. In playrooms, furniture, play and sports equipment must correspond to the growth data of students. Furniture should be placed around the perimeter of the playroom, thereby freeing up the maximum part of the area for outdoor games.
When using upholstered furniture, it is necessary to have removable covers (at least two), with their obligatory replacement at least 1 time a month and as they become dirty. Special cabinets are installed to store toys and aids.
Television sets are installed on special pedestals at a height of 1.0 - 1.3 m from the floor. When watching TV programs, the seating position must ensure a distance of at least 2 m from the screen to the students' eyes.
5.18. Sleeping rooms for first graders attending after-school classes should be separate for boys and girls. They are equipped with teenagers (1600 x 700 mm) or built-in single-tier beds. Beds in bedrooms are arranged in compliance with the minimum gaps: from the outer walls - at least 0.6 m, from heating devices - 0.2 m, the width of the passage between the beds - at least 1.1 m, between the headboards of two beds - 0.3 - 0.4 m.
Vi. Requirements for air-thermal conditions
6.1. The buildings of educational institutions are equipped with centralized heating and ventilation systems, which must comply with the design and construction standards of residential and public buildings and provide optimal parameters of the microclimate and air environment.
Steam heating is not used in institutions. When installing fences for heating devices, the materials used must be harmless to the health of children.
Fences made of chipboard and other polymer materials not allowed.
The use of portable heating devices, as well as heaters with infrared radiation is not allowed.
6.2. The air temperature, depending on climatic conditions in classrooms and offices, psychologist and speech therapist offices, laboratories, assembly hall, dining room, recreation, library, lobby, cloakroom should be 18 - 24 C; in the gym and rooms for section classes, workshops - 17 - 20 C; bedroom, playrooms, premises of preschool education and boarding schools - 20 - 24 C; medical offices, dressing rooms of the sports hall - 20 - 22 C, shower rooms - 25 C.
For control temperature regime classrooms and classrooms should be equipped with household thermometers.
6.3. During extracurricular hours, in the absence of children in the premises of a general educational institution, a temperature of at least 15 C.
6.4. In the premises of educational institutions, the relative humidity of the air should be 40 - 60%, the speed of air movement is not more than 0.1 m / s.
6.5. If there is stove heating in the existing buildings of educational institutions, the firebox is arranged in the corridor. To avoid indoor air pollution with carbon monoxide, the stove pipes are closed no earlier than the complete combustion of the fuel and no later than two hours before the arrival of the students.
For newly constructed and reconstructed buildings of educational institutions, stove heating is not allowed.
6.6. Classrooms are ventilated during recess and recreational areas during lessons. Before the start of classes and after their end, it is necessary to carry out end-to-end ventilation of the classrooms. The duration of through ventilation is determined by weather conditions, direction and speed of wind movement, and the efficiency of the heating system. Recommended duration of through ventilation is given in table 2.
6.7. Physical education lessons and classes sports sections should be performed in well-aerated gyms.
It is necessary during classes in the hall to open one or two windows on the leeward side when the outside air temperature is above plus 5 C and the wind speed is no more than 2 m / s. At a lower temperature and a higher air velocity, classes in the hall are carried out with one to three transoms open. At an outside air temperature below minus 10 C and an air speed of more than 7 m / s, through ventilation of the hall is carried out in the absence of students for 1 - 1.5 minutes; during big breaks and between shifts - 5 - 10 minutes.
When the air temperature reaches + 14 C, the ventilation in the gym should be stopped.
6.8. Windows should be equipped with hinged transoms with lever devices or vents. The area of transoms and vents used for ventilation in classrooms must be at least 1/50 of the floor area. Glasses and vents must function at any time of the year.
6.9. When replacing window blocks, the glazing area must be maintained or increased.
The plane of opening of the windows should provide a ventilation mode.
6.10. The glazing of the windows should be made of solid glass sheets. Broken glass must be replaced immediately.
6.11. Separate exhaust ventilation systems should be provided for the following premises: classrooms and offices, assembly halls, swimming pools, shooting galleries, a dining room, a medical center, a cinema room, sanitary facilities, premises for processing and storing cleaning equipment, carpentry and locksmiths workshops.
Mechanical exhaust ventilation is installed in workshops and service rooms where cookers are installed.
6.12. Concentration harmful substances in the air of the premises of educational institutions should not exceed the hygienic standards for the atmospheric air of populated areas.
Vii. Requirements for natural and artificial lighting
7.1. Daylight.
7.1.1. All classrooms must have natural lighting in accordance with the hygienic requirements for natural, artificial, combined lighting of residential and public buildings.
7.1.2. Without natural light, it is allowed to design: shell, washrooms, showers, toilets at the gym; showers and toilets for staff; storerooms and warehouses, radio centers; cinema and photo laboratories; book depositories; boilers, pumping water supply systems and sewerage systems; ventilation and air conditioning chambers; control units and other premises for the installation and management of engineering and technological equipment of buildings; premises for storing disinfectants.
7.1.3. In classrooms, lateral natural left-hand lighting should be designed. If the depth of the classrooms is more than 6 m, a right-side illumination must be installed, the height of which must be at least 2.2 m from the floor.
The direction of the main luminous flux in front and behind from the students is not allowed.
7.1.4. In apprenticeships, assembly halls and sports halls, double-sided lateral natural lighting can be used.
7.1.5. In the premises of educational institutions, normalized values of the coefficient of natural illumination (KEO) are provided in accordance with the hygienic requirements for natural, artificial, combined lighting of residential and public buildings.
