So what did the Ladny patrol ship shoot? Patrol ship "striking" Patrol ships skr

Enemy crossing by sea and when parking in open roads.

Patrol ships are also recruited to carry out patrol service on the approaches to their naval bases, ports and to guard the maritime border.

Short name - TFR... Also in the literature it can be called - Patrol ship, Anti-submarine defense ship.

History

As an independent class, anti-submarine defense ships were introduced in the First World War due to the fact that submarines, which were originally supposed to be used for limited purposes near bases, showed their high tactical qualities and combat effectiveness from the first days of the war. For the first time, there was an urgent need for smaller and less expensive, in comparison with destroyers, ships capable of withstanding an underwater enemy. A special ship was required, capable of searching for submarines, escorting transport ships, and carrying out patrol service near naval bases. These tasks could be successfully solved by destroyers, but they were clearly lacking in quantity. Possessing significant firepower, the destroyers were recruited mainly for other combat missions, the sector of which had expanded enormously.

In October 1917, a few days before the October Revolution, a new class, the Sentry Ship, was officially included in the classification of the Russian fleet for the first time. However, the rapidly developing political events that led to the independence of Finland were the reason that the first 12 units of the TFR (type "Dove" and type "Vodorez", built in Finnish shipyards, never entered the Russian fleet. some of these ships were launched.

In the mid-1930s, a new subclass of patrol ships was introduced for the USSR naval border forces - the Border Patrol Ship (PSKR) or Small Patrol Ship.

For the anti-submarine defense of the bases of the USSR Navy, the "Rubin" type PSKR (Project 43) was designed and built, somewhat smaller in comparison with the "Uragan" type, with a diesel power plant (displacement about 500 tons, speed 15 knots; armament: 1 × 102- mm; 2 × 37-mm anti-aircraft machine guns; anti-submarine weapons). One-type TFR "Brilliant": founded in 1934; built and commissioned in 1937; displacement 580 t; dimensions: 62 × 7.2 × 2.6 m; 2200 hp; maximum speed - 17.2 knots; cruising range (economic speed) - 3500 miles; armament: 1 × 102 mm, 2 × 45 mm, 1 × 37 mm, 2 × 12.7 mm, 2 bombers; up to 31 mines, crew - 61 people.

In 1935, to ensure the maritime border guard of the NKVD of the USSR in the Far Eastern Border District, the Kirov-type TFR (Project 19) was put into operation. Only two ships of this type by Soviet order were built in Italy (laid down and launched in 1934; normal displacement - 1025 tons; dimensions: 80 × 8.3 × 3.75 m; power plant - 4500 hp; speed - 18.5 knots; cruising range - 6000 miles; armament: 3 × 102 mm, 4 × 45 mm, 3 × 12.7 mm, 3 × 7.62 mm, 24 mines, depth charges (10 large and 35 small), in progress service, weapons were modernized.

In 1937, for service in the Arctic latitudes in the USSR, the Purga-type PSKR (Project 52), an icebreaker-type hull, was designed. The lead ship was laid down at the Leningrad shipyard "Sudomekh" on December 17, 1938, launched on April 24, 1941.

On the eve of World War II, the British Navy introduced new classes of escort ships: "Escort destroyer", "Fregat" and "Corvette", which, significantly differing in their tactical and technical elements (TTE), had a common main purpose. Therefore, in the classification system of the USSR Navy, these ships were conditionally assigned to the TFR class, designed to escort convoys in coastal waters, anti-aircraft and anti-submarine defense.

During the Second World War, "patrols" were in the composition of all fleets. Their combat activity was most clearly manifested in the Arctic, where, in addition to the "real" TFR, mobilized fishing trawlers (RT), icebreakers and ships of other civilian departments, on which light weapons were installed, were actively used. In addition, the number of the TFR was replenished with border ships (PSK).

The Second World War confirmed the value of the TFR as part of the fleets. These ships from the first to the last day carried out combat service: hunting and destroying submarines; setting of mines; landing of troops; delivery of food, ammunition, fuel to besieged cities, evacuation of the wounded and civilians, raids on the nearest enemy communications, escorting transport ships.

After World War II, in the fleets of a number of states, warships, which from the standpoint of the Soviet classification are similar to the TFR class, are actually classified either as an "Escort destroyer" or as a "Frigate" or "Corvette", depending on individual characteristics. A corvette is usually of a smaller displacement and less expensive to build. These ships are quite numerous. In the early 1970s, the US Navy had 63 ships similar to the TFR, and another 124 were in reserve. In England, their number was 65 units, in France - 28 units.

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Now we have all of themfive . (at one time there were more30 ), and so it will beat least a year - until they start joiningthe first "Admirals" were commissioned. A handful of patrolmen left after the collapse of the USSR Navy served gloriously (and continueddeserves to serve) the Motherland and deserves the greatest respect, which is a manifestation of this publication. Information about the TFR Black Sea Fleet as of 21.01 p. received by me from a source who wished to remain anonymous, nearwhom to the Black Sea Fleet, for which I once again express my gratitude to him.

TFR "Fearless" (photo from the newspaper "Guard of the Baltic" from yaostrov.ru)

1. TFR " Intrepid " Project 11540, b / n 712 ( Bf )

The ship returned to Baltiysk from 7 months of combat service (212 days)17.10.2013 and immediately disappeared from the media. The firstinformation that the TFR is under repair appeared on one of the forums on November 28, after which it was also indicated therethe scene is Kaliningrad. Official explanations from the press service of the Ministry of Defense followed only two months later.(01.24.2014), then the local news portal "Amber Island" was connected. As a result, the following picture emerged.

