Who did Mayakovsky meet? Death of Mayakovsky: the tragic ending of the poet

In Ladimir Mayakovsky did not immediately begin to write poetry - at first he was going to become an artist and even studied painting. The poet's fame came to him after meeting the avant-garde artists, when David Burliuk met the first works of the young author with delight. Futuristic group, "Today's lubok", "Left front of the arts", advertising "Windows ROSTA" - Vladimir Mayakovsky worked in many creative associations. He also wrote to newspapers, published a magazine, made films, created plays and staged plays based on them.

Vladimir Mayakovsky with his sister Lyudmila. Photo: vladimir-mayakovsky.ru

Vladimir Mayakovsky with his family. Photo: vladimir-mayakovsky.ru

Vladimir Mayakovsky as a child. Photo: rewizor.ru

Vladimir Mayakovsky was born in Georgia in 1893. His father served as a forester in the village of Baghdadi, later the family moved to Kutaisi. Here the future poet studied at the gymnasium and took drawing lessons: the only artist from Kutaisi, Sergei Krasnukha, studied with him for free. When the wave is first Russian revolution came to Georgia, Mayakovsky - as a child - for the first time participated in rallies. His sister Lyudmila Mayakovskaya recalled: “The revolutionary struggle of the masses also influenced Volodya and Olya. The Caucasus experienced the revolution especially acutely. There, everyone was involved in the struggle, and everyone was divided into those who participated in the revolution, who definitely sympathized with it and were hostile. ".

In 1906, when Vladimir Mayakovsky was 13 years old, his father died from blood poisoning: he injured his finger with a needle while sewing together papers. Until the end of his life, the poet was afraid of bacteria: he always carried soap with him, took a folding basin on his travels, carried a cologne for rubdowns, and carefully monitored hygiene.

After the death of his father, the family found itself in a difficult situation. Mayakovsky recalled: “After my father’s funeral, we have 3 rubles. Instinctively, feverishly, we sold out tables and chairs. We moved to Moscow. What for? There weren't even acquaintances. "... In a Moscow gymnasium, the young poet wrote his first "incredibly revolutionary and equally ugly" poem and published it in an illegal school magazine. In 1909-1910, Mayakovsky was arrested several times: he joined the Bolshevik Party, worked in an underground printing house. First, the young revolutionary was given “on bail” by his mother, and for the third time he was sent to prison. Mayakovsky later called the confinement in solitary confinement "11 Butyr months." He wrote poetry, but the notebook with the lyrical experiments - "stilted and revolting," as the author estimated them, was taken away by the guards.

In conclusion, Mayakovsky read many books. He dreamed of a new art, a new aesthetics, which would be radically different from the classical. Mayakovsky decided to study painting - changed several teachers and a year later entered the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. Here the young artist met David Burliuk, and later with Velimir Khlebnikov and Alexei Kruchenykh. Mayakovsky again wrote poetry, from which his new comrades were delighted. The avant-garde authors decided to unite against the "old-fashioned aesthetics", and soon a manifesto of a new creative group appeared - "A Slap in the Face to Public Taste".

David has the anger of the master who has overtaken his contemporaries; I have the pathos of a socialist who knows the inevitability of the collapse of old stuff. Russian futurism was born.

Vladimir Mayakovsky, an excerpt from the autobiography "I myself"

Futurists spoke at meetings - read poetry and lectures on new poetry. For public speaking, Vladimir Mayakovsky was expelled from the school. In 1913–1914, the famous futurists' tour took place: a creative group with performances toured Russian cities.

Burliuk rode and promoted futurism. But he loved Mayakovsky, stood at the cradle of his poetry, knew his biography to the smallest detail, knew how to read his things - and therefore, through the butads of David Davidovich, Mayakovsky's appearance appeared so material that he wanted to touch him with his hands.
<...>
Upon arrival in the city, Burliuk first of all arranged an exhibition of futuristic paintings and manuscripts, and in the evening he made a report.