7.1.6. In classrooms with one-sided lateral natural lighting, KEO on the working surface of the desks at the point farthest from the windows in the room should be at least 1.5%. With bilateral lateral natural lighting, the KEO indicator is calculated on the middle rows and should be 1.5%.
The light coefficient (SK - the ratio of the area of the glazed surface to the area of the floor) must be at least 1: 6.
7.1.7. The classroom windows should be oriented to the south, southeast and east sides of the horizon. The windows of drawing rooms, drawing rooms, as well as the kitchen room can be oriented to the northern sides of the horizon. The orientation of informatics classrooms is north, northeast.
7.1.8. Light openings of classrooms, depending on the climatic zone, are equipped with adjustable sun protection devices (swing-out blinds, fabric curtains) with a length not lower than the level of the window sill.
It is recommended to use curtains made of light-colored fabrics with a sufficient degree of light transmission, good light-scattering properties, which should not reduce the level of natural light. The use of curtains (curtains), including curtains with lambrequins, made of PVC film and other curtains or devices that limit natural light is not allowed.
When not in use, the curtains must be placed in the walls between the windows.
7.1.9. For rational use daylight and uniform illumination of classrooms should:
Do not paint over window panes;
Do not place flowers on the windowsills, they are placed in portable flower boxes 65 - 70 cm high from the floor or hanging pots in the walls between the windows;
Carry out cleaning and washing of glasses as soon as they become dirty, but at least 2 times a year (in autumn and spring).
The duration of insolation in classrooms and classrooms must be continuous, for a duration not less than:
2.5 h. In northern zone(north of 58 degrees N);
2.0 hours in the central zone (58 - 48 degrees N);
1.5 hours in the southern zone (south of 48 degrees N).
The absence of insolation is allowed in the classrooms of informatics, physics, chemistry, drawing and drafting, gyms, catering facilities, assembly hall, administrative and utility rooms.
7.2. Artificial lighting
7.2.1. In all premises of a general education institution, levels of artificial lighting are provided in accordance with the hygienic requirements for natural, artificial, combined lighting of residential and public buildings.
7.2.2. In classrooms, the general lighting system is provided by ceiling lights. Provides fluorescent lighting using lamps according to the spectrum of color emission: white, warm white, natural white.
Luminaires used for artificial illumination of classrooms must provide a favorable distribution of brightness in the field of view, which is limited by the discomfort indicator (Mt). The indicator of discomfort of the general lighting system for any workplace in the classroom should not exceed 40 units.
7.2.3. Do not use fluorescent lamps and incandescent lamps for general lighting in the same room.
7.2.4. In classrooms, classrooms, laboratories, the illumination levels must comply with the following standards: on work tables - 300 - 500 lux, in technical drawing and drawing rooms - 500 lux, in computer science rooms on tables - 300 - 500 lux, on a blackboard - 300 - 500 lux, in assembly and sports halls (on the floor) - 200 lux, in recreation (on the floor) - 150 lux.
When using computer technology and the need to combine the perception of information from the screen and recording in a notebook, the illumination on the students' tables should be at least 300 lux.
7.2.5. In classrooms, a general lighting system should be used. Luminaires with fluorescent lamps are located parallel to the light-carrying wall at a distance of 1.2 m from the outer wall and 1.5 m from the inner one.
7.2.6. The blackboard, which does not have its own glow, is equipped with local lighting - spotlights designed to illuminate the blackboards.
7.2.7. When designing an artificial lighting system for classrooms, it is necessary to provide for the separate inclusion of lamp lines.
7.2.8. For the rational use of artificial light and uniform illumination of classrooms, it is necessary to use finishing materials and paints that create a matte surface with reflection coefficients: for the ceiling - 0.7 - 0.9; for walls - 0.5 - 0.7; for the floor - 0.4 - 0.5; for furniture and desks - 0.45; for chalkboards - 0.1 - 0.2.
It is recommended to use the following paint colors: for ceilings - white, for walls of classrooms - light tones of yellow, beige, pink, green, blue; for furniture (wardrobes, desks) - natural wood color or light green; for chalkboards - dark green, dark brown; for doors, window frames - white.
7.2.9. It is necessary to clean the lighting fixtures of the luminaires as they become dirty, but at least 2 times a year and replace the burnt out lamps in a timely manner.
7.2.10. Defective, burnt-out fluorescent lamps are collected in a container in a specially designated room and sent for disposal in accordance with applicable regulatory documents.
VIII. Requirements for water supply and sewerage
8.1. The buildings of educational institutions should be equipped with centralized systems of domestic drinking water supply, sewerage and drainage systems in accordance with the requirements for public buildings and structures in terms of domestic drinking water supply and sewerage.
Cold and hot centralized water supply is provided for the premises of a general educational institution, preschool education and a boarding school at a general educational institution, including: catering facilities, a canteen, pantries, showers, washrooms, personal hygiene booths, medical premises, labor training workshops, home economics rooms, primary premises classes, drawing rooms, physics, chemistry and biology, laboratory, rooms for the processing of cleaning equipment and toilets in newly built and reconstructed educational institutions.
8.2. In the absence of locality centralized water supply in the existing buildings of educational institutions, it is necessary to ensure a continuous supply cold water in the premises of the catering unit, premises for medical purposes, toilets, boarding school premises at a general educational institution and preschool education and the installation of water heating systems.
8.3. General educational institutions provide water that meets the hygienic requirements for the quality and safety of drinking water supply.
8.4. In buildings of educational institutions, the canteen sewerage system should be separate from the rest and have an independent release into the external sewerage system. Risers of the sewage system from the upper floors should not pass through the production premises of the dining room.
