How to escape from a bear? Do not spit in the well: what threatens humanity with massive deforestation? How to avoid meeting wild dangerous animals

Walk in the woods- it is always a joy from communicating with the world of wildlife, it causes a whole range of sensations and impressions, painted in spring-summer-autumn-winter colors. However, lovers of such trips must know: the forest is, first of all, the most complex complex of relationships between plants, animals, soils, sunlight and night darkness, air and water.

man in the forest- a guest, and from the point of view of the forest inhabitants - an uninvited and uninvited guest, often not at all knowing the rules of behavior "away". Hence - accidents, emergencies, injuries, fears, legends and myths associated with both exaggeration and understatement of the danger that the forest is fraught with.

Animals living in the forest are a danger to humans. They are very diverse, but it is still possible to formulate several general patterns in their behavior:

1. Animals, especially birds and mammals, are much better adapted to life in the forest than humans. They have more advanced sense organs and are almost always the first to notice a person by smell and sound. Its smell for a wild animal is the strongest signal of danger.

2. One should not exaggerate the widespread opinion about the fearfulness of animals, especially large predators. For some of them, such as the bear and the tiger, a very common behavioral trait is curiosity, which can sometimes turn into unprovoked aggression.

3. Not people, but animals are in the forest on their territory, so they regard the appearance of a person as a typical “border violation”, “invasion” with all the ensuing consequences.

4. In the animal world, in contrast to human society, the concepts of "alien" and "enemy", "unknown" and "dangerous" often coincide, so it is at least naive to count on a friendly attitude on the part of forest dwellers.

5. Animals, to a greater extent than people, try to avoid danger: mobile ones go as far as possible from a person, inactive ones use various methods of passive or active protection. Forest animals are unsurpassed masters of disguise, they know how to use all sorts of shelters.

6. The behavior of many animals (especially large ungulates and carnivores) changes significantly at certain periods of their life cycle (reproduction, migration, etc.). Animals become much more aggressive, and the danger to humans increases dramatically.

7. Any species, even a widespread species, prefers certain habitats, and here the probability of an accidental meeting with animals of this species is higher.

Remember two fairly simple and accessible rules that will help you avoid many troubles. It is necessary to have an idea about the habits of animals and birds, plus be attentive and careful during forest walks.

Forest emergencies related to animals can be divided into two groups: an active attack by a potentially dangerous animal and accidents resulting from careless (or illiterate) handling of an animal, which in a normal situation is quite neutral towards a person.

In the main zone of settlement in Russia and Ukraine, situations of the first type are most often associated with large predatory and ungulate animals - a bear, a wolf, a tiger, a lynx, a leopard, an elk, a wild boar, a deer. Attacks that are not provoked by a person are quite rare. For example, a tiger attacks people for no reason in about 4% of all cases. Usually, the animal attacks: in self-defense, while hunting, being caught near prey, when a person carelessly invades its territory, during the mating season (the so-called rut; animals during this period are especially aggressive), protecting offspring, with persistent pursuit under - a wound or simply by a chance meeting with a person, with a sudden close contact "eye to eye".

According to many experts, the most unpredictable large forest predator in terms of behavior is the brown bear. Most of the sudden encounters with this animal end in its swift flight. Nevertheless, cases of unprovoked attacks on a person in the European part of Russia are noted almost every year. Unexpectedly, "go out to the bear", as a rule, pickers of mushrooms, berries and tourists. Sometimes a bear shows aggression and may even chase a person, but then quickly stops the pursuit and runs away. However, much more serious incidents are also known, when the beast literally besieged the hunting lodge - sometimes for almost a week! - and did not let people out of there. Cases of aggression of a bear disturbed in a winter den are quite common. However, it is easy to avoid such "dates" if you know the bears' favorite places in the given forest (bears are quite conservative in choosing the territory for the den) and avoid them as far as possible. A significant danger is fraught with a meeting with a wolf, although this predator will almost always prefer to hide than attack. The well-known Canadian naturalist Farley Mowat remarkably described such a sudden meeting. “... We faced nose to nose. We were separated by some two meters ... We silently stared at each other. I don't know what was going on in his massive skull, but my head was filled with a swarm of unsettling thoughts. The amber eyes of a seasoned tundra wolf stared straight at me; apparently, he was heavier than me and, no doubt, had a much better command of unarmed combat techniques.

For several seconds neither of us moved, we continued to hypnotize each other with our eyes. The wolf broke the spell first. With a jump that would have done honor even to Russian dancers, he soared into the air and took to his heels ... "

In recent years, experts have noted that people encounter wolves in the forest zone more often than before. Fans of forest walks, and especially long-distance routes, should be careful.

Perhaps the most serious danger is a sudden encounter with a wolf or a fox that is sick with rabies. Here the attack is almost guaranteed, and it is almost impossible to avoid it. A sick animal can be recognized by its "dazedness", angry eyes, sharply aggressive behavior, immediate, literally on the move, attack. The animal sometimes seems to spit; there is often foam in the corners of the mouth. These animals are dangerous even when they are already dying and, snarling, cannot move. In no case should you approach them - they may have time to bite, and then a long treatment will be necessary.

Animals with rabies are not found everywhere, and before going to the forest it would be useful to get information from the SES about the foci of the disease. In case of a bite, you should immediately consult a doctor, because only the correct and, most importantly, timely treatment started and carried out guarantees a complete recovery.