"At present, the ship is under repair at the berth of the Yantar Baltic shipbuilding plant forrestoration of technical readiness. The ship will be replaced by afterburner engines, auxiliary dieselgenerators. Representatives of the plant will carry out medium repairs of all major systems: drainage, fire-prevention, fuel,electrical, as well as automation and control systems "( link 1).

"The New Year 2014, as well as the day of the ship (01.24 - A.Sh.) The Neustrashimy TFR met at the quay wall of the Yantar Shipyard ...At the moment, preparations are underway on the patrol ship for major repairs ... It is planned to replace some of the weapon systems. Repairs of similar volume on the "Neustrashim" have not been carried out since the moment of its construction ...All work is planned to be completed. in August 2015 . . Two months later . the ship must begin to fulfill the tasks assigned by the command of the Baltic Fleet "(Ref. 2).

2. TFR " Yaroslav the Wise " Project 11540, b / n 727 ( Bf )

The youngest Russian warship of the far sea (and ocean) zone - entered service a little over4.5 years ago (19.07.2009). From the last (extreme) military service, which lasted 6.5 months (199 days) returned05.07.2013 and showingOn July 28 at the Navy Day parade in Baltiysk, as well as "Fearless", it disappeared from prying eyes for a long time. Foura month later (November 22), he unofficially appeared in the media, becoming the object of an excursion of students of the Baltic Shipbuilding College to the Yantar Shipyard (link 3). Later, the information that the TFR was being repaired was confirmed on the forums, anda week ago from the publication of the same "Amber Island" it became known that "at the present time" Yaroslav the Wise "is preparing for the delivery of coursework and going to sea" (ref. 4).

ICR "Yaroslav the Wise" at the repair (outfitting) embankment of the PSZ "Yantar" (photo by Eduard Molchanov, ITAR-TASS)

4. TFR " Inquisitive " Project 1135M, b / n 808 ( Black Sea Fleet )

One of the two remaining in the ranks of the once numerous TFR pr. 1135 (built 32 units). Age -32 years (11/30/1981). In January 2013, a tender was announced on the Rosoboronpostavka website for the repair of both 1135s in terms of technical condition with a maximum contract price of 500 million rubles. for each and the deadline for the execution of the order in November of the same year. Moreover, it is known thatOn 05.09, the TFR was not yet delivered to the plant, and on 30.12 it was already released from there.

Anonymous source: "TFR" Pytlivy "has not been completely repaired, only brought to the state of a safe exit to the sea.At the moment, finishing work and preparations for a long voyage are underway on the ship (obviously, this meant a successful exiton alert 05-25.02 in order to ensure the safety of the Sochi Olympics). Both he and "Ladny" experiencebig problems with the power plant (giving the most complete is impossible in principle) due to heavy wear and a lack of spare parts. "

TFR "Pytlivy" after renovation, Sevastopol, 04.01.2014 (photo by Erne from forums.airbase.ru)

3. TFR " Okay " Project 1135, b / n 801 ( Black Sea Fleet )

Unlike "Pytlivy", it belongs to the basic modification with two two-gun 76-mm AK-726 gun mounts. Age -33 years (12/29/1980). It is known that on 26.06 the TFR was under repair, which, however, is far from complete. A source: "SKR" Ladny "will be under repair until the end of this year. Autumn (October-November) is an optimistic period that is hard to believe.In fact, bringing both Black Sea "Petrels" into a seaworthy state at the same time (code pr. 1135 - A.Sh.)almost unrealistic. "

SKR "Ladny" ("not in the factory, but under repair"), Sevastopol, Ugolnaya pier, 10/14/2013 (photo by Peter Sh from forums.airbase.ru)

5. TFR " Sharp-witted " Project 61/01090, b / n 810 ( Black Sea Fleet )

The oldest warship of the Russian Navy - belongs tothe first (! ) BNK generation, age -44 years old (25.09.1969). 08.02 returned to Sevastopol after 5 months (149 days) BS in the Mediterranean.

A source: "SKR" Sharp-eyed "hull and power plant in excellent (for their age) condition. No problems that would requirethere is no factory repair on the ship at the moment, the last few years everything has been corrected by the crew." Self-repairing ship "(c). Expected service life - up to 2017" (end of quotation). There is information that two broadcasts are planned for the current year (Pytlivy808, forums.airbase.ru).

Return of TFR "Smetlivy" to Sevastopol after BS in the Mediterranean, 02/08/2013 (photo by Erne from forums.airbase.ru)

TTD:
Displacement: 3200 t.
Dimensions: length - 123 m, width - 14.2 m, draft - 4.28 m.
Maximum travel speed: 32.2 knots.
Cruising range: 5000 miles at 14 knots.
Power plant: 2 gas turbines with 18,000 hp each (afterburner, sustainer - 6000 hp each), 2 fixed-pitch propellers
Armament: URPK-5 "Bell" (4 launchers), 2x2 76.2-mm gun mounts AK-726, 2x2 launchers for the Osa-MA-2 air defense missile system (40 9M-33 missiles), 2x4 533-mm torpedo tubes, 2x12 rocket launcher RBU-6000
Crew: 197 people.

Ship history:
Patrol ship pr.1135

The first patrol ship in the series, Project 1135, entered the Russian Navy in December 1970. The new ship had better seaworthiness than its predecessors. He had three times the displacement, the armament was also more powerful, which gave him a higher combat stability when operating in the sea zone.

