Cattle: what kind of animals are in our region. The whole history of Russia through the number of livestock

Raising cattle is one of the most profitable types of agricultural business, both in Russia and in neighboring countries. And it does not matter whether the company produces meat or milk. The number of cows as of 2017 was 1.3 billion. At the same time, India became the leader in terms of the number of heads, which does not use cattle for beef production, but ranks third in the world market for milk production.

The second place in the geography of the livestock of cattle is occupied by the European Union. The production of milk and meat is far from the most profitable direction for them. In addition, they use the skins in the manufacture of leather products. And an additional activity is the resale of highly productive dairy breeds and beef with marbled meat to neighboring countries.

Every year, Russian producers of raw milk and meat import cattle from Europe and Germany into the country. Some of the most famous heifer breeds for high production are:

• Holsteins
• Jersey
• Danish red
• Aberdeen Angus Simmentals
• Charolais
• Hereford
• Limousine
• Galoway

Breeding heifers with high genetic material are the elite among the animal world of cattle. Since in these countries cattle are bred on small farms, which allows for proper insemination and care of animals. Therefore, every farmer, purchasing livestock in Germany or Europe, makes his production more efficient. The cost of cows in the EU is higher than that of our producers, but the payback is much higher.

On the third - in the breeding of cattle - is Brazil. The production of milk and meat among Brazilians occupies a significant place in the agricultural market. At the same time, they are not engaged in the sale and export of cows abroad, as well as the processing of skins.

In fourth place is Western part USA. One of the most developed countries world produces products at low cost. Since most of the time the animals are on grazing pastures. North America focuses on raising livestock for resale.

Livestock in China has recently begun to rise in the rankings of world leaders. Until a few years ago, China had very little milk for its population. To date, production volumes have increased by 2.5 times.

Seventh - Australia.

Mexico ranks eighth among the leading pastoral countries.

Russia, despite its population and vast territory, is still in ninth place. Over the past few years, the cultivation of cattle in Russia has been gaining quite high momentum. New dairy complexes are being built, the number of existing farms is being increased, new agricultural holdings are appearing, which are beginning to produce beef on a large scale. When it comes to the selection of livestock, many make do with Russian producers and breeding enterprises. But prudent investors and managers import cattle from Europe and Germany with higher productivity, after which they try to inseminate elite cows on their own.

AGRONEWS has compiled an agricultural map of the world, which tells about the leaders in the production of agricultural products.

CHINA

China successfully cultivates 50 types of field plants, 80 garden plants and 60 garden plants. However, first of all, the Celestial Empire is known rice plantations. In 2015, it exported 287 thousand tons of rice. Since the 1990s, China has ranked first in the world in grain production.

INDIA

The undisputed leader in terms of number of cattle we can call India, where 221.9 million are now located. Also, the agro-industrial country, which is home to 2/3 of the poorest population of the planet, ranks second in the world in terms of production Sahara- about 14 million tons per year. And last year, India became the largest producer milk in the world with a share of 18.5%. The country annually exports products worth $112 billion.

BRAZIL

In terms of exports of agricultural products, Brazil is in third place in the world (share in world exports - 6.1%). And for production coffee and sugar cane country ahead of the whole planet. Brazil also has a large number of cattle (208 million heads). According to the latest data, the export of products from Brazil amounted to 199.7 billion dollars.

In terms of agricultural production, the United States is vastly superior to any other country. Thus, the United States ranks first in the world in the production of soybeans and the third - for the collection sugar beets. 16% of the total world crop is grown here. grain and 22% of world volumes sorghum. More than 2.5 million private farms have been created in the state, employing more than 20 million people. Favorable natural resource conditions, scientific and technological progress, as well as government investment are factors that contribute to the development of agricultural production in the United States.

INDONESIA

Indonesia produced 32.5 million tons in 2015 edible oil , which is 2/3 more than the second world leader Malaysia. Last year, overseas sales of Indonesian palm oil generated $19 billion. The main agricultural industry is agriculture. The main crops are rice, cassava (an edible root plant used to make flour, porridge), coconuts, corn, bananas, sweet potatoes. Fishing has historically been of great importance. Now Indonesia ranks third in the world in terms of the volume of fish and seafood caught.

