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Vasily Shukshin is a unique phenomenon not only in domestic but also in world cinema. One in three persons - a great writer, a brilliant actor, a director beloved by the people. Died October 2, 1974.

Biography

Vasily Makarovich Shukshin was born in Altai into a peasant family. In 1933, his father was arrested. Left with two small children, 22-year-old Maria Shukshina soon remarried fellow villager Pavel Kuksin, who died at the front in 1942.

At the age of sixteen, having completed seven classes, Shukshin left his native village of Srostki. From 1945 to 1947, he studied at the Biysk Automotive College, but he was never able to finish it - in order to feed his family, he had to quit his studies and get a job.

Shukshin’s first place of work was the Soyuzprommekhanizatsiya trust in Moscow. Having settled there in 1947 as a rigger, Shukshin was soon sent to a turbine plant in Kaluga, then to a tractor plant in Vladimir. In April 1949, Shukshin was sent to build a power plant at the Shcherbinka station of the Moscow-Kursk railway

. He worked there for several months, after which he ended up working on the construction of a railway bridge at Golitsyno station. Then there was conscription for military service. After “training” to become a radio operator, in 1950 Shukshin ended up in one of the units Black Sea Fleet

, stationed in Sevastopol, where he was nicknamed Silent for his dislike of “chatter,” the newspaper “Arguments and Facts” says.

In 1953, Shukshin was diagnosed with a stomach ulcer, and soon the medical commission of the Main Military Hospital of the Black Sea Fleet discharged him.

After returning to Srostki, Vasily Shukshin, having passed the 10th grade exams externally, went to work at a school for rural youth as a teacher of grades 5-7 of Russian language and literature. Then he was also the director of this school for some time. In 1954, Shukshin moved to Moscow to enroll in VGIK. “My preparation left much to be desired,” Shukshin recalled about his exams, “I did not shine with erudition and with my whole appearance caused bewilderment... My written work on the topic “What is happening at VGIK these days” saved me. A resolution was imposed on this essay: “The work was not written on the topic, the conditions were not met, but the author showed talent as a director and deserves an excellent rating.”

Director Mikhail Romm took Shukshin to his course - despite the fact that Shukshin yelled at him during the exam. Romm asked to talk about Pierre Bezukhov’s experiences under Borodin, to which Shukshin replied: “I haven’t read War and Peace, the book is too thick, I can’t get my hands on it.” “What, you’ve never read thick books?” - Romm was surprised. “I read one,” admitted Shukshin. “Martin Eden.” A good book.”

Romm was indignant: “How did you work as a school director? You’re an uncultured person! And you also want to become a director!” And then Shukshin exploded: “What is a school director? Get firewood, drink it, chop it, stack it so that the kids don’t freeze in winter. Get textbooks, get kerosene, find teachers. And there’s only one car in the village - on four hooves and with a tail... . Or even on your own hump... Why read thick books..."

All-Union state institute Vasily Shukshin graduated from cinematography in 1960. During his studies, Shukshin's classmates and friends were future famous directors - and others.

Movie

While still a student, Shukshin began acting in films. His debut took place in 1956 in the film, where he played in an episode: he portrayed a sailor peeking out from behind a fence.

In 1959 Vasily Makarovich performed main role in film .

Behind short period Shukshin starred in a number of films: “Golden Echelon” (1959), (1960), “When the Trees Were Big” (1961), “Alenka” (1961), “Mishka, Seryoga and Me” (1961), “We, two men" (1962), "Journalist" (1967), "Commissioner" (1967), "By the Lake" (1969), "Liberation" (1970-1971) and others.

The special role of Vasily Shukshin is in. His acting was imbued with a sincerity of incredible power. Thus, colleagues on the set of the film recall how poignant the episode was in which Shukshin, who was wounded, came out of the grove: “Everything that happened on the set seemed so real when he, staggering and clutching his mortal wound with his hand, walked through this grove, even The make-up artists, who themselves prepared this “blood” for him, could not hold back their tears,” recall his colleagues in the film.

Shukshin's last acting work in cinema was the main role of Pyotr Lopakhin in the epic based on the novel by Mikhail Sholokhov.

Director

In 1960, Vasily Shukshin graduated from VGIK and began making films based on his own scripts. His diploma work - the short film “They report from Lebyazhye” - went unnoticed. The picture told about one everyday working day of the rural district party committee during the hot period of the summer harvest.

Based on his stories "Cool Driver" and "Grinka Malyugin", published in 1963, Shukshin soon wrote the script for his first feature film. Filming began in the summer of that year in Altai.

For the main role - the driver Pasha Kolokolnikov - Shukshin invited his classmate from studying at VGIK. The film received in 1964 highest award Venice International Film Festival - "Golden Lion of St. Mark".

In 1966, Shukshin’s new film “Your Son and Brother” appeared on the screens, which was awarded the State Prize of the RSFSR named after the Vasilyev brothers.

In 1972, the film “Stoves and Benches” was shot, where Shukshin again acted as director, screenwriter and leading actor.

In the spring of 1973 in Vologda region, near Belozersk, Shukshin began work on the film “Kalina Krasnaya,” which became Shukshin’s last directorial work. In the film, Vasily Makarovich brilliantly played the main role; the film itself aroused great interest among the audience, becoming a shock for many. The film was watched by almost 100 million people. "Kalina Krasnaya" was admired by Antonioni and Fellini; at the VII All-Union Film Festival in Baku in April 1974, "Kalina Krasnaya" was awarded the main prize.

