Group g 20. G20. Annual G20 Summits
Many have heard of. It unites 20 key economic systems of the planet located on different continents. This article will discuss the history of this association, its goals and objectives, as well as the relationship between Russia and other participants in this forum.
1999 is considered to be the year of the formation of the G20. Since 2008, the organization has regularly held meetings of its members. The penultimate Brisbane summit aroused especially great interest among the world community. The big twenty on it I tried to solve several major problems.
G20: the beginning
The Big Twenty (or G20 for short) advocates international association global scale... The largest economies of the planet take part in it.
Few people know that the original composition The big twenty included not 20 states, but 33! However, a year later, in 1999, the number of forum participants dropped to the usual twenty today. Whether it will remain so in future years is not known to anyone.
The economic crisis of 1998, which covered the entire East Asia... And the consequences of this crisis were felt by almost the entire planet. However, he helped the leading players in the world understand the need to create such global power, which could prevent similar economic crises in the future. And such an organization was established - the G20 became it.
G20: goals and objectives
Constant, sustainable growth of the planetary economy is the main tenet and the main goal of this organization. Moreover, this stable increase should affect all countries of the world without exception.
Within the framework of the G20 structure, its members are trying to find adequate solutions to a whole range of pressing problems:
- What is the best way to stabilize the growth of the world economy.
- How to properly develop financial and social infrastructure.
- How to provide for poor states.
- How can many local and
- How to "save" the ecology of our planet, etc.
The G20 countries are also spending a lot of effort and energy on finding ways to solve the problem of corruption. They are also involved in the implementation of many climate programs.
Of course, the work of the G20 is not complete without a portion of criticism. Most often, the organization is accused of insufficient transparency of activities, as well as too few forum participants who have undertaken to solve such important global problems.
G20: list of countries
The G20 International Forum is:
- 58% of the world area;
- about 60% of the total population of the Earth;
- 85% of all world trade.
Listed below are all the G20 countries (which are currently members of the association):
- Canada.
- Mexico.
- Brazil.
- Argentina.
- Great Britain.
- France.
- Italy.
- Germany.
- Russia.
- Turkey.
- Saudi Arabia.
- China.
- India.
- Japan.
- South Korea.
- Indonesia.
- Australia.
You can see the localization of all the above countries on the world map below. It can be concluded that members of the G20 are present on all continents of the planet, except for Antarctica.
But who is missing from this G20 list? The 20th member of the forum is considered as an organization. In addition, the G20 summits are often attended by representatives of the IMF, World and European Central Banks. That's what it is full composition Big twenty.
G20 Summits
The main form of the G20's activity is the summit. The G20 meets annually for such meetings. Each year, a new host country is chosen to host the next summit. It also houses the secretariat of the organization.
As a rule, such meetings are attended by heads of state (presidents and prime ministers), as well as ministers of individual departments. The first G20 summit was held in 2008 in the US capital and was called anti-crisis. Obviously, it discussed ways out of the global financial years.
The G20 holds their summits approximately once a year (only in 2009 and 2010 there were two). Most often, meetings take place in the fall: in September or November. Perhaps the biggest interest in the entire history of the G20 was the 2014 Brisbane Summit. It will be discussed further.
One should not think that all the work of the forum is reduced only to the organization and holding of annual meetings. At the next summit, a certain action plan is discussed and approved, the implementation of which then continues in the work of various groups and specialized divisions.
G20 and Russian Federation
The issue of relations in the G20 - Russia system in last years is of particular interest to the world community.
As you know, in 2014, Russia's membership in the G8 group was suspended. As a result, it ceased to exist and returned to its original format - the G7 group.
Soon, rumors spread around the world that Russia was going to be expelled from the G20 as well. To this most of all, Australia was predisposed, which on the eve was supposed to host the next summit in Brisbane. The government of this country accused Russia of being directly involved in the shot down passenger aircraft Boeing-MN 17 in the skies over Eastern Ukraine.
However, after lengthy discussions between the forum participants, the Russian delegation was nevertheless invited to the summit in the Australian city of Brisbane. The main message of this decision was as follows: the exclusion of Russia from the G20 will further sharpen the already difficult geopolitical situation in modern world.