In recent years, due to the emergence of numerous holiday villages, another serious problem has arisen - feral dogs that huddle in packs, often large ones. Animals are very aggressive, secretive and cunning (learned from humans). Meeting with a flock is extremely dangerous in the same cases as with other predators. If such dogs fell on you, we advise you to use a peculiar method of protection. Since many of these animals still remember communication with a person, a sharp and imperative shout “no!” often helps.

Wild ungulates common for Russian and Ukain forests- moose, wild boars, deer, roe deer - are much more shy and cautious than predators, and, as a rule, leave a person. However, during the mating season, these animals are characterized by increased excitability and aggressiveness and can pose a significant danger. There are cases when an elk kept a tree “under siege” for hours, on which an unlucky tourist or hunter escaped from an angry elk.

How to avoid an unwanted meeting with a wild beast? Perhaps the best way is to minimize the chance of collision. Refrain from traveling to areas where predator encounters are common; do not appear in the favorite habitats of dangerous animals. If you still went on a hiking trip, be extremely careful and careful, especially at night. The presence of predators or dangerous ungulates can be indicated by a variety of signs: footprints on the soil, crushed grass and undergrowth, peeled bark on trees, droppings, feeding places, and sometimes the remains of prey. Wolves, the first to smell a person, make specific sounds (snorting, howling, ringing barking), warning other members of the pack, and especially young animals. Boars during the rut or feeding behave so noisily that it is not so difficult to notice them. Animal paths, impassable, overgrown with bushes and littered areas of the forest, windbreaks should be avoided. In such places, there is a high probability of meeting an animal, and besides, it is extremely inconvenient to retreat here. Going into the forest (best not alone), be sure to tell about where you are going to go and when you plan to return.

But what if an unpleasant date still happened? First of all, don't lose your presence of mind! Try not to panic. Experienced hunters believe that the animal feels when a person is afraid of him, your fear will only spur aggression, that is, the instinct of an attack on a weaker opponent may work in the animal. No sudden movements and piercing screams - at least at the first moment, until you are sure that you can really scare, and not attract the beast in this way. However, sometimes the scream actually confuses the animal and even turns it into a stampede. Stories are told about how a man, spreading his arms, ran screaming towards a bear, and he retreated in fear. However, not everyone is capable of such actions!

When meeting a bear or a tiger, you should not turn your back on the beast: he will regard such a pose as proof of your weakness. From danger, a person naturally tries to run away, but in this case, running away is good only if you are absolutely sure that you will reach a safer place (for example, a hunting lodge, a tree, a car, etc.) faster than a predator, and to do this in forest conditions is extremely difficult. It is almost impossible to run away from a bear or a tiger; besides, in all predators, the flight of the prey only warms up the desire to pursue it. Experts, as the best way out of the situation, are advised to freeze in place, and then, as calmly as possible, backing away, retreat and, only having retired 10-15 meters, also slowly, sideways retreat. At these moments, it is very important not to provoke the predator to aggressive behavior by excessive courage or, on the contrary, cowardice, not to aggravate the situation, which at the very beginning is more neutral than frankly dangerous. The experience of unexpected encounters with a tiger shows that in about 80% of cases the animal does not show aggression at the first moment, behaves “cognitively”, does not leave the person, but does not approach him either. A tiger can simply stand still and look in the direction of a stranger, and then retire with dignity.

Experienced people do not advise looking directly into the eyes of a predator for a long time, since such a look (and a person, numb with fear, usually stares at the animal) can be perceived as rivalry and will only spur aggression.

Retreating, you need to carefully monitor the facial expressions of the animal in order to predict its intentions. A bear, for example, has a good "indicator" of a relatively calm state - ears standing upright. If the ears are pressed to the head, the hair on the back of the neck stands on end, the beast shows its teeth, trembles, hunches a little, it means that it is really angry and ready to attack.

When you are faced with a large predator nose to nose, remember that there is some critical distance, under which the situation will still remain fairly neutral and the beast will most likely not dare to attack first, but will only frighten. If the distance is less than critical, then the predator may feel cornered and go ahead, i.e., rush at the person. Therefore, suddenly finding yourself, for example, directly in front of a bear, move a few meters to the side, keeping a critical distance.

While in the forest, it is sometimes worth making your presence known (by voice or in another way), as if warning the animals and giving them the opportunity to leave. In general, if a person is not on the hunt, the most correct thing for him is to go noisily, speak loudly or hum. But on the contrary, the sounds of a human voice can attract an exceptionally dangerous predator, a connecting rod bear.

Experienced hunters also talk about more "exotic" ways of behavior at critical moments of a meeting with a predator. This, for example, is the “persuasion” of the animal: the person began to talk affectionately about something and the calm intonation softened the aggressive tension of the animal. In some cases, objects thrown aside helped - a backpack, a hat, a sweater, food; they diverted the attention of the predator and gave time to retreat. Another way to reduce the aggression of the beast is to pretend to be dead, as some small animals do. It is recommended to fall on your side, if possible curl into a ball, reducing the surface of the body, and hide your head. It is likely that the beast will sniff, touch or even move you for a long time - you need to be prepared and endure for this.