Project 1135 "Burevestnik" appeared as if at the crossroads of two directions in the evolution of anti-submarine ships of our fleet - small (projects 159 and 35) and large (project 61). At that time, the Soviet Navy was entering the world ocean, and its main task was considered to be the fight against nuclear submarines of a potential enemy. It was then that the first anti-submarine ships of the ocean zone were created - helicopter carrier cruisers, rank 1 BOD and rank 2 BOD. But their high cost forced the leadership of the fleet to supplement the arsenal of anti-submarine forces with smaller displacement and less expensive ships of the near zone, capable of operating in remote areas of the ocean.

Initially, the development of the future ship was entrusted to the Zelenodolsk Design Bureau (at that time - TsKB-340). Meanwhile, the industry began to develop new means of anti-submarine warfare - the Metel missile-torpedo complex and the Vega and Titan hydroacoustic stations, which were quite advanced for their time. The combination of a sub-keel and a towed GAS promised to increase the detection range of submarines by three times and to keep stable contact with an underwater target at distances of up to 100 kbt. All this brought the future patrol ship to a qualitatively new level, but at the same time entailed a significant increase in displacement. And since TsKB-340 traditionally specialized in the creation of small combat ships, the development of the project was transferred to Leningrad, to TsKB-53 (later Severnoye PKB). The chief designer was N.P. Sobolev, the main observer from the Navy - I.M. Stetsyura. General management was carried out by the head of TsKB-53 V.E. Yukhnin.

The tactical and technical assignment (TTZ) for the development of Project 1135 was issued by the Navy in 1964. The main purpose of the patrol ship is "long-term patrolling with the aim of finding and destroying enemy submarines and guarding ships and vessels at sea crossing." Initially, the TTZ provided for the following armament: one PLRK, one five-tube 533-mm TA for anti-submarine torpedoes, two RBU-6000, one Osa air defense system and two twin 76-mm artillery mounts. GAS "Titan" was supposed to be the main means of detecting submarines. The displacement was limited to 2100 tons, but after the final approval as a PLRK complex "Metel" it had to be increased to 3200 tons. This, in turn, made it possible to place two TA and two SAM "Osa", as well as supplement the hydroacoustic means of the towed GAS " Vega". In addition, already at the design stage, the possibility of replacing 76-mm artillery with 100-mm was stipulated.

For the first time on ships of this class, it was supposed to place an automated combat information post (BIP), a prototype of future combat information and control systems (CIUS); on the lead ship even a staff of a computer officer was opened. On the whole, the ship, both in size and in terms of capabilities, has outgrown its "classmates" so much that it was reclassified into a BOD at the design stage. The ships of Project 1135 were returned to the SKR class again only in June 1977.

According to the architecture, the hull of the project 1135 ship was distinguished by an elongated forecastle, rounded contours, a clipper stem, a large collapse of the frames in the bow, a flat low stern and a construction trim on the bow. The set of the case is mixed, the ratio of length to width is 8.6. A characteristic feature of the contours is the small angles of the waterline sharpening. The body is made of MK-35 steel; 13 steel bulkheads divide it into 14 watertight compartments. According to calculations, the ship should have remained afloat when three adjacent or five non-adjacent compartments were flooded. Deck superstructures and internal bulkheads of the premises are made of aluminum-magnesium alloy AMG-61.

Service and living quarters are located on the main deck under the forecastle. Here are the cabins of officers and warrant officers, a galley and a sailor's mess. On the main deck there is a through corridor from the poop to the bow, bifurcating around the mines of the air defense missile system. In the aft part there is a BUGAS "Vega" room with an original POUKB-1 lifting and lowering device. This development of the Zelenodolsk Design Bureau provides opening and closing of the transom cover, immersion in water, towing, lifting and installation of at least 9 knots of the body of the towed GAS on the move while the ship is in motion.

The diameter of the ship's circulation is 4.3 kbt in 130 s at a speed of 32 knots. Yaw - no more than 2 °. Inertia from full speed to stop - 1940 m in 524 s. The initial transverse metacentric height is 1.4 m. The highest heeling moment is 85 °, the buoyancy margin is 6450 t. The sunset angle of the static stability diagram is 80 °.

The seaworthiness of the "eleven-thirty-fifth" is highly commendable. The ship is well on the wave; there is practically no flooding and splashing at all speeds. Slight splashing of the aft deck is observed only at speeds of more than 24 knots and on circulation at a course angle of 90 ° to the wave. Seaworthiness ensures the use of all types of weapons at all speeds in a sea state up to four points without roll stabilizers and more than five points with their inclusion.

The SKR gas turbine power plant of project 1135 includes two M7K units, each of which consists of one DO63 main gas turbine and one DK59 afterburner. Propulsion engines with a capacity of 6,000 hp. mounted on suspended platforms. Afterburners with a capacity of 18,000 hp. connected to shaft lines through tire-pneumatic couplings. All turbines have gas reverse. An innovation was the marching gear attachment, which allows working on both shafts for both the marching engines and for each engine separately. This improved the efficiency of the power plant by 25%.

The time for starting turbines from a cold state is no more than three minutes. The total fuel supply is 450-550 tons, the fuel consumption per mile on the technical and economic course (14 knots) is 100 kg, on the operational and economic (17 knots) - 143 kg, at full (32.2 knots) - 390 kg. On average, the daily fuel consumption in the campaign is about 25 tons. The cruising range at full speed is 1290 miles, operational and economic - 3550 miles, technical and economic - 5000 miles.

Propellers - four-bladed, low-noise, variable pitch, with a fairing. The weight of each is 7650 kg, the diameter is 3.5 m. The number of revolutions of the propeller shaft is 320 rpm.