G20 Australia (Brisbane Summit)
The so-called Australian G20 Summit (2014) was held in Brisbane, the millionth city on east coast country. The heads of state traditionally gathered for the annual meeting of the forum, which lasted two days: November 15 and 16.
The main topic for discussion was the military conflict in Eastern Ukraine, which began in the spring of the same year. In addition, countries have devoted Special attention and the perennial problem of corruption. In addition to the heads of 19 states, the summit was also attended by Herman Van Rompuy, President of the European Council. The meeting in Australia ended with the approval of a joint action plan.
Main premises and results of the G20 summit in Brisbane
The 2014 Brisbane Summit took place against the backdrop of increasing general geopolitical instability on the planet. So, among the main topics of the meeting, the following were raised:
- continuation civil war in Syria and the formation of ISIS - a new terrorist threat for the whole world;
- a new round of escalation of the Arab-Israeli conflict;
- active hostilities in Donbass and possible ways to resolve the conflict;
- stagnation of the German and Italian economies, on which the stability of everything largely depends
In addition, the Brisbane summit also discussed the problem of the global fall in the price of "black gold", and also looked again for ways to stop the spread of Ebola.
What was the conclusion of the participants in this summit? The main thing that it was decided to devote all the forces of the G20 to in the coming year is the issue of world security. In addition, the G20 states have set a global goal for themselves: to increase world GDP by 2% (until 2018). For this " strongest of the world this "planned to strengthen international competition and increase the volume of allocated investment in economic projects.
G20 Summit in Antalya
The latest G20 summit was held in Antalya, Turkey. The meeting of world leaders took place against the backdrop of the Paris attacks, which, of course, were immediately condemned. Obviously, the main topic of the Turkish summit was international terrorism.
Jean-Claude Juncker raised another sensitive topic at this meeting - the problem of refugees from zones of military conflicts. The summit highlighted the huge contribution of Turkey and Russia in the fight against the terrorist organization ISIS. The participants in the meeting did not pass by the issue of global economic growth, which is traditional for the G20.
As you know, the next G20 summit is scheduled to be held in China.
Conclusion
The G20 International Forum was created in 1999 with the aim of a joint search for solutions for many global problems modern world... In the beginning, these were the usual meetings of individual ministers. But over time, the G-20 began to hold major summits, to which the heads of the leading states of our planet were invited.
Today, the G20 includes 19 countries, as well as one organization - the European Union. The last G20 summit was held in Antalya in November 2015.
Opens Friday in Hamburg, Germany.
Below is some background information.
G20 - Leading Forum international cooperation on the most important aspects of the international economic and financial agenda.
The main goals and objectives of the forum:
Coordination of policies between the members of the G20 in order to achieve global economic stability and sustainable growth;
Promotion of financial regulation that would mitigate risks and prevent future financial crises;
Creation of a new international financial architecture.
The decision to formally establish the G20 was taken at a September 1999 meeting of finance ministers and central bank governors of the seven leading industrialized economies (UK, Italy, Canada, USA, Germany, France and Japan) in Washington DC. The founding conference took place on December 15-16, 1999 in Berlin.
The precondition for the creation of the G20 was the financial crisis of 1997-1998, which demonstrated the vulnerability of the international financial system in the context of globalization of economic relations, and showed that key developing economies are not sufficiently involved in the discussion and management of the global economy. Annual meetings at the level of finance ministers and heads of central banks became the main format of the forum.
In November 2008, it was decided to change the format of the G20 meetings and hold meetings also at the level of leaders (heads of state and government), after which the forum acquired its modern significance.
Currently, 19 countries have permanent membership in the G20 and European Union(EU). The G20 includes Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Great Britain, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Canada, China, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, USA, Turkey, France, South Africa, South Korea, Japan and Russia.
Traditionally, the G20 leaders' summits are attended by its permanent members, five invited countries and international organizations.
The European Union is represented by the President of the European Commission and the President of the European Council.
The summits are held in the country that is acting as the chairman of the group.