Poet-futurist Pyotr Neznamov

Vladimir Mayakovsky, Vsevolod Meyerhold, Alexander Rodchenko and Dmitry Shostakovich at the rehearsal of the play "The Bedbug". 1929. Photo: subscribe.ru

Vladimir Mayakovsky and Lilya Brik in the film "Chained by the Film". 1918. Photo: geometria.by

Vladimir Mayakovsky (third from left) and Vsevolod Meyerhold (second from left) at a rehearsal of the play "Bath". 1930. Photo: bse.sci-lib.com

Vladimir Mayakovsky was interested not only in poetry and painting. In 1913 he made his theater debut: he himself wrote the tragedy "Vladimir Mayakovsky", he staged it on stage and played the main role... In the same year, the poet became interested in cinema - he began to write scripts, and a year later he first appeared in the film "Drama in the Futurists' Cabaret No. 13" (the picture has not survived). During the First World War, Vladimir Mayakovsky was a member of the avant-garde association "Today's Lubok". Its participants - Kazimir Malevich, David Burliuk, Ilya Mashkov and others - drew patriotic postcards for the front, inspired by traditional popular popular print. Simple colorful pictures were created for them and short poems were written in which the enemy was ridiculed.

In 1915, Mayakovsky met Osip and Lilya Brik. The poet later noted this event in his autobiography with the subtitle "the most joyful date". Lilya Brik for many years became Mayakovsky's lover and muse, he dedicated poems and poems to her, and even after parting continued to confess his love. In 1918, they starred together for the film "Chained by the Film" - both in the lead roles.

In November of the same year, the premiere of Mayakovsky's play Mystery-Buff took place. It was staged at the Musical Drama Theater by Vsevolod Meyerhold, and designed in the best traditions of the avant-garde by Kazimir Malevich. Meyerhold recalled working with the poet: "Mayakovsky was well versed in very subtle theatrical, technological things that we know, directors who usually study for a very long time in different schools, practically at the theater, etc. Mayakovsky always guessed every right and wrong stage decision, just as a director."... "Revolutionary folk performance", as translator Rita Wright called it, was staged several more times.

A year later, the tense era of "ROSTA Windows" began: artists and poets collected hot topics and released propaganda posters - they are often called the first Soviet social advertising... The work was intense: both Mayakovsky and his colleagues had to stay late or work at night more than once in order to release the party on time.

In 1922, Vladimir Mayakovsky headed the literary group "Left Front of the Arts" (later the "left" in the name was changed to "revolutionary"), and soon the eponymous magazine of the creative association. On its pages were published prose and poetry, pictures of avant-garde photographers, bold architectural projects and news of "left" art.

In 1925, the poet finally broke up with Lilya Brik. He went on tour to France, then went to Spain, Cuba and the United States. There Mayakovsky met the translator Ellie Jones, a short but stormy romance broke out between them. In the fall, the poet returned to the USSR, and in America he soon had a daughter, Helen-Patricia. After returning from the United States, Vladimir Mayakovsky wrote the cycle "Poems about America", worked on the scripts of Soviet films.

Vladimir Mayakovsky. Photo: goteatr.com

Vladimir Mayakovsky and Lilya Brik. Photo: mayakovskij.ru

Vladimir Mayakovsky. Photo: piter.my

In 1928-1929, Mayakovsky wrote the satirical plays The Bedbug and The Bath. Both premieres took place at the Meyerhold Theater. The poet was the second director, he oversaw the design of the performance and worked with the actors: he read fragments of the play, creating the necessary intonations and placing semantic accents.

Vladimir Vladimirovich was very fond of all kinds of work. I went to work with my head. Before the premiere of "Bath" he was completely exhausted. I spent all my time in the theater. He wrote poetry, inscriptions for the auditorium for the production of "Baths". He himself watched their hanging. Then he joked that he was hired at the Meyerhold Theater not only as an author and director (he worked a lot with actors on the text), but also as a painter and carpenter, since he himself painted on and nailed something. As a very rare author, he was so eager and ill with the performance that he participated in the smallest details of the production, which, of course, was not at all part of his author's functions.