Writer

While studying at VGIK, on ​​the advice of Romm, Shukshin began sending his stories to metropolitan publications. In 1958, his story “Two on a Cart” was published in the Smena magazine. Early sixties literary works Shukshin began to be published one after another: the stories “Truth”, “Bright Souls” and “Stepka’s Love”. In 1963, the publishing house "Young Guard" published Shukshin's first collection entitled " Villager".

The same year in the magazine " New world“Two of his stories were published: “Cool Driver” and “Grinka Malyugin.”

In 1965, his novel “The Lyubavins” was published about the paths and destinies of the peasantry.

In 1971, Shukshin’s novel “I came to give you freedom” was published, which was written in parallel with the film script about Stepan Razin, but Shukshin never had the chance to make a film.

In 1973, Shukshin wrote the book " Energetic people" and the story "And in the morning they woke up", which he did not complete. He turned to the genre of philosophical parables in the fairy tales "Point of View" (1974) and "Until the third roosters: The tale of Ivan the Fool, how he went to distant lands to gain mind-mind."

Most of his stories describe events in the author's life. They are honest and frank, which is what captivates readers.

Personal life

Vasily Shukshin was married to an actress. Their first meeting took place on a train on the way to Sudak. “I slowly watched Shukshin: his eyes were green - cheerful, mischievous and hooligan,” recalls Fedoseeva. “The company turned out to be extremely pleasant, and I began to sing. And I sang, “Red Kalina.” He suddenly looked at me strangely and picked me up. .. When everyone fell asleep, I felt someone enter the compartment. I looked - Vasya quietly sat down next to me and said: “Come on, tell us about yourself.” Fedoseeva gave birth to two daughters, Shukshina and Olga.

The director also has a daughter, Ekaterina, from Victoria Sofronova, daughter of the writer Anatoly Sofronov.

Death

While working on the editing of "Kalina Krasnaya" Shukshin experienced an exacerbation peptic ulcer, and he ended up in the hospital, but every day he came to Mosfilm to work.

And six months later - October 2, 1974 - Shukshin passed away. A few days before his death - during the filming of Sergei Bondarchuk's film - Shukshin and his friend were sitting in the dressing room and Shukshin was drawing something on an empty cigarette box.

“What are you drawing there?” - Burkov asked him. “Yes, so... Rain, mountains, clouds. In general, a funeral,” answered Shukshin. Burkov then scolded his friend and took the pack with the scary design from him.

Since the only title that Shukshin possessed was the title of Honored Artist of the RSFSR, he should have been buried at the Vvedensky cemetery. But Sergei Bondarchuk obtained permission to bury him on Novodevichy. The funeral procession at the cemetery was met by people with bunches of viburnum obtained from somewhere unknown.

Titles, awards, memory

• Honored Artist of the RSFSR (1969)
• Laureate of the USSR State Prize (1971)
• In 1967 he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.
• In 1976, Vasily Shukshin was posthumously awarded the Lenin Prize.
• A street and the Drama Theater in Barnaul are named after Shukshin.
• Since 1976, in his homeland, in the village of Srostki, Shukshinsky readings, later called Shukshinsky days, have been held. An integral part days became the All-Russian Shukshinsky Film Festival, which since 1999 began to be held annually.
• In 1978, the All-Russian Shukshin Memorial Museum-Reserve was opened in Srostki, and in 2004, a monument to him by Vyacheslav Klykov was erected on Mount Piket.
• 2009 was declared the Year of Shukshin in the Altai Territory.

Based on materials from the sites: KinoPoisk, StarAndStar.ru, Kino-teatr.ru, Lifeactor.ru, Wikipedia, RIA Novosti.

Filmography: Actor

• They Fought for the Motherland (1975)
• Please speak (1975)
• If you want to be happy (1974)
• Viburnum red (1973)
• Stove benches (1972)
• Dauria (1971)
• Liberation (1971)
• Lyubov Yarovaya (1970)
• By the Lake (1970)
• Man's Talk (1969)
• Echoes of Distant Snows (1969)
• Three days of Viktor Chernyshev (1968)
• Journalist (1967)
• Commissioner (1967)
• What is it like, the sea? (1964)
• Mishka, Seryoga and me (1962)
• We Two Men (1962)
• Alenka (1961)
• When the Trees Were Big (1961)
• Business Trip (1961)
• A Simple Story (1960)
• Golden Echelon (1959)
• Two Fedoras (1958)

Filmography: Director

• Viburnum red (1973)
• Stove benches (1972)
• Strange people (1969)
• Your Son and Brother (1965)
• There Lives a Guy Like This (1964)

Filmography: Screenwriter

• Call me to the bright distance (1977)
• Countrymen (1974)
• Viburnum red (1973)
• Stove benches (1972)
• A soldier came from the front (1971)
• Strange People (1969)
• Your Son and Brother (1965)
• There Lives a Guy Like This (1964)

Shukshin Vasily Makarovich
Born: July 25, 1929
Died: October 2, 1974

Vasily Shukshin is a unique phenomenon not only in domestic but also in world cinema. One in three persons - a great writer, a brilliant actor, a director beloved by the people. Died October 2, 1974.