The presiding country changes annually according to the principle of rotation and alternation of regions. In 2015, Turkey chaired, in 2016 the summit was held in China, and in 2017 the G20 is hosted by Germany. In 2018, the summit will be held in Argentina.
Three successive chairmanships (past, current and future G20 chair) are tacitly united into a governing Troika, whose joint work ensures consistency and continuity in the work of the G20, enhancing the legitimacy and transparency of decision-making at meetings.
Currently, the troika includes China (host in 2016), Germany (chairmanship in 2017) and Argentina (chairmanship in 2018).
The very process of chairmanship consists in consistent preparation, development of draft documents to be adopted and coordination with partners of decisions in the field of development of the world economy and monetary and financial architecture. Questions are raised that are significant both for the chairmanship and for the priorities of other G20 partners.
Preparations for the annual summit are being conducted by the highest officials, called Sherpas, who represent the leaders of the G20 countries.
Since November 2010, the G20 leaders have decided to meet no more than once a year.
In 2016, the G20 Summit on Building an Innovative, Healthy, Interconnected and Inclusive World Economy was held on September 4-5 in Hangzhou, China.
The G20 is the leading forum for international cooperation on the most important aspects of the international economic and financial agenda. The main goals and objectives of the forum:
1. Coordination of policies between the members of the G20 in order to achieve global economic stability and sustainable growth;
2. Promotion of financial regulation that would reduce risks and prevent future financial crises;
3. Creation of a new international financial architecture.
The Group of Twenty consists of 19 countries: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Great Britain, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Canada, China, Mexico, Turkey, Russia, Saudi Arabia, USA, France, South Africa, Republic of Korea, Japan and the European Union.
The decision to formally establish the G20 was taken at a September 1999 meeting of finance ministers and central bankers of the seven leading industrialized economies (UK, Italy, Canada, USA, Germany, France and Japan) in Washington DC. The prerequisite was the financial crisis of 1997-1998, which demonstrated the vulnerability of the international financial system in the context of the globalization of economic relations, and showed that key developing economies are not sufficiently involved in the discussion and management of the global economy.
Annual meetings at the level of finance ministers and heads of central banks became the main format of the forum. After the founding conference, which took place on December 15-16, 1999 in Berlin, similar meetings were held in the following countries:
In November 2008, it was decided to change the format of the G20 meetings and hold meetings also at the level of leaders (heads of state and government), after which the forum acquired its modern significance.
In total, seven meetings of the G20 leaders took place:
The G20 members account for:
1.90% of world GDP;
2. 80% of world trade;
3. 2/3 of the world's population;
4. 84% of emissions to the atmosphere from the combustion of fossil fuels.
More detailed information about economic performance the G20 countries can be found at: http://www.principalglobalindicators.org
At their first meeting in Washington, the G20 leaders discussed the causes of the global economic and financial crisis and agreed to implement an action plan on three main points:
Restoring global economic growth;
- strengthening the international financial system;
- reforming international financial institutions.
It was decided to hold summits in the country, which plays the role of the chairman. The presiding country changes annually according to the principle of rotation and alternation of regions.
The G20 does not have its own secretariat. The interim secretariat is located in the presiding country and works during the term of the chairmanship. Three successive chairmanships are tacitly united into a governing Troika, whose joint work ensures consistency and continuity in the work of the G20, enhancing the legitimacy and transparency of decision-making at meetings.
The very process of chairmanship consists in the consistent preparation, development of draft documents to be adopted and coordination with partners of decisions in the development of the world economy and monetary and financial architecture. Questions are raised that are significant both for the chairmanship and for the priorities of other G20 partners.
In addition to the meeting of leaders, which is the final stage of the chairmanship, work on all issues is carried out throughout the year. The main events are divided into two tracks (tracks): the sherpa track and the financial track. In 2009, at the third G20 summit in Pittsburgh, a decision was made to formalize this format. Since November 2010, the G20 leaders have decided to meet no more than once a year.
