When they salute. Military salute, or which hand is used to salute. Why is military honor given with the right hand?

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MILITARY ETIQUETTE: I have the honor! To salute means to show respect to a person of higher rank. It has been established that in different time this was done different ways
. And there are many versions of the origin of this ritual.

Many believe that the tradition of the modern military salute, or salute, originates on the island of Great Britain. In many armies of the world, junior ranks greeted senior ranks by removing their hats, and this was, in fact, the case in the British army, but by the 18th-19th centuries, soldiers’ headdresses had become so bulky and “complicated” that this greeting was reduced to a simple touch of the visor.

WHERE THE CUSTOM CAME FROM The greeting we know is believed to have taken shape in 1745 in the Coldstream Regiment, an elite guard unit of the Queen of England's personal guard. In the regimental regulations of the guards it was written: “Personnel are ordered not to raise their hats when they pass by an officer or address him, but only to press their hands to their hats and bow.” In 1762, the charter of the Scots Guards clarified: “Since nothing disfigures a headdress and contaminates the lacings like removing a hat, in the future, personnel are ordered to only briefly raise their palm to their hat when passing an officer.” Such an innovation caused some resistance, but, as we see, it still took root. Wherein great importance given to the fact that during a military greeting they do not bow their heads or lower their eyes, this means: military personnel of different ranks - free people

serving one state. By the middle of the 19th century, the military greeting in Great Britain had undergone new changes: the hand raised to the headdress (more precisely, to the right eyebrow) is facing outward with the palm. In the USA, the hand is brought forward slightly, as if closing the eyes from the sun, and the palm looks at the ground. The American gesture was influenced by the traditions of the British Navy: back in the days sailing ships sailors used pitch and tar to seal cracks in the wooden parts of the ship so that they would not leak. At the same time, the hands were protected with white gloves, but showing a dirty palm was undignified, so in the navy the greeting hand turned 90 degrees down. The military salutes the same way in France. In Tsarist Russia, the military saluted with two fingers (this tradition still remains in Poland), and in Soviet and modern Russian army honor is given with the entire palm facing downwards, and middle finger looks at his temple.

HONOR?! NOBODY!

But there are other opinions. By the way, let us emphasize a detail that is worth paying attention to: if earlier the ritual was called “giving military honor,” today the military regulations seem to return us to the requirements of noble knights: “soul to God, life to the fatherland, heart to the lady, honor to no one.” !" It sounds very pompous, and it is, to put it mildly, difficult to apply to the army with “hazing” and other delights. However, the ritual of giving military honor still exists. And it arose back in the 13th century among the knights. If, when meeting in an “open field,” they had no intention of engaging in battle, then they raised the visors of their metal helmets. And although they were later replaced by helmets, cocked hats, hats and the like, the custom of raising a hand to the head as a sign of friendliness remained. When meeting each other, the knights lifted the visor of their helmet with their right hands to show that their friend’s face was hidden behind the armor. Raising their hand to their headdress, modern military personnel repeat this gesture, paying the traditional duty of politeness to their older (and younger) colleague in uniform.

And again - the role of a beautiful lady.
There are those who believe that the custom of giving military honor in the armies of the world is associated with the name of the famous pirate Francis Drake.

"I'M BLINDED!"

Having completed in 1577-1580. circumnavigating the world, Drake sent a letter to Queen Elizabeth describing his exploits. Interested in the pirate's personality, and even more interested in the treasures he had looted, the queen visited Drake's ship. When she climbed on board, Drake, pretending to be blinded by her beauty (according to contemporaries, Elizabeth was extremely ugly), shaded his eyes with his palm.
Since then, in the English fleet, this gesture allegedly began to be used to salute...

LEFT OR RIGHT?

This may be true, but most likely it is just a beautiful legend, although it has many supporters. However, let us see whether the need to salute does not entail inconvenience.

According to etiquette, a man should walk to the left of a woman, since the place on the right is considered honorable. If a woman takes a soldier by the arm, he must be on her right in order to be able to military greeting. About 200-300 years ago, men did not leave the house without weapons. Each one had a saber, rapier or dagger hanging on his left side. On the left - in order to quickly and more conveniently grab the weapon from the sheath with the right hand. To prevent the weapon from hitting his companion’s legs when walking, the gentleman tried to walk to the left of his lady.

