Svetlana Stalin biography, personal life, wife, children. Children of Svetlana Alliluyeva. Difficult female fate

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Svetlana Iosifovna Alliluyeva

Lavrenty Beria and Svetlana.

Alliluyeva Svetlana Iosifovna (b. 1926).

In 1982, Alliluyeva moved from the USA to England, to Cambridge, where she sent her daughter Olga, who was born in America, to a Quaker boarding school. She herself became a traveler. Traveled almost the whole world. Finding herself completely alone, probably disillusioned with the West, in November 1984 she unexpectedly (it is believed that at the request of her son Joseph) appeared in Moscow with her daughter, who did not speak a word of Russian. Called new sensation , giving a press conference where she stated that “not a single day has been free” in the West. Was greeted with enthusiasm Soviet authorities , her Soviet citizenship was immediately restored. But disappointment soon set in. Alliluyeva could not be found mutual language neither her son nor her daughter, whom she abandoned in 1967. Her relations with the Soviet government deteriorated day by day. Left for Georgia. She was greeted with understanding. On instructions from Moscow, all conditions were created for her. Alliluyeva settled in a two-room apartment of an improved type, she was given a salary, special security and the right to call a car (a Volga car was constantly on duty in the garage of the Council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR to service her). In Georgia, Alliluyeva celebrated her 60th birthday, which was celebrated in the premises of the Stalin Museum in Gori. Her daughter went to school and went in for equestrian sports. Teachers at home taught Olga Russian and Georgian for free. But even in Georgia, Alliluyeva had many clashes with the authorities and with former friends. The museum workers in Gori constantly listened to her imperative orders and demands special attention

to her person. Having lived in her homeland for less than two years, Alliluyeva sent a letter to the Central Committee of the CPSU with a request to allow her to leave the USSR. After the personal intervention of M.S. Gorbachev in November 1986, she was allowed to return to America. Leaving Tbilisi, she stated that “she was tired of living among the savages.”^ Alliluyeva left her homeland for the second time, retaining double citizenship USSR and USA. in USA.

S. Alliluyeva wrote three books of memoirs published abroad: “Twenty Letters to a Friend” (London, 1967), “Only One Year” (New York, 1969), “Distant Music” (published in 1984 in India and in 1992 in Moscow). She translated the book “The Munich Agreement” from English (while still living in the USSR), in recent years she has written several small works, including about B. Pasternak, and “A Book for Granddaughters” (October 1991. No. 6).

“Throughout her entire life, Svetlana had to change her place of residence, religion, attitude towards people, and husbands more than once. Her feelings for her father turned out to be subject to change: as a child she adored him;

as a girl - she was afraid; after his death - I regretted it;

then, when many people opened their eyes to everything that had happened in the country over forty years, she began to have a sharply negative attitude towards him; even later, she tried to protect him from the attacks of the democratic press, saying that Mao Zedong destroyed much more people than Stalin... In her book “Just One Year,” which was published in the West in 1970, Svetlana wrote: “He gave his the name of a system of bloody one-man dictatorship. He knew what he was doing, he was neither mentally ill nor delusional. With cold prudence he asserted his power and, more than anything else, was afraid of losing it. Therefore, the first task of his entire life was the elimination of opponents and rivals." Svetlana Alliluyeva outlined her political credo in the concluding lines of “A Book for Granddaughters”: “I only dream of the time when the heavy burden of Lenin’s party of murderers and deceivers will finally fall from the shoulders of a multinational, great people, and people will finally breathe freely. This not far off. My granddaughters, of course, will live to see those days. All I can do is dream in anticipation" (quoted from: Samsonova V. Stalin’s Daughter. M., 1998. P. 469). On November 22, 2011, at the age of 85, she died in the United States. Representative local authorities

American state

Wisconsin told the New York Times that she died of colon cancer.
Svetlana, Beria, Stalin, Lakoba.

On the deck of the ship. From right to left:

Rauf Lakoba, Svetlana and Yakov Dzhugashvili.

2) The consequences of Alliluyeva’s escape were so serious for the international image of the country of the Soviets that the leadership of the USSR decided to return the fugitive at any cost. However, due to a number of ill-conceived foreign actions by KGB Chairman V. Semichastny, which led to the high-profile failures of several Soviet intelligence officers and the collapse of the intelligence network in Greece, Italy and France, Alliluyev was never able to return. V. Semichastny was removed from his post, and Yu. Andropov was appointed in his place.

3) I. Bunich offers the following version of the motives for fleeing and the solution to S. Alliluyeva’s financial problem: “Stalin’s daughter Svetlana, remembering the fate of her brother, chose to flee abroad, where, surrounded by television cameras, she publicly burned a Soviet passport and settled in the United States. She found and sued Stalin's account in a Swiss bank, wrote several books, vividly showing the bestial nature of her dad and the entire communist system, went broke on the stock market and unexpectedly returned to the USSR again. Although by this time there were many people in the camps for reading and distributing her books, Svetlana herself was accepted as a princess of the blood: she immediately received a personal pension, an apartment, a car with a driver, and so on. A citizen of the “through the looking glass” receives all his rights for life and is never deprived of citizenship. However, even the privileged life in the USSR could not compare with the modest life in the USA, to which Svetlana had already become accustomed. Just as unexpectedly, she left back. Nobody interfered.

The princess of the blood can do anything. This is exactly what the nomenklatura dreamed of when they liquidated her father...” (I. Bunich. Gold of the Party: Historical Chronicle. St. Petersburg, 1992. P. 158). 4) In 1967, S. Alliluyeva wrote: “When I now see the narrow, petty, kind of petty-bourgeois nationalism of the Georgians, this tactless manner of speaking Georgian in front of those who do not understand this language, the desire to praise everything one’s own, and everything else to scold everything else, I think: God! How far people were from this at that (early 1930s - comp.) time! How little importance was attached to this damned " national question

“! And what friendship, what trust connected people with each other - were people busy building dachas, purchasing cars, furniture” (Alliluyeva S.I. Twenty letters to a friend. M., 1990. P. 61).