The Russian Federation has participated in all G20 summits since its inception and has proposed issues for discussion that have invariably been reflected in the final declarations of the summits. Among the most important topics proposed by Russia are the reform of international financial institutions, the approval of standards for regulation and supervision in the financial sector and the limitation of the level of public debt of the forum participants. Russia is one of the most large economies"Group of twenty" and plays important role in the formation of the agenda. From December 1, 2012 to November 30, 2013, the Russian Federation is the chairman of the G20.
At the beginning of September in Chinese city Hangzhou will host the G20 (G20 or G20) summit.
What is this format, who participates in it, why it was created and how it functions - in the TASS material.
What is the G20?
- The G20 represents informal association the largest economically developed and developing countries.
- The decisions of the Group, which are taken by consensus, do not have binding force and are subject to approval by the IMF, World Bank and other financial and economic organizations.
- The G20 countries, where two-thirds of the world's population live, account for 85% of world GDP and 75% of world trade.
How and why was the G20 created?
- The G20 was created in response to the outbreak in Asia in 1997-1998. financial crisis that had negative consequences for the global economy.
- One of the important goals of the G20 at the time of its creation was to involve large developing countries in the process of working out economic solutions to emerging challenges at the global level.
- The founding conference of the G20 was held on December 15-16, 1999 in Berlin on the initiative of the finance ministers of the leading industrial developed countries("Group of Eight") - the USA, Canada, Great Britain, Germany, France, Italy and Japan (Russia, which was a member of the G8 in 1997-2014, did not participate in the meetings of the heads of the Ministry of Finance).
What are the goals of the G20 today?
- Now the Group's activities are aimed at achieving global economic stability, creating conditions for sustainable growth and reducing the risks of financial crises, as well as reforming the global financial architecture.
Who is the Group?
- Canada
- United Kingdom
- France
- Italy
- Japan
- Australia
- Argentina
- Brazil
- India
- Indonesia
- China
- South Korea
- Mexico
- Russia
- Saudi Arabia
- Turkey
- European Union
How is the G20 chairmanship organized?
- The selection of the chair country is organized on a rotating basis.
- At the same time, the continent represented by the G20 chairman should also change every year. Thus, South Korea chaired in 2010, France in 2011, Mexico in 2012, Russia in 2013, Australia in 2014, and Turkey in 2015.
- Since January 1, 2016, China has chaired (2017 - Germany).
- The chairmanship determines the main directions of the G20's activities for the coming year.
- The coordinating bodies are the interim secretariat (located in the presiding country) and the "leading troika" - the former, current and future chairmen.
How is the G20 organized?
- At first, the main form of the Group's activity was the annual conferences at the level of finance ministers and heads of central banks, which were held in different countries"twenty".
- After 2008, when the Group held its first meeting at the level of Heads of State and Government, the format of the meetings was changed - the annual summits became the main event (they are prepared by the Sherpas - representatives of the leaders of the member countries).
- The finance ministers meet several times a year, and meetings of the heads of other ministries are also organized.
How else does the G20 interact?
- Within the framework of the "twenty", interaction with non-state structures is carried out. So, since 2008, meetings of representatives of civil society("Civil Twenty", Civil-20), since 2009 - meetings of business circles ("Business Twenty", Buisiness-20), since 2010 - meetings of the "Youth 20" (Youth-20) and chairmen of parliaments, with 2011 - representatives of trade unions (Labor-20), since 2012 - conferences of research centers (Think-20).
- In addition, within the G20 there are working groups to support employment, to reform world agricultural markets and the global financial system, to combat corruption, as well as a Rapid Response Forum to discuss world food prices.
Who else is attending the G20 meetings?
- Permanent participants in key G20 meetings are the leaders of the UN, the IMF, The World Bank, OECD, WTO, ILO, Financial Stability Council.
- In addition, the so-called guest countries are involved in the work of the Group, which are invited by the chairman for one year.
What solutions have been achieved thanks to the G20 format?
- Among the main results of the G20's activities is reaching agreement on a fundamental reform of the world financial system.
- In particular, with the support of the Group, the process of dismantling the "tax haven" system has begun around the world, many countries have tightened their laws on bank secrecy and entered into bilateral agreements on the exchange of information in the field of taxes.