In general, it is correct for a man to walk on the left, because people here often move to the right, and it is better for the person you meet to accidentally hit you with his shoulder, and not your companion. Only the military does not obey this rule when they are in uniform. In order to give a military salute and not hit your companion with your elbow, the soldier’s or officer’s right hand must be free. Therefore, it is more convenient for them to walk on the right rather than on the left.

THEY DON'T PUT A HAND TO THE EMPTY HEAD?

In the Russian army, honor is given only when wearing a headdress, but in the American army... In America, honor is given not “to an empty head,” but in any case. It's all about the story. It should be taken into account that in the USA the traditions of the army of the Northerners (as winners) have been preserved mainly, which was created from volunteers, often dressed, at first, in ordinary clothes and did not have combat habits. Hence the salutation without military uniform and headdress, which sometimes simply did not exist. Accordingly, when the uniform appeared, honor was given by placing a hand on the head, regardless of the presence of a headdress.

Times changed, morals changed.
Officers or soldiers who carried a sword or saber, no matter whether mounted or on foot, saluted by raising the weapon, bringing the handle closer to the lips, then moving the weapon to the right and down. This form of greeting dates back to the Middle Ages and is associated with religion, when a knight would kiss the hilt of his sword, symbolizing the Christian cross. Then it became a tradition when taking an oath.

Raising your hand in greeting instead of taking off your hat meant practical significance. As the soldiers lit the fuses of their muskets, their hands became dirty with soot. And removing the headdress with dirty hands meant rendering it unusable. Therefore to end of the XVIII centuries, honor began to be given by simply raising one’s hand.

In the imperial period, saluting included not only raising the hand to the headdress, but also a variety of bows, curtsies and other elements, depending on the rank of the person being met and the meeting place.

Even those people who are very far from the army and military service and have nothing to do with it are well known military greeting ritual. In the language of encyclopedias, a military salute is a greeting from military personnel or armed forces units different countries, established in accordance with governing documents.

The military salute is referred to as military rituals, traditions or military etiquette. Previously, the military salute was also called a salute, a salute, a salute, and it can also be designated by the word “trump.” At the same time, there are a sufficient number of hypotheses for the origin of this army ritual.

According to one version The military greeting came to us from the Middle Ages, being a knightly tradition. When meeting with each other, the knights raised the visor of their helmets with a movement of their hands to show that their friend’s face was hidden under it (this version does not take into account the fact that all the knights had their own coats of arms on their shields, clothes, flags, this was enough to the friend managed to identify the friend).

According to another version By raising the visor of their helmet, they demonstrated their peaceful intention. This was done with the right hand to show that the knight was not yet ready to start the battle and did not have aggressive intentions. Such a gesture seemed to indicate that “there is no weapon in my right hand now.”

At the same time, the peoples who were deprived of heavily armed cavalry (Mongols, Indians who inhabited North America), the welcome salute consisted of a simple display of the open right hand. The most romantic version of the appearance of the military greeting is also attributed to the era of chivalry. With this gesture, the knight at the tournament closed his eyes, protecting himself from the dazzling beauty of the beautiful lady of his heart, who was watching his performance.

But, most likely, the military greeting in the form in which we know it today appeared in Great Britain. The version that such a greeting originated in the British Isles in the 18th century is documented by military regulations. In those years, in many armies of the world, junior military ranks, when greeting their senior ranks, took off their hat or other headdress. This was the case in the UK, but over time, headgear, especially in elite units, became very bulky, so that the salute was reduced to the usual raising of the hand to the headgear and touching the visor.

The greeting known to all of us first took shape in 1745 in the regiment of the Coldstream Guards - elite unit personal guard of the Queen of England. At the same time, the military’s equipment was constantly changing, and the gesture was slightly transformed.

Over time, even the very touch of the headdress with the hand disappeared. According to one version, replacing the removal of headdresses with simply raising your hand to them may be associated not only with heavy and bulky headdresses, but also with the widespread firearms. First samples small arms it was difficult to call them perfect. The soldiers' hands were almost always stained with soot, since they had to set fire to the oppressive muskets, and their hands also got dirty when reloading small arms. Thus, dirty hands covered in soot could cause damage to the headdress when trying to remove it for greeting.