Vasily Makarovich Shukshin (July 25, 1929, the village of Srostki, Biysk District, Biysk Okrug, Altai Territory - October 2, 1974, the village of Kletskaya, Volgograd Region) - Soviet film director, actor, writer, screenwriter.

Honored Artist of the RSFSR (1969). Laureate of the Lenin Prize (1976, posthumously), the USSR State Prize (1971) and the State Prize of the RSFSR. Vasiliev brothers (1967). Member of the CPSU since 1955.

Vasily Shukshin born on July 25, 1929 in a peasant family. His father, Makar Leontyevich Shukshin (1912-1933), was arrested and executed in 1933, during collectivization, and was posthumously rehabilitated in 1956. Mother, Maria Sergeevna (nee Popova; in her second marriage - Kuksina) (1909 - January 17, 1979) took upon herself all the care of the family. Sister - Natalya Makarovna Shukshina (November 16, 1931 - July 10, 2005). After his father’s arrest and before receiving a passport, Vasily Makarovich was called Vasily Popov by his mother’s name.

In 1943, Shukshin graduated from a seven-year school in the village of Srostki and entered the Biysk Automotive College. I studied there for two and a half years, but did not graduate from college. Instead, in 1945 he went to work on a collective farm in the village of Srostki. He worked on the collective farm for a short time, and in 1946 he left his native village. In 1947-1949, Shukshin worked as a mechanic at several enterprises of the Soyuzprommekhanizatsiya trust: at a turbine plant in Kaluga, at a tractor plant in Vladimir. Shukshin was called up to serve in the army from the village of Butovo, Moscow region.

In 1949, Shukshin was called up to serve in the Navy. He served as a sailor in the Baltic Fleet, then as a radio operator in the Black Sea Fleet. Literary activity Shukshina began in the army, it was there that he first tried to write stories that he read to his colleagues. In 1953, he was discharged from the navy due to a stomach ulcer and returned to the village of Srostki.

In his native village, Vasily Makarovich passed the matriculation exams as an external student at Srostinsky secondary school No. 32. He went to work as a teacher of Russian language and literature at the Srostinsky school for rural youth. For some time he was even the director of this school. As Vasily Makarovich himself admitted, he was a “unimportant” teacher.

In 1954, Shukshin went to Moscow to enroll in VGIK. To raise money for the journey, his mother sold a cow. At first, Shukshin applied to the screenwriting department, but then decided to enter the directing department and graduated in 1960 (workshop of M.I. Romm). While studying at VGIK, on ​​the advice of Romm, Shukshin began sending his stories to metropolitan publications. In 1958, his first story, “Two on a Cart,” was published in the Smena magazine.

Member of the CPSU since 1955

In 1956, Shukshin made his film debut: in S. A. Gerasimov’s film “Quiet Don” (second series), he played in a tiny episode - he portrayed a sailor peeking out from behind a fence. The cinematic fate of Shukshin the actor began with this sailor.

While studying at VGIK in 1958, Shukshin starred in his first leading role in the film “Two Fyodors” by M. M. Khutsiev. In his diploma work“They report from Lebyazhye” Shukshin acted as a screenwriter, director and leading actor. His acting career was going quite well; Shukshin had no shortage of offers from leading directors.

In 1963, Shukshin began working as a director at the TsKDYuF. In the same year, the stories “Cool Driver” and “Grinka Malyugin” were published in the New World magazine. Based on them, Shukshin wrote the script for his first full-length film, “There Lives Such a Guy.” Filming began in the summer of the same year in Altai and was completed in 1964. The leading role was played by the director's classmate at VGIK, Leonid Kuravlev. The film received good response from the audience. Experts paid attention to Shukshin’s directing style, restrained and a little simple-minded.

Shukshin’s first book, “Rural Residents,” was published in 1963 by the publishing house “Young Guard.” Edward Kuzmina in the magazine “New World” noted that in best stories Shukshin’s books demonstrate “life instinct, vigilance, plasticity”: “the writer seems to be dissolved in his characters, looks into their eyes and.”

Vasily Shukshin was full of plans, but many of them were never destined to be realized. In 1965, Shukshin began writing a film script about the uprising led by Stepan Razin, but did not receive approval from the USSR State Committee for Cinematography. Subsequently, the script was reworked into the novel “I Came to Give You Freedom.” The script for the future film “Boiling Point” also did not receive approval from Goskino. For many years, Vasily Makarovich combined work on films with writing. He wrote by hand in a student notebook, usually at night.

The years 1973-1974 became very fruitful for Shukshin. His film “Kalina Krasnaya” was released and received the first prize at the All-Russian Film Festival. A new collection of short stories, “Characters,” has been published. On the stage of LABDT, director G. A. Tovstonogov was preparing to stage the play “Energetic People”. In 1974, Shukshin accepted an invitation to star in a new film by S. F. Bondarchuk. But Vasily Shukshin had long been tormented by attacks of stomach ulcers, which had haunted him since his youth, when he suffered from an addiction to alcohol. Last years After the birth of his daughters, he did not touch alcohol, but the disease progressed. Even on the set of “Kalina Krasnaya” he had difficulty recovering from severe attacks.