Book materials used: Torchinov V.A., Leontyuk A.M. Around Stalin.
Photos from the archive of Nestor Lakoba,
provided for publication in CHRONOS by the Dzhikhashvili family.

Svetlana in the arms of her mother Nadezhda Alliluyeva.
(photo from the site http://www.rt-online.ru/)

Svetlana Stalina. 1937 The signature of J.V. Stalin is visible below.
Photo from the book “Conversations about Stalin” by Artem Sergeev and Ekaterina Glushik, M. 2006.

From the memories of a peer:

Svetlana was a very modest girl and tried to protect herself from her elitism, she did not like it. She had her own company: she was very friendly with Marfa Maksimovna Peshkova, then she had a friend Levina, she had school friends.

Artem Sergeev

Quote Based on the book: Sergeev A., Glushik E. Conversations about Stalin. Moscow, "Crimean Bridge-9D". 2006.

Read further:

Alliluyeva Svetlana Twenty letters to a friend. Reprint of the 1967 edition.

Personalities:

They were restored only in the mid-1950s. Joseph's first marriage ended in divorce. From this marriage he has a son, Ilyich (b. 1965). The second marriage turned out to be successful. Svetlana Alliluyeva wrote about Joseph: “My son, half-Jewish, the son of my first husband (whom my father never even wanted to meet), aroused his (Stalin’s - comp.) tender love.” In some sources, Joseph Alliluyev is called Joseph Dzhugashvili (Rush Hour. 1996. No. 44. March 6). Alliluyeva Nadezhda Sergeevna

(biographical materials). Zhdanov Yuri Andreevich

(b. 1919), Svetlana’s second husband. Peters William Wesley

(b. 1914) American architect. Fifth husband of Svetlana Stalina-Alliluyeva (in 1970-1972). From this marriage, on May 21, 1971, a daughter, Olga, was born, who in 1978 received US citizenship. In 1972, the marriage was dissolved. However, Svetlana retained the surname of her ex-husband and, having changed her name, began to call herself Lana Peters. In the divorce, Peters gave up all his rights to his daughter. Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich

(collection of biographical materials).

On November 28, leading media outlets around the world reported that an 85-year-old pensioner who lived in a local nursing home died of colon cancer in a clinic in the American city of Richland. Although Lana Peters died on November 22, this event was kept in the strictest confidence for a week. The body was immediately cremated, and the ashes were sent from Wisconsin to Oregon, almost three thousand kilometers away. There, in Portland, lives the 40-year-old daughter of the deceased, Chris Evans (this heavily tattooed blonde was previously called Olga Peters). This is how the earthly journey of Joseph Stalin’s beloved daughter ended - strangely, like in a bad detective novel. It would seem that the life story of Svetlana Stalina has been studied in detail: at the age of six she lost her mother (her daughter learned that the leader’s second wife Nadezhda Alliluyeva had committed suicide as an adult), and after the death of her father she took the surname Alliluyeva. Her two short official marriages ended in divorce, each with a child born - a son Joseph from law student Grigory Morozov, a daughter Ekaterina from Yuri Zhdanov, the son of the Secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks Andrei Zhdanov - one of Stalin's closest associates, the organizer of mass repressions. In 1967, Svetlana emigrated to the United States, leaving her children in Moscow. She got married overseas for the last time, gave birth to her youngest daughter Olga, divorced again, but remained Mrs. Peters. She moved to England, and in 1984 returned to her homeland with Olya, who didn’t know a word of Russian. Two years later she left again with her youngest daughter for the West - for good. However, the life story of the “Kremlin princess” is still replete with white spots and black holes.

“You cannot regret your fate, although I regret that my mother did not marry a carpenter,” admitted the daughter of a man who kept half the world in fear, and bitterly added: “Wherever I go - to Switzerland, India, Australia, to some island, I will always be a political prisoner named after my father.”

“PAVLIK MOROZOV DIDN’T COME OUT OF ME”

TV presenter Elena Hanga assures that it was her mother, who was friends with Alliluyeva, who advised Stalin’s daughter reliable way break out behind the iron curtain. With great difficulty, Svetlana obtained permission to go to the homeland of her deceased Indian common-law husband to fulfill the last wish of Brajesh Singh - to scatter his ashes over the sacred Ganges River.

Shortly before this, on the advice of Brajesh, she sent a manuscript of memoirs to India with his friend-ambassador, for which she later thanked the American intelligence services: “Thanks to the CIA - they took me out, didn’t abandon me and published my “Twenty Letters to a Friend” (this is a story about my father, about Kremlin life was very personal, lyrical, but in the West it became a real sensation).

She decided not to return to the Union spontaneously - the day Alliluyeva flew to Moscow was March 8, Svetlana was given her passport in advance, which was kept in the Soviet embassy (officials were not supposed to work on International Women's Day).

In the evening, realizing that there would be no other opportunity, Alliluyeva abandoned her suitcase at the hotel, picked up a small suitcase with the most necessary things, called a taxi and arrived at the US Embassy in Delhi to ask for asylum in America. She later emphasized that the choice was made “not for political, but solely for human reasons.” However for Communist Party and for the Soviet government it was a stab in the back, the same betrayal as in 1932 for Stalin the suicide of his wife Nadezhda Alliluyeva, the mother of his children Vasily and Svetlana, was.

Alas, in the West, Svetlana Alliluyeva did not find the desired freedom and peace - “ cold war“was in full swing, so they tried to turn the 41-year-old fugitive into a fighter against the “red” regime, they demanded that she tirelessly voice “ terrible secrets Kremlin". At first, she, who publicly threw her Soviet passport into the fire, blamed all the blame for the repressions on Lavrentiy Beria (although she treated his son Sergo not just well - he was her school love). She assured that the cult of personality arose not at the whim of Stalin, but through the efforts of party careerists.

Then she compared the KGB with the Gestapo, and called her father “a moral and spiritual monster.” Later she came to her senses and began to speak more reservedly about Stalin. She explained this change briefly: “I didn’t become Pavlik Morozov.” However, all her life she was haunted by fear, she was afraid of retribution for the “betrayal”: “My father would have shot me for everything I did”...