Military salute in Great Britain

At the same time, in the military greeting of any army in the world, they do not lower their eyes or bow their heads, which speaks of mutual honor, regardless of ranks, ranks or ranks. There is also no question of which hand is used to salute in the army. Always right. At the same time, the hand gesture itself and the turn of the palm may differ slightly in different countries of the world.

For example, starting from the 19th century, in the British Army, the hand raised to the right eyebrow was facing outward with the palm. This greeting has been preserved in the army and air force, at the same time in the royal navy since the days of sailing ships, when the hands of sailors were stained with tar and tar, and showing dirty palms was undignified; during a military salute, the palm was turned down. Exactly the same greeting was accepted in France.

IN American army the greeting could have been taken from English navy. At the same time, in the USA, during a military salute, the palm is turned down, and the hand, which is moved slightly forward, seems to shield the eyes from the sun. In the Italian army, the palm is placed above the visor in front.

For many, it may be a revelation that in the German army during the Second World War, soldiers and officers did not “zig” right and left, as can often be seen in feature films. Throughout almost the entire war, Wehrmacht units adopted a standard military salute with the right hand raised to the head, which was prescribed in the regulations. The introduction of the party or Nazi salute in the Wehrmacht occurred only on July 24, 1944, immediately after the unsuccessful assassination attempt on Adolf Hitler, which was organized by officers.

IN Russian Empire Until 1856, the military salute was not performed with the entire palm, but only with the index and middle fingers. To this day, this greeting has been preserved in the Polish armed forces. Since 1856, after completion Crimean War, in the army of Tsarist Russia, and then Soviet army And in the modern Russian army, the military salute is given with the entire palm. The middle finger looks at the temple, lightly touching the visor of the uniform cap. This, by the way, is where the synonyms for giving military honor or a military salute arose - to take the salute, to salute, etc.

Currently, the rules of military salutation in Russian Federation are also mandatory for persons who have already been discharged from military service when they wear military uniforms. In the Russian Armed Forces, the military salute is performed with the fingers of the right hand closed and the hand straightened. Unlike the armies of some other states, with the head uncovered, the military salute in the Russian army is performed without raising a hand by means of the serviceman taking the line position.

Military salute in Poland

When moving in formation, the military greeting is carried out as follows: the guide puts his hand to the headdress, and the formation presses his hands at the seams. All together they take a marching step and turn their heads as they pass by the commanding officers they meet. When passing towards units or other military personnel, it is enough for the guide to perform the military salute.

At the same time, in the Russian army, when meeting, a junior in rank is obliged to greet the senior in rank first, and a senior in rank may perceive failure to perform a military greeting during a meeting as an insult. If the serviceman is not wearing a headdress, the greeting is performed by turning the head and assuming a combat position (body straightened, arms at sides).

But not in all countries a military salute to senior ranks is the duty of a serviceman. For example, in modern units of the Israel Defense Forces, the procedure of saluting upon seeing a senior in rank is mandatory only during the course of a young soldier. In all other cases, the military salute is not an obligation, but is the right of the serviceman. In parallel with this, prisoners in Israeli military prisons (an analogue of the domestic guardhouse) are completely deprived of this right.

Military salute in Russia

In all countries, the military salute is given exclusively with the right hand. The question of which country salutes with the left hand usually arises when high-ranking government officials, due to inexperience or oversight, violate the rules of military salutation, which are either an unshakable tradition or enshrined in regulations. A serious difference in a military salutation is not what hand is used to salute, but only the presence or, conversely, the absence of a headdress on the soldier during this military ritual.

The well-known expression today “you don’t put your hand to an empty head” in Russia is usually remembered in the same context with the tradition of military greetings in the United States. In the American army, it is not mandatory for a soldier to wear a headdress when raising his hand to his head. Historians justify this difference as follows. During civil war North and South (1861-1865) the northerners won. History, as we know, is written by the winners, who form certain traditions. Unlike the Southern army, the Union army that won the war was composed primarily of volunteers. Many of these volunteers, especially initial stage war, were dressed in civilian clothes. From this we can conclude that the rank and file of the northern army sometimes had no headdresses at all - hence the tradition of military greetings, regardless of whether the soldier had a headdress on or not.