On October 2, 1974, Vasily Makarovich Shukshin died suddenly during the filming of the film “They Fought for the Motherland” on the ship “Danube”. Found him dead close friend Georgy Burkov.

Personal life

Shukshin's first official wife is his fellow villager, school teacher Maria Ivanovna Shumskaya. They met in their youth and married in the summer of 1955, when Vasily Shukshin, already a student at VGIK, came from Moscow for his first vacation. “To say that Vasily did not take this marriage seriously from the very beginning, that he deliberately deceived and abandoned his village wife, would be unfair,” says Anastasia Pryakhina, a friend of the Shukshin family. - After registration, Vasya came home from the registry office alone without Maria. He tore off his shirt and started exclaiming: “What a marriage!” Well, I got married!” It turned out that the young people had quarreled at the doors of the registry office. Maria refused to go with Vasily to Moscow - she was frightened by the uncertainty and unsettled future life in Moscow, she decided to stay with her parents and wait for her husband in Srostki. In 1957, Shukshin wrote a letter home from Moscow saying that he was asking Maria for a divorce because he had fallen in love with another woman. There was never an official divorce from M. Shumskaya. She never agreed to the divorce, even though Shukshin’s mother asked for it. Vasily Makarovich managed to “neutralize” this marriage only by losing his passport.

In 1963, he married Victoria Sofronova, the daughter of the writer Anatoly Sofronov. In 1964, V. Shukshin came with V. Sofronova to his homeland in Srostki. Maria Sergeevna Shukshina liked Victoria as hard-working and thrifty. Just at this time, she had a conversation with Maria Shumskaya about her divorce from her son Vasily.

In 1965, Victoria Sofronova had a daughter from Shukshin - Katerina Shukshina.

From 1964 to 1967, V. M. Shukshin was married to actress Lydia Alexandrova (better known as Lydia Chashchina, after the name of her second husband; performer of the role in the film “There Lives Such a Guy”). The marriage, according to her, broke up due to Shukshin’s numerous love affairs and his addiction to alcohol.

In 1964, on the set of the film “What is it like, the sea?” Vasily Shukshin met 26-year-old actress Lydia Fedoseeva. For quite a long time, Vasily Makarovich could not decide which of his beloved women to live with, and maintained relationships with both. In the end, he ended up with Fedoseeva. In this marriage he had two daughters:

Maria Shukshina, actress (1967).
Olga Shukshina, actress (1968).

Problems of creativity

The heroes of Shukshin's books and films are Russian people of the Soviet village, simple workers with unique characters, observant and sharp-tongued.

One of his first heroes, Pashka Kolokolnikov (“There Lives Such a Guy”) is a village driver, in whose life “there is room for heroism.”

Some of his heroes can be called eccentrics, people “not of this world” (the story “Microscope”, “Crank”).

Other characters have passed ordeal conclusion (Egor Prokudin, “Kalina Krasnaya”).

Shukshin’s works provide a laconic and succinct description of the Russian village; his work is characterized by a deep knowledge of the language and details of everyday life; deep knowledge often comes to the fore in it. moral issues, Russian national and universal values ​​(stories “The Hunt to Live”, “Space”, nervous system and a lot of lard").

Filmography

Sculpture of Yegor Prokudin - the hero of the film "Kalina Krasnaya" performed by Vasily Shukshin in Altai

Actor

1956 - Quiet Don - sailor behind the fence
1956 - The Killers - Ole Andreson
1958 - Two Fedors - Fedor the Big
1959 - Golden Echelon - Nizovtsev
1960 - A Simple Story - Vanka Lykov
1960 - Report from Lebyazhye - Ivlev
1961 - Yurka - the pantsless team
1961 - Alyonka - Stepan Revun
1961 - When the trees were big - chairman of the collective farm
1961 - Business trip - combine operator
1961 - Mishka, Seryoga and I - Gennady Nikolaevich, class teacher
1962 - We, two men - driver Mikhail
1964 - What is it like, the sea? - sailor Zhorka
1967 - Journalist - Karpachev
1967 - Commissioner - regiment commander
1968 - Three days of Viktor Chernyshev - Kravchenko
1968 - Man's conversation - Nikolai Nikolaevich Larionov, Sasha's father
1968 - 1971 - Liberation - Marshal Konev
1969 - By the lake - Vasily Vasilyevich Chernykh
1969 - Echo of distant snows
1970 - Lyubov Yarovaya - Roman Koshkin
1971 - Dauria - Vasily Ulybin
1971 - Hold on to the clouds - security officer
1972 - Stove-benches - Ivan Rastorguev
1973 - Red viburnum - Egor Prokudin
1974 - If you want to be happy - Vladimir Andreevich Fedotov
1975 - Please speak - Fedor, local playwright (voice - Igor Efimov)
1975 - They fought for their homeland - Pyotr Fedotovich Lopakhin (voice - Igor Efimov)

Director

1960 - They report from Lebyazhye - thesis
1964 - There lives such a guy
1965 - Your son and brother
1969 - Strange People
1972 - Stove benches
1973 - Red viburnum

Screenwriter

1960 - They report from Lebyazhye (thesis)
1964 - There lives such a guy
1965 - Your son and brother
1969 - Vanya, how are you here? (television play
) 1969 - Strange People
1971 - A soldier came from the front
1970 - I came to give you freedom
1972 - Stove benches
1973 - Red viburnum