When Alliluyeva left her “stepmother-homeland,” Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR Alexei Kosygin, from the high rostrum of the UN, called the defector a “sick person.” Of course, Svetlana was not crazy: a candidate of philological sciences, a translator, a writer (in addition to “Twenty Letters to a Friend,” three more collections of her memoirs were published in the West - “Only One Year,” “Distant Music” and “A Book for Granddaughters”). Since childhood, she spoke fluent English, knew French and German, maintained a clear mind until her last days, and from memory quoted Blok, Akhmatova, Maximilian Voloshin, who wrote in the poem “The Ways of Cain”:

Rulers cannot
Kill your heirs, but everyone
Seeks to distort their fate...

If nature often rests on the children of geniuses, then on the offspring of tyrants and executioners it makes up for it with interest. As is known, the fate of both Stalin’s sons was tragic: Yakov Dzhugashvili (from his first marriage to Ekaterina Svanidze, who died when Yasha was six months old) died in fascist concentration camp, and Vasily Stalin, born Nadezhda Alliluyeva, died at the age of 41 (either he died from vodka, or was poisoned by a hellish mixture of sedatives and alcohol).

“I SAW MY FATHER NAKED FOR THE FIRST TIME - A BEAUTIFUL BODY, NOT AT ALL decrepit, NOT AN OLD MAN...”

Yuz Aleshkovsky, who wrote the famous “Comrade Stalin, you are a great scientist, you know a lot about linguistics,” has a poem “Seed” - about how “in the Kremlin, in a modest one-room apartment, the kindest father in the world played with dolls with Svetlana”:

Vaska gave up his time,
removed from the grave
Kazan propeller,
so that she's over the hill
I couldn’t get away
and Svetlana is lucky
on burgundy
rolls royce
Rockefeller
along luxury highways
at trots at large
affairs...

They say that Stalin did not like his sons, but his daughter - late child, who was born when the father of nations was already about 50, he adored. As a child, he kissed, carried in his arms, and gave affectionate nicknames. In his youth, he was jealous of growing up - seeing 13-year-old Svetlana in a skirt just above her knees in a photograph taken at the detachment fire, Stalin sent her a letter to the pioneer camp: “Prostitute!”

In his memoirs, the ousted First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, Khrushchev, described how at one of the New Year's party celebrations, Stalin grabbed his daughter by the hair and forced her to dance. Svetlana’s memoirs do not contain this story, but there is a mention of two slaps in the face - a reaction to her affair with Alexei Kapler. Her father had never laid a hand on her before, but he perceived the relationship of the 40-year-old married film director and screenwriter (who is also Jewish) with his 16-year-old schoolgirl daughter as a challenge.

According to rumors, Stalin allegedly caught the lovers after a night of passion, although Svetlana insisted that this affair was platonic, because “there was no premarital sex in the Soviet Union”: “Lusya took me to museums, galleries, theaters, the light and charm of knowledge radiated from him... We (Kapler and I) went to an empty apartment near the Kursky station, where Vasily’s pilots sometimes gathered.Auto.) came not alone, but accompanied by my “uncle” Klimov...

He (the girl’s personal bodyguard. -Auto.) sat in the adjacent room, pretending to be reading a newspaper, but in fact trying to catch what was happening in the next room, the door to which was wide open... We kissed silently, standing next to each other...”

The reckoning did not take long to arrive: “Your Kapler is an English spy, he is arrested!” The screenwriter of the film “Lenin in October” was exiled to Vorkuta for five years, and when, after his release, he returned to Moscow without permission, which he was forbidden to do, he was sent for another five years to a forced labor camp in Intu.

Stalin no longer called his daughter Setanka, Sparrow, Mistress. He categorically opposed her desire to study literature and art and ordered Svetlana to enter the history department of Moscow State University: “No bohemians - you will become an educated Marxist.”

An estrangement arose between father and daughter, which was not overcome until his death. But still in the same book of lyrical memoirs “Twenty Letters to a Friend” we read: “How strange, in these days of illness, in those hours when only the body lay in front of me, and the soul flew away from it, in last days farewells in the Hall of Columns - I loved my father stronger and more tenderly than in my entire life... Petrified, without words, I understood that some kind of liberation had come... for everyone and for me too, from some kind of oppression that was crushing everything souls, hearts and minds as a single, common mass... Late at night - or rather, early in the morning - they arrived to take the body away for an autopsy... For the first time I saw my father naked - beautiful body, not at all decrepit, not old man. And a strange pain seized me, stabbed me with a knife in my heart - I felt and understood what it means to be “flesh of flesh”....

Of course, these bitter words did not cancel out Svetlana’s confession in her declining days: “He ruined my life”...

“I NO LONGER SITT ALONE AT MIDNIGHT WITH A GLASS, CURSING MY LIFE”

With which of the three official husbands was Alliluyeva happy? With the first - a student of the Institute international relations Grigory Morozov - Svetlana was divorced three years after the wedding. (Soviet and Russian lawyer, Doctor of Law, died in 2001, when he was 80 years old). At the behest of his father, Vasily Stalin took the spouses’ passports to the registration department to return them without marriage stamps. After all, Grigory was a Jew, like Lucy Kapler, and the country was in the midst of a struggle against “rootless cosmopolitanism.”

When American director Svetlana Parshina asked Lana Peters a completely innocent question in 2008: how did she communicate with her grandmother, Stalin’s mother (her granddaughter was very similar to Ekaterina Georgievna with her red hair and freckles),

if she didn’t know the Georgian language, and she didn’t speak Russian, the heroine of the documentary “Svetlana about Svetlana” flared up: “What are you allowing yourself to do?!” This is a very personal question! But she said with calm frankness: “Gregory did not know how to use protection at all - I had four abortions, I had one miscarriage”...