Actress Veronica Polonskaya

Both plays caused a stir. Some viewers and critics saw in the works a satire of bureaucracy, while others - a criticism of the Soviet system. "Bath" was put on only a few times, and then banned - until 1953.

The loyal attitude of the authorities towards the "main Soviet poet" was replaced by coolness. In 1930, for the first time, he was not approved to travel abroad. Official criticism began to violently attack the poet. He was reproached for satire in relation to phenomena allegedly defeated, for example, the same bureaucracy, and bureaucratic delays. Mayakovsky decided to hold an exhibition "20 years of work" and present the results of his many years of work. He took it himself newspaper articles and drawings, arranged books, hung posters on the walls. The poet was assisted by Lilya Brik, his new beloved actress Veronika Polonskaya and an employee of the State Literary Museum Artemy Bromberg.

On the opening day, the guest room was overcrowded. However, as Bromberg recalled, none of the representatives of literary organizations came to the opening. And there were no official congratulations to the poet on the 20th anniversary of his work either.

I will never forget how in the House of Press at the exhibition of Vladimir Vladimirovich "Twenty Years of Work", which for some reason was almost boycotted by "big" writers, we, several people from Smenovites, literally spent days on duty near the stands, physically suffering from how sad and stern walked with his face through the empty halls of the big one, tall man clasping his hands behind his back, he walked back and forth, as if expecting someone very dear and more and more convinced that this dear person would not come.

Poetess Olga Berggolts

The lack of recognition was compounded by personal drama. Vladimir Mayakovsky, in love with Polonskaya, demanded that she leave her husband, leave the theater and live with him in new apartment... As the actress recalled, the poet then arranged scenes, then calmed down, then again began to be jealous and demand an immediate decision. One of these explanations became fatal. After the departure of Polonskaya, Mayakovsky committed suicide. In his dying letter, he asked the "comrade government" not to leave his family: “My family is Lilya Brik, mother, sisters and Veronika Vitoldovna Polonskaya. If you give them a bearable life, thank you. ".

After the death of Mayakovsky, the entire archive of the poet went to the Briks. Lilya Brik tried to preserve the memory of his work, wanted to create a memorial room, but constantly ran into bureaucratic obstacles. The poet was almost never published. Then Brick wrote a letter to Joseph Stalin. In his resolution, Stalin called Mayakovsky "the best and most talented poet Soviet era". The resolution was published in Pravda, Mayakovsky's works began to be published in huge circulations, and the streets and squares of the Soviet Union were named after him.

The vulgarity, without challenging it in life, challenged it in death. But lively, agitated Moscow, alien to petty literary disputes, stood in line to his grave, not organized in this queue by anyone, spontaneously, by itself recognizing the unusualness of this life and this death. And lively, agitated Moscow filled the streets on the way to the crematorium. And the lively, agitated Moscow did not believe his death. He still does not believe.

Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky is a talented and one of the most famous poets of the 20th century. Interesting Facts about Mayakovsky will tell about the versatility of his personality. This man, without exaggeration, had a huge artistic talent. But some events of his fate have remained a mystery to this day.

1. Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky was born in Georgia.

2. Three times in his entire life Mayakovsky was arrested.

3. This poet enjoyed tremendous success among women.

4. Despite her marriage to another man, Lilya Yurievna Brik was the main muse and woman in Mayakovsky's life.

5. Officially, Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky was never officially married, but he had two children.

6. Pope Mayakovsky died of blood poisoning. And it was after this tragedy that Mayakovsky himself was always afraid of catching an infection.

7. Constantly with him Mayakovsky carried a soap dish and regularly washed his hands.

8. The invention of this man is a poem, which is written "ladder".

10. Mayakovsky liked to play billiards and cards, which makes it possible to judge his love for gambling.

11.In 1930, Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky shot himself, having written a suicide note 2 days earlier.

12. The coffin for this poet was made by the sculptor Anton Lavinsky.

13. Mayakovsky had two sisters and two brothers. The first brother died completely small age, and the second - at 2 years old.