To avoid direct contact with a predator, all methods are good, since an unprepared person has very few chances to emerge victorious in a fight with a tiger, wolf or bear. Meanwhile, experts note that hand-to-hand combat with a brown bear often ends in serious injuries than death on the spot, the beast is more likely to “remember”, but not kill. There were cases when hunters, having fallen into the “arms” of a bear, acted so decisively and courageously (any means were used, up to blows to a sensitive nose and bites!), That the beast retreated.

Nevertheless, let us remind you once again: there are no rules of conduct that would guarantee an unarmed person absolute safety when meeting with a large predator. Most importantly, try to avoid encountering wild animals.

Another type of emergencies is the careless handling of seemingly harmless forest dwellers. Unfortunately, such emergencies happen much more often than attacks by large animals, and the person himself is primarily to blame for them.

From this point of view, many forest animals can be considered as potentially dangerous. First of all, it is an extensive and diverse group of poisonous animals.

Under certain circumstances, the danger is represented by arachnids and insects, especially biting and stinging - beetles, ants, wasps, mosquitoes, flies, butterflies. These small mobile animals, almost imperceptible in dense grass or bushes, are able to penetrate the eyes, nose, mouth, ears, which can lead to serious injuries, especially in children. Halts and overnight stays on a hike should be done away from places of accumulation of social insects; We also advise you to carefully check the clothes. Explain to young children that it is strictly forbidden to take insects in your hands, and even more so in your mouth, since even the most “kind” beetle will always have means of protection - spines, “jaws”, an unpleasant smell, caustic substances, etc.

Despite large-scale preventive measures, there is a threat of infection with serious diseases, which can be carried by forest insects. First of all, flies should be mentioned here. They carry pathogenic microorganisms (causative agents of dysentery, cholera, typhoid fever, diphtheria) on their lanks and proboscis. These insects are especially dangerous near forest dumps. A person is “owed” to ticks by such serious diseases as tick-borne encephalitis and piroplasmosis. No less dangerous are fleas (they carry plague and tularemia) and blood-sucking mosquitoes, which not only cause pain with bites, but also carry a number of pathogens. Perhaps the simplest and most accessible method of preventing the bites of these animals is a thorough examination of exposed areas of the body immediately after each visit to the forest, as well as the use of a wide arsenal of modern insect repellents. And of course - preventive vaccinations, thanks to which the frequency and severity of diseases has been significantly reduced.

Small and medium-sized predatory mammals belonging to the mustelid family (badger, ermine, weasel, pine marten, black polecat, European mink, otter) are harmless only at first glance. Remember that mustelids are, although relatively small in size, but still the most real and very energetic predators capable of active and aggressive defense; when protecting the young, they are able to seriously bite. There are cases when a badger, disturbed in its hole, severely bit the hunting dogs and the hunters themselves, which they would never do first when they accidentally met a person. Some animals (for example, weasel, polecat, ermine) are not devoid of curiosity and willingly visit settlements, and in the forest they can approach the campsite of tourists, especially at night.

It is not out of place to recall once more about such an “iron” rule of behavior in the forest as a ban on destroying animal shelters - burrows, nests, etc. A person who violates this rule not only behaves unworthily towards our smaller brothers, but also exposes his own health and life to serious danger, because in the face of the loss of his own home or the death of offspring, the most peaceful creature “goes wild”.

In conditions of limited visibility, especially at night, any animal, even a harmless one, can be very frightening, especially a child, with a loud cry, a sudden sharp movement, or simply by its appearance (for example, non-venomous snakes). From fright, people sometimes had heart attacks, when not only such a large bird as a capercaillie, but even a hazel grouse suddenly took off right from under their feet. The sharp and noisy takeoff of birds is nothing more than an active defense, designed to bring the predator into a state of shock for a moment. In the forest, with relative isolation, fear is much more difficult to bear and sometimes leads to severe stress, psychological trauma. Here you always need to be internally prepared for fear, for the fact that you can hear or see something “terrible”.

Study the habits of wild animals, then the fear of them will recede, and the forest dwellers will favorably accept you into their "company".

We all want to live in comfortable conditions and a safe environment. In addition, it is important for us to preserve our property - a house, a car, garden plantings and buildings, etc. Trees often become a serious threat to our security. The very trees that provide us with comfort - create shade, protect from wind and dust, humidify the air, purify it from harmful impurities, and finally produce oxygen that is vital for us.

Kill and maim

The thousand-year history of mankind is inextricably linked with trees, they have not only practical, but also aesthetic value for us, and a situation can be called truly paradoxical when trees turn into a threat to our life, health and property.

Here are some excerpts from media reports.

- 07/01/2013 on the street. Academician Vinogradova, Moscow, a 25-year-old student died as a result of a tree fall ...

- 06/19/13 in the Krasnoglinsky district of Samara, a tree fell on an elderly woman on a pedestrian sidewalk. The victim died from her injuries...

– 09/05/13 on Varshavskoe highway in Moscow, a tree fell on a 60-year-old woman, who died as a result of this ...

- In August 2012, a tree branch fell on a 13-year-old girl near the house on the street. Vetlyanskaya. She died from her injuries. The Samara Investigative Committee of the ICR believes that the cause of the tragedy was the improper performance of professional duties by the head of the repair and maintenance site, since this tree had long been recognized as emergency and had to be eliminated. Investigators charged the said head with negligence, resulting in causing death by negligence ...

- May 15 on the street. Remizov (Moscow), a tree fell on a child. A 9-year-old boy was hospitalized with a traumatic brain injury and concussion ...