- Also, decisions were made to increase the IMF's resources and to provide assistance to countries affected by the crisis, to regulate bonus payments to top managers of companies and banks, and to tighten control over financial markets.
The next international summit G20-2018 will be the 13th event of this kind. Traditionally, it will bring together the leaders of the G20 countries. The meeting of the heads of state will be held for the first time on the territory of South America, in particular, in the capital of Argentina Buenos Aires.
Note that as a result of the Hamburg forum, it was determined not only where the G20 summit will take place in the upcoming 2018, but also where it will take place in one and two years. So, in 2019, Japan will be the host for the first time, followed by Saudi Arabia.
Until now, the time of the G20 summit in 2018 has not been set. It is supposed to take place over two days in May or June. At the same time, last year in Germany, the date of the leaders' congress was set for another month - July, namely on the 7th and 8th.
The heads of the following powers and regions will meet in Buenos Aires:
- Australia.
- Russia.
- Brazil.
- Canada.
- China.
- South Africa.
- Mexico.
- Japan.
- Italy.
- Indonesia.
- India.
- Saudi Arabia.
- South Korea.
- United Kingdom.
- Turkey.
- France.
- Germany.
- Argentina.
- The European Union, from which two will speak - the President of the European Commission and the President of the European Union.
If the location of the G20 summit in 2018 has already been decided, then who will go to the congress from Russian Federation, still remains a mystery. The fact is that Russia will be represented at the meeting by the president, who will take place only in March of the coming year.
Urgent problems
On this moment It is known that Presidents Donald Trump and Vladimir Putin have already met with each other within the framework of the Argentine summit. Their conversation lasted more than two hours.
The leader of Russia said that he spoke with the head of the United States:
- about what is happening in Syria and Ukraine;
- about cybersecurity;
- on the fight against terrorists.
The parties, which quickly came to a consensus, settled the Syrian issue and agreed on a ceasefire in the country. However, the rest of the problems still remain open. They will be put forward for discussion by the G20 in 2018.
In addition, at the next summit, Russia intends to introduce the idea of creating an association of aluminum producers, which will also include India, China and the Gulf states. At a recent meeting in July, Minister of Industry and Trade Denis Manturov has already managed to agree on the creation of an association with colleagues from Arab countries.
The issue of sanctions also remains acute. Last year, the leaders of the powers failed to agree on the lifting of trade restrictions. The presidents only indirectly discussed this mechanism of economic pressure, but such a superficial resolution of the problem did not suit Russian representatives, in particular, Minister of Finance Anton Siluanov, Minister economic development Maxim Oreshkin and many others. In the coming year, ambassadors from Russia intend to raise the topic of protectionist policies that negatively affect global economic growth.
The climate session for the G20-2017 was also not crowned with success. Due to the views of Donald Trump, who believes global warming hoax, the United States left the environmental association altogether. Therefore, countries will have to return to the conversation about emissions to the atmosphere. greenhouse gases and effectively regulate the compensatory policy associated with the withdrawal from the agreement of one of the largest emitters of water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane and ozone.
On the essence of the summits
The G20 is an organization that unites the major economic systems of the planet. 1999 is considered the year of its foundation. From the beginning of its foundation to the present day, the key goal of the G20 has been to ensure sustainable growth of the planetary economy. In order to achieve the implementation of this large-scale task, the congresses decided whole complex local topical problems. The search for adequate ways still belongs to them today:
- to stabilize the world economy;
- for the development of social and financial infrastructure;
- to resolve regional conflicts;
- to ensure food security in poor countries;
- to preserve the ecology of the Earth.
So, at last year's summit in German city In Hamburg, Angela Merkel formulated the following 3 key tasks - these are:
- Increasing the resilience of the countries of the world to various kinds of problems.
- Assertion of development stability.
- Taking responsibility for decisions and actions.
As a reminder, since 2008 the G20 meetings have been held on a regular annual basis.
Video from the G20 summit in 2017: Angela Merkel welcomes Vladimir Putin: