Natural zones of Eurasia. Natural areas of continental Eurasia Comparative table of natural areas of Eurasia
home
Lesson objectives:
Didactic aspect: to generate knowledge about the reasons influencing the alternation of natural zones in Eurasia at the reproductive and partially exploratory levels.
Developmental aspect: develop the ability to compare the location of natural zones in Eurasia and North America along the 40th parallel.
Educational aspect: to develop communication skills through work in groups. Teaching methods: verbal, frontal, graphic exercises ; the nature cognitive activity
– explanatory-illustrative, reproductive, partially search. Equipment:
physical map of the hemispheres, map of geographical zones and natural zones of the world; practical work plan; cards - instructions; sheet - a diagram for a report on practical work for each student; mock-ups of symbols to indicate natural areas when demonstrated on the board; atlases for 7th grade.
| LESSON PLAN | No. | Lesson structure | Teacher activities | Student activities |
Note |
Organizing time | Welcomes students, invites students to take their place in the group, and checks their readiness to work in the group. Greets the teacher. |
They sit down in creative groups (8-9 people) and check their readiness for the lesson. |
|
Time spent – 1?. |
Goal setting and motivation
Explains that during the work it is necessary to answer the questions written on the board: Are the natural areas of Eurasia at the 40th parallel absent at the same latitude in North America and vice versa? |
2. What do you see as the main reasons for the differences in the location of natural zones on these continents? Determine the amount of work for themselves, predict possible result | of its activities. |
|
| Time spent – | Updating knowledge Asks questions to help you get involved in your work: 1. What are the features of the geographical location of Eurasia? |
2. What factors influence the formation of a natural area? | Answer the teacher's questions. | |
| Time spent – 2?. | During the classes 1. Organizes. independent work 2. Issues packages with tasks for groups (see Appendix No. 1). 3. Reminds that schoolchildren have the right to contact the teacher with questions about the content of the work or its organization. 4. After the time allotted for independent work, students are asked to report on their work in groups, drawing up the results of their work on the board, using mock-ups of symbols and magnets. 5. Specifies the time for each group’s report - no more than 5 minutes. |
1. Receive an assignment for the group. 2. Read the assignment, formulate the purpose of their work: write out and compare the natural zones of Eurasia and North America. 3. Ask the teacher questions of a clarifying nature, do the work in groups, drawing it up on sheets - diagrams practical work(see Appendix No. 2) and prepare reports. 4. Form a group for a report and defend the work done at the board. 5. Fill out the VOC on worksheets (for students of other groups) according to the model on the board. |
Time spent – 7-10?. Time spent – 12-15?. |
|
| Conclusion of the lesson | 1. Returns students to the beginning of the lesson, when questions for the entire lesson have been asked. 2. Asks to write down the answer to the question asked at the beginning of the lesson: “What do you see as the main reasons for the differences in the location of natural zones on these continents?” |
They offer their answer options and write them down in sheets - reports: 1.In Eurasia at latitude 40?N. there are no mixed natural areas deciduous forests and taiga zones. In North America there is no natural zone of variable-moist monsoon forests. 2. Having compared the alternation of natural zones along the 40th parallel, we can say that the distribution of natural zones in Eurasia and North America is most influenced by the constant wind - westerly transport; in Eurasia, additionally in the east - the monsoon. In Eurasia larger zone deserts in the center of the continent due to the large extent from west to east, with a decrease in influence Atlantic Ocean |
; In the east of the continent, under the influence of the Monsoon type of climate, variable humid forests are formed. | |
| Time spent – 8?. | Homework Sets homework: § 73 textbook by O.V. Krylova. “Continents and Oceans”, apply to contour map | Eurasia boundaries of natural zones of Eurasia. Write in a diary homework | Answer the teacher's questions. | |
| , ask questions about it. | Lesson summary | Answer the teacher's questions. |
Summarizes the lesson, comments on the grades for the lesson, thanks for the work.
- Basically, the natural zones of Eurasia vary by latitude. But there are two factors that determine the change in zoning in the vertical direction:
- heterogeneous terrain;
influence of the World Ocean in coastal areas.
Let's consider the main natural zones that are located on the mainland in the direction from north to south.
