Political elite security presentation. Political elite and political leadership. presentation for a history lesson (grade 11) on the topic. The essence and nature of the political elite

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Political elite -

Relatively independent, privileged group politicians and senior leaders of the state and society, possessing outstanding professional, social and psychological-personal qualities that provide the opportunity to implement fundamental, cardinal decisions.

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The main characteristics of the elite:

Relative independence in relation to society; - highest social status V political sphere and prestige of social status; - political power and power orientation;

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Relative coincidence of goals and interests, group consciousness; - willpower and charisma, attraction to a leadership role; - ability to accept the most important government decisions and willingness to take responsibility for them;

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Unidirectional vector of career aspirations; - a sense of belonging to the chosen caste.

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2. Typology of the political elite.

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Elite types:

Totalitarian - liberal - dominant - democratic

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Totalitarian elite:

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Liberal elite:

Elite democratic power sharing. Most often, it is unitary in its qualitative composition, open in its forms, but corporate in its principles of forming its ranks.

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Dominant Elite:

The elite is democratically oriented, pluralistic and mobile in its composition, open in the mechanisms for recruiting its ranks, dominant in ideological attitudes and consensus in the methods of political management activities.

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Democratic elite:

The elite of a civilized democratic society with a strong legislative, executive and judicial authorities, pluralistic in its composition and ideological orientations.

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LESSON TOPIC:

Food for thought The All-Russian Center for the Study of Public Opinion (VTsIOM) conducted a poll “Politician of the Year” in December 2010

Food for thought “The difference between a statesman and a politician is that a politician focuses on the next elections, while a statesman focuses on the next generations.” Winston Churchill Winston Churchill

The political elite is an internally cohesive, minority social community that acts as the subject of preparation and adoption of the most important strategic decisions in the field of politics and has the necessary resources for this resource potential. It is characterized by the closeness of attitudes, stereotypes and norms of behavior, unity (often relative) of shared values, as well as involvement in power (regardless of the method and conditions of its acquisition). The term "elite" comes from the French word elite - which means the best, chosen, chosen, "chosen people."

Theories of the elites Gaetano Mosca (1858 -1941), Italian lawyer, sociologist about B E S H T S O V P U A R E V Y A L E Y M Ruling Mosca G. considered the domination of the minority inevitable, because it is the domination of an organized minority over unorganized majority.

Theories of elites about B E SH T S o V P U A R E V Y A L E Y M Ruling Pareto Vilfredo (1848-1923), Italian economist and sociologist. Opposition elite Change of elites History is a process of constant “circulation of elites”, which occurs during periods of revolutionary upheavals.

Along with the similarity of the initial positions of Pareto and Mosca, there are also differences in their concepts: Gaetano Mosca Vilfredo Pareto the gradual penetration of the “best” representatives of the masses into the elite the replacement of one type of elite by another the action of the political factor absolutely the elite rules because it inculcates political mythology, rising above ordinary consciousness elite - political class; elite is anthropological, i.e. there may be an elite of economic, military, religious, party, information, administrative, scientific, etc.

Circulation of elites Economic elite (owners of the largest corporations, banks, funds, etc.) Oligarchic rule Political elite (heads of state and government, ministers, leaders of political parties) Corruption EE + PE = oligarchy corruption

Circulation of elites Military elite (high generals, district commanders) Military coup Political elite (opposition to power, ministers, leaders of political parties) Change of state power VE + PE = military coup change of state power

Circulation of elites Information elite (owners and editors of large-circulation newspapers and magazines, TV, leading political commentators) Information war Political elite (leaders of ruling and opposition parties, officials) Influence on political decision-making IE + PE = information war influence on political decision making

How is the political elite formed (recruited)? Closed selection system Open selection system A narrow circle of senior managers Takes into account age, education, successful career at the lower levels of power Characteristic of authoritarian-dictatorial, totalitarian political systems Separation of the elite from the people Great importance elections to various government bodies Possibility of promotion to power of people from any social strata Characteristic of a democratic political system High competitiveness, importance of personal qualities, actions for the benefit of the represented social group

Political leadership This is any influence on the part of a certain person on society, an organization, or a social group. The influence must be permanent. Unidirectional action from the leader to the object. Covers the entire society or large group of people. 4. Influence is based on the authority of the leader.

Role functions of a political leader Integration of society, unification of the masses. Finding and making optimal political decisions. Social arbitration and patronage, protection of the masses from lawlessness and tyranny. Communication between the authorities and the masses, strengthening the channels of political and emotional communication. Initiating renewal, generating optimism and social energy, mobilizing the masses to realize political goals. Legitimation (validity, justification) of power, political system.

Types of leadership Max WEBER (1864 - 1920) German philosopher and sociologist. Traditional Legal (based on law) Charismatic

Determine your leadership type

Homework § 16, source analysis pp. 188-189 Provide an example (characterize) a famous political leader of the past or present.