– Two children were injured when a tree fell on Leningradsky Prospekt (Moscow), where an old poplar fell on a playground. As a result, a three-year-old boy and girl were hospitalized with bruises on their backs and heads...

At first glance, it seems that we are talking about accidents, but in fact, such tragedies are often caused by criminal negligence. The essence of the problem lies in indifference, slovenliness, ignorance and false economy.

It must be admitted that many of the trees growing on municipal lands are now a danger. First of all, this applies to trees affected by rot. It is these trees that, falling under the pressure of the wind, cause damage to people's health and their property, and often cause death. And in our country, such cases are repeated more and more often. Among dangerous trees there are a huge number of old poplars.

In Germany, many municipalities have banned the planting of poplars in settlements.

poplar problem

The problem with poplars came from our parents. But we have no right to blame them - they acted according to their contemporary knowledge and tasks. It was necessary to build a lot of housing and plant greenery in settlements in a short time. And poplar is grown easily and quickly, but at the same time this species is soft-leaved, with loose wood, and is easily affected by rot. In addition, mature trees have a huge crown with a large mass. The combination of these factors makes poplar a dangerous, fall-prone tree.

Utilities are forced to carry out the so-called "crowning" - the removal of the upper part of the tree in order to lighten the crown. But very often pseudo-professionals get carried away and “crown” not only poplars, but also lindens and birches. And if lindens, at the very least, live out their days in the form of "pencil pillars", then birches inevitably die.

In essence, "kronirovanie" - the path to the gradual destruction of the tree. In the place of the cut, the development of rot begins. It extends further into the trunk. Therefore, the affected part must be cut off every third year, like sharpening a pencil, which ultimately leads to the destruction of the tree. But if this is not done, an even bigger problem will arise: a new crown will form in place with rot, gaining a huge mass.

Such a barbaric attitude towards trees in our cities makes a huge impression on foreign experts. Knowing about the problems of poplars, for example, in Germany, in many municipalities it was forbidden to plant this breed in settlements. In our country, they continue to reinvent the wheel and try to grow male poplars that do not spread fluff and are resistant to rot. But in stressful situations (for example, in extreme heat), the poplar is able to be reborn from a male to a female and begins to bear fruit.

In essence, "cropping" is a way to gradually destroy a tree.

Rotten

Why do intra-stem rot develop? Experts know - from various damage to the trunk and branches. Mechanical damage to the pruning site, breaks in large branches, frost holes, etc. are open gates for penetration into the infection trunk.

In the overwhelming majority of cases, spores of wood-destroying fungi penetrate the trunk at a still young age, when the tree is transplanted into new growing conditions. The reason is known - thermal damage to the conductive tissues of the tree due to a sharp change in solar exposure to the bark. Burns and frost cracks occur, and rot begins to develop at the site of the lesion.

Thermal damage

The importance of thermal damage in our country is very often underestimated. We don't want to understand the elementary. Arriving to sunbathe on the sea, the first thing a person does is smear a pale body with sunscreen so as not to burn. Allows the skin to get used to the changed intensity of solar radiation. The same protection is required for a tree planted in new conditions. It is necessary to apply protection from radiation to the bark, to help the tree adapt. And it is very important to know how and with what protection can be provided.

How do we usually do it? We take whitewash and in spring or autumn we smear the trunk of a tree to a height of 1 m. We smear both young trees and old ones with thick bark. What do we get as a result? Absolutely nothing! Waste of time, effort and money. It has long been proven that thermal damage to the conductive tissues of a tree occurs at peak temperatures, usually in July, and spring frosts - at the end of February - March. The whitewash is washed off after the third rain, and the tree is left unprotected. Conventional whitewashing with lime is not only ineffective, but also harmful to wood tissue, because it interferes with breathing. And covering the trunk of a young tree by no more than a meter is not enough at all - the trunk must be protected to the very crown.

The problems listed above are solved by the innovative Arbo-Flex tree protection product. A single application of this coating on the bark not only provides the plant with long-term reliable and absolutely harmless protection, but also saves money spent on annual useless whitewashing.

Thermal damage to the conductive tissues of wood occurs at peak temperatures, usually in July, and spring frost holes occur at the end of February - March.

Dangerous economy

The danger of thermal damage is that they can be detected, as a rule, 7–10 years after transplantation. A problem arises: money was invested in the tree, and then damage was discovered in which rot is developing. As a result, a dilemma arises: to remove the tree or continue to grow? After all, a grown adult tree with rot is a great danger. If you don’t remove it, the person affected by the fallen tree will sue the municipality. And to remove - to incur economic damage.

In developed countries, the affected trees, in spite of everything, are removed. And our municipalities often go the second way. Thinking about today, they save, but such “savings” can be too expensive. I was not too lazy and examined the lindens, maples and chestnuts near my house in the park in Mitino - 60% of the trees have dry sides due to thermal burns. And among these potential killers our children will walk!

One gets the impression that at present many of us live one day: if only now it is good, but what will happen tomorrow is not of interest. How else can one explain the planting of trees from the forest on the streets of cities, where one-sided, irregular crowns are formed due to cramped conditions and solar deficiency? Take a closer look at young trees, and you will see both multi-stemmed crowns and individual, large branches sticking out to the side. In the absence of a proper care system in Russia, such specimens, growing up, turn into a threat to the surrounding space. But, according to people who live by the principle “my hut is on the edge - I don’t know anything”, this is not their problem. And the fact that in the future this situation will create a problem for our children does not interest them.