Rice. 1. Map of natural areas of Eurasia
|
Name of the natural area |
Geographical position |
|
Arctic deserts |
Islands of the Arctic Ocean |
|
Tundra and Forest-tundra |
Northern parts of Europe with expansion into eastern Eurasia. Part of Iceland |
|
Scandinavian Peninsula, most of Russia, West Side islands of japan |
|
|
Mixed forests |
Baltic countries, European part Russia. |
|
Broadleaf forests |
Countries of Europe, East Coast Pacific Ocean |
|
Hardleaf evergreen forests (Mediterranean) |
Southern regions of Europe |
|
Forest-steppe and steppe |
Black Sea region, Kazakhstan, North-Eastern part of Mongolia. |
|
Deserts and semi-deserts |
Arabian Peninsula, Caspian countries, China |
|
Savannas and woodlands |
India, Southeast of the continent |
|
Variably humid forests |
Pacific coast in Southeast regions, a narrow strip of the Hindustan Peninsula. |
|
Constantly wet equatorial and rainforests |
Indian Ocean Islands |
Almost all natural zones, with the exception of humid equatorial and tropical forests, are located on the mainland.
Characteristics of zones
The high latitude zone is characterized by a harsh cold climate with long winters and short summer. There is little vegetation and poor animal world. Northern latitudes from approximately 71° are considered the Arctic zone. A little lower are the tundra and forest-tundra. They are best expressed in Russia. There is also little vegetation and cold climate on the island of Iceland.
TOP 4 articleswho are reading along with this
The taiga originates on the Scandinavian Peninsula. Thanks to the maritime climate, winters here are milder and there are no piercing winds, as in the continental part. Before Ural mountains In this zone, mainly pine and spruce trees are found. In the central part they are joined by fir and cedar. In the territory Eastern Siberia larch grows. Taiga is a huge forest with great potential. An important part of the industry is hunting for fur-bearing animals.
Most of Europe and a little of near Asia are covered with broadleaf forests. This region temperate zone It is considered the most favorable for life not only of plants and animals, but also of people. It's comfortable here in winter and not too hot in summer. There is an average amount of precipitation throughout the year.
Rice. 2. Steppe in Europe
The position just below the forests is occupied by the forest-steppe and steppe zone. This is the territory of rich fertile lands - black soils. The largest farmlands are concentrated in the European part. To the east, deeper into the continent, the situation changes slightly. There, the steppe area is located near the mountains and has a very arid climate.
Central Eurasia is covered with desert areas. Their location is similar to internal basins: around mountains, far from the ocean. This affects the level of evaporation, which is very high here, and precipitation is insignificant. The vegetation is represented mainly by succulents, and the unique animal world has been practically exterminated. Deserts are inhabited by insects, rodents and reptiles.
The desert occupies the largest area of the Eurasian continent. In addition, it is also the largest natural area in the World. It accounts for 1/5 of the planet's total land mass.
In the subtropical climatic zone tropical rainforests are located. In Europe, this belt is called rigid-leaved. Presented on the North Coast Mediterranean Sea. Very good here fertile soils, allowing you to grow heat-loving fruits and vegetables.
Eastern Eurasia and the Pacific coast have a slightly different type of subtropical climate. There is a lot of precipitation here, but only in summer. Once upon a time, vast Asian territories were covered with green forests. But now the overpopulation of this region has led to the fact that the forests have been cut down and the land has been built up with buildings. Unique world plants and animals were preserved only in protected areas near temples and gorges.
Nature of the lower latitudes
The peninsulas of Hindustan and Malacca, Burma are located in the savannah zone. Nature is represented by many types of drought-resistant tall trees with vines.
Low latitudes equatorial belt- these are wet equatorial forests. Palms and fruit trees are harvested several times a year. This includes warm island countries, representing good tourism potential.
It is worth highlighting areas with altitudinal zones. They have their own climate, vegetation and fauna. Mountains encircle the entire continent and run in a strip from West to East. The highest mountain system in Eurasia is the Himalayas.
What have we learned?
Eurasia is the largest continent in the world, containing all existing natural areas. If you're wondering which is the biggest, it's the desert. The most favorable regions for living are in the temperate climate zone. The forests are dominated by taiga forests.
Test on the topic
Evaluation of the report
average rating: 4.4. Total ratings received: 236.
Practicaljob #1.“Comparison of natural zones along the 40th parallel on the continents of Eurasia and North America»
Target: identify similarities and differences in the location of natural zones along the 40th parallel of the continents of Eurasia and North America
Tasks:
Educational: consolidate the concept of “natural zones”, the diversity of natural zones along the 40 parallel continents of Eurasia and North America and the factors influencing them geographical position
Developmental : continue the formation of students’ cognitive activity, development of the ability to compare the data received and draw appropriate conclusions
Educational: cultivate interest in the subject, attentiveness when working with maps
1.Updating knowledge:
Define the concept of “natural area”. How are they most often located? What is “latitudinal zoning”? What are the main reasons for its occurrence? How does the law manifest itself? altitudinal zone"? Why on the Eurasian continent are natural zones located not only from north to south, but also from west to east?
