Kostroma province 18th century. Old maps of the Kostroma province. Additional materials on the Kostroma province

Administrative-territorial unit Russian Empire and the RSFSR, which existed in 1796-1929. Provincial town - Kostroma.

Kostroma province was located in the center of the European part of the Russian Empire. Bordered in the west with, in the south with and, in the east with, in the north and north-west with the provinces.

The history of the formation of the Kostroma province

On May 29, 1719, the Kostroma province in the Moscow province and the Galician province in the Arkhangelsk province were created. Subsequently, in 1778, the Kostroma governorship was created from these two provinces.

The Kostroma governorship was divided into two regions: Kostroma with a center in Kostroma and Unzha with a center in Unzha. The governorship included 15 districts: Buisky, Varnavinsky, Vetluzhsky, Galitsky, Kadyisky, Kineshemsky, Kologrivsky, Kostromskoy, Lukhovsky, Makaryevsky, Nerekhtsky, Plyosovsky, Soligalichsky, Chukhlomskoy and Yuryevetsky.

On December 12, 1796, the governorship was transformed into the Kostroma province, the cities of Bui, Kady, Lukh and Plyos were left behind the state.

In 1802 Buisk district has been restored.

After October revolution In 1917, the Kostroma province became part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) formed in 1918.

In 1922 the composition Nizhny Novgorod province Varnavinsky and Vetluzhsky districts were transferred.

By a decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee Presidium of January 14, 1929, the provinces were completely liquidated. The territory of the Kostroma province became part of the Kostroma district of the Ivanovo Industrial region.

In the period from 1802 to 1918, the province included 12 counties:

In 1918, the Koverninsky district was formed, and Kineshemsky, Yuryevetsky and part Nerekhta district moved to the Ivanovo-Voznesensk province.

In 1922 Makaryevsky district became part of Ivanovo-Voznesensk province, and Varnavinsky and Vetluzhsky - into Nizhny Novgorod. The Koverninsky district was abolished.

Thus, in 1926, the province included 7 counties:

• Buisky
• Galich
• Kologrivsky
• Kostroma
• Nerekhtsky
• Soligalichsky
• Chukhlomsky

Additional materials on the Kostroma province

• Plans for general surveying of the Kostroma province
  

  Buisk district	1 verst	-
  Varnavinsky district	1 verst	-
  Vetluzhsky district	1 verst	-
  Galich district	2 versts	-
  Kostroma district	1 verst	-
  Lukh district	1 verst	-

Villages of the Kostroma province by volosts

History of the region

1797 The Kostroma governorship was transformed into a province with the center in the city of Kostroma.

1929 Kostroma province was abolished.

1929 the Kostroma district was formed, the center of which was the city of Kostroma.

1930 The Kostroma Okrug was abolished and its districts were transferred to the direct subordination of the Ivanovo Industrial Region.

* This date was suggested by the historian V. N. Tatishchev.

** Viceroyalty was divided into two regions: Kostroma (11 counties) with the center in Kostroma and Unzhenskaya (4 counties) with the center in Unzha.

Provincial coat of arms

Geography

In 1897, the area of ​​the province was 83,996 sq. Km. These places belong to the number of plains; Uplands are found in the northwestern part of the region or run in narrow ridges along the right banks of the Volga, Unzha and Vetluga rivers. The people call these hills mountains, because they do not know real mountains. Geological research in the province was carried out by Murchison, Meindorf, Eichwald, SN Nikitin, K. Milashevich and others.

There are two large lakes: Galichskoe and Chukhlomskoe (the first 67.9 sq. Versts, the second - 42.7 sq. Versts), both are rich in fish. In the north and eastern parts the province has several hundred lakes. There are many bogs in the districts of Vetluzhsky, Varnavinsky, Kologrivsky and Makaryevsky. The largest swamps are Timoshenskoe, Yugovskoe, Kholodilkovskoe and Isupovskoe.

All rivers in the province belong to the Volga basin; their number reaches approximately 300 and gives full reason to call the region abundant waters.

The forest area is 3,100,000 dess. *, Slightly less than half of the total area of ​​the province; felled areas, burnt-out areas and areas overgrown with bushes - almost half of the forest area. The state forest was 1,395,000 dess. in 1892. Convenient forest area 1329 thousand dess., Arranged forests 990389 dess. In 1891, 207,519 rubles were raised for the sold state timber, 200,130 rubles were spent. Good timber remains only in the districts of Makaryevsky, Vetluzhsky, Kologrivsky and Varnavinsky; in the factory districts the forest was destroyed. The dominant species are spruce, birch, pine, fir, aspen, oak and alder. Among the animals in the province are wolf, elk, deer, mink, lynx, otter, ferret, ermine, desman, badger and chipmunk; from birds hazel grouse, black grouse, sandpiper, partridge, snipe, turakhtan and woodcock. As a trade, hunting exists in the counties of Vetluzhsky, Varnavinsky and Kologrivsky.