Tree inspection with ARBOTOME
Examining a tree with a RESISTOGRAPH
Germany. Trees protected by Arbo-Flex

What to do?

What is the way to solve the problem? How to protect our yards and streets from dangerous trees?

First, it is necessary to urgently introduce modern technologies and methods to accurately identify emergency trees. And nothing has been invented better than instrumental diagnostic methods using resistography and sound tomography. When examining the state of a tree, the RESISTOGRAPH ® device immediately issues a printout on the spot, on which the expert sees the real situation inside the trunk. Fortunately, now RESISTOGRAPHS are actively purchased by the administrations of Russian cities and with their help they solve the problem of identifying emergency trees.

Secondly. In the Russian Federation, at present, there is no unified legal act that is mandatory for implementation, regulating the relationship between people and trees growing on municipal lands. And it is very important to urgently develop and adopt it. Sometimes people object to me, pointing out that in many cities there are different rules for planting and maintaining green spaces, but basically they are based on the “Rules for the Creation, Protection and Maintenance of Green Plantations in the Cities of the Russian Federation” approved by Gosstroy back in 1999, bearing recommendation character! They are very outdated. It's been 15 years already! There are many misconceptions in them, and many vital issues are not touched upon in any way.

In the Russian Federation, at present, there is no unified legal act that is mandatory for implementation, regulating the relationship between people and trees growing on municipal lands.

professional care

The level of professional tree care in Russia lags far behind the level in European countries. There, this industry has been actively developing since the beginning of the twentieth century. In the process of the formation of the North American and European markets, professional communities of workers, scientists and specialists, educational state and commercial institutions, research and production companies have appeared.

The main thing is that every tree from the moment of planting to old age is registered, provided with control and care. A specialist throughout the life of a tree monitors its growth and development of the crown. Everything is done to ensure that in old age it is safe. And this despite the fact that in Western countries a tree from the forest is not planted on the streets. It comes from a tree nursery, with a well-formed crown already.

In our cities, the situation is still quite different. Many scientific advances are not used by municipalities, with the result that thousands of planted trees continue to be damaged, creating problems for future generations. Ignoring modern knowledge leads to unreasonable monetary costs for senseless annual whitewashing of trunks with lime, replacement of dead specimens and compensation for damage caused by a fallen tree to property and people's health.

We must correct this situation and save not only ourselves, but also future generations from the problems.

Good afternoon friends. Hunters and fishermen, wildlife photographers, mushroom and berry pickers, tourists, etc. Although, most likely, this article is not for you, but for those who are not familiar with the forest. For those who have been rotten all their lives in a stinking city, they are going to the forest for the first time, and do not know what to expect from it. For those who are familiar with the forest, but use it more as a consumer, without studying it and the inhabitants of the forest. For those who see the forest as the center of evil and danger.

Well, it's good to chatter! Go!

The desire to write such an article and in this form arose long ago. Tired of answering the numerous stupid questions of all sorts of rams of ignorant and little-known people about the danger of the forest. Every time I talk about my trips to the forest, and even with an overnight stay, and even alone (are you finally an asshole?), I hear the same thing. Therefore, I will try to cite here the most common misconceptions regarding the forest, and I will try to clearly explain seemingly understandable things and refute some misconceptions.

Let's make a reservation right away - everything I write here concerns adults and healthy people. Much of what is written here does not apply to the elderly and children - these are people with disabilities and health. But in general, this is more related to the issue of survival in the forest. Also, please note that I am writing here about the middle zone of Russia - not about the jungle or the deaf Siberian taiga (although much that will be written here applies to it too). Let's continue our conversation about the dangers of the forest.

As a rule, only the last ochkonauts are afraid of the forest, people who know little about it. If, even in theory, you know about the main dangers of the forest and how to deal with them, then fear will go away by itself.

So why is the forest dangerous and is it worth it to be afraid of the forest at all?

1) Predators (bears, wolves, lynxes, etc.).

As a rule, those suckers of newcomers who first enter the forest are awed by tales of bears and wolves devouring people. Just tell him such a tale - and now he is already nervous, does not go far from you, looks around. After such a tale, this dristun person would never agree to spend the night in this forest alone. After all, this is certain death! As soon as dusk descends, hungry wolf eyes are already looking at you from under the tree, and somewhere behind the mane, a bear that has fasted for several days is growling. What to do? Probably, it is necessary to climb a tree in the forest, these smart rams will say again. Yeah, come on, come on, Tarzan, you climb ours! How long have you been climbing trees? At the same time, check your physical fitness. And also try to sleep there until the morning, sitting on a tree (it's only Katniss from the Hunger Games who sleeps so confidently and well in trees). And then you will tell the same ignorant people like you how many predators roam the night forest.

Okay, joke and that's enough. And now for the predators. There is not!!! in our forests there are predators that just like that will attack a person. I ask you to remember one thing - a healthy animal is always afraid (often - afraid of panic) of a person. The bear, as a rule, eats at once never attacks the person. If you don't believe me, try to look for official statistics in the magazines "UFO", "Miracles and Adventures", on REN-TV ministries of ecology or hunting departments. Such cases, as a rule, are extremely rare and they count by a few in a few years. Those exceptions, when a bear nevertheless eats people alive together with a guan attacks a person, as a rule, come down to: the beast is mortally wounded while hunting, the bear protects the cubs, the clubfoot himself is put in a position where his life is in danger. In the other 99.9% of cases, the bear either walks away unnoticed, or simply warns with a growl or with its actions. If you know about this, then you will protect yourself from eating you by a bear in cases of attack.