The second marriage lasted two years and became a concession to his father’s will, but Yuri Zhdanov turned out to be “boring,” that is, unloved. Svetlana left the family. Zhdanov - Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Candidate of Philosophy, former rector of Rostov State University - died in 2006 at the age of 88.

Svetlana's third legal marriage was also short. Detractors said that it was concluded as a matter of convenience - to “naturalize” Alliluyeva, that is, to obtain American citizenship. But this time, rumors about Stalin’s millions allegedly deposited in Swiss banks in his daughter’s name played a cruel joke on Svetlana.

The widow of the famous architect Frank Lloyd Wright, mystic and adventurer Olga (her name was Olgivanna), decided to get her hands on the “Stalinist money” by marrying her former son-in-law, William Wesley Peters, Wright’s student, to Alliluyeva. “My father did not leave money to anyone, not even his children, because he always considered it evil, living to the fullest. state provision“, Svetlana claimed, but they didn’t believe her. Only when it became clear that the untold wealth of the late red dictator was really a myth,

Peters left behind a Russian wife and a tiny daughter. However, at first he and other inhabitants of the mystical commune, which was run by Olgivanna, almost squandered the fees of Stalin’s daughter (according to rumors, the publication of the book “Twenty Letters to a Friend” brought her about two and a half million dollars).

By the way, Peters’ first wife (aka stepdaughter Wright and native Olgivanna) was Alliluyeva’s namesake. A young woman, carrying her third child under her heart, crashed in a car accident, the youngest, two-year-old son of this couple also died, and the older boy, thrown out of the car, miraculously survived. Svetlana Iosifovna was horrified when she discovered a grave in the local cemetery with her current name - the inscription “Svetlana Peters”. She considered this a bad sign...

Biographers also mention “at least two common-law husbands” of Stalin’s daughter: childhood friend Jonrid Svanidze and Indian communist from a wealthy family of rajas, Brajesh Singh.

Psychoanalysts would see in the first case a typical development of a “guilt complex.” Alexander (Alyosha) Svanidze, the father of Jonride, named so strangely in honor of the American journalist John Reed, was an old Bolshevik, a personal friend of Joseph Stalin and the brother of his first wife Kato Svanidze. In 1937, Alyosha was arrested, and in 1941 he was shot in prison, as were his wife Maria, an opera singer in Tbilisi, and his sister Mariko.

After the arrest of Jonrid’s parents, numerous relatives abandoned the boy as the son of “enemies of the people.” In 1948, he was exiled to Kazakhstan for five years, returning only in 1956. Once Dzhonik asked Sveta to stand up for him, but the father forbade his daughter to interfere. Many years later, former childhood friends met and were drawn to each other. Alas, these relations were far from harmony...

Cured her from depression and beginning problems with alcohol new love. “Now I can drink socially or not drink at all... But I no longer sit alone after midnight with a glass in my hand, cursing my life.” Svetlana met Brajesh Singh, who worked as a translator at the Foreign Literature Publishing House, in a Kremlin hospital.

The elderly Indian (he was more than 20 years older than Alliluyeva) was weakening every day - emphysema and chronic bronchitis had left his lungs in a hopeless state. But he saw the world, lived in harmony with it, knew how to be happy and taught this to Svetlana (although one of Alliluyeva’s friends, in a recent interview with a famous Russian newspaper, assured that he taught the Kama Sutra: they say, she never had a better lover).

Brajesh died three years later. In the book “Only One Year,” Svetlana described how “... he stroked the books with a weak, small hand, patting my cheek a few minutes before my heart stopped.”

With father and Sergei Kirov

Was the blooming woman who preferred a breathless, gray-haired lover, although she could have chosen a young, healthy handsome man, really a hysteric and a sexual psychopath? This is exactly what Maria Rozanova called Svetlana Alliluyeva in our interview. The widow of dissident writer Andrei Sinyavsky can be understood - she never forgave Alliluyeva for her affair with her husband.

Maria Vasilievna told me: “Once Sinyavsky and I had dinner with his colleague, co-author and namesake Andrei Menshutin, who, like us, lived in a communal apartment not far from us. Suddenly three bells rang at the door - Alliluyeva (Andrei Donatovich and Svetlana Iosifovna worked together at the Institute of World Literature. -Auto.). The Menshutins had a very small room,

The owner’s wife Lida and I began to fuss, placing another chair at the table, but Svetlana snapped: “I won’t sit down. Andrey, I came for you. Now you will leave with me." I asked: “Svetlana, what about me?” Alliluyeva said: “Masha, you took Andrei away from his wife, and now I’m taking him away from you.” I said: “Andrey, don’t you think that in studying the history of the USSR, you have gone too far?” Svetlana rushed and ran out of the room...”

“ON THE QUESTION: DOES SHE HAVE A HOME, SVETLANA ANSWERED: “I CARRY IT ON YOUR BACK, LIKE A SNAIL”

One of Svetlana Alliluyeva’s first appearances in the West was her reading on BBC radio. open letter writer Andrei Sinyavsky, in which she supported him and Yuli Daniel (in the USSR, one was given seven years of imprisonment in a strict regime correctional labor colony, the other - five years in camps, accused of “anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda”).

It was under the influence of Andrei Donatovich that Svetlana Iosifovna was baptized in 1962 Orthodox rite and received the Christian name Photina - in honor of the holy martyr, whom Emperor Nero ordered to drown in a well, first flaying her skin...

“I always wanted to imagine how a person born as a maniac and serial killer could live in the world. I guess I have to somehow overcome the inherited curse within myself.”- this is how a translator from St. Petersburg began the article “Stalin’s daughter died in the USA”, who published it in a blog on the Ekho Moskvy radio website under the nickname Procol_harum. - “I had to meet Svetlana Alliluyeva in the year 1988, in Paris, in the printing house of Sinyavsky and Rozanova, where I worked then... The conversation at the table did not flow... Svetlana began to randomly tell something about herself, about her “ literary activity,” but no one really listened to her. We all tried to avert our eyes (“not to look as if we were watching electric welding”), because the external resemblance to Stalin was obvious, and this made it somehow creepy...