THE CONCEPT OF THE ELITE 2 The elite is a social community represented by people who have a high position in society, have prestige, power, wealth, and are active in political and other spheres of activity Aristotle: Those who intend to occupy the highest positions must have three qualities: sympathize with the existing state system have great ability to perform the duties associated with the position be distinguished by virtue and justice POWERING POLITICAL various groups directly or indirectly participating in power processes in various fields life of society (political, economic, military, ideological, etc.) a relatively small layer of people occupying leadership positions in government bodies, political parties, public organizations and so on. and influencing the development and implementation of policies in the country

3 The most politically active people, power-oriented People with positions of power A relatively organized minority People who make major decisions within the political system, give orders and control their execution through the bureaucratic apparatus The political elite is a privileged group of people who occupy leadership positions in power structures and is directly involved in making the most important decisions related to the use of power STRUCTURE OF THE POLITICAL ELITE “In all societies, from the most moderately developed and barely reached the beginnings of civilization to the enlightened and powerful, there are 2 classes of persons: the class of managers and the class of the governed. The first, always relatively few in number, carries out everything political functions, monopolizes power and enjoys its inherent advantages, while the second, more numerous, is controlled and regulated by the first and supplies it with the material means of support necessary for the viability of the political body.” (Gaetano Mosca, Italian sociologist and political scientist)

Psychological and social features people, their unequal abilities, opportunities and desires to participate in politics The law of division of labor, which requires professional management, a certain specialization Wide possibilities for using management activities to obtain social privileges Political passivity of the broad masses of the population, whose main interests usually lie outside of politics High social significance of management labor and its corresponding stimulation The practical impossibility of exercising comprehensive control over political leaders 4

5 Entrepreneurial (entrepreneurial) focused on personal qualities the candidate, his ability to please people; (selection is carried out from various groups of society) The guild system involves the slow advancement of the candidate up the ranks of power; (selection is carried out from certain social groups or parties) The nomenclature feature is that the appointment of candidates was carried out only with the consent of party bodies HIGHER MEDIUM ADMINISTRATIVE RULING Strategic Organizational Communicative Integrative

MACHIAVEELLIAN SCHOOL ELITE 6 The most important criterion formation of a political class - the ability to manage people. Trends in the development of the political class: aristocratic and democratic. Qualities that open access to the political class: “military prowess, wealth, priesthood.” (G. Mosca) The world should always be ruled by a chosen minority. The elite must be able to use force in a timely manner. The main types of elites are “lions” and “foxes”. "Lions" are conservatives who use rude forceful methods management. "Foxes" are masters of deception and political combinations. (V. Pareto) Society needs organizational structures, stimulating elitism and elevating the governing layer. Democracy in the strict sense is impossible. Creation large organizations invariably leads to their oligarchization and the formation of an elite. (R. Michels)

7 The theory of elite democracy (R. Dahl, S. Lipset) the elite does not rule, but leads the masses with their voluntary consent through free elections Value theories (W. Ropke) the elite is a layer of society endowed with high management abilities, with outstanding qualities Concepts of elite pluralism (S. Keller, O. Stammer, D. Risman) the elite is plural Left-liberal concepts (R. Mills) society is governed exclusively by one ruling elite. Partocratic theory of the elite Origin from the bottom of society as a criterion for joining the elite Globality Comprehensive nature One ideology Rigid hierarchy

POLITICAL LEADERSHIP

Elite

The term "elite" comes from the French word elite - which means the best, chosen, chosen, "chosen people." In political science, elite refers to individuals who have received the highest index in their field of activity. Equivalent concepts to the concept of “elite” are “ruling elite”, “ruling stratum”, “ruling circles”.

The elite is the highest part of a social group, class, political public organization.

Persons with the highest performance indicators

in his field of activity (V. Pareto).

Charismatic personalities (M. Weber).

The most politically active people are power-oriented; organized minority of society (G. Mosca).

People occupying top places in society, thanks to his

biological and genetic origin.

Persons who have a high position in society and thereby influence social progress (Dupré).

People who have received the greatest prestige and status in society (G. Lasswell).

Persons with intellectual

and moral superiority over the masses, regardless of their status.

Persons receiving material

And intangible values

V maximum size

Political elite

The political elite is a small, relatively privileged, fairly independent, superior group (or set of groups), more or less possessing certain psychological, social and

political qualities necessary for

management of other people and directly involved in the exercise of government power.

Gaetano Mosca (1858 - 1941)

Mosca tried to prove the inevitable division of any society into two unequal social status and the roles of the group. In "Fundamentals" political science" (1896) he wrote: "In all societies, from the most moderately developed to modern advanced and powerful societies, there are two classes of persons: the class of managers and the class of those governed. The first, always smaller in number, carries out all political functions, monopolizes power and enjoys its inherent advantages, while the second, more numerous, is controlled and regulated by the first and supplies ... material means for the life support of the political body."

Mosca G. considered the rule of a minority to be inevitable, for it is the rule of an organized minority over an unorganized majority.

Vilfredo Pareto (1848 - 1923)

The inevitability of dividing society into a governing elite and the controlled masses was derived from the inequality of individual abilities of people, manifested in all spheres of social life.

He first of all singled out the political, economic, military, and religious elite.