14. Personally, Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky starred in several films.

16. The pedigree of Mayakovsky's parents went back to the Zaporozhye Cossacks.

17. Mayakovsky always treated the elderly with kindness and magnanimity.

18. Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky always gave money to the old people in need.

19 Mayakovsky liked the dogs very much.

20. Mayakovsky created the first poems at a young age.

21. Mayakovsky usually wrote poetry on the go. Sometimes he had to walk 15-20 km to come up with the right rhyme.

22.The body of the deceased poet was cremated.

23.Brik Mayakovsky bequeathed all his own creations to the family.

24 Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky was considered an accomplice anti-religious campaign where he promoted atheism.

25. For the creation of the "ladder", many other poets accused Mayakovsky of cheating.

27. Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky had a daughter from a Russian emigrant Elizabeth Siebert, who died in 2016.

29. While in prison, he never stopped showing his complex character.

30. Mayakovsky was considered an ardent supporter of the revolution, even though he defended socialist and communist ideals.

31. Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky did not like futurists.

33.Mayakovsky's creations were translated into different languages the world.

34. Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky was born into a family of mixed estates.

35. Due to the fact that Mayakovsky's parents did not have money, the boy finished his studies only until the 5th grade.

36. Mayakovsky's main needs were travel.

37. The poet had many not only admirers, but also enemies.

39. Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky committed suicide at the age of 36, and he prepared for it for a long time.

40. Mayakovsky met the liberal-democratic intelligentsia while studying at the gymnasium in Kutaisi.

41 In 1908, Mayakovsky was expelled from the Moscow gymnasium due to a lack of money from his family.

42. Mayakovsky and Lilia Brik never hid their relationship, and Lilia's husband was not against such an outcome of events.

43 Mayakovsky's bacteriophobia developed after the death of his father, who pricked himself with a pin and introduced the infection.

44 Brik always begged Mayakovsky for expensive gifts.

45. Mayakovsky's life was associated not only with literature, but also with cinema.

46. ​​In large publications, Mayakovsky's creations began to be published only in 1922.

47. Tatyana Yakovleva - another beloved woman of Mayakovsky, was 15 years younger than him.

48. The witness of the death of Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky was Veronika Polonskaya, his last woman.

49. The death of Mayakovsky was only in the hands of Lilia Brik, who received a cooperative apartment and inherited money from the poet.

50. In his youth, Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky took part in revolutionary demonstrations.

52 In 1917, Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky had to lead a detachment of 7 soldiers.

53. In 1918, Mayakovsky had to act in 3 films of his own script.

54. Mayakovsky considered the years of the Civil War to be the best time of his life.

55. The longest journey of Mayakovsky was a trip to America.

56. For a long time, Polonskaya was considered the culprit of Mayakovsky's death.

57. From Mayakovsky was pregnant and Polonskaya, who did not destroy her married life and had an abortion.

58.Dramaturgy also attracted Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky.

59. The poet created 9 screenplays.

60. After the death of Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky, his creations were strictly prohibited.

Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky (July 7 / July 19 ( 18930719 ) , the village of Baghdadi, Kutaisi province (modern Bagdati, Imereti region, Georgia) - April 14, Moscow, RSFSR) - Soviet poet-futurist, playwright, designer, editor of the magazines "LEF" ("Left Front"), "New LEF" and REF.

Biography

Vladimir Mayakovsky was born in the village of Baghdadi in Georgia into the family of Vladimir Konstantinovich Mayakovsky (1857-1906), who served as a third-class forester in the Erivan province, from 1889 in the Baghdad forestry. The poet's mother, Alexandra Alekseevna Pavlenko (1867-1954), from a family of Kuban Cossacks, was born in the Kuban. Mayakovsky's pedigree includes the writer Danilevsky Grigory Petrovich, who, in turn, had common family roots with the families of A.S. Pushkin and N.V. Gogol. In 1902, Mayakovsky entered the gymnasium in Kutaisi. After the death of his father in 1906, Mayakovsky with his mother and sisters moved to Moscow. In 1906, in Moscow, he entered the fifth gymnasium (now Moscow school No. 91), where he studied in the same class with Pasternak's brother Shura. He interrupted his studies in 1908 and took up revolutionary activities.