When designing, special attention was paid to reducing the physical fields of the ship and the level of interference with the operation of the GAS. Two-stage amortization of the main mechanisms, vibration-damping coatings were applied, the "Velena" bubble cloud system was installed. As a result, the TFR project 1135 had a very low acoustic field level for its time and were the quietest surface ships of the Soviet Navy.

The main weapon of the TFR project 1135 is the URPK-4 Metel anti-submarine guided missile system with the Monsoon autonomous control system. The complex consists of a solid-propellant remote-controlled missile 85R with a warhead - a homing anti-submarine torpedo, launchers, a ship guidance system and prelaunch automation.

The KT-106 launchers have four containers and are guided in a horizontal plane, which allows an attack to be carried out without additional maneuvering. The URPK-4 is fired with two-rocket salvos or single rocket torpedoes supplied by its own GAS and external target designation sources - ships, helicopters or sonar buoys at ranges from 6 to 50 km. The control system allows you to correct the trajectory of the missile flight depending on the change in the current acoustic bearing to the target.

The AT-2UM homing torpedo is used as a warhead for the 85R missile. At the command of the ship's control system, the torpedo at the calculated point of the submarine is separated from the rocket and splashed down on a parachute, then deepens, conducts a circular search by the homing system and strikes the target. The immersion depth of the AT-2UM torpedo is 400 m. The speed in the search mode is 23 knots, in the guidance mode - 40 knots. The cruising range is 8 km. The response radius of the active-passive torpedo homing system is 1000 m, the mass of the explosive charge is 100 kg.

A further development of the URPK-4 was the URPK-5 "Trumpet" complex with an 85RU rocket torpedo capable of hitting not only underwater, but also surface targets (this is how they tried to compensate for the absence of anti-ship missiles). In this case, target designation can come from all radar stations of the ship. The warhead of the rocket torpedo - the UMGT torpedo - compared to the AT-2UM has a high travel speed and a response radius of the homing system.

In addition to the URPK complex, the ships of Project 1135 each received two RBU-6000 Smerch-2 rocket launchers.

The ship is equipped with two Osa-M air defense systems. The Osa short-range anti-aircraft missile systems for the ground army and the Osa-M for the Navy were created according to a single TTZ and without significant differences. Both versions of the air defense missile system use the same 9M33 missile. The complex, in addition to the launcher, includes a means of tracking targets, sighting missiles and giving commands, as well as a radar for detection. The detection range of a target flying at an altitude of 3.5 - 4 km is about 25 km, at high altitudes - up to 50 km. It is also possible to receive target designation from the shipborne air surveillance radar. The coordinates of the identified target are fed to the tracking system to guide the antenna post by bearing and additional search by elevation. Combining detection and capture modes reduces the response time of the complex by 6 - 8 s.

After the launch of the first rocket, the drum turns, providing access to the loading line of the next rocket, and after launching the second, the launch beams automatically become vertical, turn to the nearest pair of drums, and the lifting part of the launcher descends behind the next pair of missiles. The reloading time of the installation is 16 - 21 s, the rate of fire is 2 rds / min for air targets, 2.8 for surface targets.

In 1973, an improved version of the Osa-M2 air defense system entered service, and in 1979, the Osa-MA. In the latter, the minimum height of the defeat decreased from 60 to 25 m. In the first half of the 80s, the complexes were modernized in order to increase the effectiveness of the fight against low-flying anti-ship missiles. The modernized OSA-MA-2 air defense missile system could hit targets at heights of 5 m.

The artillery armament of the SKR project 1135 is the AK-726-MR-105 artillery complex, consisting of two 76.2-mm paired AK-726 automated artillery mounts. Starting from the 22nd ship of the series, instead of the AK-726-MR-105 complex, the AK-100-MR-145 was installed from two 100-mm single-gun AK-100 artillery mounts.

All TFRs have two 533-mm four-tube torpedo tubes ChTA-53-1135. The types of torpedoes used are SET-65 or 53-65K. In the aft part of the deck there are mine rails, on which 16 min IGDM-500, 12 KSM or 14 CRAB can be taken.

Speaking about the patrol boats of Project 1135, their commanders show rare unanimity in a positive assessment of these ships. Everyone notes the high reliability, controllability, seaworthiness, good living conditions. The minimal differences between the serial ships indicate the optimal design. "Eleven-thirty-fifth", of course, was a model of the most advanced technology of its time. The list of innovations applied on it is truly impressive: an original gas turbine power plant, a marching gear attachment, a keel and towed GAS, a promising air defense system, a "long arm" for hunting enemy nuclear submarines - Metel submarines and much more.

The patrol ship Ladny was included in the lists of ships on February 17, 1978 and on May 25, 1979, laid down on the slipway of the Zaliv shipyard in Kerch (serial number 16). Launched on 05/07/1980, entered service on 12/29/1980 and 02/25/1981 included in the KChF.

07.08 - 10.08.1981 paid a visit to Varna (Bulgaria);
18.06 - 22.06.1996 - in Piraeus (Greece).

In 1991 and 1993. won prizes of the Navy Commander's Committee for anti-submarine warfare (as part of the KPUG), and in 1994 - the prize of the Naval Commander's Committee for artillery preparation (as part of the KUG).

In 1994 he took part in joint exercises with the ships of the naval forces of the NATO countries, and on 05/08/1995 - in the international naval parade in St. Petersburg, dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War.

07/27/1997 changed the USSR naval flag to Andreevsky.

SKR "Ladny" in 2005-2006 underwent scheduled repairs in Tuapse.

In August 2008, the ship took part in the Active Endeavor anti-terrorist operation jointly with NATO countries, exercising control over shipping in the Suez Canal region.

