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How many main parts does the PM consist of? The purpose of the PM, its combat properties, weight and linear data. Loading and unloading weapons

1. Frame with barrel and trigger guard

Trunk- serves to direct the flight of the bullet. Inside, the barrel has a bore with 4 grooves winding from left to top to right. Rifling - serve to impart rotational movement to the pool. The intervals between the grooves are called margins. The distance between two opposite fields in diameter is called - caliber , it is equal to 9 mm.

From the breech, the bore is smooth and of a larger diameter; - it serves to accommodate the cartridge and is called - chamber.

The barrel is connected to the frame with a press fit and secured with a pin.

Frame - serves to connect all parts of the pistol. The frame with the base of the handle is one piece.

The base of the handle is used for attaching the handle, mainspring and for the store.

Trigger guard - serves to protect the tail of the trigger from accidentally pressing it. It has a ridge (lug) at the front end to limit the shutter travel when moving backward.

2. Shutter - serves for:
- a) feeding the cartridge from the magazine to the chamber;
- b) locking the barrel bore when fired:
- c) holding the sleeve, removing the cartridge;
- d) setting the trigger on a combat platoon.

Rice. 26.

a - left side; b - bottom view; 1 - front sight; 2 - rear sight; 3 - window for ejection of the cartridge case (cartridge); 4 - fuse slot; 5 - notch; 6 - channel for placing the barrel with a return spring; 7 - longitudinal projections for guiding the movement of the shutter along the frame; в - a tooth for setting the shutter to the shutter delay; 9 - groove for the reflector; 10 - groove for uncoupling protrusion of the cocking lever; 11 - recess for separating the sear from the cocking lever; 12 - sender: 13 - protrusion for disconnecting the cocking lever from the sear; 14 - a recess for accommodating the uncoupling protrusion of the cocking lever; 15 - trigger groove; 16 - comb

Outside, the shutter has: front sight for aiming; transverse groove for rear sight; a notch between the front sight and the whole to exclude the glare of the bolt surface when aiming; on the right side - a window for ejection of a cartridge case (cartridge); ejector groove; on the left side there is a fuse slot.

Serves to break the capsule. It has: in the front part - a striker, in the rear part - a cut for the safety catch, which holds the striker in the breech channel. The striker is made triangular in order to reduce weight and reduce friction surfaces.

Rice. 27

1 - firing pin; 2 - cut for the fuse

Ejector - serves to hold the sleeve (cartridge) in the bolt cup until it meets the reflector.

Consists of: - hook, heel for connection with the shutter;

- oppression;
- ejector spring.

Fuse - serves to ensure the safety of handling the pistol.

The rear sight together with the front sight serves for aiming. With its base, it is inserted into the transverse groove of the bolt.

3. Return spring- serves to return the bolt to the forward position after the shot. One turn has a smaller diameter. With this coil, the spring is put on the barrel during assembly to ensure its secure hold on the barrel when the pistol is disassembled.
4. The trigger mechanism consists of: a trigger, a sear with a spring, a trigger rod with a cocking lever, a trigger, a mainspring with a latch.

Rice. 31

1 - trigger; 2 - sear with a spring; 3 - trigger rod with a cocking lever;
4 - mainspring; 5 - trigger; 6 - mainspring latch

Trigger - serves to strike a striker.

Whispered - serves to hold the trigger on the combat and safety platoon.

The free end of the spring is bent in the form of a hook to connect with a slide stop. The sear spring presses the spout against the trigger.

Trigger rod with cocking lever - serves to release the trigger from the combat platoon and cocking the trigger when pressing the tail of the trigger.

Trigger - serves to release the trigger from the combat platoon and cocking the trigger when firing self-cocking.

Action spring - serves to actuate the trigger, cocking lever and trigger. It has: a wide feather for the trigger; narrow feather for action on the cocking lever and trigger pull; in the middle part - a hole for putting the spring on the lug with a threaded hole in the base of the handle. The lower end of the mainspring is the magazine latch. The combat spring is attached to the base of the handle with a latch.