Military salute in the USA

At the same time, a military greeting, which looks organically in Peaceful time, during hostilities fades into the background or even further. In many conflicts of the 20th century, statutory conventions and military chain of command posed a threat to the lives of senior officers. IN popular culture This is well reflected in the American films Saving Private Ryan and Forrest Gump, in which there are episodes where soldiers are reprimanded by more experienced comrades for giving the military salute to their commanders. During combat, this helps enemy shooters and snipers determine their priority target.

Why is military honor given with the right hand?

The norms and rules of military etiquette are very diverse. They are based on the principles of morality, the provisions of the military oath and military regulations, military traditions and rituals. However, the manifestation of heroism in extreme situations and another – daily compliance with the requirements of military etiquette. Some of them seem small and therefore unimportant. For example, a military salute. Let us emphasize a detail that is worth paying attention to: if earlier this ritual was called “giving military honor,” today the military regulations seem to return us to the requirements of noble knights: soul to God, life to the fatherland, heart to the lady, honor to no one.
One of the ancient military rituals that has survived to this day is the giving of military honor. In the tsarist army, 2 fingers were applied to the military headdress, in the Soviet and Russian - the palm. This tradition arose in the 13th century among the knights. When, upon meeting in an “open field,” they had no intention of engaging in battle, they raised the visors of their metal helmets. And although they were later replaced by helmets, cocked hats, hats, etc., the custom of raising a hand to the head as a sign of friendliness remained. When meeting each other, the knights, with a movement of their right hand (and many of us, as before at that time, were right-handed) raised the visor of their helmet to show that the face of a friend was hidden behind the armor. Raising their hand to their headgear, modern military personnel repeat this gesture, paying a debt of politeness to their colleague in military uniform.
A serviceman whose service takes place in the city has many contacts with other people on the street, in public transport, in shops and others. in public places. With the fast pace of city life, rush during rush hours, and crowded streets, he needs reasonable and optimal behavior in a wide variety of street situations. According to etiquette, a man should walk to the left of a woman, boss or elderly man, since the place on the right is considered honorable when two people are walking down the street. If a woman takes a soldier by the arm, he must be on her right in order to be able to give a military greeting. About 200-300 years ago, men did not leave the house without weapons. Each one had a saber, rapier or dagger hanging on his left side. On the left in order to quickly and more conveniently grab the weapon from the sheath with the right hand. And even until the end of the last century, officials were required to wear a sword in their uniform. And the sword also hung on the left side. To prevent the weapon from hitting his companion's legs when walking, the gentleman tried to walk to the left of the lady. This has become a custom. Now only military personnel carry weapons, and even then not always. Still, it is correct for a man to walk to the left of a woman, because people here often move to the right, and it is better for the person you meet to accidentally hit you with his shoulder, and not your companion. You, as the stronger one, must protect her. But only the military does not obey this rule when they are in uniform. In order to give a military salute to the oncoming military and not touch your companion with your elbow, the soldier’s or officer’s right hand must be free. Therefore, it is more convenient for them to walk on the left rather than on the right.
There is a beautiful legend that one pirate, seeing the English Queen Elizabeth, covered his eyes with his hand: “I am blinded by the beauty of your Majesty.” And that it was from this time that the custom began - to salute with the hand.

Military etiquette has its own norms and rules, and they are quite diverse. They have been formed over the centuries under the influence of historical factors, so they may differ depending on the country where the person serves. military profession. The fundamental influencing factors in this regard should be considered the provisions of the military regulations adopted in a particular state, which, in turn, are based on military rituals and traditions of a given people, his moral and ethical values.

The person who decided to carry military service, must be prepared for the fact that it consists not only of showing courage and heroism while performing dangerous tasks in extreme situations. Military service also implies daily strict adherence to the strict requirements of the regulations, one of the provisions of which is the military salute. There are no and cannot be trifles in the military regulations; each of the requirements prescribed there is important to fulfill in accordance with certain rules. Therefore, it is so important to understand the question of which hand the Russian military salutes with and how exactly this should be done so as not to discredit the Russian army in the eyes of the population by ignorance of the basic rules of military etiquette.