JAPAN

First of all, Japan is famous for its love for fish and seafood. On average, a Japanese consumes 168 kg of fish per year, which is the highest figure among countries in the world. However, the main industry Agriculture Japan is rice growing. About half of all farmland in the country is occupied by rice fields. In 2014, Japanese exports of agricultural and food products amounted to 611 billion yen (about $5.8 billion). In particular, exports of salmon increased by 36.7%, traditional Japanese confectionery, 41% - beef and rice.

TURKEY

Turkey surpasses all countries in terms of harvest forest nuts, cherries, dates, apricots, quince and pomegranates. Also, the Turkish Republic ranks second in the collection of watermelons, cucumbers and chickpeas, the third - in the collection of tomatoes, eggplants, green peppers, lentils and pistachios. Fruit and nuts are exported from this country for 3.8 billion dollars a year. In 2014, Turkey's total exports reached $157.6 billion, a record high for this country.

GERMANY

About 70% of commercial agricultural products in Germany come from animal husbandry. Among them pig breeding and cattle breeding. The latter, by the way, makes up 2/5 of all marketable agricultural products, and about 1/4 falls on milk. At the end of last year, Germany's foreign supplies increased by 6.4% and amounted to 1.195 trillion euros.

FRANCE

France is largest exporter agricultural products. The country ranks first in Western Europe for production grain, milk, sugar beet, the second - for the production meat, potatoes and grapes. In terms of foreign trade turnover (58 billion dollars), France is in fourth place in the world.

RUSSIA

At the end of 2015, agricultural production in Russia increased by 3.5%. The country is the third largest exporter in the world grain. Last year it amounted to 31 million tons. A quarter of vegetable oil from all production volumes is also exported from the country. Russian caviar is famous all over the world, in addition to it, honey is also an exclusive Russian product, the export of which is growing year after year.

The number of cows is strictly taken into account in our country and abroad, since these animals are of particular value in agriculture. economic activity. In many states, the cultivation of cattle occupies a leading position in agriculture. From the main products obtained - meat and milk - you can get secondary ones - such as sour cream, cheese, butter, kefir, sausages. This list is far from complete. The demand for such products is quite large and continues to grow along with the number of livestock in the world.

World cow population statistics

Almost all countries of the world are engaged in animal husbandry - someone is more active, and someone is not very active. The livestock of cattle can also include such animals as yak, Indian buffalo and other less famous species. They have similar physiology and different countries domesticated species of bulls are called cattle.

Animal tour spawned modern look KRS. It is very difficult to answer the question of how many cows there are in the world according to the latest data, since this figure is changing rapidly. At the beginning of 2017, there were approximately 1.3 billion heads.

The domestication of animals began in Asian countries, and specifically in North India. Domestication of cows in Europe occurred much later. It wasn't easy. Compared to goats and sheep, aurochs were difficult to succumb to man. KRS was a "supplier" of milk and meat.

Country ranking

The leader in the number of cattle is India, but beef production is not developed there, since religion prohibits the use of cows for food. Despite everything, it is noticeably the leader in the world ranking - over 50 million heads. The cow in this country is a sacred animal, but some residents eat beef. In addition, dairy breeds are bred.

In the European Union, the livestock is 23.5 million, and it is in second place. But here the population is much smaller. Brazil came in third. This is approximately 20.7 million heads of livestock. Every year there is a noticeable increase. In this country, many farmers breed cows, and special farms are opened to raise calves.

Fourth place

The United States can be put in fourth place in terms of the number of cattle - 9.3 million. The main number of farms is located in the western part. They pay attention to the production of meat and skins. Huge herds find their food on pastures and only in the cold season receive additional food in the form of feed. China claims the fifth place. There are approximately 8.7 million heads here. The reason for the low position in the ranking is that the country prefers small cattle, and cattle are mainly used as draft animals.

And although the first place is given to India, there cows mostly just live near people. And the huge livestock is due only to the ban on killing cows. Obtaining milk and related products is the predominant activity in the country associated with cattle. While, for example, in America, cows are kept specifically for the production of beef and skins. Animals occupy large tracts of land and gather in huge herds. But in some Asian countries, cattle are used as pack and draft animals.

Russian statistics

Russian animal husbandry is strengthening its position thanks to the commercial sector. Compared to previous years, the volume of agricultural products in 2017 increased markedly. The number of cattle in Russia is made up of dairy and dairy and meat breeds. However, in recent years there has been a serious reduction in this category, while there has been an active increase in the number of beef cattle.

In the Russian Federation, the following leaders in terms of livestock in the field of cattle breeding are noted:

• Bashkortostan (last year 2016 showed the largest livestock, as a percentage of the whole country it is 5.8%);
• Tatarstan (the number of heads has increased markedly and in 2016 amounted to 5.3% of the total cattle in the country);
• Dagestan (slightly behind the second place and gaining 5.2%);
• Altai Territory breaks away a little, but gains 2.7% for 2016;
• The Rostov region accounted for 3.1% of the total livestock in Russia.

Other regions

All other regions of the country are also actively engaged in animal husbandry, but the top five have been the largest leaders for several years. However, the lag in other regions is not too large. The smallest percentage for 2016 is the Irkutsk region - 1.6%.

The density of distribution of cows in Russia, given its vast territory, is not the same. These animals are not at all adapted to living in the regions of the Far North. The main herds live in the south of the country, as well as in its central and Far Eastern parts. It is there that the most juicy grasses and water meadows are located. Accordingly, the livestock in these areas is the largest.

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The branch of agriculture - animal husbandry - is ubiquitous. In terms of its importance, it ranks second after crop production. The main countries of distribution of cattle breeding play important role in providing the world's population with food. The main areas of animal husbandry include: cattle breeding, pig breeding, sheep breeding.

animal husbandry

Australia, Oceania

There are countries of distribution of cattle breeding in Oceania. New Zealand is very developed. This country is the largest exporter of dairy products.

The plains in western Australia do not receive sufficient moisture to fully feed a large cattle. But for sheep breeding, these are just ideal conditions. The continent is one of the three leaders in the world in terms of the number of sheep. It ranks first in the export of wool and lamb.

Europe

The main livestock countries in Europe suffer from limited agricultural land. Germany, Denmark, the Netherlands, England have up to 80% of the share of livestock in the agricultural sector.

Dairy and beef cattle are mainly bred. Some countries pay great attention to pig breeding: Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands. Sheep are also bred in Europe. The leaders are Spain and England.

Crop production in the bulk is designed to meet the needs of animal husbandry in feed. That is why most of the fertile land is occupied. Limited areas force livestock breeders to use intensive livestock breeding methods.

Asia

In Asia, the main countries of cattle breeding are concentrated in the monsoon climate zone - southern and East End region and western regions. Cattle breeding prevails, it develops on an extensive basis (due to an increase in livestock, and not the introduction of new technologies).

Countries with non-Muslim populations - Japan, Korea, China, Vietnam - cultivate pig breeding. China holds the first place in the world in terms of the number of pigs. Animal husbandry is designed to satisfy internal needs countries.

Africa

The continent occupies a special geographical position. Climatic conditions, the presence of vast natural pastures and fertile lands create favorable conditions for any type of agricultural activity. Confident farming requires land reclamation.

Africa's main cattle breeding countries are eastern Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. The level is low, the stock does not have a good genetic potential. Kenya has pastures suitable for the development of sheep breeding. With proper organization, this industry may well become the leading one in the country's economy (with an increase in the number of sheep in a few years to 6 million heads).

They practice a distant-pasture system of raising livestock. Feeding is not accepted. Cattle and sheep are constantly on the farm. Plant growing is in no way connected with animal husbandry and does not provide it with a forage base.

Animal husbandry in developed countries uses intensive farming methods to further flourish. This helps them maintain their leading positions both in terms of the number of livestock and the volume of products produced.