Thanks to his powerful voice, brilliant artistic ability, powerful stage temperament and incredible charisma, he becomes the clear and unsurpassed leader of all public appearances of the futurists. However, possessing a voluminous bass of a rich timbre, he did not have musical abilities, and could not sing, he only recited.

I want to be understood by my home country,
but I will not understand -
well?!
By home country
I will pass by
how is it going
slanting rain.

The author did not dare to include the poem in the text at that time, but in 1928 he published them as part of a critical article, albeit with an apologetic explanation: “Despite all the romance sensitivity (the audience clutches at handkerchiefs), I pulled out these beautiful, rain-soaked feathers”. There is an opinion that even in the panegyric poem Good, Mayakovsky mocks the ceremonial officialdom. “He rules with a rod, so that he would go to the right. / I'll go right. / Very good." Perhaps this is an involuntary self-parody, but the forerunner of the postmodern "Policeman" Prigov is not excluded. Geniuses are often ahead of themselves.

Now opponents Soviet project blame Mayakovsky for his commitment to the October Revolution. However, the revolution was glorified by Blok, Bryusov, Yesenin, Klyuev, Pasternak (who, however, questioned the expediency of the revolution in the novel "Doctor Zhivago"), Khlebnikov and many, many others who sincerely and enthusiastically accepted the revolution as the kingdom of the third covenant. Such was the general intoxication with revolutionary romanticism, including the great poets who glorify the changes that had begun in the country as a road to a beautiful new world opening before the renewed humanity. Now we can say that the Revolution of 1917 had a colossal romantic charm, brought unprecedented inspiration and renewal to the masses, shaped the lifestyle of tens of millions of young people, and primarily thanks to the work of V.V. Mayakovsky.

In the poem "At the top of his voice" (1930) - the assertion of the sincerity of his path and the hope to be understood in the "communist far away". but mysteriously the poem "Bad" disappeared. Mayakovsky kept all his notebooks. His sharply satirical plays "The Bedbug" and "The Bath" were removed from the repertoire. From the already printed magazine, by order from above, his anniversary portraits were torn out. In addition, a strange package with a revolver came from the Lubyanka.

A reformer of poetic language, rendered big influence on the poetry of the XX century. Especially on Kirsanov, Voznesensky, Evtushenko, R. Rozhdestvensky, K. Kedrov. In the poetry of ironists and postmodernists, it is present as a text originally commented on and interpreted with the opposite meaning.

Committed suicide (shot himself) on April 14, 1930. At one time there were many rumors that it was a murder, but in the 1990s an examination was carried out on the basis of Mayakovsky's things kept in his museum, which came to the conclusion that he himself was shooting. However, no examination can be one hundred percent reliable. The version of suicide was resolutely rejected by Nikolai Aseev, who shouted right from the rostrum: “There is something wrong! He was killed". Perhaps we will never solve the mysterious fuss of the special services around the death of the poet. It is completely incomprehensible why ten days after the interrogation last love the poet Veronica Polonskaya was shot by the investigator who was leading this complicated investigation. Mayakovsky's suicide case was opened the day before his death. There are more questions and hypotheses than reliable facts. In the last poems, the poet undoubtedly says goodbye to life and the reasons for leaving are by no means political "love boat crashed against everyday life." These are not the words of a politician, but of the most tender and subtle lyricist. Rita Rait-Kovaleva, a ninety-year-old translator of The Diary of Anne Frank, said about him best of all: “He was gentle!”. The best epitaph for a poet who strived to be rude all his life, the son of an era.

Whether you, who love women and dishes,
to give life for the sake of?
I'd rather be whores in a bar
serve pineapple water!

To you! (1915)

According to the surviving memoirs of the famous writers of that time V.P. Kataev and Yu. K. Olesha, the last day of Mayakovsky was restored almost every minute. The writers were present in his apartment immediately after the tragic shot and testify that the OGPU employees seized Mayakovsky's brain right in the bedroom for transfer to the brain institute in order to establish biological nature genius.