After tea, Maria Rozanova told her in plain text: “You know, Svetlana, you are no damn writer and no one is interested in descriptions of your adventures with numerous husbands. You want to be treated as a writer, and not as Stalin's daughter. But remember: you are only Stalin’s daughter and only one thing is required of you - that you talk about your father and about what was happening in this Kremlin viper.”

Both “our people” and the Americans laughed mockingly at Alliluyeva’s return to the USSR and her repeated departure abroad: they say that she herself doesn’t know what she wants. She knew it too, because her children remained in their homeland. Svetlana was most often accused of abandoning them. Alliluyeva objected: they say that by the time she left for India they were no longer children - her 22-year-old son Joseph had just gotten married for the first time, and her 16-year-old daughter Ekaterina lived in a spacious apartment under the supervision of her brother and his wife. In addition, Yosya and Katya maintained good relations with their fathers...

Over the decade and a half of her life in America, Svetlana spoke on the phone with Joseph only a couple of times, and her letters and postcards did not reach the addressee. One day, already in London, she heard her son’s voice on the phone. From then on, “everything went towards one inevitable goal: to see the children, the grandson and granddaughter, to touch them all with my hands.”

But when Svetlana came to Moscow with her 13-year-old “American girl” in 1984, there was no happy family reunion. Joseph pretended not to notice his American sister, and he never spoke to his mother alone. According to Alliluyeva, he was accompanied everywhere by his second wife - “an obvious informer.” Ekaterina, who worked as a volcanologist in Kamchatka, did not come to Moscow at all, she only sent a letter. “Well known to me in childhood handwriting, completely alien to me adult woman wrote with unheard of anger that she “does not forgive”, will never “forgive and “does not want to forgive”...

With her first husband, lawyer Grigory Morozov

Desperate, Svetlana tried to find peace of mind “beyond the ridge of the Caucasus.” In Tbilisi, he and Olga were received much warmer than in Moscow, settled in a three-room apartment, and assigned a car. Svetlana Iosifovna’s 60th birthday was celebrated at the Stalin Museum in Gori. Olya went to school and soon spoke both Russian and Georgian quite well. But Alliluyeva was irritated by both the excessive servility of Stalin’s admirers and the hatred of those who considered her a traitor.

There were no more illusions: during the years of separation, “Russian children” had changed, but the empire, where there was still nothing to breathe, had not changed: “I think that over all these years, propaganda has done a good job on the children.

The government managed to denigrate me, to do everything possible to make them happy, so long as they didn’t ask to come to me...”

Svetlana sent a letter to the Central Committee of the CPSU with a request to allow her and her youngest daughter to travel abroad. After personal intervention Secretary General The Central Committee of the CPSU Mikhail Gorbachev allowed her to leave the USSR. When the plane landed at the Chicago airport, Alliluyeva exclaimed: “God, how beautiful America is!” She was immediately reminded that two years earlier, having returned to the USSR, she had said that in the USA “I was not free for a single day.”

Friends called her a nomad - they say that after emigrating she moved from place to place 39 times. When in 1990, in a BBC radio program from the series “On Our Island,” Boris Nechaev asked Alliluyeva if she had a house, Svetlana replied: “I carry it on my back, like a snail.”

With her second husband, Andrei Zhdanov's son Yuri

“MY MOTHER IS AN ABSOLUTELY UNBEARABLE PERSON... ONCE THROWED A HAMMER AT ME”

What was it - a spiritual quest or a persecution mania inherited from his father, who over the years began to see those around him not as enemies of the people, but as personal haters who wanted his death? However, it was not for nothing that the daughter of “bloody Stalin” did not feel safe anywhere. In 1992, The Washington Times published a confession by one of the converted KGB officers: the Committee discussed plans to assassinate Alliluyeva, but abandoned the special operation for fear that the traces of this murder would too clearly lead to the Lubyanka...

They say that when Ekaterina Zhdanova was informed about the death of her mother, she said: they say, I don’t know any Alliluyeva. 61-year-old Ekaterina Yuryevna lives in the Kamchatka village of Klyuchi - in a tiny house with dilapidated furniture, and practically does not go to work where she is registered. Ironically, her 29-year-old daughter Anna, who lives nearby with her husband and two daughters, doesn’t want to know her mother as much as she doesn’t want to know hers. Local residents gossip: after Ekaterina Zhdanova’s first husband, Vsevolod Kozev, who drank heavily and developed cirrhosis of the liver, shot himself in the summer kitchen with a hunting rifle, she began to have mental problems...

The fate of Alliluyeva’s son was more prosperous - Joseph Grigorievich Alliluyev became a famous cardiologist, Doctor of Medical Sciences. Unfortunately, his life was cut short at the age of 64 - a stroke.

Shortly before his death, in 2008, he gave a tiny interview that was included in the documentary film “Svetlana” directed by Irina Gedrovich: “My mother is an absolutely unbearable person in terms of character... Once, angry, she threw a boy at me, hammer. If I hadn’t dodged, I wouldn’t be talking to you now...”

This episode is consonant with the memories of one of Alliluyeva’s nephews, Vladimir Dzhugashvili, about how Joseph complained to him about his mother: “You should read her letter to my leadership - she demands that I be expelled from the party, deprived of my academic title and, the funniest thing, that after all the hardships, I be deported to Sakhalin!” Another nephew, the famous theater director Alexander Burdonsky, son of Vasily Stalin, says that although his aunt had complex nature, she is “the smartest and most tragic person.”

TV journalist Mikhail Leshchinsky, who met Svetlana Iosifovna in London, recalled in Gordon Boulevard: “People of my generation created an image of Alliluyeva as an extremely insane person who abandoned her children, was terribly afraid of Russia, and fled for some unknown reason to the West. In fact, Svetlana is very soft and intelligent. And very lonely... Sometimes Stalin’s daughter barely had enough money for a cup of empty broth with croutons.”

At the end of her life she herself said about herself: “I am poor elderly woman, living on $700 a month from the state.”