The population of the Earth is growing, along with it the level of consumption of meat is growing. Currently, the world export of beef is more than seven million, pork - more than one million, lamb - more than eight million tons.

The main exporters of beef - the most demanded type of meat - are Argentina, Brazil, Australia, Canada. The main importers are Russia, Japan, Korea, USA.

Animal husbandry is the second most important branch of agriculture after crop production, providing the population with food, and industry with raw materials. Animal husbandry is closely related to crop production. The basis of animal husbandry is cattle breeding - cattle breeding. The world number of cattle is about 1.3 billion heads. This industry provides humanity with almost all milk and a third - with meat. Pastoralism is distributed relatively evenly across regions of the world, but the level of its productivity and specialization in different natural areas are not the same. In the forest and forest-steppe zones temperate zone cattle are bred mainly for dairy and meat production. Dairy cattle breeding dominates in suburban and other areas with a high population density. The content of animals here is mainly stall and pasture stall. In arid areas, where transhumance and nomadic cattle breeding is widespread, the meat direction prevails. Most of livestock (almost 60%) are in developing countries. Pig farming is the main supplier of meat in the world. Nearly a billion pigs are raised annually. There are meat (bacon) and lard pig breeding. Meat pig breeding is more widespread. It develops in areas of potato growing and sugar beet growing. Pig farming is done in Europe, East Asia and America. China is the world leader in raising pigs. Sheep breeding is the third leading branch of animal husbandry, producing wool, astrakhan fur, sheepskin, meat, lard, and milk. This is one of the traditional and most extensive industries in agriculture. The annual number of sheep is about 1.2 billion heads. Several breeds of sheep are bred for different purposes. Australia has the largest number of sheep New Zealand. There is meat-and-wool, wool, fat-tailed (fat-producing) sheep breeding. Among the wool, fine-fleeced, semi-fine-fleeced, karakul are distinguished. The highest quality wool is produced by fine-wool sheep breeding, which is developed in desert and semi-desert regions (China, Argentina, Iran, Uzbekistan). Particularly valuable karakul (skins of newborn sheep) are supplied by the countries of Central and Western Asia. Close to sheep breeding is the breeding of goats. Basically it has local meaning, with the exception of breeding angora goats that produce mohair. Among the branches of animal husbandry, poultry farming is developing at a high pace. Large highly mechanized poultry farms are located not far from cities and grain regions. Birds are bred here for eggs and meat. Fishing is a very ancient craft of mankind. It is still an important branch of the world economy. In fresh waters, 1/10 of the world fish production is caught, the rest - in the oceans and seas. Fishing is developed in many states. But almost half of the world's fish catch comes from six countries: Japan, China, Russia, the USA, Chile, Peru. Due to the catastrophic reduction of commercial fish stocks in the oceans, humanity is moving from fishing to fish farming. This is not only fishing, but also fish breeding, increasing and improving the quality of fish stocks in natural reservoirs ( different types sturgeon, salmon, herring), as well as in special artificial reservoirs (bream, carp, crucian carp, silver carp, etc.). The most significant achievements in the cultivation of fish, the cultivation of other seafood in Japan. Among other branches of animal husbandry, camel breeding, horse breeding, reindeer breeding, cultivation of silkworm, rabbit breeding, beekeeping, fur farming. They have a limited distribution. Unreasonable farming causes great harm to the nature of the Earth. For example, only one pig farm produces hundreds of tons of liquid waste, which significantly pollute water bodies. To improve soil fertility, agricultural land is irrigated or, conversely, drained, fertilized, etc. It is not always justified land improvement work that often irrevocably changes natural complexes. So, ill-conceived irrigation leads to soil salinization, excessive drainage causes accelerated land erosion and fires in peatlands. Conclusions: Animal husbandry, like crop production, provides the population with food, and industry - with raw materials. The main branches of animal husbandry are cattle breeding, pig breeding and sheep breeding. The result of imperfect agricultural practices is pollution environment and changing natural complexes.