08/07/2009, as part of a group of ships of the Black Sea Fleet, Ladny left Sevastopol to carry out an inter-fleet passage along the Sevastopol-Baltiysk route to participate in the Zapad-2009 exercises. However, by order of the command, he was involved in a search and rescue operation to locate the missing dry cargo ship "Arctic Sea" with a Russian crew, which disappeared without a trace off the coast of Portugal on its way to Gibraltar. On August 16, 2009, the patrol ship Ladny discovered a dry cargo ship 300 miles from the Cape Verde Islands, disembarking an inspection team on it. According to the investigation, the "Arctic Sea" was captured by eight citizens of Estonia, Latvia and Russia.

In the period from 08.16.2010 to 09.17.2010, the ship was in the Mediterranean Sea, took part in the joint Russian-Italian exercise "Ionieks-2010"; also made business calls to the ports of Greece, France, Libya and Italy.

In the period from 04.12.2011 to 15.01.2012, "Ladny" performed tasks as part of the naval aircraft carrier group of the Russian Navy in the Mediterranean Sea, visiting the ports of France, Malta, Spain and Syria with business calls. During the voyage, the ship covered about 6,000 nautical miles.

In the period from 06.02.2015 to 26.05.2015 the ship operated as part of the permanent formation of the Russian Navy in the Mediterranean Sea.

It is currently in the 30th division of surface ships of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation and is intensively used in combat services.
Ship commanders at different times:
- Captain 2nd Rank Andrey Dmitriev;
- Captain 2nd Rank Alexander Schwartz;
- Captain 2nd Rank Oleg Knyazev.

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With gratitude, I dedicate the continuation of my version of AI to my colleague Ansar, who prompted me to prioritize the construction of destroyers as the basis of the Red Army Navy.

Patrol ships (SKR)

SKR type Hurricane of the first series

The construction of patrol ships was carried out in the USSR in accordance with the technical specifications approved on June 23, 1927: the displacement during tests was 400 tons, the length between the perpendiculars was 70, the width was 7.1, the draft was 1.9 m, the main mechanisms were high-speed turbines with a gear transmission, the maximum speed with normal reserves of fuel and water - 29 knots, two 102-mm guns, three 40-mm Vickers assault rifles, three large-caliber machine guns, one three-pipe 450-mm torpedo tube, mines, depth charges, paravans, trawls (for escorting battleships through enemy minefields). They were intended to protect formations of ships and convoys from attacks by submarines, torpedo boats and to carry out patrol service.

There were many constructive innovations in the project of the SKR type "Uragan". For the first time in the domestic fleet, the power plant operated on superheated steam, direct-acting, low-speed turbines were replaced by GTZA with high-speed turbines. The installation was compact, and the echelon placement increased its survivability. For the first time, the set of the body was carried out along the longitudinal system. Also, for the first time, galvanizing of hull structures and welding (irrelevant parts) were used. The TFR hulls, despite the relief, turned out to be quite strong.
The first series of 8 ships was laid down in 1927 and launched in the period 1929-1930. In the spring of 1931, at the time the TFR was presented for acceptance tests, the displacement reached 465.3 tons against the design 400. With a total displacement of 610 tons, the ship had a maximum length of 71.5 m, a width of 7.4 m and a draft of 2.3 m. the disadvantage was a significant shortage of travel speed. For various reasons, the maximum speed was only 25.8 knots. On the economic 16-knot course, the cruising range was 1200 miles.

7 out of 8 patrol ships of Project 2 (SKR of the Uragan type) entered service in the period 1931-1933, and the last one - 03/05/1933.

When accepting the Uragan type SKR of the first series, assessing seaworthiness and maneuverability, it was noted that the shallow draft in combination with the high windage of the high forecastle and superstructures made the ship very roll in strong winds and waves, and maneuvering in narrow areas was very difficult. Seaworthiness was limited by excitement of 6 points, otherwise intensive flooding of the forecastle appeared, interruptions of propellers and a decrease in controllability. At the same time, the pitching turned out to be strong and swift, which made it very difficult to maintain the mechanisms and made it impossible to use weapons. Agility when moving aft forward was recognized as unsatisfactory, and at full reverse, shifting the rudder became completely impossible.
In general, the stability was considered satisfactory and it was believed that ships can safely navigate in the Baltic Sea. Due to the ill-conceived placement of moving cargo on ships, the effect of "swing" was noted - with a standard displacement, they had a trim at the stern of 0.173 m, and in the case of accepting the maximum amount of fuel, a trim appeared on the bow to 0.215 m.

SKR type Hurricane of the second series

Before the laying of the second series of the TFR, the People's Commissariat for Military Affairs Uborevich approved a new operational-tactical task for the TFR. Uborevich struck out the protection of ship formations from attacks by submarines and torpedo boats from the list of tasks, in the absence (in his opinion) of such formations as part of the Red Army Navy. Air defense of convoys has been added to the tasks. Now the TFR was intended to protect convoys from attacks by aircraft, submarines and torpedo boats, as well as to carry out patrol service.

With this simple solution, the shortage of full stroke speed from a burning problem that required an immediate solution turned into a question of third-rate importance. This question, by the way, was never resolved in the future. More serious was the issue of mediocre seaworthiness and unreliable steering.

