Omar Khayyam who is he? Omar Khayyam: short biography, interesting facts, video

home

People feel something, but they can’t understand what. They are drawn to his poems. It is not without reason that they say about Omar Khayyam’s poems that they know neither time nor national boundaries, they excite people’s thoughts, forcing them to think about the meaning of their lives.”

Anastia Novykh "Sen Sei" Many of the Internet users and especially those who are registered in in social networks

, met amazing quatrains about life - rubai. The most famous and popular rubai poet in the world is Omar Khayyam, whose biography is amazing story

worthy of a separate story. His quatrains, full of humor and life wisdom, audacity towards the great of this world, talk about his attitude to life and love for a woman.

Omar Khayyam. Biography of an idol

I came across the amazing life story of Omar Khayyam in Anastasia Novykh’s book “Sen Sei. Original Shambhala. Part IV." I have already mentioned this book several times in my posts. I’ll tell you for those who are interested in it: in the book you can find not only Interesting Facts from life famous people . It also contains a lot of information for the mind and soul, and practically provides a system of actions for those who want to become a Human. For everyone who is interested in this book, I suggest downloading it from in electronic format

. Downloading on the Internet is free.

Omar Khayyam. An amazing biography of a genius Giyasaddin Abu-l-Fath Omar ibi Ibrahim Khayyam Nishapuri was born on May 18

1048 in Nishapur (modern Iran). With his discoveries in various branches of science, he was ahead of the time in which he lived. Even contemporaries admire the genius of this man. Already at the age of twenty-five, Omar became the author of scientific treatises on philosophy, history, astronomy, medicine, geometry, algebra, physics, Arabic literature and language. Omar Khayyam (1048 - 1131) was called a real scientist with capital letters

To understand the genius of this man, I suggest you read a short excerpt from Anastasia Novykh’s book “Sen Sei. Original Shambhala. Part IV." I think retelling would be unnecessary. Impressed by the book and the story about this genius, I am afraid to lose at least one sentence from what I wrote.

“Omar Khayyam was able to make a huge contribution to the development of human science, making a number of most important discoveries in the field of mathematics, astronomy, physics... For the first time in

the history of the development of mathematical disciplines of this civilization gave a complete classification of all types of equations, including linear, square, cubic. He developed a systematic theory for solving cubic equations and substantiated the theory for solving algebraic equations.

In addition, he developed mathematical theory music. Described a method for extracting any degree from integers. I'm not even talking about the rest of the theories and formulas that Omar Khayyam provided to the world, relating not only to mathematics and astronomy, but especially to physics.
This was precisely the knowledge that would have greatly accelerated the process of mankind’s comprehension of scientific disciplines and, accordingly, in a centuries-long ratio, would have brought the scientific and technological progress of a given civilization much closer, bypassing the era of “darkness” and “selfish superstitions.” But alas, people remain people...

Moreover, in those days Omar Khayyam was known as the greatest astronomer of his time. And if all his treatises on this discipline had reached modern scientists, then now people, thanks to this knowledge, would have advanced far ahead in science, for in his works there is knowledge that today’s astronomers, with all their the latest equipment, not yet open...

It was Omar who was entrusted with the construction of the largest observatory in the world at that time in Isfahan. It was built according to Omar’s drawings and subsequently headed by him. Omar has selected a good team. Officially he was tasked with developing new calendar, which he successfully accomplished. But in parallel with this work, Omar not only improved observation equipment by developing a reflecting telescope, he derived the astronomical tables “Zinji Malik Shahi” (named by him in honor of Malik Shah, as was then customary).

But most importantly, he did something that was completely extraordinary for that time: he combined physics and astronomy in formulas and laws, which even today remain not only relevant, but also largely unknown to modern scientists. Just look at his description of the now so-called “dark matter,” the essence of which scientists still cannot get to the bottom of.”

Well, and of course, dear friends, I suggest you listen to the amazing poems of Omar Khayyam. Agree that the biography of such a genius simply obliges us to bow down and devote a few of our precious minutes to timeless truths.

By the way, many of his rubai saw the light of day thanks to Edward Fitzgerald, an English poet who lived in the 18th century and became famous for his translations of Omar Khayyam’s quatrains.