Military salute: versions of the origin of the tradition of saluting with the right hand

Giving military honor is a tradition that has its roots in the deep past. For this reason, there are several versions of what exactly its appearance was connected with. Let's start with one of the most common. According to this theory, the ritual arose during the time of the knights, more specifically, in the 13th century. It is well known that these warriors wore heavy armor, in particular, they almost always had a bulky metal helmet on their heads. If a meeting with an enemy took place under such circumstances that the knight could not or did not want to engage in battle, then he raised the visor of his helmet, while making a characteristic gesture with his right hand, for the simple reason that it was convenient to do so. In this way, he exposed his face so that a potential enemy could be convinced of the absence of aggression on his part. In one of the readings of this version, the knight raised the visor of his helmet so that the person he met on his way would recognize him by his face, and the fact that the gesture was made with his right hand without a weapon in it meant that he was not ready for battle and had no warlike intentions. With the right hand, namely with the palm open to the opponent, those peoples whose armed forces did not have heavy cavalry - the North American Indians and the Mongols - demonstrated their peace-loving sentiments.

The knight's armor was replaced by another military uniform- more convenient and easier, - and the gesture of friendliness adopted by the knights was entrenched, and to this day it is important to show mutual respect between people related to military affairs. Its semantic load has not changed fundamentally: it is still a demonstration of a polite, non-aggressive attitude towards a colleague.

It must be admitted that the theory of the origin of the tradition of saluting associated with knights has one small inconsistency. In those days, each of them had clothes equipped with tribal symbols. By it you could easily find out who was in front of you, and the knight did not need to raise the visor of his helmet for this.

There is a romantic hypothesis, also dating back to knightly times. According to her, by raising his hand to his eyes, the knight taking part in the tournament for the heart of a beautiful lady, symbolically covered them from the brilliance of her incomparable beauty.

The next two theories of the origin of ritual are more prosaic and related to at different stages development of military affairs. The fact is that during the Renaissance, military headdresses were very magnificent, one might even say, bulky. This was justified by the circumstances that the commander of the troops could only recognize the location of a group of his subordinates on the battlefield by such voluminous decoration. In those days, it was generally customary for military personnel to salute with a bow of the head. To prevent the shako or plume from flying off, it was removed or held by hand. As military uniforms were simplified, the greeting ceremony became simpler - all that remained was the movement of the hand to the headdress.

Many military historians adhere to the hypothesis that the first to salute by touching the visor of the headdress were members of the British armed forces, starting around the 17th century. Over time, this gesture replaced the removal of the hat as a demonstration of respect for juniors to elders, since this headdress became so bulky that it was simply inconvenient and even burdensome.

How people salute in different countries - modern times

Military science has developed since then, and in different historical contexts. Therefore, while the essence of the military greeting remains unchanged, in the armed forces various states honor is given in different ways.

In the American military, according to the rules, salute must be given only when both hands are not occupied with anything. This is a strict requirement of military etiquette in the United States - so much so that if the greeting cannot be carried out in this way, then it is abandoned altogether. It is customary for American troops to salute with the right hand, with the fingers tightly closed, the palm turned down, and the hand itself extended slightly forward, as if covering the eyes.

An almost similar gesture is currently used by the Israeli military; the only slight difference is that the phalanx of the middle finger should almost touch the edge of the right eyebrow. However, the fundamental difference here is not in the form, but in the conditions of providing a military greeting. In the Israeli forces, this is more a right than a duty of a soldier.

As for the Russian armed forces, it is relevant here this moment are the following rules regarding this military ritual. Firstly, all Russian citizens, without exception, who are in military service or have already been discharged from it, are required to salute, provided that they are wearing a military uniform.

The gesture with which the Russian military salutes is in itself no different from the military salute adopted in a number of modern states. The difference lies again in the conditions under which this gesture is acceptable. It's about that Russian military personnel do not put their hand to their bare heads in greeting. According to the regulations, the military salute in this case will consist of taking a military position, namely: arms along the body, body straightened as much as possible.

If the military moves in formation, then only the guide puts his right hand to the headdress, everyone else turns their head towards the senior ranks as they pass by them.

The order in which the military greeting is given in the ranks of the Russian army is obvious: the youngest in rank or subordinate gives the honor first. The rules of the charter are mandatory, and the military is responsible for non-compliance with them.

A military salute or salute is a gesture or other action used to show respect by members of the military. The history of saluting in the military goes back hundreds of years. The military traditions of different countries and times were extremely diverse. Hand gestures, rifle and cannon shots, hoisting of banners, removal of headdresses and other means were used, all to show respect and deference.

There is a beautiful legend about the first fireworks.