Svetlana Iosifovna became more and more alienated and closed every year. Shortly before her death she lamented: “Much of what they said about me, which I myself heard, not believing my ears, was distorted... They write about me: Stalin’s daughter should walk around with a rifle and shoot at Americans. Or return to Russia, to another atomic bomb. I don't want either one or the other. For 40 years of living here, America has given me nothing. I haven't even learned how to keep a checkbook, but it's too late to move. I write and think in English, and even dream in English. Young people have vitality, I don’t have any left, so now I’m with Olechka. Here, in America, I’ll die.”

Chris Evans, the same Olechka, grew up a typical Yankee girl (“American, like Apple pie“, - her mother said about her): studying at a prestigious school, horse riding. In adulthood, she took the surname of her husband, whom she divorced, and chose the name in honor of Chrissy Snow, the heroine of the popular 80s comedy Three's Company. Now Stalin's granddaughter owns the Three Monkeys souvenir shop in Portland. “Olga’s generation is distracted from history and politics,” said Svetlana Alliluyeva. - They are most enthusiastic about protecting animal rights or Greenpeace. Although she understands that her grandfather was still a great man - by her definition, “Stalin, Churchill and Roosevelt won the war”...

Chris avoids talking about his mother. But the residents of the nursing home in Richland happily talk about Lana Peters: the pleasant, modest Mrs. from room 217 always came into the boarding house from the back door.

Evelyn was Svetlana’s only friend in this “orphanage for old people.” The women agreed on the basis of their love for cats: «

Once Lana’s cat got sick, she called me: “Look, Christa sleeps all the time, I don’t know what to do with him.” But in fact, the poor guy died. She was so upset. That was the only time I saw her cry. The cat was for her instead of a child.”

IT LOOKS LIKE NO ONE SHED A SINGLE TEAR OVER THE FATE OF SVETLANA ALLILUEVA

Now the obituary on the Stafford Funeral Homes website reads: “In lieu of flowers, donations may be made in the deceased's name to the local humane society, Richland County Friends Of Animals.”

Now that Svetlana Alliluyeva has passed away, many memories and pseudo-memories of her relatives have appeared, invented by journalists in hot pursuit, which is not surprising - almost all of her relatives have long lost contact with her, and the parting was with mutual grievances.

For example, Vladimir Fedorovich Alliluyev does not hide the fact that he did not see cousin since she left for the USA for the second time: “20 years ago I published my book “Chronicle of a Family: Alliluyevs-Stalins.” Svetlana, as far as I know, didn’t like her. Her friends wanted a scandal and organized a response article “Unrelated.” After that we didn’t communicate...”

I tried to contact Svetlana Alliluyeva’s relatives, but, alas, to no avail. Chris Evans did not respond to the email sent by email(she asked journalists to respect her grief). I simply didn’t dare call Ekaterina Zhdanova - the woman practically doesn’t pick up the phone. Having seen her in one of the videos, I realized that her condition did not allow me to count on an adequate conversation... Svetlana Iosifovna’s grandchildren also avoid journalists - 29-year-old Anna, daughter of Ekaterina Yuryevna, who has never seen her grandmother, and 46-year-old Ilya, son of Joseph Grigorievich.

Unfortunately, I was unable to get through to Alexander Burdonsky, but when we talked in Kyiv in 2006, he emphasized in every possible way that he did not want to talk about Stalin and his descendants. The dearest, most delicate Alexander Vasilyevich also has a reason to be offended by Svetlana Iosifovna, who in one of her books not only admired her nephew, but also pitied him, revealing a family secret about his drinking mother and sister...

It seems that no one shed a single tear over the fate of Svetlana Alliluyeva. According to the last will of Stalin’s daughter, only “Lana Peters” will be written on her tombstone. Stalin's daughter also asked that no one be told where she was buried...

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Svetlana Iosifovna Alliluyeva(in exile - Lana Peters ; born February 28, 1926, Leningrad, USSR - since November 22, 2011 lived in Richland, Wisconsin, USA) - Soviet philologist-translator, Candidate of Philology; memoirist.

She became widely known as the daughter of I.V. Stalin. In 1967 she emigrated from the USSR to the USA.

In the first marriage - the wife of the Soviet scientist-lawyer G. I. Morozov, in the second - the wife of Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences Yu. A. Zhdanov, daughter-in-law Secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks A. A. Zhdanova. Mother of Russian cardiologist I. G. Alliluyev.

Born into the family of the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, I.V. Stalin and N.S. Alliluyeva. Studied at 25 exemplary school Moscow (1932-1943), graduated with honors.

Entered Moscow State University. I studied at the Faculty of Philology for a year. Then I got sick. Upon my return, I entered the first year, but at the Faculty of History. She chose to specialize in the Department of Modern and Contemporary History, studying Germany.

She graduated from the Faculty of History of Moscow State University and graduate school from the Academy of Social Sciences under the CPSU Central Committee. Candidate of Philology. Worked as a translator with in English and literary editor, she translated several books, including works by the English Marxist philosopher John Lewis.

In 1944, she married Grigory Morozov, a classmate of her brother Vasily. The marriage was subsequently unofficially dissolved. Son Joseph Alliluyev (1945 -2008) was a cardiologist, Doctor of Medical Sciences.

In 1949 she married Yuri Zhdanov. Yuri re-registered Svetlana's first son as his own. Daughter Ekaterina Zhdanova(born 1950).

She worked at the Institute of World Literature from 1956 to 1967.

In May 1962, she was baptized in Moscow and had her children baptized by Archpriest Nikolai Golubtsov.

Emigration

In 1967, having gone to India to take part in the funeral of Brajesh Singh (whom she called her husband in some interviews), she became a “defector”. A. N. Kosygin gave her permission to leave the USSR from members of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee.

The move to the West and the subsequent publication of “Twenty Letters to a Friend” (1967), where Alliluyeva recalled her father and Kremlin life, caused a world sensation. She stopped in Switzerland for a while, then lived in the United States.