* List populated areas Kostroma province. According to information from 1877.

Economic development

In the middle of the XIX century. in the province, domestic peasant production, handicrafts and latrine trades are developing. In terms of the number of handicraftsmen, the Kostroma province was second only to the Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Vyatka and Ryazan provinces.

According to the 1897 census, it can be judged that a significant part (79.5%) of the population of the province was engaged in agriculture... Many historical estates of Moscow tsars and boyars, in Kostroma places, are private lands. Large land holdings are no longer associated with field farming, but with forestry.

At a confident pace in the Kostroma province developed woodworking... The mechanical processing of wood in the province was carried out by reel and turning factories - in Kostroma and in Sudislavl, serving textile factories. Linev's steam sawmill was built in Kostroma in 1859.

After the abolition of serfdom in 1861 in the Kostroma province, it began to develop at a rapid pace. textile industry... By the beginning of the XX century. the linen industry of the Kostroma province is moving forward to one of the leading places among the provinces of the European part of Russia. Mechanization and the growth of factory industry were accompanied by a concentration of production. In 1858, the number of factories and plants in the Kostroma province increased to half a thousand, and the amount of products from enterprises in 1908 exceeded 100 million rubles. From 1901 to 1912, the number of workers * in the province increased by 58%, and the amount of production by 113%. In 1912, a quarter of fabrics ** and yarns from the total volume of Russian flax factories were produced in the Kostroma province.

The development of waterways in the province contributes significantly to the growth of industry. In the 1850s. the largest joint-stock shipping companies of the Volga River and its navigable tributaries arose. The development of the sawmill industry in the northern districts accelerated after the construction of the Vologda-Vyatka railway in 1906, which made it possible to put into operation huge forest resources north of the province, far from floating rivers.

Russian cooperation was born in the Kostroma province. The first cooperative in Russia - the Christmas Savings and Loan Partnership - was founded in 1865 in the village of Rozhdestvensky, Vetluzhsky district. Similar credit partnerships were later organized in other counties. Within a few. for decades, credit associations in the province the only kind cooperation. The oldest of the Kostroma dairy artels - Sametskaya - was organized in 1906. In 1909 in the village. Shunga, the first cooperative potato-making plant in Russia was opened.

* According to the industrial census of 1918, in 1913 in Kostroma, on average, there were 378 workers per enterprise.

** Gubernia supplied mainly thin and medium-thick fabrics.

The Kostroma province was formed in 1796 from the lands that were previously part of the Kostroma governorship. In turn, the Kostroma governorship was formed in 1778 on the lands of the Kostroma and Galicia provinces (until 1775, respectively, in the jurisdiction of the Moscow and Arkhangelsk provinces), and this governorship was divided into two parts - Kostroma with a center in Kostroma and Unzhenskaya with a center in Unzhe. During the first few years of the existence of the Kostroma province, the borders and the composition of its counties changed. The final boundaries of the province were established during the reign of Alexander the First and did not change during the entire subsequent pre-revolutionary period.

In the Kostroma province in whole or in part
there are the following maps and sources:
(except for the general ones indicated on the main page
all-Russian atlases, where this province may also be)

Land surveying plans for the Kostroma province
Land surveying map - non-topographic (without specifying latitudes and longitudes), hand-drawn map of the late 18th century (after the redistribution of borders in 1775-78) on a scale of 1 inch = 2 versts 1cm = 840m or 1inch = 1 verst 1cm = 420m. As a rule, the county was drawn on the parts that are shown on the index sheet. Some of the maps belong to the period of Catherine II 1775-96, Paul I, having come to power, changed the borders of counties within the provinces (which, in turn, Alexander I returned to its former place, but with some changes), while some of the fund's maps General surveying survived only for this period.
The maps are colored, very detailed, divided by counties.

Lists of settlements in the Kostroma province in 1877 (according to information from 1870-72) and 1908 (according to information from 1907).
It is universal reference manual containing the following information:
- the status of a settlement (a village, a hamlet, a village - proprietary or state-owned, that is, state-owned);
- the location of the settlement (in relation to the nearest tract, camp, at a well, pond, stream, river or river);
- the number of yards in settlement and its population (male and female);
- distance from county town and the camp apartment (the center of the camp) in versts;
- the presence of a church, chapel, mill, etc.