Film adaptations without Shukshin's participation

1966 - Alone (short film)
1971 - The end of the Lyubavins
1972 - Boots
1977 - In profile and full face
1977 - Call me into the bright distance
1981 - Conversations under a Clear Moon (television play)
1981 - Other games and fun (short film)
1982 - Childhood Holidays
1987 - Brothers-in-law (based on the story “Brother-in-law Sergei Sergeevich”)
1988 - Christmas trees!
1988, 1989 - Energetic people
1990 - Strong Man (based on the stories “Strong Man”, “I Believe”, “Suraz”)
2002 - Shukshin’s stories (six short stories based on stories) 2003 - And in the morning they woke up
2009 - I Believe (based on the stories “I Believe!”, “Stalled,” “Zaletny”)
2014 - The Hunt to Live (based on the stories “Ticket for the Second Session”, “Autumn”, “The Hunt to Live”)

Vasily Shukshin is a Soviet film director, actor, screenwriter and writer. In his works and films, he paid great attention to life ordinary people, thanks to which he managed to quickly become a popular favorite.

There are many nuances in his biography that the average viewer probably does not know. However, this is the case with the majority. Well, we will try to fill this gap.

We bring to your attention the biography of Vasily Shukshin ().

Brief biography of Shukshin

Vasily Makarovich Shukshin was born on July 25, 1929 in the village of Srostki, in the Siberian Territory. His parents were ordinary peasants. With coming Soviet power the head of the family, Makar Leontyevich, was shot by the Bolsheviks.

After the death of her husband, his mother, Maria Sergeevna, remarried Pavel Kuksin, with whom she raised children from her first marriage.

Childhood and youth

Since Vasily Shukshin grew up in a simple family, he could not even think that in the future he could become a famous director.

After graduating from school, the young man entered an automotive technical school, but after studying there for about 2 years, he decided to quit. Leaving educational institution was associated with the desire to get a job.

In 1945, Shukshin began working on the collective farm with friends and relatives. But even here he did not stay long. After 2 years, Vasily got a job as a mechanic, whose work was then held in high esteem.

Thanks to this profession, he was able to travel to many cities and visit different plants and factories, which later played a big role in his creative biography.

In 1949, Shukshin was called up to serve in the Navy. Interesting fact His biography is that it was there that he began to read books and become interested in art. The guy even wrote several works, which he later read to his comrades.

In 1953, Shukshin returned to his native village, graduated from high school as an external student, and became a teacher. Being creative personality, Shukshin wanted to achieve something more.

Realizing that he will not be able to realize his ambitions in the village, he decides to go to the capital.

Once in, Vasily enters the directing department of VGIK. Without wasting time, he sends his works to various publishing houses, and soon achieves his first success.

Creative biography of Shukshin

Vasily Makarovich mainly wrote stories and stories that were interesting and understandable to the common worker.

At the same time, he begins to become seriously interested in cinema. In 1956, Shukshin was trusted to play a short role in the cult film “Quiet Don”.

Just 2 years later, he plays the main role in the film “Two Fedoras”, after which he receives offers of cooperation from various directors.

Feeling confident, Vasily Shukshin decides to try himself as a film director. He writes scripts for his films with his own hands, carefully thinking through the dialogues of the characters. These bold steps played a big role in Shukshin’s biography.

During his life, he made 6 films and performed about 30 roles. Whatever Vasily Makarovich did, he always succeeded. For his services, he received many different awards and prizes. In 1969 he was awarded the title of Honored Artist of the RSFSR.

Before playing a particular role, Shukshin thoroughly thought through every gesture, thanks to which his fantastic acting aroused the interest of the audience. Surely he himself would be pleased with his performance and would say the cherished “I believe.”

Shukshin always remained himself and, at the same time, he managed to masterfully convey the emotions of his characters.

Personal life and legacy

Shukshin's first wife was Maria Shumskaya, who worked as a teacher in his native village. However, this marriage soon broke up. The wife did not want to go with her husband to Moscow, which became one of the main reasons for the divorce.

In 1963, Shukshin married Victoria Safronova. In this marriage they had a daughter, Katya, but this union did not last long.

The next and last wife in Shukshin’s biography was actress Lydia Fedoseeva. They had 2 girls - Masha and Olga, who also became actresses.

Death

In the early 70s, Shukshin began to increasingly suffer from stomach pain. On the set of “Kalina Krasnaya” he repeatedly suffered from serious seizures.

However, the artist did not pay due attention to illnesses, but on the contrary continued to work even more. On the set of the film “They Fought for the Motherland,” one of these attacks became fatal for him.

Despite early death, this talented artist and writer left behind a huge legacy. Films are made based on his works, and streets and even cities are named after him.

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Vasily Shukshin was born in the village of Srostki, Biysk region Altai Territory. Coming from a simple family of individual peasants or “middle peasants,” Vasily lost his father early: during the era of collectivization and repression of the 30s, Makar Leontyevich Shukshin was arrested and shot. My mother took on all the worries about the family. Having married a second time, she continued raising children with her new husband. In the future, Vasily Shukshin will fondly remember his stepfather as a man of great kindness.