Like many others, I knew very little about this legendary man: meager facts from Wikipedia could tell only that he was a brilliant Persian mathematician, astronomer and poet. Reading the life story of Omar Khayyam, I understood why I always liked the work of this unfairly forgotten poet.

Before publishing this material, I spent a long time selecting videos with poems. After listening to several videos, my soul is calm, it seems that peace and wisdom have been passed down through the centuries. I wish this to everyone state of mind, Dear friends. And see you on the literary pages of the blog.

Khayyam Omar Hayam Career: Poet
Birth: Tajikistan, 18.5.1048 - 4.12
Omar Khayyam is a world-famous Persian poet, philosopher, mathematician, astronomer, and astrologer. Born on May 18, 1048. Omar Khayyam is best known for his rubaiyat quatrains, the invention of the calendar, and the classification of cubic equations.

Omar Khayyam was born in Khorasan, in ancient city Nishapur, in the family of a wealthy artisan, perhaps the elder of a weaving guild who made fabrics for tents and tents. Obviously, the craft of his ancestors was honorable, because Khayyam - the poet's pseudonym - comes from the word "khaima" (tent, tent).

Having received his initial education in his hometown, Khayyam moved to Balkh to study. To further improve his knowledge in the 70s of the 11th century, Khayyam settled in Samarkand - the largest scientific center that time.

Of all the sciences, young Khayyam was most fascinated by mathematics. A treatise that has not reached us brought him fame." Tough questions mathematics" and the one that followed - "Explanations of the difficult in the conclusions of Euclid." Soon Khayyam moved to Bukhara at the invitation of the ruler, a prince from the Karakhanid family. There he was received with great honors. The ruler of Bukhara, talking with Khayyam, "sat him next to him to the throne as a sign of the highest respect."

By this time, the huge empire of the Great Seljuks, who came from the nomadic Turkmen Oghuz tribe, had quickly grown and established itself. In 1055, the Seljuk Sultan Toghrul Beg conquered Baghdad and declared himself the spiritual head of all Muslims.

The Caliph was decisively deprived of all political elite, which had a great beneficial effect on the cultural formation of the peoples inhabiting the vast countries of the Middle East.

Under Sultan Malik Shah, the Great Seljuk Empire extended from the borders of China to Mediterranean Sea, from India to Byzantium. The head of the new state was the eminent Nizam-ul-mulk, the most educated man of his century, who had great talent for government. Under him, industry and trade flourished. He patronized the sciences, established educational institutions-madrassas in big cities and recreated the Baghdad Nizamiye Academy.

At his invitation, Omar Khayyam moved to the capital of the new state, Isfahan, and became an honorary confidant of the Sultan.

Legend says that Nizam-ud-mulk proposed to Khayyam to rule the city of Nishapur and the entire surrounding region. Khayyam replied: “I don’t want to rule people, order and prohibit, but I want to devote all my intellect to science for the benefit of people!”

By this time, Khayyam was known as the greatest astronomer of his age. He was entrusted with the construction of the world's largest observatory. As a result of his long-term observations of starry sky, he reorganized the calendar five hundred years before the restructuring of Pope Gregory XIII.

When did Khayyam create his quatrains? Obviously, throughout life, until old age. Under no circumstances did he write laudatory odes to rulers, under no circumstances was he a court flatterer expecting favors and handouts. We imagine him as a proud and independent man, full of dignity.

His quatrains - rubai - broke through like springs from the depths folk art. Each quatrain of Khayyam is a small poem. Khayyam carved out the form of the quatrain, like an expensive cobblestone, established the internal laws of the rubai, and in this area he has no equal.

A lot has been said about Khayyam - a scientist, a philosopher. Eight of his scientific works have reached us - mathematical, astronomical, philosophical and medical. This is by no means his entire legacy. Much has either perished or has not yet been found. In one quatrain he says:

"The secrets of the world that I concluded in a secret notebook,

I hid it from people for my own safety.”