The uniqueness of the Mayakovsky phenomenon, the unsurpassed scale of his creative personality, his poems, striking in their power of artistic influence, are closely connected with the October Revolution. The most powerful, spiritual, devoted and furious singer of the Revolution and Lenin was one of the founders of the Soviet literary classics, a new revolutionary word. As Pushkin is indisputably considered the creator of the new Russian literature and poetry of the 19th century, so Mayakovsky is recognized as the founder of Soviet revolutionary aesthetics, the first creator of the romantic, legendary image of V.I.Lenin. Mayakovsky, by the power of his talent, made the events of which he was a contemporary - the First world war, February revolution, October revolution, Civil war, the era of the NEP - epic. Mayakovsky fearlessly turned to his descendants, into the distant future, confident that he will be remembered in hundreds of years:

My verse will break through the bulk of the years
And it will appear weighty, rough, visible,
How the aqueduct entered our days,
Crafted by the slaves of Rome!

It is symbolic that the poet died when it became clear that the Revolution took place, when the most acute historical moments were already behind, life in the USSR was getting better and it became obvious that the course of history was irreversible, and there was no return to pre-revolutionary times. The poet and the Revolution were created for each other, and the fact that there were no more poets and writers of Mayakovsky's scale in the USSR can be explained by the fact that there was no longer an event comparable in historical scale with the October Revolution

Poet and God

The poet embodies the idea of ​​man as the crown of the worldview, who has the right not to reckon with anything and anyone outside of him. A challenge to Heaven is a challenge to God, a directly stated doubt in his omnipotence.

Almighty, you made up a pair of hands
did,
that everyone has a head -
why didn't you invent
so that there is no torment
kiss, kiss, kiss ?!

Cloud in Pants (1914-15)

The reproach to the Almighty turns into a sharp fight against God with extremely blasphemous and at the same time cutting into the minds of images:

I thought you were an omnipotent god
and you are a dropout, you little god.

The work of Mayakovsky, who knew perfectly well Holy Bible, full of quotes and latent references to him, a constant dispute with him.

Cinema

In 1918, Mayakovsky wrote the script for the film Born Not for Money, based on Jack London's novel Martin Eden. The poet himself played the main role of Ivan Nova. Not a single copy of this film has survived.

Links

• Materials of V.V. Mayakovsky Russian State Archives of Literature and Art (RGALI)
• Songs to verses by Mayakovsky Radio Mayakovsky
• Complete Works in the Collection of Classics of the Moshkov Library
• Vladimir Mayakovsky - poetry in the Anthology of Russian poetry
• Vladimir Mayakovsky. How to make poetry?
• Inna Stoessel. Comrade Constantine
• Yuri Zverev. Under a false name

Literature

• Nikolay Aseev. Mayakovsky begins (poem)
• Valentin Kataev. My diamond crown ("About the Commander")
• Yuri Olesha. Vl. Mayakovsky
• Benedict Livshits. One and a half eyed sagittarius
• Iskrzhitskaya I. Yu., Kormilov S. I. Vladimir Mayakovsky. M .: Publishing house of Moscow State University, 1999. (Rereading the classics).
• Alfonsov V.N. In conflict with your favorite art // Words and Colors
• Alfonsov V. N. Poet-painter // Words and Colors
• I.P.Smirnov. The place of the "mythopoetic" approach to a literary work among other interpretations of the text (about Mayakovsky's poem "This is how I became a dog") // Myth - folklore - literature. L .: 1978.S. 186-203.
• Pin L.

Russian poet. In pre-revolutionary creativity, the poet's forced confession, which is forced to shout, perceives reality as an apocalypse (tragedy "Vladimir Mayakovsky", 1913, poems "A Cloud in Pants", 1915, "Spine Flute", 1916, "War and Peace", 1917). After 1917 - the creation of a myth about the socialist world order (play "Mystery Buff", 1918, poems "150,000,000", 1921, "Vladimir Ilyich Lenin", 1924, "Good!", 1927) and a tragically growing feeling of its depravity (from verse. "Lost Sitting", 1922, before the play "Bath", 1929). In the poem "With the Whole Voice" (1930), the assertion of the sincerity of his path and the hope to be understood in the "communist distance". A reformer of the poetic language, he had a great influence on the poetry of the 20th century. Committed suicide.

