Newton's history. Years of life of the great scientist: Isaac Newton - short biography and his discoveries

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The Life and Discoveries of Isaac Newton (1642-1727) Isaac Newton, the greatest scientist who contributed greatest influence

for the development of science, was born in Woolsthorpe, England, on Christmas Day 1642 (the year of Galileo's death). Like Mohammed, Newton was born after the death of his father. Already as a child he showed an inclination towards mechanics and was very skillful. Although Isaac was a smart child, he didn't try very hard at school and didn't particularly stand out. IN adolescence his mother took him out of school, hoping that her son would successfully study agriculture . Fortunately, she did not lose faith in his abilities, and, at the age of eighteen, Isaac entered Cambridge University. There he quickly learned what was then known in the field of mathematics and natural sciences

, and even did his own research. At the age of 21 to 27, Newton laid the foundations of his theories, which revolutionized world science. Mid XVII century was a time of fast scientific development . The invention of the telescope at the beginning of the century opened a new era in astronomy. English philosopher

Francis Bacon and the French philosopher Rene Descartes called on European scientists to no longer refer to the authority of Aristotle, but to engage in their own experiments.

Galileo put this call into practice. His observations using a telescope revolutionized the astronomical understanding of the time, and his mechanical experiments established what is known as the first law of Newtonian mechanics. Other great scientists, such as Harvey with his discoveries in the field of blood circulation and Kepler, who described the laws of planetary motion around the Sun, also gave science many new important information

. But in general, pure science remained an arena of mind games, and there was as yet no evidence that science, combined with technology, could change the entire life of people, as Francis Bacon predicted. Although Copernicus and Galileo debunked some erroneous concepts of ancient scientists and made great contributions to a better understanding of the laws of the Universe, they were not yet formulated fundamental principles

Newton was generally reluctant to publish the results of his research, and although his main concepts were formulated by 1669, much was not published until much later.

The first work in which he made his discoveries public was his astonishing book on the nature of light.

After conducting a series of experiments, Newton came to the conclusion that ordinary white light is a mixture of all the colors of the rainbow. He also made a thorough analysis of the laws of reflection and refraction of light. Based on knowledge of these laws, in 1668 he created the first refracting telescope - a telescope of the same type that is now used in the main astronomical observatories.

Newton reported on these, as well as his other experiments and discoveries, at a meeting of the British Royal scientific society, when he was 29 years old. Even Isaac Newton's achievements in optics would have ensured his inclusion in our list, but his discoveries in mathematics and mechanics were much more significant.

His main contribution to mathematics was the discovery of integral calculus (during the period when he was twenty-three to twenty-four years old). This invention was not just the seed from which modern technology grew mathematical theory; Without this method most of the achievements would not be possible modern science.

But Newton's main discoveries were made in the field of mechanics. Galileo discovered the first law of motion of bodies not subject to the influence of external (extraneous) forces.

In practice, of course, all objects are subordinated to some external forces, and the question of the movement of objects under these circumstances is the most important question of mechanics. This problem was solved by Newton, who discovered the famous second law of mechanics, in fact, the most fundamental of the laws of classical physics.

This second law, expressed mathematically by the formula

states that acceleration is equal to force divided by the mass of the object. To the two laws of mechanics, Newton added the famous third law, which states that every action causes an equal reaction, and also (the most famous) the law of universal gravitation.

These four laws of mechanics constitute unified system, with the help of which it is possible to study, in fact, all macroscopic mechanical systems, from the oscillations of a pendulum to the movement of planets around the Sun.

Newton not only formulated these laws of mechanics, but himself, using mathematical methods, showed how these laws can be used to solve actual problems.

Knowledge of Newton's laws allows one to solve an extremely wide range of scientific and technical problems. During his lifetime, these laws found their most striking application in the field of astronomy. In 1687 he published his great work The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, usually referred to simply as the Principia, where he formulated the laws of mechanics and the law of universal gravitation.

Newton showed that, using these laws, the motion of the planets around the Sun could be predicted quite accurately. The fundamental problem of astronomical dynamics - the problem of predictability of the movement of celestial bodies - was solved by Newton with the help of one magnificent move. That is why he is often called a great astronomer.

What is our assessment of Newton's scientific merits based on? If you look through the indexes of scientific encyclopedias, you can find more references to Newton and his discoveries than to any other scientist.