After graduating from seven years of school in his native village, Vasily Shukshin moves to neighboring Biysk to continue his studies at an automotive technical school. Having studied there for two and a half years, but never received a diploma, the future great director is forced to quit his studies, return home and start working in order to be able to support his family.

Little Vasily Shukshin with his mother (left) and in his youth

After working briefly on the collective farm of his native village, Vasily again changes his occupation and gets a job as a mechanic. From the start of his work in 1946 until his conscription into the Navy in 1949, the young mechanic Shukshin managed to travel to many cities and enterprises.

It was during army service As part of the Black Sea Fleet, Vasily Shukshin first became interested in literary creativity. In his leisure hours, he writes his first stories and reads them to his colleagues. But he never had to serve to the end - for the first time the symptoms of a stomach ulcer affected him. The attack was so severe that the medical commission declared him unfit for further service on the same day.

Vasily Shukshin in his youth

Upon returning home, Vasily Shukshin passed his final exams as an external student high school and started working as a Russian language teacher. Later, he was invited to the position of director of a school for working youth in his home village of Srostki. However, according to the recollections of Shukshin himself, he was a “unimportant” teacher. Teaching did not appeal to him as his life's work. The future director felt a great desire to conquer the capital.

Vasily Shukshin

In 1955, Vasily Shukshin went to Moscow to enroll in the screenwriting department of VGIK. To give him the opportunity to get to the capital and use his chance, his mother sold the cow and gave all the money to her son. Subsequently, the outstanding film director recalled that because of his textured appearance, as well as because of the ambiguous impression he made on the selection committee, Shukshin was offered to enroll in acting. But fate turned out differently, and Vasily Shukshin chose the directing department for himself.

During this same period, he made his writing debut - on the advice of his mentor Mikhail Ilyich, Romm Shukshin sent out his literary works to the capital's publishing houses. Here, his first success was the publication of his story “Two on a Cart” by the Smena magazine.

Filmography

At the same time, filming began. Shukshin's first work was episodic. In the film “Quiet Don” he got a very small role as a sailor. But it served good start acting career, pushed for growth, and Shukshin’s next role in the film “Two Fyodors” was the main one.

Further proposals were not long in coming, and soon Shukshin the actor was much more successful than Shukshin the director. However, the master felt something more as his main calling. He was attracted by the idea of ​​independently creating a full-fledged storyline, carefully developing each character and then bringing everything to life on the screen.

Vasily Shukshin and Leonid Kuravlev

First independent work“They report from Lebyazhye” realized all the author’s ambitions - Vasily Shukshin acted here as a screenwriter, director and actor. Yes, this picture was left without due attention from critics, who considered it somewhat boring, but the foundation for their own large-scale projects was laid.

His next full-length film, “There Lives a Guy Like This,” was based on the previously published stories “Cool Driver” and “Grinka Malyugin.” Vasily’s classmate at VGIK Leonid Kuravlev was invited to play the main role. This work was a massive success. Shukshin was noticed by the public and critics. During this period, his creative style fully developed.

Vasily Shukshin on the set

The heroes that Shukshin portrayed in his works are simple workers with difficult characters who fall into difficult situations. Subject common man is very close to the director, who has been both a collective farmer and a worker, who deeply feels the people whose lives he writes about. Shukshin the actor, according to critics, had the ability to look at the world through the eyes of his hero, deeply getting used to all the complexities of his character. Shukshin's directorial style was remembered by the audience for its outward simplicity and restrained narrative style.

In 1974 it was released the most famous film Shukshin “Kalina Krasnaya”, the last author’s work. The film received prestigious awards and positive reviews from critics. The story of Yegor Prokudin, who was released from prison and trying to start his life anew, literally shocked the public. Previously, such stories had not been filmed in the Union, and after the premiere, the audience cried and applauded for a long time. The film received many prizes at various film festivals.

Vasily Shukshin in the film “Kalina Krasnaya”

Giving yourself completely filming process, the director did not spare his health, and the frequent and serious attacks of peptic ulcer disease did not affect his work schedule in any way.

Many of the director’s plans never came true: the two-part film dedicated to the life of Stepan Razin and the peasant uprising did not receive permission to shoot. Vasily Shukshin was very passionate about this topic - he took notes on primary sources, studied the customs of the era, worked out the script and shooting plan. For the sake of this idea, he even refused to participate in other films, placing his main bet on “Stepan Razin”. At that time the leadership state committee the cinematography considered the big historical film untimely and very expensive, making it clear that filming was postponed indefinitely. Instead, he was assigned the painting “Stoves and Benches” (1972).

Vasily Shukshin in the film “Stoves and Benches”

Initially, the director planned to invite Leonid Kuravlev to play the main role again, but he refused and invited Shukshin to play himself. He did so, and the film received recognition from critics, who wrote and said that the role of Ivan Rastorguev was played delicately.

The next film, in which Shukshin played the leading role, became his last. Vasily Shukshin died suddenly during the final stages of filming the beloved film “They Fought for the Motherland.”

Literature

At the same time, Vasily Shukshin successfully combines cinematic work with literary work. His book “Rural Residents” was published in 1963 by the Molodaya Gvardiya publishing house. In total, Shukshin’s creative heritage includes two full-fledged novels, while the main problems of creativity are fully revealed in numerous short stories and stories that served as the basis for subsequent cinematic plans.