In the maneuvers carried out in the summer of 1932, it was revealed that the 45-mm gun, which was located between the 102-mm gun and the conning tower, was so inconvenient that it jammed the crew of the 102-mm gun and machine gunners, disabled the instruments installed on the bridge, and tore body kits.
Another, even more sad fact, came to light: the cones towed during the summer 1932 air defense exercises did not receive holes from the fire from anti-aircraft 45mm semi-automatic guns of the TFR. Anti-aircraft fire, due to its low rate of fire, had only a psychological (albeit quite significant) effect on the enemy. The country needed automatic anti-aircraft guns, but the industry could not yet provide them.

The change in OTZ, of course, entailed changes in the project itself for the second series of construction of the Uragan-type cruise missile system. Launched in 1933, 8 TFRs were built according to a project that reflected the errors of the first series revealed during the protracted construction and delivery. The reliability of the GTZA with high-speed turbines has increased, both due to the modification of design documentation for individual units and parts, and due to an increase in production culture. Changed the design of the screws. Changes were made to the design of the steering gear. The bottom fuel tank was divided into three, and a synchronous intake of fuel from the tanks was installed, which somewhat improved seaworthiness by eliminating the aforementioned "swing" effect.

The armament of the TFR was also changed in comparison with the first series. The 26-knot patrol ship still could not effectively resist modern destroyers, and even more so large ships, in battle, and in this case, an evasion maneuver was prescribed for it. Taking into account the fact that aircraft, submarines and small vessels were identified as the enemy of the patrol boats at sea, the 102mm gun mounts were considered redundant in caliber and insufficient in terms of versatility. Instead of a 102mm cannon, Plant No. 8 was ordered to urgently design and supply the Navy with a universal 76mm cannon, based on a 76mm semi-automatic anti-aircraft gun, which in turn was developed in 1931-1932 at the specified factory No. 8 on the model of a 7.5-cm German anti-aircraft gun firm "Rheinmetall". The difference between the gun and the anti-aircraft gun was mainly in the materials used, and the adoption of the universal 76mm naval gun into service took place already in 1933.

The armament of the TFR "Uragan", which was deprived of the torpedo tube due to the change in the OTZ, thus amounted to three 76mm universal guns and three 45mm semi-automatic anti-aircraft guns:

In total, 8 ships were laid down in 1933, which were launched in 1934 and entered service in 1935.
However, the exercises of the Red Banner Baltic and Black Sea Fleets on the anti-submarine defense of convoys that took place in 1934 and 1935 revealed a completely insufficient ammunition load for the main weapon of the TFR - depth charges. Observers on the submarines did not record the strikes of training depth charges. It was necessary to increase the number of bombs in the series, the total number of bombs and intensify combat training. The presence of a sound direction finder on board was also deemed necessary.

SKR type Hurricane of the third series
The measures taken to improve the seaworthiness of the second series of SKR were considered insufficient. The ships turned out to be suitable exclusively for the Black and Baltic Seas. For the Pacific and Northern fleets, seaworthiness of 6 points was considered insufficient.
The SKR project for the third series has been redesigned more significantly. The draft increased from 2.1 to 3.2 meters, the length was increased by 3 meters and the width was increased by 1 meter. Normal displacement increased from 470 tons to 800 tons. The speed dropped to 21 knots.
The universal 76mm cannons were replaced by the universal 85mm guns, which was greatly facilitated by the fact that the gun carriage was identical - only the swinging part of the gun changed. The guns received 8mm thick ship shields. The medium gun was replaced with a significantly increased supply of depth charges, which was located on the deck in the middle of the ship.
A closed wheelhouse appeared.
The stern superstructure received an air nest, which was supposed to be armed with two single-barreled 37mm artillery guns. Two more artillery guns were placed on the deckhouse pylons above the forecastle. However, by 1936, the industry had not mastered 37mm artillery, and this type of weapon had to be purchased from Sweden. Thus, instead of 4 units of 45mm semi-automatic anti-aircraft guns, four single-barreled 40mm Bofors artillery guns appeared on the TFR, and five 20mm Swiss automatic Oerlikon cannons were installed instead of machine guns.
The small-caliber anti-aircraft artillery of the TFR caused such delight among Soviet sailors that they bought a license from Bofors and Erlikon, and later these two types of weapons were produced at Soviet factories.

In total, 16 ships of the third series were laid down in 1935, which were launched in 1936 and entered service in 1937-1938.

Another 16 ships of the third series were laid down in 1936, immediately after the launch of the first group of ships of the third series, launched in 1937..1938 and commissioned in the period 1938..1939.

In 1940, all TFRs of the third series were additionally equipped with BMB-1 bombers.

The total number of TFR in 1941 was 48 units. The Pacific Fleet and the Northern Fleet were equipped with 12 TFRs of the third series, and the Black Sea Fleet and KBF - 8 TFRs of the second series and 4 TFRs of the third series each.

Applications

The slipways freed up in 1936 after the completion of the production program for the construction of the TFR were used for the construction of minesweepers and landing ships.

The patrol ship "Razitelny" was included in the lists of the Navy ships on 06/05/1974 and 02/11/1975, laid down on the project 1135M on the stocks of the Baltic Shipyard "Yantar" in Kaliningrad (serial number 161). Launched on 07/01/1976, entered service on 12/31/1976 and 02/05/1977, after the inter-fleet passage from Baltiysk to Sevastopol, was included in the KChF.

Displacement: 3200 t.

Dimensions: length - 123 m, width - 14.2 m, draft - 4.28 m.

Maximum travel speed: 32.2 knots.

Cruising range: 5000 miles at 14 knots.

Power plant: 2 gas turbines with 18,000 hp each (afterburner mode, sustainer mode - 6000 hp each), 2 fixed pitch screws

Armament: URPK-5 "Bell" (4 launchers), 2x2 76.2-mm gun mounts AK-100, 2x2 launchers for the Osa-MA-2 air defense missile system (40 9M-33 missiles), 2x4 533-mm torpedo tubes, 2x12 rocket launcher RBU-6000.