5. The grip with the screw covers the side windows and the rear wall of the grip base and serves for the convenience of holding the pistol in the hand.
6. Shutter delay- keeps the bolt in the rear position after all cartridges from the magazine are used up. It has: in the front part - a ledge to hold the shutter in the rear position; knurled button to release the shutter by pressing the hand; in the rear part - a hole for connection with the left sear pivot; in the upper part - a reflector for reflecting the outside of the sleeves (cartridges) through the window in the shutter.
7. Magazine - serves to store 8 rounds.

Rice. 39

1 - store building; 2 - feeder; 3 - feeder spring; 4-- magazine cover

It consists of a body, a feeder, a feeder spring and a cover.

Frame store connects all parts of the store.

Serves for feeding cartridges. It has two bent ends that guide its movement in the magazine body. On one of the bent ends of the feeder, on the left side, there is a tooth for activating the slide delay when all cartridges from the magazine are used up.

Rice. 41

1 - folded ends; 2 - tooth

Feeder spring serves to feed up the feeder with cartridges when firing.

PM - Makarov pistol, caliber 9 mm (GRAU index - 56-A-125) is a self-loading pistol developed by the Soviet designer Nikolai Fedorovich Makarov in 1948. Introduced into service in 1951. It is a personal weapon in the Soviet and post-Soviet armed forces and law enforcement agencies.

PM pistol - video

A pistol designed by Nikolai Fedorovich Makarov was adopted to replace the "TT", which did not meet the new requirements of the army for personal short-barreled weapons. During the Second World War, soldiers and officers of the Red Army gained vast experience in the combat use of personal short-barreled weapons, both domestic and captured, of various designs and manufacturers. The advantages, disadvantages and various features of most combat pistols of that time were identified. In particular, clashes at short and ultra-short distances, close combat in urban conditions showed an insufficient stopping effect of the bullet of the cartridge used in the standard TT pistols, in comparison with the more effective 9 mm cartridges of the German Parabellums and Walters, as well as several significant shortcomings of the weapons. For example, the TT did not provide a sufficient degree of safety in handling due to the lack of a safety mechanism, in addition to the safety cocking of the trigger, which did not allow you to safely carry a pistol with you when it was in full combat readiness. TT also had a fairly large length.

Its simple trigger mechanism worked only in single-action mode, while the best German captured pistols had a double-action trigger, allowing you to safely carry a pistol with a cartridge previously sent into the chamber, and the owner of the weapon could instantly open fire. It became obvious that it was necessary to develop and adopt a more advanced model of personal weapons that would meet all the requirements of that time. And, in fact, the officers preferred to go into battle not with a pistol, but with a much more effective submachine gun, using a service TT or a captured Walter only when absolutely necessary, if a more effective weapon refused or simply ran out of cartridges. So even during the war, it was decided to replace the Tokarev pistol with a modern model with higher combat and operational qualities. As a result, not only the requirements for personal weapons were revised, but in general the concept of its use in the active army.

The new pistol was supposed to have smaller dimensions and weight, a trigger mechanism that allows you to open fire without first cocking the hammer, a greater stopping effect of a bullet, greater safety in handling and high reliability of operation in difficult operating conditions. An experienced Makarov pistol was developed at the Tula TsKB-14 (later renamed TsKIB SOO) under the designation TKB-429, just met the above requirements. At the beginning of the search for the best option and the early stage of development work, Makarov designed two versions of his pistol. One chambered for 7.65mm Browning, which gave an advantage in smaller dimensions and weight of weapons, the other - chambered for the more powerful domestic 9 × 18.

The 9 × 18 cartridge was created by engineer Semin before the start of the war. Its prototype was the German 9mm Ultra, developed by the German company GECO, however, having the same sleeve length, these cartridges are not interchangeable, since the bullet diameter of the domestic cartridge is 9.2 mm. In terms of energy and bullet speed, the 9 × 18 (official designation 57-N-181) occupies a niche between the 9mm Short and the 9mm Parabellum, having a larger stopping effect of the bullet than the first one and, at the same time, the possibility of using it in a weapon with a free breechblock in comparison with second. The new Russian 9 mm cartridge was shorter than the standard 7.62 × 25, with a lower muzzle velocity and bullet energy, and less penetrating action. However, due to the larger caliber, it not only had a stopping effect of a bullet no less than that of a more powerful 7.62 mm cartridge, but even surpassed it in this quality. As a result, the choice was made in favor of the more efficient 9mm cartridge.