8.5. In non-canalized rural areas, buildings of educational institutions are equipped with internal sewerage systems (such as backlash sockets), provided that local treatment facilities are installed. The equipment of outdoor toilets is allowed.
8.6. In educational institutions, the drinking regime of students is organized in accordance with the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the organization of meals for students in educational institutions, institutions of primary and secondary vocational education.
IX. Requirements for premises and equipment of educational institutions located in adapted buildings
9.1. Accommodation of educational institutions in adapted premises is possible for the duration of the overhaul(reconstruction) of the existing main buildings of educational institutions.
9.2. When placing a general education institution in an adapted building, it is necessary to have a mandatory set of premises: classrooms, premises for catering, medical premises, recreation, administrative premises, bathrooms, wardrobe.
9.3. The areas of classrooms and classrooms are determined based on the number of students in one class in accordance with the requirements of these sanitary rules.
9.4. If it is not possible to equip your own gym, you should use sports facilities located near a general educational institution, provided that they meet the requirements for the design and maintenance of physical culture and sports places.
9.5. For small general educational institutions located in rural areas, in the absence of the possibility to equip their own medical center, it is allowed to organize medical services at feldsher-obstetric points and outpatient clinics.
9.6. In the absence of a wardrobe, it is allowed to equip individual lockers located in recreation areas and corridors.
X. Hygienic requirements for the regime of the educational process
10.1. Optimal age of onset schooling- not earlier than 7 years. Children of the 8th or 7th year of life are admitted to the 1st grades. Children of the 7th year of life are admitted when they reach the age of at least 6 years 6 months by September 1 of the school year.
The occupancy of classes, with the exception of classes for compensatory education, should not exceed 25 people.
10.2. Teaching children under 6 years 6 months by the beginning of the school year should be carried out in a preschool educational institution or in a general educational institution in compliance with all hygienic requirements for the conditions and organization of the educational process for preschool children.
10.3. To prevent overwork of students in the annual calendar curriculum, it is recommended to provide for an even distribution of periods of study time and holidays.
10.4. Training sessions should begin no earlier than 8:00. Zero lessons are not permitted.
In institutions with in-depth study of individual subjects, lyceums and gymnasiums, training is carried out only in the first shift.
In institutions working in two shifts, the teaching of the 1st, 5th, final 9th and 11th grades and classes of compensatory education should be organized in the first shift.
Education in 3 shifts in educational institutions is not allowed.
10.5. The number of hours allotted for the development by students of the curriculum of a general education institution, consisting of a compulsory part and a part formed by the participants of the educational process, should not in aggregate exceed the value of the weekly educational load.
The value of the weekly educational load (the number of training sessions), realized through the lesson and extracurricular activities, is determined in accordance with table 3.
Organization profile training in grades 10-11 should not lead to an increase in the educational load. The choice of a training profile should be preceded by career guidance work.
10.6. The educational weekly load must be evenly distributed throughout the school week, while the volume of the maximum permissible load during the day should be:
For students of the 1st grade, it should not exceed 4 lessons and 1 day per week - no more than 5 lessons at the expense of a physical education lesson;
For students in grades 2-4 - no more than 5 lessons, and once a week 6 lessons at the expense of a physical education lesson with a 6-day school week;
For students in grades 5-6 - no more than 6 lessons;
For students in grades 7-11 - no more than 7 lessons.
The lesson schedule is compiled separately for compulsory and optional lessons. Extracurricular activities should be scheduled on days with the fewest required lessons. It is recommended that you take a break of at least 45 minutes between the start of the extracurricular activities and the last lesson.
10.7. The schedule of lessons is made taking into account the daily and weekly mental performance of students and the scale of difficulty of educational subjects (Appendix 3 of these sanitary rules).
10.8. When scheduling lessons, you should alternate subjects of different complexity throughout the day and week: for students of the I stage of education, basic subjects (mathematics, Russian and foreign language, natural history, computer science) alternate with music lessons, visual arts, labor, physical education; for students of the II and III stages of education, subjects of the natural and mathematical profile should be alternated with humanitarian subjects.
For students of the 1st grade, the most difficult subjects should be carried out in the 2nd lesson; 2 - 4 grades - 2 - 3 lessons; for students in grades 5 - 11 at 2 - 4 lessons.
V primary grades double lessons are not available.
During the school day, you should not carry out more than one test. Testing is recommended to be carried out in the 2nd - 4th lessons.
10.9. The duration of the lesson (academic hour) in all classes should not exceed 45 minutes, with the exception of the 1st grade, in which the duration is regulated by paragraph 10.10 of these sanitary rules, and the compensating class, in which the duration of the lesson should not exceed 40 minutes.
The density of the educational work of students in the classroom in the main subjects should be 60 - 80%.
10.10. Education in the 1st grade is carried out in compliance with the following additional requirements:
Training sessions are held for a 5-day school week and only on the first shift;
Using the "stepwise" mode of teaching in the first half of the year (in September, October - 3 lessons a day, 35 minutes each, in November - December - 4 lessons, 35 minutes each; January - May - 4 lessons, 45 minutes each) ;
For those visiting the extended day group, it is necessary to organize daytime sleep (at least 1 hour), 3 meals a day and walks;
Training is carried out without point assessment of students' knowledge and homework;
Additional weekly holidays in the middle of the third quarter in the traditional study mode.
10.11. To prevent fatigue and maintain an optimal level of performance during the week, students should have a light school day on Thursday or Friday.
10.12. The duration of the breaks between lessons is at least 10 minutes, the big break (after the 2nd or 3rd lessons) - 20 - 30 minutes. Instead of one big break, it is allowed to set two breaks of 20 minutes each after the 2nd and 3rd lessons.