Sir Francis Drake, a legendary sailor and pirate, in 1588, while receiving Queen Elizabeth of England (far from the standard of beauty) on his ship, pretended to be blind from her beauty, covering his eyes with his palm, and, supposedly, this tradition was born.

According to another version, more plausible, the knights, when meeting, raised the visor of their helmet with their unarmed hand, thereby greeting their comrades. Today it is believed that the modern gesture of saluting in the army has its roots in the second. Over time, placing the right hand on the headdress has become mandatory to express respect in all regular (and not only) armies of the world.

Interesting! Modern military honoring comes from Great Britain, as documented by military regulations.

How they salute in the armies of the world: diversity of traditions

In Britain, a military salute is a show of respect to the highest ranking officer and to the Queen on whose behalf he is acting.

Important! A prerequisite for a hand gesture, for example, is the presence of a headdress: beret, cap, etc. Without a headdress (indoors), you should stand at attention.

Prim British etiquette puts forward the most stringent requirements for the criteria for performing the salute. How to salute correctly in the army, the military regulations popularly explain:

• fingers should be pressed tightly together, thumb located along the outward-turned palm, the middle one to the right and slightly above the eyebrows. As a result, the center of the conventional axis of the hand must be fixed at the level of the head, and the middle finger should be approximately level with the base of the cockade;
• salute only with the right hand;
• The position of the hand should be maintained until a response gesture follows.

During combat operations, statutory salutes are generally prohibited, mainly due to the threat of snipers. At the same time, we should not forget about common sense, after all, saturated with officers military base through a short time will turn into a booth, if there are no exceptions here.

The salute in the French army is generally identical to the British one. The armies of Australia and New Zealand also inherit the army etiquette of their former mother country. In the US Army, they practice saluting with their heads covered and uncovered, provided that their hands are free. The Israeli army practically believes that it is not worth burdening soldiers with such rituals during barracks life, so it does not oblige anyone to anything.

How did they salute in the Russian army?

The Russian army was created in a European manner, adopting everything, including statutory traditions and military etiquette. Emperor Peter I, its direct creator, was guided by Prussia, Austria, Sweden and other leading military powers of that time. In the imperial army, the military salute was called salutation, and the matter was not limited to one gesture of removing the hat; when meeting a colleague or superior, a military man had to perform a whole series of bows and curtseys in order to express deep respect to him, depending on the social status. The location (street or room) during the salute also played an important role.

With the advent of massive headdresses in the Russian Imperial Army, such as a helmet and a shako, fastened with a strap at the chin, removal and bowing became extremely problematic, namely long and awkward. It was decided to abandon them and replace them with the fireworks that have long been accepted in Europe bladed weapons or by moving your hand towards the headdress.

Parallel for a long time got along and existed, side by side different variants saluting in the army. However, the need finally arose to reform and unify this part of military etiquette. Saluting by placing one's hand on the headdress has gained increasing popularity due to its simplicity and clarity. Thus, a universal form of ritual was found. Initially, among officers, preference was given to “trumping” with two fingers of the right hand, the middle and index, the so-called “Polish” greeting; this tradition has been preserved in the Polish Army to this day. The origins of this movement are easily guessed by the simple gesture of removing a hat, when these two fingers were placed on top of the brim, and the big one supported the headdress from below.

In the Russian Empire of the second half of the 19th century new form saluting by holding a brush to the visor of a headdress became a cultural norm. However, the straightened fingers of the hand should be brought to the visor with the palm down, which was recorded in the military regulations of the 1891 edition in this way:

• the banner should be saluted at attention;
• the crew should salute by moving the hand towards the headdress;
• The commander should be greeted by bringing the hand to the headdress with straightened fingers, palm down and slightly outward, keeping the elbow at shoulder level, while the gaze should be on the commander and follow him with the eyes;
• When saluting, a military man should not take off his hat in front of anyone.

Honor was supposed to be given to superiors, members of the royal family, colleagues, the regimental banner, etc. All officers, and all lower ranks without exception, when meeting, were supposed to greet each other by putting their right hand to the visor.

After the revolution, the Soviet government significantly reduced the ritual of saluting in the Red Army, but retained historical background. After the collapse Soviet Union, in the Russian Federation the military is faithful to traditions, so they teach soldiers how to salute in the army, following the model of 1975, although the expression “to salute” itself, due to various socio-cultural reasons, has become an anachronism and is practically not used.