This secret notebook of Khayyam is revealed to us in his magnificent quatrains, where he, with extraordinary power, strongly and completely expresses what he could not utter in his scientific works because of the harsh conditions of his time, because of the oppression of religion that weighed on him. How sarcastically he mocks in his poems at ostentatious holiness, at the institutions of Sharia, which he considers meaningless, at everything that oppresses and crushes the living soul. He denies the existence of hell and heaven, denies existence after death, laughs at fasting and prayers, which was the greatest blasphemy in the eyes of the official zealots of Islam.

The eighteen-year period of Khayyam's life in Isfahan was the happiest and most creatively fruitful time of his life under the protection of powerful patrons.

In 1092, Nizam-ul-mulk was killed by conspirators. A month later, Malik Shah died in the prime of his life. A fierce battle for the top began. The empire began to fall apart into separate feudal states. Funds for the observatory were no longer released. Khayyam's position was becoming dangerous. His enemies and persecutors raised their heads. The historian writes: “To save his eyes, ears and head, Sheikh Omar Khayyam undertook the hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca).” The journey to holy places in that era lasted sometimes for years... Returning from the Hajj, Omar Khayyam settled in Baghdad, where he became a professor at the Nizamiye Academy. His temper has changed. He became stern, withdrawn and “slammed the gates of his house in front of his former friends and like-minded people.” Years passed, a comparative system was established in the country. The son of Nizam-ul-mulk came to power, striving to continue the policies of his father. Covered with glory, the great scientist Omar Khayyam returned to nearby Nishapur. By that time he was clearly over 70 years old. He spent the last years of his life in his homeland, in blessed Khorasan, surrounded by honor and respect the best people of its time. His persecutors did not dare to deal with him.

Khayyam's quatrains are full of deep philosophical thoughts. He mourns over the unsettled nature of human destinies, over the doom of human life. These quatrains were clearly born during the years of his wanderings, when he became the target of bullying and persecution by low and hypocritical people, whom he so always hated.

The great humanist and lover of life, Khayyam affirms existence, glorifies the beauty and spiritual greatness of man. The deep understanding of his poetic images does not give us reasons for a mystical, Sufi interpretation of them, but behind every realistic picture, be it a pottery workshop, or a shard of a jug, which was once the skull of the Shah, hides a solid and priceless symbol: he glorifies his beloved, and although She is mortal, like all people, she becomes a deity, for whom he renounces paradise. He glorifies the feast, but it is a feast of high thoughts and noble feelings - Plato's feast. The cup of wine is the magical cup of Jamshid, the cup of the human mind that embraces the whole world. A bunch of drunken revelers turns out to be wherever you throw the chosen sages.

In some quatrains landscapes appear, amazing in their purity and transparency of colors. Khayyam, who spoke so much about the jug, cup and wine, was neither a drunkard nor a reveler. To the great sage, scientist, who worked throughout his long hundred-year period until last hour, it could hardly have occurred to him to indulge in revelry.

“Hell and heaven are in heaven,” say the bigots.

I looked into myself and became convinced of the lie:

Hell and heaven are not circles in the courtyard of the universe,

Hell and heaven are two halves of the soul.

In order to face fate, it is useful to suppress the murmur,

To get people in, a flattering whisper is useful,

I tried to be cunning and cunning,

But every time my fate put my skill to shame.

I know the very appearance of pompous asses:

Empty as a drum, and so many loud words!

They are slaves of names. Just make up a name for yourself

And each of them is ready to crawl before you.

Also read biographies famous people:

Omar Sharif Omar Sharif

Omar Sharif is a famous Hollywood actor of Egyptian origin. Born on April 10, 1932, Omar Sharif began acting in films in 1954. On the..

Omar Karami Omar Karami

A lawyer by training, he studied at the American University of Beirut and has a master's degree in business and management from Cairo University (1960). IN..

Omar Al-Bashir Omar Al-Bashir

President of Sudan. Came to power as a result of a military coup in 1989.

Omar Omarov Omar Omarov

Omar Omarov - rector of Dagestan state university. Born on October 26, 1938. Omar Omarov Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences,..

Omar Khayyam is a poet, scientist, philosopher, astronomer and mathematician of Persian origin. He is known throughout the world as a great poet, whose poems and sayings carry a deep philosophical meaning. But few people know about the scientist’s other achievements. So, for example, he made a significant contribution to the development of algebra, namely to the construction of classifications of cubic equations and finding their solutions using conic sections.