Vasily Shukshin at work

Shukshin's books were included in the golden fund of Soviet literature. Shukshin’s only fairy tale, “Until the Third Rooster,” stands apart. In this work the writer Once again talks about the Russian peasantry, about the riddle of the “Russian man”.

Personal life

Ex-wife of Vasily Shukshin - Maria Shumskaya

The first and only official wife The director was Maria Ivanovna Shumskaya, whom Vasily met in his youth. Unfortunately, they life paths separated on the wedding day due to Maria Ivanovna’s refusal to go with Vasily to conquer Moscow. The young wife was frightened by the instability of her future life in the capital. Leaving Maria in his native village, Shukshin went to Moscow himself and returned a few years later to ask for a divorce, since he fell in love with someone else. At that time, he had already lived for a long time with Victoria Sofronova, the daughter of the writer Anatoly Sofronov. But Maria never gave her husband a divorce, remaining his only official wife for the rest of her life. To get out of this situation, Vasily Shukshin was even forced to “lose” his passport.

Ex-wife of Vasily Shukshin - Victoria Sofronova

In 1963, Vasily Shukshin married Victoria Sofronova, and in 1965 they had a daughter, Katerina Shukshina.

Vasily Shukshin and Victoria Safronova

Ex-wife of Vasily Shukshin - Lidiya Alexandrova

In 1964, Shukshin married actress Lydia Alexandrova (better known as Lydia Chashchina, after the name of her second husband), who performed the role in the film “There Lives Such a Guy.” Their marriage did not last long. According to Alexandrova’s recollections, the reason for this was the love affairs of the great director and alcohol abuse.

Vasily Shukshin and Lidia Alexandrova

Thus, it is known that Shukshin confessed his love to Nonna Mardyukova, but Nonna Borisovna later said that they never reached a serious relationship.

Vasily Shukshin's wife - Lidiya Fedoseeva

In 1964, on the set of the film “What a Sea It Is,” Vasily Shukshin met actress Lydia Fedoseeva. For a long time he cannot give preference to one woman and maintains relationships with two at once. Lydia Fedoseeva bore him two daughters - Maria and Olga, remaining close to her husband until the very last days his life. Later Shukshin's daughters became famous actresses, and Maria Shukshina hosted the popular program “Wait for me.”

Vasily Shukshin and Lidiya Fedoseeva with their daughters

Death

The mystery of Shukshin's death remained unsolved to the end. During filming last movie with his participation in “They Fought for the Motherland,” Shukshin experienced another exacerbation of peptic ulcer disease. At times the attacks were serious; according to eyewitnesses, he walked as pale as death. According to the popular version, despite the fact that after the birth of his children Vasily Shukshin gave up alcohol, it was his addiction that killed him.

Funeral of Vasily Shukshin

However, there is another version according to which Shukshin could have been poisoned. In the end, no one told the truth, but his wife Lidiya Fedoseeva-Shukshina recalled that her husband felt danger and assumed that something might happen to him.

One day, the great director Sergei Bondarchuk said that Shukshin could have been poisoned, because on the eve of filming the actor was examined at the Kremlin hospital, and no serious pathologies were identified. According to rumors, a “heart attack” gas could have been released into the cabin of the ship where Shukshin’s body was found, which leaves no traces of exposure. And the official version of death was a heart attack.

Grave of Vasily Shukshin

Shukshin Vasily Makarovich was buried on October 7, 1974 at Novodevichy Cemetery capital Cities. Came to the funeral great amount people, and everyone left a sprig of red viburnum on the grave. Vladimir Vysotsky specially wrote a song: “In memory of Vasily Shukshin.” According to the recollections of his wife, Shukshin believed that people began to hate each other more, so with his creativity he tried to make people remember goodness. Article found on 24smi.org.

Vasily Shukshin, whose biography will be reflected in this article, was an incredible person who tried to do everything in his life, as if he had a presentiment of his early departure. He managed, despite all the difficulties, to achieve his goals and tell people his innermost thoughts through literary and cinematic works.

Childhood and youth

No one expected from the boy from the distant Altai region what he demonstrated to everyone. Born in the village of Srostki before the war, in 1929, Vasily Makarovich had to follow the fate of his ancestors and work on the land all his life. But Shukshin was not an ordinary person, he did not agree to go with the flow and allowed himself to dream.

In 1933, a terrible tragedy befell his family. Makar Leontievich, the head of the family and breadwinner, was arrested and soon shot. To save her children from the wrath of the authorities, mother Maria Sergeevna gave them her maiden name- Popova.

At the very height of the war, Vasily finished his seven-year school and went to Biysk to enroll in a technical school. For two and a half years, Shukshin’s life flowed smoothly, and then he dropped out of school and returned to his native Srostki.

Start of work

It is not surprising that in the late 40s there was constantly a shortage of money, or rather, there was simply no money. Therefore, the young man decided to move closer to the European part of the country. Not having special education, Vasily Shukshin, whose biography is a story about the life of an ordinary Soviet man, began working as a mechanic at various factories (in Kaluga, Vladimir, and the Moscow region). And in 1949 he was drafted into the army.