Organizing outdoor activities is recommended. For this purpose, when carrying out daily dynamic pause it is recommended to increase the duration of the big break to 45 minutes, of which at least 30 minutes is allocated for organizing motor-active types of activities of students on the sports ground of the institution, in the gym or in recreation.
10.13. The break between shifts should be at least 30 minutes for wet cleaning in the premises and airing them, in case of an unfavorable epidemiological situation for disinfection treatment, the break is increased to 60 minutes.
10.14. Use in educational process innovative educational programs and technologies, class schedules, training modes are possible in the absence of their adverse effect on the functional state and health of students.
10.15. In small rural educational institutions, depending on the specific conditions, the number of students, their age characteristics, it is allowed to form complete classes from students at the first stage of education. In this case, the optimal is the separate training of students. different ages I stage of education.
When combining students of the first stage of education into a class-set, it is optimal to create it from two classes: 1 and 3 grades (1 + 3), 2 and 3 grades (2 + 3), 2 and 4 grades (2 + 4). To prevent fatigue of students, it is necessary to reduce the duration of combined (especially 4 and 5) lessons by 5 - 10 minutes. (except for a physical education lesson). The occupancy of the classes-sets must correspond to table 4.
10.16. In classes of compensatory education, the number of students should not exceed 20 people. Lessons should not be longer than 40 minutes. Correctional and developmental classes are included in the volume of the maximum permissible weekly load established for a student of each age.
Regardless of the length of the school week, the number of lessons per day should not be more than 5 in primary grades (except for the first grade) and more than 6 lessons in grades 5-11.
To prevent fatigue and maintain an optimal level of performance, a facilitated school day is organized - Thursday or Friday.
To facilitate and shorten the period of adaptation to the educational process of students in compensating classes, it is necessary to provide medical and psychological assistance carried out by educational psychologists, pediatricians, speech therapists, other specially trained pedagogical workers, as well as using information and communication technologies, visual aids.
10.17. In order to prevent fatigue, impaired posture and vision of students in the classroom, physical education and gymnastics for the eyes should be carried out (Appendix 4 and Appendix 5 of these sanitary rules).
10.18. It is necessary to alternate during the lesson various types of educational activities (with the exception of control works). Average continuous duration different types educational activities of students (reading from paper, writing, listening, questioning, etc.) in grades 1 - 4 should not exceed 7 - 10 minutes, in grades 5 - 11 - 10 - 15 minutes. The distance from the eyes to the notebook or book should be at least 25 - 35 cm for students in grades 1 - 4 and at least 30 - 45 cm for students in grades 5 - 11.
The duration of continuous use of technical teaching aids in the educational process is established in accordance with Table 5.
After using technical teaching aids related to visual stress, it is necessary to carry out a set of exercises to prevent eye fatigue (Appendix 5), and at the end of the lesson - physical exercises to prevent general fatigue (Appendix 4).
10.19. The mode of training and organization of the work of offices using computer technology must comply with the hygienic requirements for personal electronic computers and the organization of work on them.
10.20. To satisfy the biological need for movement, regardless of the age of students, it is recommended to conduct at least 3 lessons of physical culture per week, provided in the amount of the maximum permissible weekly load. It is not allowed to replace physical education lessons with other subjects.
10.21. To increase the physical activity of students, it is recommended educational plans for students to include subjects of a motor-active nature (choreography, rhythm, modern and ballroom dancing, training in traditional and national sports games).
10.22. The physical activity of students in addition to physical education lessons in the educational process can be provided by:
Physical education in accordance with the recommended set of exercises (Appendix 4);
Organized outdoor games during recess;
Sports hour for children attending an after-school group;
Extracurricular sports activities and competitions, school-wide sports events, health days;
Self-study physical education in sections and clubs.
10.23. Sports loads in physical education classes, competitions, extracurricular activities sports profile during a dynamic or sports hour must correspond to the age, health and physical fitness of students, as well as weather conditions (if they are organized outdoors).
The distribution of students into the main, preparatory and special groups for participation in physical culture and health-improving and sports events is carried out by the doctor, taking into account their state of health (or on the basis of certificates of their health). Students of the main physical culture group are allowed to participate in all physical culture and recreational activities in accordance with their age. With students of the preparatory and special groups, physical culture and health-improving work should be carried out taking into account the doctor's opinion.
Students assigned to the preparatory and special groups for health reasons are engaged in physical culture with a decrease in physical activity.
It is advisable to conduct physical education lessons in the open air. The possibility of carrying out physical education in the open air, as well as outdoor games, is determined by a set of indicators of meteorological conditions (temperature, relative humidity and air velocity) according to climatic zones(Appendix 7).
On rainy, windy and frosty days, physical education classes are held in the hall.
10.24. The motor density of physical culture lessons should be at least 70%.
Students are allowed to test physical fitness, participate in competitions and hiking trips with the permission of a medical worker. His presence at sporting events and in the classes in the swimming pools it is obligatory.
10.25. In labor classes provided for educational program, you should alternate tasks of different nature. You should not perform one type of activity in the lesson throughout the entire time of independent work.
10.26. All work in the workshops and cabinets of home economics students perform in special clothing(robe, apron, beret, kerchief). When performing work that poses a risk of eye damage, use protective goggles.
10.27. When organizing practice and classes in socially useful labor of students, provided for by the educational program, associated with a large physical activity(carrying and moving heavy loads), it is necessary to be guided by the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the safety of working conditions for workers under 18 years of age.