The name of Omar Khayyam in eastern countries

Iran and Afghanistan remember Omar Khayyam as the creator of the most accurate calendar, which is still used today. The great teacher had no less great students, among whom were such scholars as Muzafar al-Asfizari and Abdurahman al-Khazini.

The scientist lived more than eight centuries ago, so it is not surprising that his biography is full of secrets and inaccuracies. Omar Khayyam lived very rich life, in which the features of oriental education were present. I wonder what full name The philosopher sounds as follows - Giyasaddin Abu-l-Fatih Omar ibn Ibrahim al-Khayyam Nishapuri. Each name carries a certain meaning:

• Giyasaddin - translated means "help of religion."
• Abul Fatih - it is implied that he is Fatih's father. However, he did not have a son with that name.
• Omar is a personal name.
• Ibrahim is the son of Ibrahim.
• Khayyam is a textile master. This is probably an indication of the father's profession.
• Nishapuri is the location, the place where he comes from.

The early years of the future scientist and poet

The Persian philosopher Omar Khayyam was born in the city of Nishapuri, which was located in Khorasan (currently an Iranian province). His father was a textile worker. The family also had a daughter, Omar’s younger sister, Aisha. At the age of eight, the boy became seriously interested in the exact sciences - mathematics and astronomy. A little later, philosophy was added to his hobbies.

Twelve-year-old Omar Khayyam enters the Nishapur madrasah (analogous high school). Later he studied in other madrassas: Baalkh, Samarkand and Bukhara. He graduated with honors from a course in Islamic law and medicine and received the specialization of a hakim, that is, a doctor. However, the future poet did not plan to connect his life with medicine. He was much more interested in mathematics and astronomy. In order to deepen his knowledge in the areas that interested him, Omar Khayyam studied the works of Greek mathematicians and Thabit ibn Kura, a recognized mathematician and astronomer in his time.

Childhood and youth young man passed during the brutal Seljuk conquests in Central Asia. Was killed a large number of educated people, including outstanding scientists. In the preface to his book “Algebra”, he mentions these times and mourns such significant losses for science.

The turning point and further training of Omar Khayyam

At the age of sixteen, Omar Khayyam Nishapuri first encountered the death of people close to him. During the epidemic, his father dies, and soon his mother. After this, Omar leaves his father’s house and sells his workshop, collects his few belongings and goes to Samarkand.

Samarkand in those days was considered the most progressive center of science, culture and art in the East. Here Omar becomes a student of one of the educational institutions. But after a spectacular performance at one of the debates, he so impressed everyone present with his education and erudition that he was promoted to the rank of teacher.

Most of the great minds of that time traveled a lot, not staying in one place for long, as his biography indicates. Omar Khayyam often changed his place of residence, especially in his early years. Just 4 years later, the scientist leaves Samarkand and moves to Bukhara, where he begins to work in a book storage room. Omar spends the next ten years in Bukhara and writes books.

The result of long and hard work is the publication of four thorough treatises on mathematics.

Isfahan period of life

In 1074, an outstanding scientist received an invitation from Isfahan, the capital of the Sanjar state. The invitation came from the Seljuk Sultan Melik Shah I. Having assessed the scientist’s potential, on the advice of the court vizier Nezam al-Mulk, he promoted Omar to the sultan’s spiritual advisor.

After two years of successful service, the Sultan appointed Omar Khayyam as head of the palace observatory, which, by the way, was one of the largest in the world at that time. This position opened up new opportunities for the scientist. Continuing his studies in mathematics, he delved into the study of astronomy and very soon succeeded in this field, becoming a successful astronomer.

Astronomy and mathematical works

With the help of court scientists, he was able to create a solar calendar, which was distinguished by a greater percentage of accuracy in comparison with the Gregorian calendar. His merit was the compilation of the Malikshah Astronomical Tables, which included a small star catalogue.

One of the most outstanding works of the scientist can be called “Comments on the difficulties in the introductions of the book of Euclid,” which was published in 1077. Three books devoted to this topic were written by Omar Khayyam. Books number two and three contained studies of the theory of relations and the doctrine of number.