Crew: 197 people.

Ship history:

Patrol ship pr. 1135M

The first patrol ship in the series, Project 1135, entered the Russian Navy in December 1970. The new ship had better seaworthiness than its predecessors. He had three times the displacement, the armament was also more powerful, which gave him a higher combat stability when operating in the sea zone.

Project 1135 "Burevestnik" appeared as if at the crossroads of two directions in the evolution of anti-submarine ships of our fleet - small (projects 159 and 35) and large (project 61). At that time, the Soviet Navy was entering the world ocean, and its main task was considered to be the fight against nuclear submarines of a potential enemy. It was then that the first anti-submarine ships of the ocean zone were created - helicopter carrier cruisers, rank 1 BOD and rank 2 BOD. But their high cost forced the leadership of the fleet to supplement the arsenal of anti-submarine forces with smaller displacement and less expensive ships of the near zone, capable of operating in remote areas of the ocean.

Initially, the development of the future ship was entrusted to the Zelenodolsk Design Bureau (at that time - TsKB-340). Meanwhile, the industry began to develop new means of anti-submarine warfare - the Metel missile-torpedo complex and the Vega and Titan hydroacoustic stations, which were quite advanced for their time. The combination of a sub-keel and a towed GAS promised to increase the detection range of submarines by three times and to keep stable contact with an underwater target at distances of up to 100 kbt. All this brought the future patrol ship to a qualitatively new level, but at the same time entailed a significant increase in displacement. And since TsKB-340 traditionally specialized in the creation of small combat ships, the development of the project was transferred to Leningrad, to TsKB-53 (later Severnoye PKB). The chief designer was N.P. Sobolev, the main observer from the Navy - I.M. Stetsyura. General management was carried out by the head of TsKB-53 V.E. Yukhnin.

The tactical and technical assignment (TTZ) for the development of Project 1135 was issued by the Navy in 1964. The main purpose of the patrol ship is "long-term patrolling with the aim of finding and destroying enemy submarines and guarding ships and vessels at sea crossing." Initially, the TTZ provided for the following armament: one PLRK, one five-tube 533-mm TA for anti-submarine torpedoes, two RBU-6000, one Osa air defense system and two twin 76-mm artillery mounts. GAS "Titan" was supposed to be the main means of detecting submarines. The displacement was limited to 2100 tons, but after the final approval as a PLRK complex "Metel" it had to be increased to 3200 tons. This, in turn, made it possible to place two TA and two SAM "Osa", as well as supplement the hydroacoustic means of the towed GAS " Vega". In addition, already at the design stage, the possibility of replacing 76-mm artillery with 100-mm was stipulated.

For the first time on ships of this class, it was supposed to place an automated combat information post (BIP), a prototype of future combat information and control systems (CIUS); on the lead ship even a staff of a computer officer was opened. On the whole, the ship, both in size and in terms of capabilities, has outgrown its "classmates" so much that it was reclassified into a BOD at the design stage. The ships of Project 1135 were returned to the SKR class again only in June 1977.

According to the architecture, the hull of the project 1135 ship was distinguished by an elongated forecastle, rounded contours, a clipper stem, a large collapse of the frames in the bow, a flat low stern and a construction trim on the bow. The set of the case is mixed, the ratio of length to width is 8.6. A characteristic feature of the contours is the small angles of the waterline sharpening. The body is made of MK-35 steel; 13 steel bulkheads divide it into 14 watertight compartments. According to calculations, the ship should have remained afloat when three adjacent or five non-adjacent compartments were flooded. Deck superstructures and internal bulkheads of the premises are made of aluminum-magnesium alloy AMG-61.

Service and living quarters are located on the main deck under the forecastle. Here are the cabins of officers and warrant officers, a galley and a sailor's mess. On the main deck there is a through corridor from the poop to the bow, bifurcating around the mines of the air defense missile system. In the aft part there is a BUGAS "Vega" room with an original POUKB-1 lifting and lowering device. This development of the Zelenodolsk Design Bureau provides opening and closing of the transom cover, immersion in water, towing, lifting and installation of at least 9 knots of the body of the towed GAS on the move while the ship is in motion.

The diameter of the ship's circulation is 4.3 kbt in 130 s at a speed of 32 knots. Yaw - no more than 2 °. Inertia from full speed to stop - 1940 m in 524 s. The initial transverse metacentric height is 1.4 m. The highest heeling moment is 85 °, the buoyancy margin is 6450 t. The sunset angle of the static stability diagram is 80 °.

The seaworthiness of the "eleven-thirty-fifth" is highly commendable. The ship is well on the wave; there is practically no flooding and splashing at all speeds. Slight splashing of the aft deck is observed only at speeds of more than 24 knots and on circulation at a course angle of 90 ° to the wave. Seaworthiness ensures the use of all types of weapons at all speeds in a sea state up to four points without roll stabilizers and more than five points with their inclusion.

The SKR gas turbine power plant of project 1135 includes two M7K units, each of which consists of one DO63 main gas turbine and one DK59 afterburner. Propulsion engines with a capacity of 6,000 hp. mounted on suspended platforms. Afterburners with a capacity of 18,000 hp. connected to shaft lines through tire-pneumatic couplings. All turbines have gas reverse. An innovation was the marching gear attachment, which allows working on both shafts for both the marching engines and for each engine separately. This improved the efficiency of the power plant by 25%.