The same is with wolves. wolf to the core panic!!!(please remember) afraid of a person! A healthy wolf will never attack a human! Rare exceptions are a beast with rabies or a mortally wounded animal, or a wolf driven mad by hunger in winter. And even in winter, a wildly starving wolf will not attack a person, if only in a pack, and if only on a weak person (child, old man, sick). Do you think I'm healing you here? Don't believe me? Remember the ending of the Soviet movie "Sannikov Land". Still don't believe? Read the official (I repeat - official!!!) statistics in the magazines "UFO", "Miracles and Adventures", on REN-TV official sources. How many people have been eaten by wolves in your area in at least the last ten years? Ah, one and a half hundred people, not a single one! But stubbornly in the villages and newspapers rumors about eaten girls or teachers roam (I think I heard this story when I was five years old). It is always better to trust a neighbor than some unknown Ivan Ivanych from the authorities in the Ministry of Ecology. If you still don’t believe like a sheep and stand your ground to the last, my advice to you is that it’s better not to go into the forest at all. You will definitely be taken there!

2) Overnight stay in the forest. (Are you tired of living?)

I hear this expression very often. “Spending the night in the forest is fucking scary, it’s very dangerous to crap yourself, it’s better not to. As a rule, if you ask a person: “Why”, he will answer meaningfully “ Well, you never know, anything can happen". No specifics. Friends, open the news bulletin for the past 24 hours - “everything” happens every day in the city - people are killed, girls are raped, children disappear, people are crushed by cars, people are on fire, maimed, injured, etc. In the forest, there is no “everything” that can happen to you in the city. I don’t heal, I tell you honestly - spending the night in the forest is many times safer than in the city. I'd even say it's completely safe! If you are not afraid of the forest, you can safely spend the night, nothing will happen to you. The main enemy of a person when spending the night in the forest is a bear, his mother is cold. So the main thing here is to dress warmly. Only and everything. And you can safely send such people who say such nonsense about spending the night in the forest to put them in their place. But nothing is remembered for a lifetime like spending the night alone in the forest, for example, about.

3) You can get lost in the forest and die.

Yes, it's probably true. Already a little like the truth. But, at the beginning of the article, we made a reservation. As a rule, people who got lost and died in the forest are old people and children, as we have already said, people with disabilities and health. It very rarely happens that healthy and full of strength people get lost and die in the forest. Rarely! Although they are lost quite often. After all, only the last loshara can get lost in the three pines, even the one with the forest on “you”. But here in the middle part of Russia, as a rule, the forest does not stretch so far in any one direction, as, for example, in the Siberian taiga. Even if you rush like a saiga to go at a speed of 3-4 km / h, in 2-3 days you will reach some settlement. And this is through a continuous forest, without coordinating their actions. And in our forests there are always paths, forest roads, etc. Another thing is that here such problems as thirst, hunger and cold come to the fore. But, again, I do not believe that an adult and healthy ambal person will not be able to cope with these problems in one or two nights in the forest. In spring, summer and autumn, you can find berries and water in the forest, and you can escape from the cold, at least by simply moving. But in general, about that. In the meantime, let's continue talking about the dangers of the forest.

4) Snakes, ticks and other creeping and flying muck.

First, about snakes. Let's remember that in the central part of Russia there is only one type of poisonous snake - an ordinary viper. All other snakes are non-venomous. Copperhead not poisonous, remember this is already tired of repeating to stubborn sheep, even if there is a stake on your head, it would be all right !!! Very often they mistake a legless spindle lizard for a poisonous copperfish. It happens that the snake is confused with the viper. The only thing to be afraid of is the viper. But! We remember the important! Snake never!!! the first does not attack, does not bite just like that. Why? Everything is simple. The viper needs venom for hunting, and the accumulation of a new portion of venom after a bite takes a long time and takes a lot of energy from the snake. Therefore, the snake does not want to squander it to waste it left and right. Now we remember the second important point. The venom of a viper knocks down a bull weighing half a ton from its feet is not fatal! You can easily look at the statistics and see that the number of deaths from viper bites is negligible. But do not piss on a bare wire to tempt fate. Who knows, maybe you are allergic to a snake bite? No need to tease the snake - it’s better to wet it right away and let it crawl away calmly. In general, the common viper is listed in the Red Book in many areas, and do not be barbarians and monsters gone assholes. If the animal does not bother you - do not bother him! If you go to the forest for mushrooms, berries, hunting for squeezing and fucking or a walk - just put on your rubber boots - and that's it! This will solve all your problems.