In 1092, Sultan Melik Shah died, and the vizier Nezam al-Mulk was killed a few weeks before. The Sultan's son and heir Sanjar and his mother did not like the head of the observatory. It is assumed that the heir's hostility is explained by the fact that when he suffered from smallpox as a child, Omar, who was treating him, in a conversation with the vizier, doubted that the boy would survive. The conversation overheard by the servant was conveyed to Sanjar.

After the death of the Sultan, which is associated with the intensification of Islamist sentiments, Omar Khayyam, who was literally immediately accused of atheism, was forced to promptly leave the capital of the Seljuk state.

The last period of the life of Omar Khayyam

They learned about the last period of the scientist and poet’s life from the words of his contemporary Beyhaki, who relied on the story of one of Omar’s close associates. Once, while reading “The Book of Healing,” Omar Khayyam felt the approach of his death. He bookmarked a section that dealt with a difficult metaphysical process called "The One in the Many." After that, he called his loved ones to make a will and say goodbye. Then the scientist began to pray, his last words were addressed to God.

Thus ended the life of the great scientist and his biography. Omar Khayyam opposed traditional religious rites, so only the closest people were present at the funeral. Later his grave took on the appearance shown in the photograph.

Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam and contribution to world literature

During his lifetime, Omar Khayyam was known for his works and discoveries in scientific field. However, he was also interested in philosophy and poetry. Thus, many poetic aphorisms called rubai were composed by Omar Khayyam. The poems contained the author's thoughts about human life and knowledge.

It is interesting that over the years the number of poems whose authorship was attributed to Omar Khayyam grew steadily and reached 5,000 quatrains. It is known that many freethinkers used the name of the scientist to convey their thoughts to the general public. Scientists believe that Omar Khayyam, whose quotes are so firmly entrenched in the minds of modern literature lovers, composed from 300 to 500 poems. However, it is impossible to determine for certain which of them really belong to the philosopher.

Many of Omar Khayyam’s phrases are replete with free-thinking, open-mindedness, and may also seem blasphemous for that time.

For a long time after the death of the scientist, the name of Omar Khayyam was forgotten. By chance, the recordings of the poems fell into the hands of the English poet Edward Fitzgerald, who, interested in the find, translated the works into Latin, and later into English language. Since Omar Khayyam wrote about love and life, the book from his rubaiyat became very popular in Victorian England and beyond.

He has poems that can inspire in a difficult period of life, and there are those that will allow the reader to look into the dark depths of his soul. These short poems are permeated with wisdom, sadness and humor; all the most vital and valuable things are collected in the rubai of Omar Khayyam.

The fame of Omar Khayyam quickly spread throughout the world, and knowledge of his work became a sign of education. Interest in Omar’s work prompted many to become familiar with other works of his life, thanks to which scientific achievements were rediscovered, rethought and expanded.

His biography is shrouded in legends and speculation. Omar Khayyam is one of the luminaries of world literature, but during his lifetime little was known about his literary achievements. The only thing we can say with certainty is that the man was a true genius of his era, talented and gifted in many areas. His poetic genius was distinguished by wisdom, audacity, humor and love. Although it is impossible to say with certainty which rubai were written by the poet himself, nevertheless, almost all quatrains are imbued with philosophical thoughts, combining flexibility of rhythm, clarity and conciseness. Free spirit and freethinking are present in every second poem.

Edward Fitzgerald's free translation became one of the most successful and popular at the beginning of the twentieth century. Later, other writers and amateurs began to translate. Currently, Omar Khayyam’s phrases are quoted by everyone: presenters festive events, V student works and just in Everyday life if successful.

Omar Khayyam, whose quotes became widely known and in demand many centuries later, developed the rubaiyat genre and brought it to perfection, leaving a message for subsequent generations, imbued with freethinking that was not accepted in ancient times.

Literary heritage

His world-famous quatrains encourage readers to experience all the earthly human happiness that is available to people. Hundreds of Omar Khayyam's rubai about love and life remind that every moment life path is priceless and important, they tell that the truth, known by a loving heart, is opposed to universal lies and delusions, the sermons of priests and the teachings of ascetics.

True love and true wisdom in Omar’s poems are not mutually exclusive, but go side by side, qualitatively complementing a person’s life. The phrases of Omar Khayyam, passed down from generation to generation, convey life experience humanity, filled bright images and the beauty of the style.

The poet had wit and sarcasm, thanks to which he managed to create works that could raise the spirit of life in Hard time, which give strength to confront problems, force you to think and reason. Omar Khayyam, whose life wisdom was embodied in his work, made Persian literature famous throughout the world.

The literary work of Omar Khayyam stands separately from Persian poetry, although it is an important component of it. Khayyam became the first author whose literary character is distinguished by rebellion and rebellion. This phenomenon revived literature as such, giving it a certain charm and new breath.

Omar Khayyam, whose poems deny unjust power, religion, stupidity and bigotry, is the author of works that became revolutionary not only for his time, but also for the 20th century. The poet's aphorisms are known in most countries of the world, no educated person, who has never heard this name - Omar Khayyam. One can only envy and admire the wisdom of this great man’s life and his genius, which was far ahead of its time.

Contributions to mathematics

Omar Khayyam made a great contribution to the development of mathematics. He owns the “Treatise on Proofs of Problems in Algebra and Almukabala”, in which we're talking about about solving equations of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd degrees; an analysis of the geometric method for solving cubic equations is also provided. He also gave the first definition of the science of algebra that has come down to our times.

In 1077, Omar Khayyam completed work on another important mathematical work - “Comments on the difficulties in the introductions of the book of Euclid.” The collection consisted of three volumes. The first presented the original theory of parallel lines, two latest volumes devoted to improving the theories of ratios and proportions.

1. He was distinguished by extremely freedom-loving thinking for his era.
2. According to contemporaries, he was lazy and a workaholic at the same time, everything depended on circumstances and mood.
3. He did not stand on ceremony when communicating even with high-ranking persons, he had a caustic mind and a phenomenal memory.
4. When Omar Khayyam walked through the streets or participated in symposiums, everyone made way for him with the words: “The Teacher is coming.” He was respected in scientific circles, while priests and other religious leaders disliked him and were sometimes even afraid of him. The denial of traditional religious foundations is what Omar Khayyam stood for.
5. The scientist's books became a breakthrough for that time.
6. Almost nothing is known about his personal life. There is no mention of his wife or children.

Important moments in the life of a philosopher

Life in dates - scientist, poet and philosopher Omar Khayyam:

• date of birth and death - 06/18/1048-12/4/1131;
• study and teaching in Samarkand - 1066-1070;
• moving to Isfahan - 1074;
• writing works on mathematics and astronomy - 1074-1110.

Despite the fact that Omar Khayyam lived more than eight centuries ago, the ideas put forward in his poems are still relevant today. His biography has been marked by difficulties and health problems in recent years. Omar Khayyam was forced to make a pilgrimage to Mecca, which at his age was not the easiest thing to do.

He spent the last years of his life in solitude due to the aggravation of religious sentiments in society and constant persecution on this basis.

Unfortunately, images of Omar Khayyam have not survived, and his appearance remains a mystery for admirers of the work of this outstanding man. However, this did not stop him from erecting many monuments in some Persian-speaking countries and even beyond their borders, as well as painting many portraits that are the embodiment of the artists’ vision.

Interesting fact: in Nishapur there is a planetarium named after Omar Khayyam. At the end of 1970, the International Astronomical Union named a crater on the far side of the Moon after Omar Khayyam.

The biography of Omar Khayyam, whose full name is pronounced as Ghiyasaddin Abu-l-Fath Omar ibn Ibrahim al-Khayyam Nishapuri, the great Persian poet, philosopher, mathematician and astronomer, began on May 18, 1048. It was then that the future author of the world famous quatrains “Rubai” was born in Iranian city of Nishapur.

At the age of 12, Omar Khayyam became a student at the Nishapur madrasah. He brilliantly completed a course in Islamic law and medicine, qualifying as a doctor. But medical practice was of little interest to young Omar Khayyam, who was then more interested in the works of Eastern and Greek mathematicians. Omar Khayyam continued his further education in Samarkand, where he first became a student at one of the madrassas, but after several speeches at debates he so impressed everyone with his learning that he was immediately made a mentor.