We must also take into account what Leibniz, also a great scientist, wrote about Newton, with whom Newton sharply polemicized: “If we talk about mathematics from the beginning of the world until the time of Newton, then he did more for this science than all the others.” The great French scientist Laplace called the Principia “the greatest work of human genius.” Lagrange also considered Newton to be the greatest genius, and Ernst Mach wrote in 1901 that “since that time, all achievements in mathematics were simply the development of the laws of mechanics based on Newton’s ideas.”

In such brief overview, like ours, it is impossible to talk in detail about all of Newton's achievements, although his more private achievements also deserve attention. newton astronomy universal gravity

Thus, Isaac Newton made significant contributions to thermodynamics and acoustics, formulated the most important principle of conservation of energy, created his famous binomial theorem, and made significant contributions to astronomy and cosmogony. But, recognizing Newton as the greatest of geniuses who had the greatest influence on world science, one may still ask why he is placed here before such eminent politicians as Alexander the Great or Washington, or the greatest religious leaders such as Christ or Buddha.

My opinion: despite all the significance of political or religious changes, most people in the world lived in exactly the same way both 500 years before Alexander and 500 years later. Similar everyday life most people in 1500 AD was almost the same as 1500 BC.

Meanwhile, since 1500, with the development and rise of modern science, revolutionary changes have occurred in people's lives, in their work, nutrition, clothing, leisure activities, etc. No less changes occurred in philosophy and in religious thinking, in politics and economics Newton, a brilliant scientist, had the greatest influence on the development of modern science, and therefore deserves one of the most honorable places (second in importance) in any list of the most influential historical figures .

Newton died in 1727 and was the first scientist to be buried in Westminster Abbey.

Isaac Newton is a great English theoretical scientist. Newton's years of life are 1642−1727. Life did not spare the great genius. The scientist suffered a lot of grief, pain and loneliness. Financial difficulties, social pressure, rejection of ideas, death of mother, mental disorder. survived everything the great Newton and gave the world his brilliant ideas for the structure of the world and the Universe. Brief biography of the scientist presented in this article.

Childhood of a young scientist

Newton was born into a farming family with little income. A few months before his birth, his father died. The child was born very weak and premature. All relatives believed that he would not survive. Infant mortality in those years was simply monstrous. The baby was so small that it fit in a wool mitten. The boy fell out of this unfortunate mitten twice onto the floor and hit his head.

At the age of three, the boy remains in the care of his grandparents, as his mother marries for the second time and leaves. He will later be reunited with his mother.

Isaac grew up as a very frail, sickly child. It was absolutely introverted personality- “a thing in itself.” The child was very inquisitive, making various objects: paper kites, carts with pedals, mills, and so on. His interest in reading awoke very early. He often retired to the garden with a book and could spend hours studying the material.

In 1660, Isaac entered Cambridge University. He was one of the disadvantaged students, therefore, in addition to studying, his duties included serving the university staff.

Study of optical phenomena

In 1665, Newton was awarded the degree of Master of Arts. In the same year, a plague epidemic began in England. Isaac settles in Woolsthorpe. It was here that he began to study optics in order to understand the nature of light. He is studying chromatic aberration, performs hundreds of experiments that have become classics and are still used in educational institutions to this day.

While studying optics, the scientist at first professed wave nature of light. Light moves in the form of waves in the ether. Then he abandoned this theory, realizing that the ether must have a certain degree of viscosity that would impede the movement of cosmic bodies, which does not happen in reality.

Over time, the scientist comes to the idea of ​​the corpuscular nature of light. He conducts experiments on the refraction of light, the processes of reflection and absorption of the spectrum.

Laws of mechanics

Gradually, from experiments with light, the scientist’s understanding of the physics of the surrounding world begins to emerge. It will become the main brainchild of I. Newton. Newton studies matter and the laws of its motion in space:

1. Thanks to studies of motion, he comes to the idea that if there are no significant influences on an object, then it will move uniformly and rectilinearly in space. This conclusion is called Newton's first law.
2. The second states that moving bodies can acquire acceleration under the influence of forces applied to these bodies. Acceleration is directly proportional to the forces applied to the body and inversely proportional to the mass. It is from the consequences of this law that the understanding of the problems of applied forces comes: what kind of forces they are, how they act, how they arise.
3. And finally, the third law is the law of counteraction. The action force is equal to the reaction force. With the same force I press on the wall, with the same force it presses on me.