It is not allowed to involve students in work with harmful or hazardous working conditions, during which it is prohibited to use labor, persons under 18 years old, as well as cleaning sanitary facilities and common areas, washing windows and lamps, removing snow from roofs and other similar work.
For agricultural work (practice) in areas II climatic zone should be allotted mainly the first half of the day, and in regions of the III climatic zone - the second half of the day (16 - 17 hours) and hours with the least insolation. Agricultural implements used for work must be appropriate for the height and age of the students. The permissible duration of work for students 12-13 years old is 2 hours; for adolescents 14 years old and older - 3 hours. Every 45 minutes of work, you must take a regulated 15-minute rest break. Work on plots and premises treated with pesticides and agrochemicals is allowed within the time limits established by the State Catalog of Pesticides and Agrochemicals.
10.28. When organizing extended day groups, it is necessary to be guided by the recommendations set out in Appendix 6 of these sanitary rules.
10.29. Circle work in extended day groups should take into account age features students, to ensure a balance between motor-active and static classes and is organized in accordance with the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for institutions of additional education for children.
10.30. The volume of homework (in all subjects) should be such that the time spent on completing it does not exceed (in astronomical hours): in grades 2 - 3 - 1.5 hours, in grades 4 - 5 - 2 hours, in 6 - in 8 classes - 2.5 hours, in grades 9-11 - up to 3.5 hours.
10.31. When conducting final certification, it is not allowed to conduct more than one exam per day. The break between examinations must be at least 2 days. If the exam lasts 4 or more hours, it is necessary to organize meals for students.
10.32. The weight of a daily set of textbooks and writing utensils should not exceed: for students in grades 1 - 2 - more than 1.5 kg, for 3 - 4 grades - more than 2 kg; 5 - 6 - over 2.5 kg, 7 - 8 - over 3.5 kg, 9 - 11 - over 4.0 kg.
10.33. In order to prevent violations of posture of students, it is recommended for primary grades to have two sets of textbooks: one for use in the classroom in a general education institution, the second for preparing homework.
XI. Requirements for the organization of medical care for students and the passage of medical examinations by employees of educational institutions
11.1. In all educational institutions, medical care for students should be organized.
11.2. Medical examinations of students in general education institutions and pupils of preschool education units should be organized and carried out in accordance with the procedure established by the federal executive body in the field of health care.
11.3. Students are admitted to classes in a general education institution after suffering an illness only with a certificate from a pediatrician.
11.4. In all types of educational institutions, work is organized to prevent infectious and non-infectious diseases.
11.5. In order to detect lice infestation, at least 4 times a year after each vacation and monthly selectively (four to five classes), medical personnel must conduct examinations of children. Examinations (of the scalp and clothing) are carried out in a well-lit room using a magnifying glass and fine combs. After each inspection, the comb is poured over with boiling water or rubbed with a 70 solution of alcohol.
11.6. If scabies and head lice are found, students are suspended from visiting the institution for the duration of the treatment. They can be admitted to a general educational institution only after the completion of the entire complex of therapeutic and prophylactic measures, confirmed by a certificate from a doctor.
The question of preventive treatment of persons who have been in contact with a patient with scabies is decided by the doctor, taking into account the epidemiological situation. Those who were in close household contact, as well as whole groups, classes where several cases of scabies have been registered, or where, in the process of monitoring the outbreak, new patients are detected, are involved in this treatment. In organized groups where preventive treatment of contact persons was not carried out, examination skin trainees are carried out three times with an interval of 10 days.
If scabies is detected in the institution, current disinfection is carried out in accordance with the requirements territorial body exercising state sanitary and epidemiological supervision.
11.7. In the classroom journal, it is recommended to draw up a health sheet, in which for each student they enter information about anthropometric data, a health group, a group of physical education classes, health status, the recommended size of educational furniture, as well as medical recommendations.
11.8. All employees of a general educational institution undergo preliminary and periodic medical examinations, must be vaccinated in accordance with the national calendar of preventive vaccinations. Each employee of a general education institution must have a personal medical record of the established form.
Employees who evade medical examinations are not allowed to work.
11.9. Pedagogical workers of educational institutions undergo professional hygienic training and certification during employment.
XII. Requirements for the sanitary maintenance of the territory and premises
12.1. The territory of a general education institution must be kept clean. The territory is cleaned daily before the students leave the site. In hot, dry weather, it is recommended to water the surfaces of the playgrounds and grass cover 20 minutes before the start of the walk and sports activities. In winter, clear snow and ice from playgrounds and footpaths.
Garbage is collected in garbage bins, which must be tightly closed with lids, and when 2/3 of their volume is filled, they are taken to solid landfills. household waste in accordance with the contract for the removal of household waste. After being emptied, containers (waste bins) must be cleaned and treated with disinfectants (disinfestants) authorized in the prescribed manner. Incineration of garbage on the territory of a general educational institution, including in garbage bins, is not allowed.
12.2. Annually (in spring) decorative pruning of shrubs, cutting of young shoots, dry and low branches is carried out. If available, directly in front of the windows of classrooms tall trees closing light openings and reducing the values of natural illumination indicators below the standardized ones, take measures to cut them down or prune branches.
12.3. All premises of the educational institution are subject to daily wet cleaning using detergents.
Toilets, dining rooms, lobbies, recreation areas are subject to wet cleaning after each change.
Cleaning of educational and auxiliary premises is carried out after the end of the lessons, in the absence of students, with open windows or transoms. If a general education institution works in two shifts, cleaning is carried out at the end of each shift: they wash the floors, wipe the places where dust accumulates (window sills, radiators, etc.).