In 1970, she married the American architect V.V. Peters, gave birth to a daughter, and divorced in 1972, but retained the name Lana Peters. S. Alliluyeva’s financial affairs abroad were successful. The magazine version of her memoirs “Twenty Letters to a Friend” was sold to the Hamburg weekly Der Spiegel for 480 thousand marks, which translated into dollars was 122 thousand (in the USSR, according to her niece Nadezhda, Stalin left her only 30 thousand rubles). After leaving her homeland, Alliluyeva lived on money earned by writing and on donations received from citizens and organizations.

In 1982, Alliluyeva moved from the USA to England, to Cambridge, where she sent her daughter Olga, who was born in America, to a Quaker boarding school. She herself became a traveler and traveled almost the whole world.

Finding herself completely alone, probably disillusioned with the West, in November 1984 she unexpectedly (it is believed that at the request of her son Joseph) appeared in Moscow with her daughter, who did not speak a word of Russian. Caused a new sensation by giving a press conference where she stated that in the West “I haven’t been free for a single day”. She was greeted with enthusiasm by the Soviet authorities, and her Soviet citizenship was immediately restored. But disappointment soon set in. Alliluyeva could not find a common language with either her son or her daughter, whom she abandoned in 1967.

Her relations with the Soviet government deteriorated day by day. She left for the Georgian SSR, where she was met with understanding. On instructions from Moscow, all conditions were created for her: Alliluyeva lived in a three-room apartment of an improved type, she was given a salary, special security and the right to call a car (a black Volga car was constantly on duty in the garage of the Council of Ministers of the Georgian SSR to service her). In Georgia, Alliluyeva celebrated her 60th birthday, which was celebrated in the premises of the Stalin Museum in Gori. Her daughter went to school and went in for equestrian sports. Teachers at home taught Olga Russian and Georgian for free. But even in Georgia, Alliluyeva had many clashes with the authorities and with former friends.

Second departure to the West

After living in the USSR for less than two years, Alliluyeva sent a letter to the CPSU Central Committee asking for permission to travel abroad. After the personal intervention of the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee M. S. Gorbachev in November 1986, she was allowed to return to the United States. After leaving, Alliluyeva retained dual citizenship of the USSR and the USA.

In the USA, Alliluyeva settled in the state of Wisconsin. In September 1992, correspondents found her in a nursing home in England. Then she lived for some time in the monastery of St. John in Switzerland. In December 1992, she was seen in London in the Kensington-Chelsea area. Alliluyeva drew up papers for the right to help so that, after leaving the nursing home, she could pay for the room. Her daughter Olga Peters leads an independent life in the USA.

In 2005, she gave an interview to the Rossiya TV channel for the film “Svetlana Alliluyeva and Her Men.”

In 2008, Alliluyeva, who had refused to communicate with journalists for so long, starred in a 45-minute documentary film"Svetlana about Svetlana."

Recently, Svetlana Alliluyeva lived in the vicinity of Madison (Wisconsin). Daughter, Olga Peters (b. 1973), lives in Portland (Oregon).

She died on November 22, 2011 in a nursing home in Richland (Wisconsin, USA) from colon cancer. Alliluyeva's death was announced only on November 28.

Stalin had two sons, Yakov (from his first wife) and Vasily, and a daughter, Svetlana. Everyone's fate is tragic.

Yakov was captured by the Germans and died there. The father looked at the younger ones, Vasily and Svetlana, with regret. Neither son nor daughter could awaken fatherly love in him. Perhaps Stalin did not have access to these feelings at all. After his death, Vasily went to prison and died an old man. Svetlana fled the country.

Svetlana Stalina was once envied by millions. People in their dreams imagined her fantastically happy life. How far they were from reality!

Svetlana was only six years old when her mother, Nadezhda Alliluyeva, shot herself. But Svetlana will learn about what actually happened to her mother many years later. She wrote about her father: “The death of his mother hit him terribly, devastated him, took away his faith in people and in friends... And he became embittered.” After the fatal shot in the Kremlin, Svetlana herself found herself completely alone. The leader's daughter was deprived of friends and girlfriends, the joys of communicating with people.

Svetlana's relationship with her father was very difficult. As a child, she was his favorite. Then something happened: either he was disappointed in the girl, or those around him completely disgusted him, but his daughter began to irritate him.

She suffered and subconsciously searched for a man who would not only give her freedom, but would also be to some extent like her father. Is this why all of Svetlana’s marriages were unsuccessful and quickly fell apart? None of her men brought her true happiness. But her men also had a hard time. The man she fell in love with first spent ten years in places not so remote. A harsh price to pay for one love date.

Her brother Vasily introduced her to the famous screenwriter Alexei Yakovlevich Kapler, whom people of the older generation still remember as the wonderful host of the popular television program Kinopanorama. Alexey Yakovlevich was a famous screenwriter; his scripts were used to produce the popular films “Lenin in October,” “Lenin in 1818,” and “Kotovsky.”

It was the November holidays. Kapler and Svetlana danced the then fashionable foxtrot. She so wanted to talk to someone frankly. And in front of her was an adult and clever man, ready to listen to her. There was a twenty-two year difference between them. Svetlana was still at school. Kapler came to her school and stood in the entrance of a neighboring house. I was afraid to approach. Employees of the first department of the NKVD, who were in charge of protecting the leaders of the party and government, relentlessly followed the leader’s daughter.

Then Kapler flew to Stalingrad. Once in Pravda, Svetlana Stalina read an article by war correspondent Kapler, written in the form of a letter from the front to the woman she loved. She immediately realized that it was a letter addressed specifically to her. The article ended with the words: “It’s probably snowing in Moscow now. From your window you can see the battlements of the Kremlin...”

Svetlana did not know that all her telephone conversations were monitored and recorded. The head of Stalin's guard, General Vlasik, ordered Kapler to be warned that it would be better for him to move away from Moscow. But he fell head over heels in love and did not heed the warning.