Law of Gravity

One of Newton's main achievements is the discovery of the law of universal gravitation. There is a myth that a scientist was sitting under an apple tree in the garden and an apple fell on his head. This dawned on the scientist: all bodies are drawn to each other. Miscalculations began on paper, endless formulas and, finally, the result - the force of attraction between bodies is proportional to their mass and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. This formula explained the movement of planets and cosmic bodies. Many physicists met this theory with hostility, since its application seemed very doubtful.

Work in Cambridge

After the plague subsided, Newton returned to Cambridge and joined the mathematics department in 1668. By this time he was already known in narrow circles as the author of the binomial, the theory of fluxions - integral calculus.

While working as a teacher, he is improving the telescope - creating a reflective telescope. The invention was evaluated representatives of the Royal Society of London. Newton receives an invitation to become a member. However, he refuses under the pretext that he has nothing to pay membership fees. He was allowed to be a member of the club for free.

In 1869, Newton's mother became seriously ill with typhus and was bedridden. Newton loved his mother very much and spent 24 hours a day at her sick bedside. He himself prepared her medicine and looked after her. However, the disease progressed, and soon the mother died.

Membership in the society was painful for Newton. His ideas were often perceived as very oppositional, which greatly upset the scientist. This also affected his health. Constant stress and anxiety resulted in mental disorder. In 1692 there was a fire and all his manuscripts and works were burned.

That same year, Newton became seriously ill. He suffered from mental illness for two years. He stopped understanding his own works.

The constant need for money and loneliness also caused his illness.

In 1699, Newton was appointed caretaker and director of the mint. This improved the scientist’s financial situation. And in 1703 he was elected president of the Royal Society of London and was awarded a knighthood.

Published works

Let us list the main works of the scientist that were published:

• “Mathematical principles of natural philosophy”;
• "Optics".

Newton's personal life

Newton spent his entire life alone. There are no surviving references to his partners and life partners. It is believed that Isaac was lonely all his life. This, of course, influenced his sublimated switching of sexual energy into creative potential. But this same fact served as the basis for his emotional disorders.

In his mature years, the scientist had great financial wealth and very generously distributed his money to those in need. He said: if you don’t help people during your life, it will mean that you have never helped anyone. He supported all his distant relatives, donated money to the parish in which he was raised for some time, and appointed individual scholarships for talented and capable students (for example, Maclaurin, the famous mathematician).

Throughout his life, Isaac Newton was extremely modest and shy. He for a long time did not publish his works for this reason. Having the rank of director of the Mint, he was very lenient with employees. He was never rude to students or humiliated them. Although the latter often made fun of the professor.

During his lifetime, Isaac Newton did not take photographs, since photography had not yet been invented at that time, but there is great amount portraits of a scientist.

Since 1725, Newton, already at an advanced age, stopped working. In 1727, Great Britain began new wave plague epidemics. Newton gets sick with this terrible disease and dies. In England, mourning is being held in honor of the great scientist. He is buried in Westminster Abbey. on his tombstone there is an inscription: “Let those now living rejoice that such beauty of the human race was in their world.”

> What did Isaac Newton discover?

Isaac Newton's discoveries– laws and physics from one of greatest geniuses. Study the law of universal gravitation, the three laws of motion, gravity, the shape of the Earth.

Isaac Newton(1642-1727) is remembered by us as a philosopher, scientist and mathematician. He did a lot for his time and actively participated in the scientific revolution. Interestingly, his views, Newton's laws and physics would prevail for another 300 years after his death. In fact, we have before us the creator of classical physics.

Subsequently, the word “Newtonian” will be inserted into all statements related to his theories. Isaac Newton is considered one of the greatest geniuses and most influential scientists, whose work spanned many scientific fields. But what do we owe to him and what discoveries did he make?

Three laws of motion

Let's start with his famous work “Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy” (1687), which revealed the foundations of classical mechanics. It's about about the three laws of motion, derived from the laws of planetary motion put forward by Johannes Kepler.

The first law is inertia: an object at rest will remain at rest unless acted upon by a force that is out of balance. A body in motion will continue to move at its original speed and in the same direction unless it encounters an unbalanced force.

Second: acceleration occurs when force affects mass. The greater the mass, the more force required.

Third: for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Universal gravity

Newton is to be thanked for the law of universal gravitation. He deduced that each point of mass attracts another by a force directed along a line intersecting both points (F = G frac(m_1 m_2)(r^2)).

These three postulates of gravity will help him measure the trajectories of comets, tides, equinoxes and other phenomena. His arguments crushed the last doubts regarding the heliocentric model and the scientific world accepted the fact that the Earth does not act as the universal center.