The premises of the boarding school at a general educational institution are cleaned at least once a day.
To carry out cleaning and disinfection in a general educational institution and a boarding school at a general educational institution, detergents and disinfectants are used, which are authorized in the established manner for use in children's institutions, following the instructions for their use.
Disinfecting solutions for cleaning floors are prepared before direct use in washrooms in the absence of students.
12.4. Disinfectants and detergents are stored in the manufacturer's packaging, in accordance with the instructions and in places inaccessible to students.
12.5. In order to prevent the spread of infection in an unfavorable epidemiological situation in a general education institution, additional anti-epidemic measures are carried out according to the instructions of the bodies authorized to carry out state sanitary and epidemiological supervision.
12.6. General cleaning is carried out at least once a month in all types of premises of a general education institution and a boarding school at a general education institution.
General cleaning by technical personnel (without involving the labor of students) is carried out using approved detergents and disinfectants.
Exhaust ventilation grilles are cleaned of dust on a monthly basis.
12.7. In the sleeping rooms of a general education institution and a boarding school at a general education institution, bedding (mattresses, pillows, blankets) should be ventilated directly in the bedrooms with open windows during each general cleaning. Bed linen and towels are changed as soon as they become dirty, but at least once a week.
Before the start of the school year, bedding is treated in a disinfection chamber.
In toilet facilities, soap, toilet paper and towels must be available at all times.
12.8. Daily cleaning of toilets, showers, buffets, medical premises is carried out using disinfectants, regardless of the epidemiological situation. Sanitary equipment is subject to daily decontamination. Cistern handles and door handles are cleaned warm water with soap. Sinks, toilet bowls, toilet seats are cleaned with brushes or brushes, cleaners and disinfectants permitted in the prescribed manner.
12.9. In the medical office, in addition to disinfecting the premises and furnishings, it is necessary to disinfect medical instruments in accordance with the instructions for disinfection, pre-sterilization cleaning and sterilization of medical devices.
Preference should be given to sterile disposable medical devices.
12.10. When medical waste is generated, which, according to the degree of epidemiological hazard, is classified as potentially hazardous waste, it is neutralized and disposed of in accordance with the rules for collection, storage, processing, neutralization and disposal of all types of waste from medical institutions.
12.11. Cleaning equipment for cleaning premises should be marked and assigned to specific areas.
Cleaning equipment for cleaning sanitary facilities (buckets, basins, mops, rags) must be marked (red), used as intended and stored separately from other cleaning equipment.
12.12. At the end of cleaning, all cleaning equipment is washed using detergents, rinsed with running water and dried. Store the cleaning equipment in a place designated for this purpose.
12.13. Sanitary maintenance of premises and disinfection measures in preschool education units are carried out in accordance with the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the device, maintenance and organization of the mode of operation of preschool organizations.
12.14. Sanitary condition catering facilities should be maintained taking into account the sanitary and epidemic requirements for the organization of meals for students in educational institutions. In the presence of a pool, cleaning and disinfection of premises and equipment is carried out in accordance with the sanitary rules for swimming pools.
12.15. Sports equipment is subject to daily cleaning with detergents.
The sports equipment placed in the gym is wiped with a damp cloth, metal parts - with a dry cloth at the end of each training shift. The gym is ventilated for at least 10 minutes after each lesson. The sports carpet is cleaned daily using a vacuum cleaner, at least 3 times a month it is damp cleaned using a washing vacuum cleaner. Sports mats are wiped daily with soap and soda solution.
12.16. In the presence of carpets and carpets (in the premises of an elementary comprehensive school, extended day groups, boarding school), they are cleaned with a vacuum cleaner on a daily basis, and also once a year they are dried and knocked out in the fresh air.
12.17. When synanthropic insects and rodents appear in the institution on the territory of a general educational institution and in all rooms, it is necessary to carry out disinsection and deratization by the forces of specialized organizations in accordance with the regulatory and methodological documents.
In order to prevent the emergence of flies and their destruction in the development phase, once every 5 - 10 days, outdoor toilets are treated with approved disinfectants in accordance with the regulatory and methodological documents for the fight against flies.
XIII. Requirements for compliance with sanitary rules
13.1. The head of a general educational institution is the person responsible for the organization and completeness of the implementation of these sanitary rules, including ensuring:
The presence in the institution of these sanitary rules and bringing their content to the employees of the institution;
Compliance with the requirements of sanitary rules by all employees of the institution;
Necessary conditions for compliance with sanitary rules;
Employment of persons who have access for health reasons, who have undergone professional hygienic training and certification;
Availability of medical books for each employee and their timely passage of periodic medical examinations;
Organization of measures for disinfection, disinsection and deratization;
Availability of first aid kits and their timely replenishment.
13.2. The medical staff of a general education institution carries out daily monitoring of compliance with the requirements of sanitary rules.
* Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 31, 2009 N 277 "On approval of the Regulations on licensing educational activities."
Appendix 1 to SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10
In order to form the correct posture and maintain health, it is necessary from the first days of study in a general education institution to educate and form the correct working posture of students at the school desk. For this it is necessary to devote a special lesson in the first grades.
To form the correct posture, it is necessary to provide a workplace for the student with furniture in accordance with his height; teach him to maintain the correct working posture during training sessions, which is the least tiring: sit deep in a chair, keep the body and head straight; legs should be bent at the hip and knee joints, feet rest on the floor, forearms lie freely on the table.
When the student is placed at the desk, the chair is pushed under the table so that when resting on the back, his palm is placed between the chest and the table.
For a rational selection of furniture in order to prevent disorders of the musculoskeletal system, it is recommended to equip all classrooms and offices with growth bars.