In 1953, Shukshin was fired from Navy due to stomach disease. And again he found himself on native land. In Srostki he passed his matriculation exams, which allowed him to go to work as a teacher. He chose Russian language and literature as his field, but, by his own admission, he was not the best teacher. At the same Srostkinskaya school he held the position of director for some time.

But even such sincere work (and Shukshin loved children very much!) could not satisfy all the ambitions of the young man.

Moscow

In 1954, Shukshin, for whom Altai was everything, decided to go to the capital and conquer Moscow. There was no money even for travel, so the mother, who tried to support her son in everything, had to sell her wet-nurse-cow.

Vasily Shukshin, whose biography is an example of how dramatically things can change human life, in 1954 he entered VGIK on a course with Romm, although he was originally going to the screenwriting department. He successfully graduated from the university in 1960.

But while still studying, his career as an actor began. Vasily Makarovich's first work was an episode in " Quiet Don", and two years later he played the main role in the film "Two Fedoras".

Literary activity

Shukshin wrote his first stories while still a sailor. Baltic Fleet, and his colleagues read them. Well, he really took up his writing career only in Moscow, when the head of the directing course, Mikhail Romm, advised him to publish in magazines.

"Smena" in 1958 published his first edited story, "Two on a Cart." In 1963, the New World magazine took over this baton. The stories “Grinka Malyugin” and “Cool Driver” appeared on its pages.

Vasily Shukshin, whose books began to enjoy popularity among readers, was approvingly received by literary critics. Many noted that they had never encountered such sincerity and love for their heroes before. The writer amazed them with his plasticity, vigilance and flair for life.

Vasily Shukshin, whose books are a reflection of Soviet rural reality, took a very responsible approach to his first novel, he conceived it back in the 1950s. And when I was in Srostki, I talked for a long time with the old-timers, wrote down all the family tales and legends. Therefore, "The Lubavins" is, in fact, a book about family legends, about hard times kulaks and collectivization, from which Shukshin’s own family also suffered. Researchers have no doubt that all the characters in the book have their prototypes in real life.

The writer's second novel was in development for a very long time. Vasily Shukshin, whose biography has never been the subject of gossip, collected material, used archives and museums of different cities, because the hero of his book was Stepan Razin. Shukshin saw him as a defender of the peasantry, a seeker of justice and an ideal guardian of the will of the common people.

The book was published in parts in magazines and only in 1974 was published in its entirety by the publishing house "Soviet Writer".

Cinema

After graduating from university, Shukshin began working as a director. He made his first film, “They Report From Lebyazhye,” while still a student - it was his excellent diploma work.

In 1964, a film based on Shukshin’s first stories was released, “There Lives Such a Guy.” That same year it won for Best Children's Film.

In addition, Shukshin performed 28 roles. He never had a shortage of such offers, but he tried to devote more time to directing. It was for this reason that Vasily Makarovich was forced to star in Bondarchuk’s film “They Fought for the Motherland.” Goskino set strict conditions for Shukshin, and if he refused the role, they could ban the production of a film about Stepan Razin - the same one that the director had dreamed of for many years.

Vasily Shukshin's films have always been distinguished by their special sincerity, and the characters in his performance are the personification of all Russian life.

"Red viburnum"

The 1974 film was the director's last, but at the same time his first in color.

This is another picture by Shukshin about Soviet reality. In it we're talking about about the recently released thief Yegor Prokudin, who comes to the village to visit his beloved woman Lyuba and begins to rebuild his life. He appears Good friends, big family... It would seem that fate is getting better. But his old friends from the colony do not want to leave Yegor alone, so he has to fight for his happiness and the life of an honest man.

"Kalina Krasnaya" is a film that German director Rainer Fassbinder called his favorite film. The film received several cinematic prizes.

It is noteworthy that the film was released practically without the edits that Goskino required, that is, it turned out to be realistic. And all because Shukshin’s ulcer worsened, and the commission, fearful of the director’s death, decided to let the movie pass without strict censorship.

Vasily Shukshin's films raise deep moral issues and demonstrate true Russian moral values.

Death

The death of Vasily Makarovich was a huge blow for his friends, relatives, and for the entire Soviet Union.

This happened in October 1974, when Shukshin was filming the film “They Fought for the Motherland.” Actor Georgy Burkov discovered the lifeless body of his friend. As it turned out later, the life of a talented person was interrupted due to heart attack. Vasily Shukshin was only forty-five years old.

Pregnancy

Vasily Shukshin’s homeland has always been a part of his life; he could not breathe the local air and talk to the people there. It was in Altai that he met his first love, Maria Shumskaya, who worked as a teacher. They got married in 1955, but Maria refused to go with her husband to Moscow. And this became her mistake.

In 1957, Shukshin asked his wife for a divorce, but Shumskaya categorically refused him. In fact, this marriage was never dissolved. Vasily Makarovich deliberately lost his passport so that the new one would not have a stamp about the ill-fated marriage.

He then married Victoria Sofronova, who gave birth to his daughter Katerina. But this union did not become durable. Since 1964, he was married to actress Lydia Chashchina, from whom he eventually left for another actress, Lydia Fedoseeva.

And so the last marriage became the happiest for Vasily Makarovich, although, again, short-lived, but then death itself intervened. Lydia and Vasily had two daughters - Maria and Olga, who became actresses.