Everyone knows that Newton came to his conclusions about gravity thanks to the incident of an apple falling on his head. Many people think that this is just a comic retelling, and the scientist developed the formula gradually. But the entries in Newton’s diary and the retellings of his contemporaries speak in favor of the apple breakthrough.

Shape of the Earth

Isaac Newton believed that our planet Earth formed as an oblate spheroid. Later the guess would be confirmed, but in his time it was important information, who helped translate most scientific world from the Cartesian system to Newtonian mechanics.

In the mathematical field, he generalized the binomial theorem, studied power series, developed his own method for approximating the roots of a function, and divided most curved cubic planes into classes. He also shared his developments with Gottfried Leibniz.

His discoveries were breakthroughs in physics, mathematics and astronomy, helping to understand the structure of space using formulas.

Optics

In 1666, he delved deeper into optics. It all started with studying the properties of light, which he measured through a prism. In 1670-1672. studied the refraction of light, showing how a multi-colored spectrum is rearranged into a single white light using a lens and a second prism.

As a result, Newton realized that color is formed due to the interaction of objects that were originally colored. In addition, I noticed that the lens of any instrument suffers from light scattering (chromatic aberration). He managed to solve the problems using a telescope with a mirror. His invention is considered the first model of a reflecting telescope.

Besides…

He is also credited with formulating the empirical law of cooling and studying the speed of sound. From his suggestion, the term “Newtonian fluid” appeared - a description of any fluid where viscous stresses are linearly proportional to the rate of its transformation.

Newton devoted a large amount of time to researching not only scientific postulates, but also biblical chronology and introduced himself into alchemy. However, many works appeared only after the death of the scientist. So Isaac Newton is remembered not only as a talented physicist, but also as a philosopher.

What do we owe to Isaac Newton? His ideas were breakthrough not only for that time, but also served as starting points for all subsequent scientists. He prepared fertile soil open to new people and inspired them to explore this world. It is not surprising that Isaac Newton had followers who developed his ideas and theories. If you are interested in learning more, the site has a biography of Isaac Newton, which presents the date of birth and death (according to the new and old style), the most important discoveries, and Interesting Facts about the greatest physicist.

Isaac Newton's work was complex - he worked simultaneously in several fields of knowledge. An important stage in Newton's work was his mathematics, which made it possible to improve the calculation system within the framework of others. Newton's important discovery was the fundamental theorem of analysis. It made it possible to prove that differential calculus is the inverse of integral calculus and vice versa. Important role Newton's discovery of the possibility of binomial expansion of numbers also played a role in the development of algebra. Newton’s method of extracting roots from equations also played an important practical role, which greatly simplified such calculations.

Newtonian mechanics

Newton made the most significant discoveries. In fact, he created such a branch of physics as mechanics. He formed 3 axioms of mechanics, called Newton's laws. The first law, otherwise called the law, states that any body will be in a state of rest or motion until any force is applied to it. Newton's second law illuminates the problem of differential motion and says that the acceleration of a body is directly proportional to the resultant forces applied to the body and inversely proportional to the mass of the body. The third law describes the interaction of bodies with each other. Newton formulated it as the fact that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Newton's laws became the basis of classical mechanics.

But Newton's most famous discovery was the law of universal gravitation. He was also able to prove that gravitational forces extend not only to terrestrial forces, but also to celestial bodies. These laws were described in 1687 after Newton's publication on the use of mathematical methods V .

Newton's law of gravitation became the first of numerous theories of gravity that subsequently emerged.

Optics

Newton devoted a lot of time to such a branch of physics as optics. He is as important as the spectral decomposition of colors - with the help of a lens he learned to refract white light into other colors. Thanks to Newton, knowledge in optics was systematized. He created essential device- a reflecting telescope that has improved the quality of observations of.

It should be noted that after Newton's discoveries, optics began to develop very quickly. He was able to generalize such discoveries of his predecessors as diffraction, double refraction of a beam and the speed of light.

When studying Newton's laws at school, some students memorize only their theoretical data and formulas, but are absolutely not interested in how great the man was who made such important discoveries. Newton made a huge contribution to the development of man's ideas about the world around him in the 18th century.

Isaac Newton - famous English mathematician and physicist. The great scientist was born on January 4, 1643. Gregorian calendar(December 25, 1642 - according to the Julian calendar) in small Woolsthorpe in England.