Now about ticks. Yes, we have got a lot of this nastiness lately from where, the bitches, come from. Contrary to popular belief, there are not so many ticks in a continuous forest. And really, what are they doing there? And more often they are found on paths, edges, field and country roads, parks - in a word, where there are more people and animals. Another tale - ticks fly and jump, yeah, spider-man, aptel on people from trees. To get started, read at least about them on Wikipedia and look at the photos of ticks so as not to look like a stupid asshole. First, mites belong to the arachnid class (spiders don't have wings, do they?). Secondly, why does a tick need to spend so much energy and climb a tree to jump on top of a person, but, missed, loshara with varying degrees of success. It is easier for a tick to sit by the path, waiting for prey. When you walk by, he clings to your ass clothes and looks for an exit to the skin. Everything is simple here - it is better to use deaf clothes or treat clothes with poop repellents before going into the forest. It's a good idea to check yourself often if you know there are a lot of ticks in the area. If you nevertheless “picked up” a tick, cut it out right there with the meat, carefully remove it and hand it over for testing for syphilis borreliosis or encephalitis. And although the probability of infection is very small, it is better to play it safe and sleep peacefully. And even better - get vaccinated in advance and be calm.

By the way, about insects. Do not disturb wasp or bee hives. Well, if you found one, it’s better to run headlong and bypass it. And you are calmer, and insects. And no one bothers them, and you will not be lucky enough to take the sting out of your ass to be bitten.

5) Other hazards.

How else can a forest be dangerous? What do people who usually warn about the numerous dangers of the forest include here? I don't even know what to include in the meaningful phrase " And a little something...". As a rule, these are simply inventions of illiterate and obscure people. Let's not be like those who are afraid of the forest like fire and invent all kinds of bullshit about it. Better yet, let's talk about the real dangers that can warn a person in the forest.

The main enemies of a person in the forest are cold, hunger and dehydration. Therefore, we remember a simple thing - even if you go for a regular walk, do not be too lazy to take with you a backpack full of garbage matches / lighter and something hearty (bread, bacon, a chocolate bar). Let's not forget about the booze water. I don't think a box of matches or a bar of chocolate will take up much space - they can fit in a pocket. But if you suddenly get lost, you can build a fire at night and keep warm, and you can treat the bear to eat for several days with a bar of chocolate. You can also get into the forest in a thunderstorm or hurricane. Do not be afraid - it is better to wait out a thunderstorm or a hurricane by climbing the tallest tree in the forest and lying on the ground (not under old and tall trees) so that you do not crash. When walking through the forest, it is better to avoid meeting windbreaks, blockages and chapyga with a bear, so as not to get injured. If you suddenly get into a forest fire, you should leave as quickly as possible in the direction of the wind, using all sorts of natural barriers to fire - hills, rivers, lakes, etc. When walking through the swamps, you should remember that you can be devoured by a dashing one-eyed or water one; we don’t have quicksands and bogs. But there are peat bogs where you can fall through. Therefore, it is not recommended to cross the ford; it is better to fly over peat bogs. Moss swamps (in the final stage of their development) as a rule can be waded, bypassing the most haunted places "damp" areas. You should also be more careful near rivers or on the borders of the forest and the field - where thickets of nettles or hogweed come across, so as not to get burned by these plants. Well, you should not eat anything in the forest, there are unfamiliar plants and berries, so as not to get poisoned.

By the way, if you are going to an unfamiliar forest, be sure to install at least a simple navigator for yourself (I wrote about navigators and), or buy yourself at least a cheap UAZ compass. After all, every first person has a smartphone, which is worth installing an elementary program and just breaking in and not being afraid to get lost. By the way, a very good thing is a GPS tracker. It remembers a dozen and a half points and shows you directions back to the last point. You can also print a satellite map of the area - if you get lost, you can use it too.

Summing up…

Well, that's all for today, wow, I got tired of writing, friends! Feel free to go into the forest and do not listen to those assholes of people who tell you all sorts of fears about the forest! Do not be afraid of the forest. Spend more time outside the city, drink, relax, breathe fresh air and enjoy unity with nature. In the meantime, I decided to launch a new section on my blog. There I will write everything about the forest - a memo to those who have lost their way, I will talk about spending the night and behavior in the forest, about the gifts of the forest and much more. Check out my blog, repost, comment! Health to you and all the best.

P.S. I sincerely apologize if I offended anyone with this article. It was not my intention to offend anyone or make fun of people. I tried to write with humor (well, excuse me, damn it, I’m joking as best I can) in order to convey the essence of my thoughts more clearly. Let's not be serious! Have a good mood everyone!

As a child, when I saw wild animals in children's books, I was very interested in them. When I grew up, I realized that in real life the “clubfoot bear” is not at all the same as in fairy tales, and I would like to give you some tips on how to behave with a bear.

How not to meet a bear

The best way to solve a problem is not to create it. Therefore, being in the wild, you need to do everything not to meet a bear and save your nerves.

• Animals are afraid of humans. So, let them know that you are here: talk loudly, turn on the music.
• Food waste attracts extra animals, so they need to be burned.
• Move to open areas where there are fewer trees and thickets.
• And, of course, do not follow the bear trails!

What to do if you meet a bear

How to escape from a bear if you see one? I believe that the key to successfully resolving difficult situations is composure. Therefore, it is very important not to panic, but to analyze the situation.

If you see a bear, but he doesn't see you, then just quietly and carefully hide in the direction that you think is best, given the location of the bear.

If the bear sees you too, then don't run. Get in place. Watch his behavior. Remember that bears rarely attack people. Speak confidently and out loud to the bear. If the bear stood on its hind legs with the front legs lowered, this is not scary, it just looks at you. Bears can be curious too! Try to back away slowly while facing the bear (but don't stare into its eyes). If the bear tries to follow you, then stand still.

How to escape from a bear if it attacks

Even if the bear gets too close, keep standing and speaking in a confident voice. Understand the purpose of the bear. If she is defensive and he is not very aggressive, then it is worth playing dead or climbing a tree.

If the bear attacks aggressively, then it's your time to scare him. Speak loudly, bang your irons, stomp your feet, try to appear bigger. If it comes to a fight, hit the bear in the face and eyes - this will be the most sensitive for him.

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I think all people in the world know about bears. Of course, most of us have seen these predators only in zoos and nature reserves. And I must say that the bears there look very calm, and the little bear cubs are completely tender. However, bears in a space fenced off from people is one thing, but bears in the wild- This is completely different.

Where does the brown bear live?

brown bears live throughout Russia and the CIS countries. They are found, most often, in dense dense forests, where people wander extremely rarely. The thing is, contrary to popular belief, bears don't eat people and generally try to avoid any contact with them. But I think you know that there are still cases in the world when bears killing people(Just kill, not eat).

As I said, these animals live in very dense forests, where people have absolutely no reason to go, but, of course, there are those who are directly drawn to adventure.

Sometimes there are times when a bear wanders into a completely unusual living environment(sometimes even to the city), but, as a rule, such an animal is either sick or injured, or something is wrong with its psyche.

How to escape from a brown bear

Before I start talking about how you can escape from a brown bear, I want to say that it is better simply never meet this predator than trying to survive a collision with him.

If you are very fond of walking through the forests during the spring and summer periods, then I do not recommend that you go into the very depths of these forests, as from May to August, the bears have a period of their highest activity, at this time they extremely aggressive and can attack a person. Also, in no case do not take food with you into the forest, from which a strong aroma comes - this can attract a bear.

Unfortunately, we can never imagine what might happen, I know stories when the most experienced and careful foresters became victims of bears. Therefore, in extreme cases, I want to give you a couple of tips that will help you when meeting with a brown bear. So, if you are in the forest, far from people, and this huge predator is standing in front of you, then should behave in a certain way:

Still, I hope you never have to face a bear.

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After watching the movie "The Revenant" with a famous scene wild bear attacks on humans I made two conclusions for myself. Firstly, I can't watch such films, and secondly, I urgently need to know how to escape from a bear in which case. Well, what if? There are a lot of bears in Russia, just in case it is better to know how to behave.

Escape the bear by pretending to be dead

Ideally, it is better not to meet with a bear. But if it was not possible to prevent the attack, it is better play dead and protect vital organs. This is suitable for behavior with brown bear, a feature of his behavior is to lose interest in the victim if he does not feel danger. To do this, you need to take the correct position:

• fall down to the ground;
• face down;
• hands cover the head;
• even bear flips you, you need to strive to take a position " on the stomach, face down».

Why exactly? Lying on your stomach, you protect your internal organs from the paws of the beast. Sorry for naturalism, but if the beast cuts your stomach, escape from the bear you definitely won't succeed. Therefore, you need to roll over, especially good if behind you backpack, it will soften the blows of the paws. Keep your hands near your face to protect your eyes.

Why do bears attack

The main reason for the attack, as you know, is that mother bear protects cubs.

So best to pretend to be dead because the dead pose no danger.

That's why defend against a she-bear with cubs at close range with weapons(shooting a bear or trying to scare it with a shot) is a very bad idea. You will shoot from a gun at random - bear will only receive confirmation that you are a danger to her cubs. Of course, if you are a high-level hunter and are sure that you will hit the brain or spine the first time, then this is a completely different story.

Never approach cubs, even if you think they are very cute. Their mother is somewhere nearby, and she will not appreciate your attack of tenderness.

Escape from a wounded bear

Another possible scenario is bear in a trap or a loop, most likely wounded.

Poachers are operating in many forests and you can become an unwitting witness to sad events.

Don't get close! A wounded bear is very dangerous and aggressive. He has enough power to kill a man. The only way escape from the bear in this case - do not fit.

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Once, when my family and I went to our old dacha, out of boredom I climbed into the attic, where I found a bunch of different books. I don’t know why, but I had a book in my hands, the name of which I don’t even remember now. It told about survival in the wild, since I could not find another occupation for myself, the book was read. I think that it was not in vain, because now I can show off my knowledge in front of my friends. For example, talk about what to do when you meet a bear.

Save yourself from a bear before you meet him

Following folk wisdom, any situation easier to prevent than to deal with its consequences. In this case, it also works. If you are not a hunter, and are not going to sneak up on the beast unnoticed, then try to warn him about your stay in the forest: talk loudly, sing, make noise in all available ways. It turns out that if a bear notices people in advance, in most cases he will try to hide and leave. For a walk, try to choose open space, do not travel through forest thickets, especially at night. If you are extraordinarily lucky and stumble upon a bear trail, then immediately turn around. Turn around and leave quickly.

What to do if the meeting took place

It is much easier for the beast to cope with the prey that is frightened and runs away than with the enemy, who is ready for defense. Here are some tips that could save your life:

About weapons

The presence of weapons insufficient measure of protection without knowing how to use it. Stories about bear hunting with a small-caliber rifle are just stories. Shooting a bear is only worth it if you know your gun can stop it. Here and now. To get away from any collision, both the beast and the person in most cases can peacefully. Do not give in to instant feelings of fear or anger, but if you absolutely sure that there is no other way out - shoot.

remember, that there is no one-size-fits-all protection, because each meeting with a wild beast takes place according to a unique scenario.