2.Work on the atlas and demonstration map " Natural areas peace"
Show the 40th parallel of the northern hemisphere on the map. What continents does it cross? Name and show the natural areas located on this parallel on the North American continent? Show and name the natural areas located at the 40th parallel on the Eurasian continent? What interesting things did you notice about the location of natural areas on these continents? What natural zones are repeated on two continents? Why? What is the difference?
3. Completing the practical part:
1fill out the table using the atlas:
2.Write your conclusion, indicating the reasons that influence the difference in the natural zones of the two continents along the 40th parallel.
4.The planned result of the work performed by students:
Students fill out the table. Then write a conclusion indicating the factors. influencing differences in the location of natural zones along the 40th parallel.
Description of practical work
on the continents of Eurasia and North America"
According to the drawn up work program, the practical work “Comparison of natural zones along the 40th parallel on the continents of Eurasia and North America” is carried out in class when studying the topic “Natural zones of Eurasia”.
The purpose of the lesson: to develop students’ ideas and knowledge about the peculiarities of the nature of Eurasia.
Continue to develop the ability to establish cause-and-effect relationships between various components of nature and explain the features of the adaptability of living organisms to living conditions, and draw independent conclusions.
Determine which natural area can really be called “ lungs of the planet" and why
Equipment: Physical card of the world, map “Natural zones”, atlases, geography textbook 7th grade.
Methods of cognitive activity of students: comparative, analysis, generalization.
In the course of practical work, the teacher updates knowledge, where he reinforces the concepts of “natural zone”, “latitudinal zonality”, “altitudinal zone”.
Expands students’ knowledge on the topic “Natural areas” », establishing cause-and-effect relationships of the location of natural areas on the mainland.
At the next stage, the teacher explains the stages of practical work, paying attention to the children’s use various sources additional information: thematic atlases, reference books.
Then students move on to the practical part, filling out the table proposed by the teacher, and writing down their conclusions.
When carrying out all the described stages of work, students complete it without difficulty. Students enjoy this hands-on activity. that when making a comparison on the map, differences in the location of natural zones are immediately visible. The table proposed by the teacher is filled out quickly and without errors. The conclusion reflects the ability of seventh-graders to analyze and synthesize the results obtained.
Analysis
practical work
“Comparison of natural zones along the 40th parallel
on the continents of Eurasia and North America."
Practical work “Comparison of natural zones at 40 degrees north latitude.” in Eurasia and North America."
Goals:
1. Consolidate and test knowledge of the law of latitudinal zonality and the action of azonal factors.
2. Strengthen the ability to work climate maps and maps of natural zones, comparing indicators of different continents.
Equipment.
Atlases.
Progress.
/Students need to fill in the gaps in the sentences. To “5” the answers should be something like the ones below./
1. At 40 degrees north latitude. in S.A. replace each other PZ: ….hardleaf evergreen forests, sub-districts and deserts, l/s and steppes, mixed and wide forests, and in Eurasia – ... hardleaf evergreen of forests, l/s and steppes, subsistence and deserts, l/s and steppes, changes in humid forests.
2. Large area in S.A. occupy PZ: ...l / s and steppes, mixed and wide forests, and in Eurasia - ... p/n and deserts, since ... S.A. has a shorter extent from west to east and in the center of the continent is not as dry as in the center of Eurasia; Winds from the oceans bring very little moisture to the center of Eurasia, and in such conditions there can only be a desert zone.
3. Smaller area in S.A. occupies the zone... p/n and deserts, because... only in the Cordillera mountains, where moisture from the ocean is retained by them, it is very dry and other PPs cannot form there,and in Eurasia they occupy a smaller area... l/s and steppes, because... For the formation of this zone at a given latitude, there is either little moisture or (in the east) a lot of moisture, and changing moist forests grow there.
4. At this latitude, both in S.A. and in Eurasia, there is more than one zone, as it should be by law...latitudinal zonality,and several zones, since this law is violated...the influence of the relief (Cordillera in S.A., the Caucasus, Tien Shan and other mountains in Eurasia), the length of the continent from west to east (especially Eurasia), the influence of the oceans (especially the Pacific in Eurasia, since the monsoons come from it in the summer, bringing precipitation).
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
Practical work in chemistry in grade 7 on the topic “Purification of contaminated table salt” Lesson type - application of knowledge in practice. During practical work, students learn to isolate...
The resource contains a lesson summary and a presentation on the topic " Differentiation S-Sh in words and syllables" conducted in the 2nd grade of a correctional school of the VIII type. Solves the problem: teach children to distinguish the sounds s-sh...
The publication contains a outline of a speech therapy group lesson on the topic “Use relative adjectives in the role of high-quality" and applications containing practical material (maps...
Geography lesson in 7th grade. Topic: "Natural areas of Africa. Deserts"
A lesson on the topic "Natural areas of Africa. Deserts" was developed using modular technology. The lesson is taught using ICT and showing fragments of the BBC film "Wild Africa"....