Isaac Newton is famous for creating theoretical basis astronomy and mechanics. His achievements include the invention of the reflecting telescope, the discovery of the law of universal gravitation, and the writing of extremely important research work, as well as the development of integral and differential calculus. True, the last work was done by Newton together with another famous scientist, Leibniz. Isaac Newton is considered the founder of "classical physics".

The great scientist came from a farming family. Little Isaac studied first at Grantham School, then at Trinity College, Cambridge University. After graduation, the future scientist was awarded a bachelor's degree.

The most productive years on the path to great discoveries were the years of seclusion. They fell in the years 1665-1667, when the plague was raging. At this time, Newton was forced to live in Woolsthorpe. It was during this period that the most important research was done. For example, the discovery of the law of universal gravitation.

Isaac Newton was buried in Westminster Abbey. The date of death of the scientist is determined as March 31, 1727 according to the Gregorian calendar (March 20, 1727 - Julian style).

Dr. Richard W. Hamming, in his lecture “You and Your Discoveries,” explained how to make a great discovery. He emphasized that any average person is capable of this. The main thing is to correctly apply the efforts of your mind. Hamming summarized his experience at Bell Labs, where he worked side by side with the great scientists of our time.

Instructions

First you need to throw away all conventions and ask yourself one honest question: “Why don’t I do something significant in my life?” Any person is capable of this. The main thing is intention.

You need to stop believing in luck and believe that a great discovery is the result of hard work. “Fortune favors the prepared mind.” If your mind is prepared, sooner or later you will achieve results and catch your luck. Luck is the result of your efforts.

It takes courage to make a great discovery. The courage to put forward ideas and the courage to defend them. The courage to articulate your thoughts and the courage to question and wonder.

You can only be bold in expressing your thoughts if you believe that you will be able to make a great discovery.

You need to work on small tasks. Small, but important. The tasks must be within your capabilities. As soon as you try to decide right away global problem, you fail. Remember, the mind must be prepared.

A great discovery is often made in working conditions that are generally considered difficult, imperfect, and uncomfortable. The creative process needs boundaries. When you get into difficult conditions work, it is important not to give up. It is important to think how to overcome them. Look for solutions to how a disadvantage can be turned into an advantage.

English physicist Sir Isaac Newton, short biography which is provided here, became famous for his numerous discoveries in the field of physics, mechanics, mathematics, astronomy, and philosophy.

Inspired by the works of Galileo Galilei, Rene Descartes, Kepler, Euclid and Wallis, Newton made many important discoveries, laws and inventions that modern science still relies on.

When and where was Isaac Newton born?

Isaac Newton House

Sir Isaac Newton (Sir Isaac Newton, years of life 1643 - 1727) was born on December 24, 1642 (January 4, 1643 new style) in the country-state of England, Lincolnshire, in the city of Woolsthorpe.

His mother went into labor prematurely and Isaac was born premature. At birth, the boy turned out to be so physically weak that they were afraid to even baptize him: everyone thought that he would die without living even a couple of years.

However, such a “prophecy” did not prevent him from living to old age and becoming a great scientist.

There is an opinion that Newton was Jewish by nationality, but this is not documented. It is known that he belonged to the English aristocracy.

I. Newton's childhood

The boy never saw his father, also named Isaac (Newton Jr. was named after his father - a tribute to memory), - he died before he was born.

The family later had three more children, whom the mother, Anna Ayscough, gave birth to from her second husband. With their appearance, few people were interested in the fate of Isaac: the boy grew up deprived of love, although the family was considered prosperous.

His uncle William on his mother’s side made more efforts in raising and caring for Newton. The boy's childhood can hardly be called happy.

Already at an early age, Isaac showed his talents as a scientist: he spent a lot of time reading books and loved making things.

He was withdrawn and uncommunicative.

Where did Newton study?

In 1655, a 12-year-old boy was sent to school in Grantham. During his training, he lived with a local pharmacist named Clark. IN educational institution

abilities in the field of physics, mathematics, and astronomy appeared, but mother Anna took her son out of school after 4 years.

16-year-old Isaac was supposed to manage the farm, but he didn’t like this arrangement: the young man was more drawn to reading books and inventing.

Thanks to his uncle, schoolmaster Stokes and a teacher from Cambridge University, Isaac was reinstated into the ranks of the school's students to continue his educational activities.