Makarov worked day and night to create his pistol. According to the designer's recollections: “Suffice it to say that at that time I worked every day, practically without days off, from eight o'clock in the morning to two or three o'clock in the morning, as a result of which I refined and shot samples two or even three times more than my rivals, which, of course, made it possible to perfect the reliability and survivability. " Choosing a scheme of automatic operation using recoil energy with a free shutter, the designer made the weapon small, relatively light, very reliable in operation, easy to maintain and inexpensive to manufacture. In general, the general layout and design of units and mechanisms of weapons were based on the solutions used in the German Walther PP, but at the same time Makarov significantly improved them in several directions: simplification of both the design itself and the handling of the pistol, its maintenance; multifunctionality of parts; increasing the reliability of work in extreme operating conditions; increasing the strength of parts and service life; increasing manufacturability and rates of mass production. The return spring is located around the barrel, making the pistol more compact and lightweight compared to designs in which this spring is located under the barrel.

Makarov managed to almost completely eliminate the delays in firing caused by sticking a cartridge into the feed ramp. The designer managed to achieve an ideal ratio of the height of the upper cartridge, the geometry and inclination of the chamber bevel, the shutter-casing mirror and the ejector design. In the PM, the top cartridge in the magazine is located very high, almost at the level of the chamber, as a result of which, with the other above-mentioned features, the cartridges are fed with a minimum angle and the risk of sticking is minimized. The same Walter PP is very "finicky" to the bullet shape of the cartridges used because of the low position of the upper cartridge in relation to the chamber. The reliability of the PM operation thanks to this design has been proven not only in tests, but most importantly, in real combat operations - in Afghanistan, Chechnya, and other countries where local soldiers were fought and continue to march. The firing mechanism of the hammer type, double action with automatic setting of the trigger to the safety cocking has a much simpler and more technologically advanced design. Descent with warning. The trigger force when firing with the hammer cocked, in single action mode, is 2 kg, and when firing self-cocking - 4.5 kg. The trigger parts are much stronger, more durable, and the mechanism itself is easier to maintain than the one used in the PP pistol. On the left side of the frame is the slide stop lever.

On the left surface of the shutter-casing there is a flag safety lever, when turned on, a blocking striker and safely releases the trigger from the cocking. In the on position, the fuse blocks the sear and the shutter-casing, while the hammer does not touch the striker. The PM fuse is an original design that significantly differs from the Walter PP system, and the only significant similarity is the location. Makarov designed a fuse that is turned off by moving the lever to the lower position, that is, by the natural movement of the thumb of the shooter's hand holding the weapon, while Walter's fuse is turned off by moving the lever up. Sights consist of a fixed front sight, made as part of the shutter-casing, and a rear sight fixed in a dovetail groove with the possibility of making lateral corrections. The magazine latch is located at the bottom of the handle. The pistol consists of only 32 parts.

Incomplete disassembly of PM

PM has good accuracy for a compact pistol. When firing at 25 meters with standard 57-N-181 cartridges, the dispersion radius of R100 is 75 mm, and at 50 meters - 160 mm. At a distance of 10 meters, the dispersion radius is only 35 mm. It should be noted separately one of the design features of the PM - the multifunctionality of parts. For example, a two-sided lamellar combat spring of a complex shape, in addition to its direct and main purpose, also performs the function of a hammer rebound spring by bending its wide feather, and the lower end of the spring is a magazine latch. Some parts, especially the fuse, have a rather complex shape. But later, a change in the production method made it possible to simplify and reduce the cost of the technological process. As a result, Nikolai Fedorovich created a pistol, which is an independent design with a number of original solutions, much more reliable, durable, simple and having a greater service life than the Walther PP taken as a basis.