Biography

Vladimir Vladimirovich (1893-1930), poet.

Born on July 7 (19th NS) in the village of Baghdadi, near Kutaisi, in the family of a forester, a man of advanced views, humane and generous. Studied at the Kutaisi gymnasium (1902 - 06). It was then that I read revolutionary poems and proclamations for the first time. "Poems and revolution somehow united in the head," the poet later wrote.

In a stormy 1905, a twelve-year-old high school student took part in demonstrations and a high school strike.

In 1906, after the sudden death of his father, the family moved to Moscow, where Mayakovsky continued his education. However, he soon took up serious revolutionary work, was arrested three times (in 1909 he was imprisoned in Butyrka prison). Released from prison as a minor in 1910, he decided to devote himself to art, entered the studio of the artist P. Kelin to prepare for exams at the School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, where he began to study in 1911. Here he met D. Burdyuk, the organizer of a group of Russians futurists. From 1912 he began to publish his poems, becoming a professional poet. Published in futuristic almanacs. For participation in public speaking was expelled from the school in 1914.

In the same year, he travels with a group of futurists to seventeen cities in RUSSIA, promoting new art among the masses. However, in his work, Mayakovsky was already independent and original in these years. In 1915 he created his best pre-revolutionary poem "A Cloud in Pants" about the belief in the inevitability of an imminent revolution, which he expected as a solution to the country's most important problems and the determination of his personal destiny. The poet even tries to predict the timing of her arrival ("In the crown of thorns of revolutions // The sixteenth year is coming").

The poems of 1916 sound gloomy and desperate, making up a special cycle ("Tired", "Giveaway", "Darkness", "Russia", etc.).

Gorky invited Mayakovsky to cooperate in the Letopis magazine and the newspaper New life", helped in the publication of the second collection of poems" Simple as a hum. "During these years, Mayakovsky created the poems" War and Peace "and" Man ", which, as it were, presents an anti-war panorama.

He called the October Revolution "My Revolution" and was one of the first figures of culture and art who responded to the call Soviet power cooperate with her; participated in the first meetings and gatherings of representatives of culture. At this time he published "Our March", "Ode to the Revolution", "Left March". The play "Mystery-Buff" was written and staged. During 1919 he worked on the poem "150,000 LLC".

In October 1919 he issued the first posters in the "Windows of ROSTA", which marked the beginning of his work as an artist and poet (until 1921).

In 1922 - 1924 he made his first trips abroad (Riga, Berlin, Paris, etc.), the impressions of which he will describe in essays and poetry.

In 1925 he set off on his longest journey - overseas: he visited Havana, Mexico City and for three months performed in various cities of the United States with the reading of poetry and reports. Later poems were written (collection "Spain. - Ocean. - Havana. - Mexico. - America".) And the essay "My discovery of America."

Trips around his native country were of great importance in the poet's life. In 1927 alone, he performed in 40 cities besides Moscow and Leningrad. In 1927, the poem "Good!"

Drama plays an important role in his work. Created the satirical plays "Bedbug" (1928), "Bath" (1929). In February, Mayakovsky joined the RAPP ( Russian Association proletarian writers), for which many of his literary associates broke off relations with him. On the same days, the exhibition "20 Years of Mayakovsky's Work" opened, which had no success due to the poet's deliberate isolation. His personal life also remained difficult and unsettled. The state of health and mood of Mayakovsky in the spring of 1930 deteriorated sharply.

1893 , 7 (19) July - was born in the village of Baghdadi, near Kutaisi (now the village of Mayakovsky in Georgia), in the family of the forester Vladimir Konstantinovich Mayakovsky. He lived in Baghdadi until 1902.

1902 - enters the Kutaisi gymnasium.

1905 - gets acquainted with underground revolutionary literature, takes part in demonstrations, meetings, gymnasium strike.