Four years later, Omar Khayyam left Samarkand and moved to Bukhara, where he began working in book depositories. During the ten years that Khayyam lived in Bukhara, he wrote four fundamental treatises on mathematics.

In 1074, the biography of Omar Khayyam began as a court scientist. This year, Khayyam was invited to Isfahan to the court of the Seljuk Sultan Melik Shah I. On the initiative of the Shah's chief vizier, Nizam al-Mulk, Omar Khayyam became the Sultan's spiritual mentor. In addition, Malik Shah appointed him head of the palace observatory. With a group of scientists, Omar Khayyam developed a solar calendar that was more accurate than the Gregorian calendar. It was Khayyam’s calendar that was approved and formed the basis of the Iranian calendar, which has been in effect in Iran as official from 1079 to the present day. At the same time, Omar Khayyam compiled the Malikshah Astronomical Tables, which included a small star catalog, and wrote several treatises on algebra.

Omar Khayyam also worked well in the field of philosophy. Five philosophical works of Khayyam have reached us - “Treatise on Being and Oughtness”, “Answer to Three Questions: the Necessity of Contradiction in the World, Determinism and Eternity”, “Light of Reason on the Subject of Universal Science”, “Treatise on Existence” and “Book on demand (about all things)."

At the same time with scientific work Omar Khayyam performed the duties of an astrologer and doctor under Queen Turkan Khatun. The famous rubai quatrains were also created by Omar Khayyam (according to his biographers) in Isfahan, at the time of the greatest flowering of his creativity.

However, after being accused of godless freethinking, Omar Khayyam was forced to leave the capital in 1092. recent years Little is known in the biography of Omar Khayyam. Sources indicate that Khayyam stayed in Merv for some time, in 1114, where he could do meteorological forecasts. The year of death of Omar Khayyam is unknown. The most likely date of his death is considered to be March 23, 1122 (according to other sources, December 4, 1131).

Omar Khayyam was buried in Nishapur.

Many people know who Omar Khayyam is, because the work of this outstanding Tajik and Persian poet, Sufi philosopher, mathematician, astronomer and astrologer is studied even at school.

Where was Omar Khayyam born?

Omar Khayyam Giyasaddin Obul-Fakht ibn Ibrahim was born on May 18, 1048 in the city of Nishapur ( northeastern part Iran) in the family of a tent owner.

He was a very gifted child and at the age of 8 he actively studied mathematics, philosophy, astronomy, and knew the Koran by heart. At the age of 12, Omar entered a madrasah to study: courses in medicine and Islamic law were completed with excellent marks. But Omar Khayyam did not connect his life with medicine; he was more interested in mathematics. The poet re-enters the madrasah and is elevated to the rank of mentor.

He became the greatest scientist of his era and did not stay in one place for a long time. After living in Samarkand for 4 years, Omar Khayyam moved to Bukhara and worked in a book depository.

In 1074, the Seljuk Sultan Melik Shah I invited him to Isfahan to serve as a spiritual mentor. He also ran a large observatory at court, becoming an astronomer. Omar Khayyam led a group of scientists who were creating a new calendar. It was officially accepted in 1079 and named "Jalali". It was more accurate than the Gregorian and Julian calendars.

In 1092, the Sultan died, and changes began in Omar’s life: the poet was accused of freethinking and he was forced to leave Isfahan.

The works of Omar Khayyam

Real world fame poetry brought him. He created quatrains - rubai. They are a call for personal freedom, the knowledge of earthly happiness. Rubai are characterized by flexibility of rhythm, pathos of freethinking, depth of philosophical thought, clarity, capacity of style, conciseness and imagery. He is credited with creating 66 quatrains.

In addition to poetry, Omar Khayyam wrote mathematical treatises. The most famous are “On the proof of problems in algebra and almukabala”, “Comments on the difficult postulates of the book of Euclid”.

Almost everyone is interested in the question: did Omar Khayyam have children? It is reliably known that he had no family or children. He devoted his entire life to literary and scientific activities.