On March 3, 1943, Alexei Kapler, winner of the Stalin Prize of the first degree, holder of the Order of Lenin, was arrested. He was accused of “maintaining close contacts with foreigners suspected of espionage.” We were talking about foreign cultural figures who came to the Soviet Union. Meetings with them took place by decision of the Central Committee and under the supervision of security officers.

On November 25, 1943, a special meeting decided: “A.Ya. Kapler should be imprisoned in a forced labor camp for a period of five years for anti-Soviet agitation.” He was sent to the North, to Vorkuta. He served five years and in 1948 came to Moscow. It was a mistake. Probably the security officers were afraid that he would meet the leader’s daughter again. He was arrested and given another five years in the camps

Stalin's difficult, despotic character did not allow him to come to terms with the fact that his daughter was already an adult and had the right to own life, for love. But Svetlana’s desire to break free from the Kremlin only intensified. As soon as she turned eighteen, she married her brother’s classmate, Grigory Morozov. She really wanted to find someone loved one, at least someone who will love her and think about her.

The father was dissatisfied with his Jewish son-in-law, but muttered:

To hell with you, do what you want...

He demanded that she never come to him with her husband. Only when she got divorced did Stalin invite her to relax together in the summer. When Svetlana Stalina and Grigory Iosifovich Morozov separated, he was forbidden to see his son. When Svetlana unexpectedly returned to the Soviet Union in the eighties, Morozov helped her. Evgeny Maksimovich Primakov, who was friends with Morozov, believes that Svetlana was counting on renewing relations with ex-husband. But it was already too late...

After Morozov, she married the son of Politburo member Andrei Aleksandrovich Zhdanov, a promising party worker, Yuri Zhdanov.

“Our marriage with Svetlana,” Zhdanov said much later, “took place in April 1949. At that time, our family and Svetlana lived in conditions of Kremlin seclusion. Svetlana was at my father’s funeral. Then we began to meet in our apartment.

I am at work from morning to evening, my mother is alone in captivity in the Kremlin. Svetlana shared her loneliness. Our meetings became more frequent, and the matter ended in marriage. I got Svetlana writing out bibliographic cards from Marx, Lenin, Pavlov for her work. She did everything very carefully, I keep some of the cards to this day. But, apparently, he made a psychological mistake: Svetlana strove for her own literary work, strove for self-expression. I overlooked this, which was the reason for the loss of contact, and then the divorce.”

Having found herself in the family of the main party ideologist Zhdanov, Svetlana was shocked by the abundance of chests filled with “goods”, and in general by the combination of ostentatious, sanctimonious “party spirit” with terry philistinism. For some reason, it is common to admire the asceticism of senior Soviet officials. This is an illusion, their lives simply took place behind high fences, the security officers reliably protected the “modest life” of their superiors from prying eyes.

In the fall of 1952, the dynastic marriage quickly fell apart.

Svetlana Alliluyeva wrote to her father:

“As for Yuri Andreich Zhdanov, we decided to separate from him. This was a completely natural conclusion, after almost six months we were neither husband nor wife, and who knows who, after he quite clearly proved to me that he was not in words, but in reality - that he doesn’t care about me at all and doesn’t need me, even after he repeated to me a second time that I should leave him his daughter.

No, I’ve had enough of this dried-out professor, this heartless “erudite,” let him bury himself headlong in his books, and he doesn’t need a family and a wife at all, his numerous relatives completely replace them.

In a word, I don’t regret at all that we broke up, but I’m only sorry that a lot of good feelings were wasted on him, on this icy wall!”

And Svetlana could not tell her father personally about such important events in her life, because the leader isolated himself from everything and did not want to see her...

After the 20th Congress, Svetlana met with her distant relative Ivan Svanidze, who had returned from exile. At birth he was named Jonrid in honor of the American journalist who wrote the famous book about October revolution- "Ten days that shocked the world." Svanidze lost his parents at the age of eleven - his father was shot, and his mother was sent into exile, where she died. Svanidze and Alliluyeva got along. But two unfortunate and tormented souls could not give peace and consolation to each other.

After the death of her father, Svetlana Alliluyeva’s personal life remained a subject constant worry supreme power. Especially from the moment she met a foreigner. Indian communist Raji Brij Singh lived in Moscow and worked as a translator at the Foreign Literature Publishing House. Their romance proceeded under the vigilant attention of operatives of the 7th Directorate of the KGB.

Knowing her character, they did not dare to interfere with Svetlana. But they watched relentlessly. Just like her brother, Vasily Stalin, was followed until his death in March 1962. Most of all they were afraid of contacts between Stalin's children and foreigners. And then there’s an affair with an Indian citizen!

The security officers were in vain to fear that someone was trying to recruit Svetlana Alliluyeva. Everything she did in her life, she did in obedience own feelings and desires. In general, she was a very independent person and, in spite of everything, she married an Indian. But she was unlucky again. Her fourth husband - he was much older than her - turned out to be a sick man. And he died in her arms. He bequeathed to bury him in his homeland. Svetlana asked permission to fulfill his last wish.

The Politburo really didn’t want to let her go abroad, as if they had a presentiment of something! But her late husband was a communist, India is a more than friendly country, and there was no reason to refuse. Svetlana was reluctantly released, although accompanied by two security officers. But they didn’t follow.

On March 7, 1967, when Moscow was preparing to adequately celebrate International Women's Solidarity Day, Stalin's daughter Svetlana Iosifovna Alliluyeva came to the American embassy in Delhi and asked for political asylum. She was taken to Italy, then to Switzerland, and from there she was taken to the United States.

Having fled to the West, Svetlana Alliluyeva sat down to write a book of memoirs, “Twenty Letters to a Friend.” She painted a portrait of her father, who saw enemies everywhere: “This was already a pathology, it was a mania of persecution from devastation, from loneliness... He was extremely fierce against the whole world.”

Svetlana wrote not so much about her criminal father as about her worthless, stupid, double, useless and unpromising life, full of cruel losses and bitter disappointments and losses. Proximity to power can give a person comfort, honors, ostentatious respect, but it does not make a person happy. In the eighties, she returned to the USSR, but was unable to settle here and left her homeland again - this time forever.