The time for starting turbines from a cold state is no more than three minutes. The total fuel supply is 450-550 tons, the fuel consumption per mile on the technical and economic course (14 knots) is 100 kg, on the operational and economic (17 knots) - 143 kg, at full (32.2 knots) - 390 kg. On average, the daily fuel consumption in the campaign is about 25 tons. The cruising range at full speed is 1290 miles, operational and economic - 3550 miles, technical and economic - 5000 miles.

Propellers - four-bladed, low-noise, variable pitch, with a fairing. The weight of each is 7650 kg, the diameter is 3.5 m. The number of revolutions of the propeller shaft is 320 rpm.

When designing, special attention was paid to reducing the physical fields of the ship and the level of interference with the operation of the GAS. Two-stage amortization of the main mechanisms, vibration-damping coatings were applied, the "Velena" bubble cloud system was installed. As a result, the TFR project 1135 had a very low acoustic field level for its time and were the quietest surface ships of the Soviet Navy.

The main weapon of the TFR project 1135 is the URPK-4 Metel anti-submarine guided missile system with the Monsoon autonomous control system. The complex consists of a solid-propellant remote-controlled missile 85R with a warhead - a homing anti-submarine torpedo, launchers, a ship guidance system and prelaunch automation.

The KT-106 launchers have four containers and are guided in a horizontal plane, which allows an attack to be carried out without additional maneuvering. The URPK-4 is fired with two-rocket salvos or single rocket torpedoes supplied by its own GAS and external target designation sources - ships, helicopters or sonar buoys at ranges from 6 to 50 km. The control system allows you to correct the trajectory of the missile flight depending on the change in the current acoustic bearing to the target.

The AT-2UM homing torpedo is used as a warhead for the 85R missile. At the command of the ship's control system, the torpedo at the calculated point of the submarine is separated from the rocket and splashed down on a parachute, then deepens, conducts a circular search by the homing system and strikes the target. The immersion depth of the AT-2UM torpedo is 400 m. The speed in the search mode is 23 knots, in the guidance mode - 40 knots. The cruising range is 8 km. The response radius of the active-passive torpedo homing system is 1000 m, the mass of the explosive charge is 100 kg.

A further development of the URPK-4 was the URPK-5 "Trumpet" complex with an 85RU rocket torpedo capable of hitting not only underwater, but also surface targets (this is how they tried to compensate for the absence of anti-ship missiles). In this case, target designation can come from all radar stations of the ship. The warhead of the rocket torpedo - the UMGT torpedo - compared to the AT-2UM has a high travel speed and a response radius of the homing system.

In addition to the URPK complex, the ships of Project 1135 each received two RBU-6000 Smerch-2 rocket launchers.

The ship is equipped with two Osa-M air defense systems. The Osa short-range anti-aircraft missile systems for the ground army and the Osa-M for the Navy were created according to a single TTZ and without significant differences. Both versions of the air defense missile system use the same 9M33 missile. The complex, in addition to the launcher, includes a means of tracking targets, sighting missiles and giving commands, as well as a radar for detection. The detection range of a target flying at an altitude of 3.5 - 4 km is about 25 km, at high altitudes - up to 50 km. It is also possible to receive target designation from the shipborne air surveillance radar. The coordinates of the identified target are fed to the tracking system to guide the antenna post by bearing and additional search by elevation. Combining detection and capture modes reduces the response time of the complex by 6 - 8 s.

After the launch of the first rocket, the drum turns, providing access to the loading line of the next rocket, and after launching the second, the launch beams automatically become vertical, turn to the nearest pair of drums, and the lifting part of the launcher descends behind the next pair of missiles. The reload time of the installation is 16 - 21 s, the rate of fire is 2 rds / min for air targets, 2.8 for surface targets.

In 1973, an improved version of the Osa-M2 air defense system entered service, and in 1979, the Osa-MA. In the latter, the minimum height of the defeat decreased from 60 to 25 m. In the first half of the 80s, the complexes were modernized in order to increase the effectiveness of the fight against low-flying anti-ship missiles. The modernized OSA-MA-2 air defense missile system could hit targets at heights of 5 m.

The artillery armament of the SKR project 1135 is the AK-726-MR-105 artillery complex, consisting of two 76.2-mm paired AK-726 automated artillery mounts. Starting from the 22nd ship of the series, instead of the AK-726-MR-105 complex, the AK-100-MR-145 was installed from two 100-mm single-gun AK-100 artillery mounts.

All TFRs have two 533-mm four-tube torpedo tubes ChTA-53-1135. The types of torpedoes used are SET-65 or 53-65K. In the aft part of the deck there are mine rails, on which 16 min IGDM-500, 12 KSM or 14 CRAB can be taken.

Speaking about the patrol boats of Project 1135, their commanders show rare unanimity in a positive assessment of these ships. Everyone notes the high reliability, controllability, seaworthiness, good living conditions. The minimal differences between the serial ships indicate the optimal design. "Eleven-thirty-fifth", of course, was a model of the most advanced technology of its time. The list of innovations applied on it is truly impressive: an original gas turbine power plant, a marching gear attachment, a keel and towed GAS, a promising air defense system, a "long arm" for hunting enemy nuclear submarines - Metel submarines and much more.

The patrol ship "Razitelny" was enlisted in the lists of the Navy ships on 06/05/1974 and 02/11/1975 laid down on the project 1135M on the stocks of the Baltic Shipyard "Yantar" in Kaliningrad (serial number 161). Launched on 07/01/1976, entered service on 12/31/1976 and 02/05/1977, after the inter-fleet passage from Baltiysk to Sevastopol, was included in the KChF.