In 1661, the guy entered Trinity College, Cambridge University for free education. In 1664 he passed the exams, which transferred him to the status of a student. From this moment on, the young man continues his studies and receives a scholarship. In 1665 he was forced to quit studying due to the closure of the university for quarantine (plague epidemic).

Around this period he created his first inventions. Afterwards, in 1667, the young man was reinstated as a student and continued to gnaw on the granite of science.

A significant role in Isaac Newton's passion for the exact sciences is played by his mathematics teacher Isaac Barrow.

It is curious that in 1668 the mathematical physicist received the title of master and graduated from the university, and almost immediately began giving lectures to other students.

What did Newton discover?

The scientist’s discoveries are used in educational literature: both in school and university, and in a wide variety of disciplines (mathematics, physics, astronomy).

1. His main ideas were new for that century:
2. His discoveries in mathematics include third-order algebraic curves, binomial expansion, and methods for solving differential equations. Differential and integral calculus were developed almost at the same time as Leibniz, independently of each other.
3. In the field of classical mechanics, he created an axiomatic basis, as well as such a science as dynamics.
4. It is impossible not to mention the three laws, where their name “Newton’s laws” comes from: the first, second and third.
5. The foundation was laid for further research in astronomy, including celestial mechanics.

Philosophical significance of Newton's discoveries

The physicist worked on his discoveries and inventions from both a scientific and religious point of view.

He noted that he wrote his book “Principles” not in order to “belittle the Creator,” but still emphasized his power. The scientist believed that the world was “quite independent.”

He was a supporter of Newtonian philosophy.

Books by Isaac Newton

Newton's published books during his lifetime:

1. "Method of differences".
2. "Enumeration of lines of third order."
3. "Mathematical principles of natural philosophy."
4. "Optics or a treatise on the reflections, refractions, bendings and colors of light."
5. "A New Theory of Light and Colors."
6. "On the quadrature of curves."
7. "Motion of bodies in orbit."
8. "Universal Arithmetic".
9. "Analysis using equations with an infinite number of terms."

1. "Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms" .
2. "The World System".
3. "Method of fluxions ».
4. Lectures on optics.
5. Notes on the book of the prophet Daniel and the Apocalypse of St. John.
6. "Brief Chronicle".
7. "A Historical Tracing of Two Notable Corruptions of Holy Scripture."

Newton's inventions

He began taking his first steps in invention as a child, as mentioned above.

In 1667, all the university teachers were amazed by the telescope he created, which was invented by the future scientist: it was a breakthrough in the field of optics.

In 1705 the Royal Society awarded Isaac a knighthood for his contributions to scientific activity. Now he was called Sir Isaac Newton, he had his own coat of arms and a not very reliable pedigree.

His inventions also include:

1. A water clock powered by the rotation of a wooden block, which in turn vibrates from falling drops of water.
2. A reflector, which was a telescope with a concave lens. The device gave impetus to research into the night sky. It was also used by sailors to navigate the high seas.
3. Windmill.
4. Scooter.

Personal life of Isaac Newton

According to contemporaries, Newton's day began and ended with books: he spent so much time reading them that he often forgot to even eat.

The famous scientist had no personal life at all. Isaac was never married; according to rumors, he even remained a virgin.

When did Sir Isaac Newton die and where is he buried?

Isaac Newton died on March 20 (March 31, 1727 - new style date) in Kensington, UK. Two years before his death, the physicist began to have health problems. He died in his sleep. His grave is in Westminster Abbey.

A few not so popular facts:

1. An apple did not fall on Newton's head - this is a myth invented by Voltaire. But the scientist himself really sat under the tree. Now it is a monument.
2. As a child, Isaac was very lonely, as he was all his life. Having lost her father early, her mother focused entirely on her new marriage and three new children, who were quickly left without a father.
3. At the age of 16, his mother took her son out of school, where he began to show extraordinary abilities at an early age, so that he began managing the farm. School teacher, his uncle and another acquaintance, a member of Cambridge College, insisted on the boy returning to school, from which he successfully graduated and entered the university.
4. According to the recollections of classmates and teachers, Isaac spent most of his time reading books, forgetting to even eat and sleep - this was the life he most desired.
5. Isaac was the keeper of the British Mint.
6. After the death of the scientist, his autobiography was released.

Conclusion

Sir Isaac Newton's contribution to science is truly enormous, and it is quite difficult to underestimate his contribution. His discoveries to this day are the foundations of modern science as a whole, and his laws are studied in school and other educational institutions.