1906 - the death of his father, the family moved to Moscow. In August he enters the fourth grade of the Fifth Moscow gymnasium.

1907 - gets acquainted with Marxist literature, participates in the Social Democratic circle of the Third Gymnasium. First verses.

1908 - joins the RSDLP (Bolsheviks). Works as a propagandist. In March he leaves the gymnasium. Arrested during a search in an underground printing house of the Moscow Committee of the RSDLP (Bolsheviks).

1909 - the second and third (in the case of organizing the escape of thirteen political convicts from the Moscow Novinsky prison) arrests of Mayakovsky.

1910 , January - released from arrest as a minor and placed under police supervision.

1911 - was admitted to the figure class of the School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture.

1912 - D. Burliuk introduces Mayakovsky to the futurists. In the fall, Mayakovsky's first poem "Crimson and White" is published.
December. The publication of the collection of futurists "Slap in the face to public taste" with the first printed poems by Mayakovsky "Night" and "Morning".

1913 - the release of the first collection of poems - "I!"
Spring - acquaintance with N. Aseev. Staging of the tragedy "Vladimir Mayakovsky" at the "Luna Park" theater in St. Petersburg.

1914 - Mayakovsky's trip to the cities of Russia with lectures and reading poetry (Simferopol, Sevastopol, Kerch, Odessa, Chisinau, Nikolaev, Kiev). Expelled from the School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture in connection with public appearances.
March – April - the tragedy "Vladimir Mayakovsky" was published.

1915 - moves to Petrograd, which became his permanent place of residence until the beginning of 1919. Reading the poem "You!" (which caused indignation among the bourgeois public) in the artistic basement "Stray Dog".
February - the beginning of cooperation in the magazine "New Satyricon". On February 26, the poem "The Hymn to the Judge" was published (under the title "The Judge").
Second half of February - the almanac "Archer" (No. 1) is published with excerpts from the prologue and the fourth part of the poem "A Cloud in Trousers".

1916 - finished the poem "War and Peace"; the third part of the poem was accepted by the Gorky magazine "Letopis", but banned from publication by the military censorship.
February - the poem "The Spine-Flute" was published as a separate edition.

1917 - finished the poem "Man". The poem "War and Peace" was published as a separate edition.

1918 - came out as a separate edition of the poem "Man" and "A Cloud in Trousers" (second, uncensored edition). Premiere of the play "Mystery-Buff".

1919 - The newspaper "Art of the Commune" published "Left March". The collection "Everything Composed by Vladimir Mayakovsky" has been released. Beginning of Mayakovsky's work as an artist and poet at the Russian Telegraph Agency (ROSTA). Works without interruption until February 1922.

1920 - completed the poem "150,000,000". Speech at the First All-Russian Congress ROSTA employees.
June – August - lives in a dacha near Moscow (Pushkino). The poem "An Extraordinary Adventure ... ".

1922 - the poem "I Love" was written. Izvestia published the poem "Pro-Sitting". The collection "Mayakovsky Mocks" has been released. Drive to Berlin and Paris.

1923 - the poem "About this" is finished. No. 1 of the Lef magazine was published, edited by Mayakovsky; with his articles and the poem "About it".

1925 - a trip to Berlin and Paris. Trip to Cuba and America. Performs with lectures and reading poetry in New York, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Chicago. The magazine "Spartak" (No. 1), dedicated to Mayakovsky, was published in New York.

1926 - the poem "To Comrade Nette - the ship and the man" was written.

1927 - the release of the first issue of the magazine "New Lef" edited by Mayakovsky, with his editorial.

1929 - premiere of the play "Bedbug".
February – April - trip abroad: Berlin, Prague, Paris, Nice.
Premiere of the play "Bedbug" in Leningrad at the branch of the Bolshoi Drama Theater in the presence of Mayakovsky.

1930 , February 1 - opening of Mayakovsky's exhibition "20 years of work" at the Moscow Writers' Club. Reads the introduction to the poem "With the Whole Voice".
April 14 - committed suicide in Moscow.