Natural area: polar deserts
Territory: Far North of Eurasia
Climate zone: arctic
The soil: covered with glaciers
Plants: almost none, occasionally mosses and lichens, marsh sedge
Animals: polar bears, lemmings, bird colonies in summer, rarely white arctic fox, arctic fish, seals and walruses.
Natural area: tundra and forest-tundra
Territory: Far North of Eurasia
Climate zone: subarctic
The soil: permafrost
Plants: sedge, other herbs, mosses, shrubs. To the south are dwarf trees such as arctic birch.
Animals: a lot of fish, polar mallard, White Owl, reindeer, lemming, arctic fox, seal, walrus, northern partridge, wolves.
Natural area: taiga (coniferous forests)
Territory: Northern Europe, Far East, Siberia
Climate zone: moderate
The soil: permafrost
Plants: spruce, pine, cedar, larch, fir
Animals: Brown bear, wolf, brown hare, musk deer, elk, sable, otter, beaver, squirrel, ermine, roe deer, mole, chicken, many birds (nutcracker, crossbill, tit) and so on. Lots of fur-bearing animals.
Natural area: moderate mixed forests(including monsoon)
Territory: Central European Plain, areas on Far East, Western Siberia, northern Europe.
Climate zone: moderate
The soil: forest brown and podzolic
Plants: spruce, pine, fir, maple, oak, ash, willow, marsh sedge, birch, apple tree, elm, linden
Animals: brown bear, wolf, brown hare, fox, squirrel, wild boar, sika deer, roe deer, various birds (nightingale, capercaillie, pheasant, wagtail, rook, falcon, oriole, lark, lapwing, black grouse, sparrow, crow, magpie, partridge, quail and others)
Natural area: steppes and forest-steppes
Territory: southern part of the East European (Russian) Plain, Mongolia, Southern Urals, Kazakhstan, China
Climate zone: moderate
The soil: black soil (the most fertile)
Plants: feather grass, dream grass, steppe reed, fescue, wormwood, oats, sheep, wild apple trees, willows, lindens and poplars in groups, and so on
Animals: steppe wolf, brown hare, steppe eagle, bustard, hawk, bobak, gophers, steppe harrier, owl, saigas, saigas, jerboas.
Natural area: semi-deserts and deserts
Territory: Karakum, Gobi, Registan, Kyzylkum, Arabian Desert, Taklamakan and other deserts in Southwest Asia and Central Asia
Climate zone: arid
The soil: dry sandy, clayey or rocky. Often salted
Plants: rare - camel thorn, tamarisk, spiny acacia, saxaul, wormwood, elm, cotton, solyanka. Trees are only on oases.
Animals: poisonous cobra and other snakes, jerboa, giraffe, sand mice, saiga antelope, saiga, bobak, gopher, lizards
Natural area: altitudinal areas (mountains)
Territory: Himalayas, Pamirs, Tien Shan, Alps, Carpathians, Caucasus, Crimean mountains, Apennines, Pyrenees, Sayans, Urals, Sikhote-Alin
Climate zone: any of those listed in this table
The soil: rocky mountain
Plants: from the treeless rocky deserts at the very top of the mountain ranges, where only isolated mosses and lichens grow, the vegetation increases as one returns to the foot of the mountains. After deserts come grassy alpine meadows, then a forest belt or desert-steppe is possible.
Animals: depending on the mountain system - mountain sheep, mouflon, mountain goat, wild pig, muskox, Himalayan black bear, antelope, yak, musk deer, chamois, wild goat, Snow Leopard(irbis), wild horse On the Sikhote-Alin ridge in the Russian Far East - mandarin duck, Ussuri tiger, leopard (the big cats are in danger of extinction)
Natural area: subtropical, tropical moist (including monsoon) forests
Territory: Far East, Mediterranean, India, Southeast Asia, China
Climate zone: tropics and subtropics
The soil: black soil, yellow soil, red soil
Plants: tangerines, oranges, lemons, palm trees, cypresses, cypress, begonias, other tall
herbs, orchids, vines
Animals: in the Far East - Ussuri tiger, mandarin duck, leopard. In general, wolves, monkeys, elephants, eagles, parrots, toucans, chameleons, a wide variety of butterflies, bats
Natural area: moist equatorial forests (jungles)
Territory: south India, Southeast Asia
Climate zone: subequatorial and equatorial
The soil: red soil
Plants: mangroves, various palm trees, mosses, coconuts, papaya, vines, banana, orchids, wet mosses
Animals: Bengal tiger, crocodile, monitor lizard, elephants, monkeys, rhinoceros, hippopotamus, squirrels, flying squirrels, parrots, flying fish, termites, a wide variety of lizards, insects and butterflies.