The teacher explains to the students how to hold the head, shoulders, arms, and emphasizes that it is impossible to rest your chest on the edge of the desk (table); the distance from the eyes to the book or notebook should be equal to the length of the forearm from the elbow to the end of the fingers. Hands lie freely, not pressing against the table, the right hand and the fingers of the left are on the notebook. Both feet rest on the floor with their entire feet.
When mastering the skills of writing, the student rests on the back of the desk (chair) with his lower back, while explaining the teacher - sits more freely, rests on the back of the desk (chair) not only with the sacro-lumbar, but also with the subscapular part of the back. The teacher, after explaining and showing the correct seating at the desk, asks the students of the whole class to sit correctly and, walking around the class, corrects if necessary.
In the classroom, the table "Sit Correctly When Writing" should be placed so that students always have it before their eyes. At the same time, students need to be shown tables showing defects in posture resulting from improper fit. The development of a certain skill is achieved not only by explanation, supported by a demonstration, but also by systematic repetition. To develop the skill of correct landing, the teacher must daily monitor the correctness of the posture of students during classes.
The role of the teacher in educating students of the correct fit is especially great during the first three to four years of study in a general education institution, when they develop this skill, as well as in subsequent years of study.
The teacher, in cooperation with the parents, can give recommendations on the choice of a backpack for textbooks and school supplies: the weight of the satchel without textbooks for students in grades 1 - 4 should be no more than 700 g. In this case, the satchel should have wide straps (4 - 4.5 cm) and sufficient form stability to ensure its snug fit to the student's back and uniform weight distribution. The material for the manufacture of knapsacks should be lightweight, durable, with a water-repellent coating, easy to clean.
Appendix 4 to SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10
exercise minutes (FM)
Training sessions that combine mental, static, dynamic loads on individual organs and systems and on the entire body as a whole, require physical education minutes (hereinafter - FM) to relieve local fatigue and FM of general influence in the classroom.
FM for improving cerebral circulation:
2. I. p. - sitting, hands on the belt. 1 - turn the head to the right, 2 - ip, 3 - turn the head to the left, 4 - ip. Repeat 6-8 times. The pace is slow.
3. I. p. - standing or sitting, hands on the belt. 1 - in a fell swoop left hand bring it over the right shoulder, turn your head to the left. 2 - ip, 3 - 4 - the same with the right hand. Repeat 4-6 times. The pace is slow.
FM for relieving fatigue from the shoulder girdle and arms:
1. I. p. - standing or sitting, hands on the belt. 1 - right hand forward, left up. 2 - change the position of the hands. Repeat 3-4 times, then relax down and shake your hands, tilt your head forward. Average pace.
2. I. p. - standing or sitting, hands with the back on the belt. 1 - 2 - bring your elbows forward, tilt your head forward, 3 - 4 - elbows back, bend over. Repeat 6 - 8 times, then hands down and shake loosely. The pace is slow.
3. I. p. - sitting, hands up. 1 - clench the brushes into a fist, 2 - unclench the brushes. Repeat 6 - 8 times, then relax your hands down and shake your hands. Average pace.
FM for relieving fatigue from the torso:
1. I. p. - stand feet apart, hands behind the head. 1 - sharply turn the pelvis to the right. 2 - sharply turn the pelvis to the left. Leave the shoulder girdle motionless during the turns. Repeat 6-8 times. Average pace.
2. I. p. - stand feet apart, hands behind the head. 1 - 5 - circular movements with the pelvis in one direction, 4 - 6 - the same in the other direction, 7 - 8 - hands down and shake the hands loosely. Repeat 4-6 times. Average pace.
3. I. p. - leg stand apart. 1 - 2 - tilt forward, the right hand slides down along the leg, the left, bending up, along the body, 3 - 4 - ip, 5 - 8 - the same in the other direction. Repeat 6-8 times. Average pace.
FM of general impact are completed from exercises for different muscle groups, taking into account their tension in the process of activity.
A set of FM exercises for students of the I stage of education in the classroom with elements of writing:
1. Exercises to improve cerebral circulation. I. p. - sitting, hands on the belt. 1 - turn the head to the right, 2 - ip, 3 - turn the head to the left, 4 - ip, 5 - gently tilt your head back, 6 - ip, 7 - tilt your head forward. Repeat 4-6 times. The pace is slow.
2. Exercises to relieve fatigue from small muscles of the hand. I. p. - sitting, arms raised up. 1 - clench the brushes into a fist, 2 - unclench the brushes. Repeat 6 - 8 times, then relax your hands down and shake your hands. Average pace.
3. Exercise to relieve fatigue from the muscles of the trunk. I. p. - stand feet apart, hands behind the head. 1 - sharply turn the pelvis to the right. 2 - sharply turn the pelvis to the left. Leave the shoulder girdle motionless during the turns. Repeat 4-6 times. Average pace.
4. Exercise to mobilize attention. I. p. - standing, arms along the body. 1 - right hand on the belt, 2 - left hand on the belt, 3 - right hand on the shoulder, 4 - left hand on the shoulder, 5 - right hand up, 6 - left hand up, 7 - 8 - hand claps over the head, 9 - lower the left hand on the shoulder, 10 - the right hand on the shoulder, 11 - the left hand on the belt, 12 - the right hand on the belt, 13 - 14 - hand slaps on the hips. Repeat 4-6 times. Tempo - 1 time slow, 2 - 3 times - medium, 4 - 5 - fast, 6 - slow.
Appendix 5 to SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10
1. Blink quickly, close your eyes and sit quietly, slowly counting to 5. Repeat 4 - 5 times.
3. Extend your right arm forward. Follow with your eyes, without turning your head, for slow movements of the index finger of an outstretched hand to the left and right, up and down. Repeat 4 - 5 times.
4. Look at forefinger outstretched hand to count 1 - 4, then move your gaze into the distance to count 1 - 6. Repeat 4 - 5 times.
5. At an average pace, do 3 - 4 circular movements with the eyes in right side, the same amount to the left. Relaxing the eye muscles, look into the distance at the count of 1 - 6. Repeat 1 - 2 times.
Appendix 6 to SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10
extended day groups
General Provisions.
It is recommended to complete extended day groups from students of the same class or parallel classes. Students staying in an extended day group at the same time educational process may cover the period of time spent by students in a general education institution from 8.00 - 8.30 to 18.00 - 19.00.
It is advisable to place premises for extended day groups for students of grades I-VIII within the limits of the corresponding training sections, including recreation.
It is recommended for students of the first grades of the extended day group to allocate sleeping rooms and playrooms. In the absence of special rooms in a general education institution for organizing sleep and games, universal rooms can be used that combine a bedroom and a playroom, equipped with built-in furniture: wardrobes, single-tier beds.
For students in grades II-VIII, depending on the specific capabilities, it is recommended to allocate assigned premises for the organization of play activities, circle work, classes at the request of students, daytime sleep for the weakened.
Daily regime.
To ensure the maximum possible health-improving effect and preserve the working capacity of students attending extended-day groups, it is necessary to rationalize the daily regimen, starting from the moment of arrival at a general educational institution, and to conduct extensive physical culture and health-improving activities.
The best combination of activities for students in extended day groups is their physical activity in the open air before the start of self-training (walking, outdoor and sports games, socially useful work on the site of a general educational institution, if it is provided for by the educational program), and after self-training - participation in events emotional nature(classes in circles, games, visiting entertainment events, preparation and holding of amateur concerts, quizzes and other events).
The daily routine must necessarily provide for: food, walking, daytime sleep for students in grades 1 and weakened students in grades II-III, self-training, socially useful work, circle work and a wide range of physical culture and recreational activities.
Outdoor recreation.
After the end of classes in a general education institution, to restore the working capacity of students before completing homework, rest is organized for at least 2 hours. Most of this time is spent outdoors. It is advisable to provide for walks:
Before lunch, lasting at least 1 hour, after the end of school hours;
Before self-preparation for an hour.
Walks are recommended to be accompanied by sports, outdoor games and physical exercises. In winter, it is useful to organize skating, skiing 2 times a week. In the warm season, it is recommended to organize classes in athletics, volleyball, basketball, tennis and others. sports games outdoors. It is also recommended to use the swimming pool for swimming and water sports.
Students assigned to a special medical group or underwent acute diseases, during sports and outdoor games, they perform exercises that are not associated with a significant load.
Students' clothing during outdoor activities should protect them from hypothermia and overheating and not restrict movement.
In bad weather, outdoor games can be transferred to well-ventilated areas.
A place for outdoor recreation and sports hours can be a school area or specially equipped areas. In addition, adjacent squares, parks, forests, stadiums can be used for these purposes.
Organization of daytime sleep for first graders and weakened children.
Sleep relieves fatigue and excitement of children who spend a long time in a large group, increases their efficiency. The duration of daytime sleep should be at least 1 hour.
For the organization of daytime sleep, either special sleeping rooms or universal rooms with an area of 4.0 m per student, equipped with teenagers (size 1600 x 700 mm) or built-in single-tier beds, should be allocated.
When arranging beds, it is necessary to observe the distance between: the long sides of the bed - 50 cm; headboards - 30 cm; bed and outer wall - 60 cm, and for the northern regions of the country - 100 cm.
Each student must be assigned a certain sleeping place with a change of bed linen as it gets dirty, but at least once every 10 days.
Preparing homework.
When doing homework by students (self-study), the following recommendations should be observed:
Prepare lessons in a fixed classroom equipped with furniture corresponding to the growth of students;
Start self-training at 15-16 hours, since by this time a physiological increase in working capacity is noted;
Limit the duration of homework so that the time spent on doing it does not exceed (in astronomical hours): in grades 2 - 3 - 1.5 hours, in grades 4 - 5 - 2 hours, in grades 6 - 8 - 2.5 hours, in grades 9 - 11 - up to 3.5 hours;
Provide, at the discretion of students, the order of completing homework, while recommending to start with a subject of average difficulty for this student;
Provide students with the opportunity to take arbitrary breaks at the end of a certain stage of work;
Spend "exercise minutes" lasting 1-2 minutes;
Provide students who have completed their homework before the whole group, the opportunity to start classes of interest (in the game, library, reading room).
Extracurricular activities.
Extracurricular activities are carried out in the form of excursions, circles, sections, Olympiads, competitions, etc.
The duration of the classes depends on the age and type of activity. The duration of such activities as reading, music lessons, drawing, modeling, handicrafts, quiet games should be no more than 50 minutes a day for students in grades 1 - 2, and no more than one and a half hours a day for the rest of the classes. In music lessons, it is recommended to use the elements of rhythm and choreography more widely. TV shows and movies should not be watched more than twice a week, with a viewing duration limited to 1 hour for students in grades 1 - 3 and 1.5 for students in grades 4 - 8.
It is recommended to use general school premises for organizing various types of extracurricular activities: reading, assembly and sports halls, a library, as well as premises of closely located houses of culture, children's leisure centers, sports facilities, stadiums.
Table 4.
Table 5.