The competitive tests were attended by pistols F.V. Tokareva, I.I. Rakova, P.V. Voevodin, S.A. Korovin, A.A. Klimova, GV. Sevryugin, S.G. Simanov and A.I. Lobanov, as well as foreign systems such as Walther PP, Mauser HSc, Sauer 38H, Beretta M1934 and FN Browning model 1910/22. The standard pistol was the standard TT. The most severe test was placing the pistols in a pit filled with a slurry of sand and water. In this case, the Makarov sample demonstrated an undoubted superiority in reliability. A pistol designed by N.F. Makarov, according to the results of tests in 1948, was recognized as the best, but it was recommended to make a number of changes to the design. After some revision, the pistol was put into service under the designation PM (Makarov Pistol) in 1951. At the same time, after all the necessary work on improvement and preparation for mass production, its production was established at the Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant back in 1949.

It should be noted that in the initial period of production, in parallel, work was carried out to improve and adapt the design of the pistol to mass production and to develop the most suitable technology. A huge amount of work was done by the designers and technologists of the plant. The identified defects were eliminated, such as a small operational resource, a quick draft of the mainspring and other shortcomings. As a result, the original version of the PM pistol has undergone a number of changes, both internal and external. The experience of combat use in the army and law enforcement agencies testifies to the very high reliability and ease of handling and maintenance of these weapons. Over time, the disadvantages were revealed: a small stopping and penetrating effect of a bullet; small store capacity; narrow handle, with a slight angle of inclination like that of the TT - 102 °, not providing full contact with the palm. Shooters with a low level of training or without regular training firing with the PM demonstrate low accuracy, since it is necessary to get used to its handle and a somewhat peculiar "grip".

When firing from the PM, especially when the bluing is worn out, in side light, the reflection on the front sight is perceived as the absence of its side part. As a result, the shooter turns the weapon in the direction of the light and the bullets fall away from the center. As a disadvantage of the weapon, one can also consider the presence of a manually operated safety switch, which complicates the handling of the weapon. However, at that time, the concept of personal short-barreled weapons of peacetime dominated, that is, light, compact, comfortable, with the necessary accuracy at short distances and not burdensome in everyday wear. In the event of the outbreak of hostilities, personal weapons would no longer be in any way serious and significant on the battlefield. Therefore, the disadvantages of the Makarov pistol were not seriously taken into account, especially in comparison with its advantages.

The very first PMs were produced in Tula in a trial batch of 20 to 30 pieces. The numbers began with "TM", followed by numbers and the year. After that, the production of Makarov pistols was moved to Izhevsk, where in 1949 a trial batch of 5,000 copies was made, with numbers starting with "TM". The frames of early-release pistols (1949 - 1953) are distinguished by a curly front part, and the trigger guard has a protrusion on the right side of the upper edge. The side protrusion of the trigger guard, when pulled down, opened access to the trigger, making it possible to remove it. In 1949, the pistol number was stamped on a rather wide front lower end of the breech-casing. In later versions, the numbers were placed on the left side of the shutter-casing and frame. The slide stop at the bottom had an off lever, also called a tooth.

After the last cartridge was consumed, the shutter-casing became on the slide delay, and at the moment of attaching the loaded magazine, the lever (tooth) of the slide delay, interacting with the inclined protrusion of the window on the left side of the store, released the shutter-casing, sending the cartridge into the chamber. In order to ensure greater safety in handling weapons, the lever providing automatic shutdown of the slide delay was subsequently abolished. Now, in order to release the shutter-casing when the magazine is removed or attached, it is necessary to press the outer protrusion of the shutter delay. Such a decrease in the combat qualities of the weapon, which increases the reloading time, is, of course, a controversial decision, but justified by the practice of operation in the troops. The rear wall of the base of the PM frame handle of the 1949 release with a flat surface does not have a bracket for clamping the mainspring, which is held directly by the handle and the screw. Since 1950, the shape of the rear surface of the handle base has been changed, due to the fact that the fastening of the screw that holds the mainspring and the handle cheeks constantly loosened.

In 1950, the production of the same figured frames began, but with the base of the handle, which had a mount for the mainspring clamp and the clamp itself. Pistols produced in 1949 were equipped with grip cheeks with a diamond-shaped cross-notch on the back surface, the color of which could be either black or brown. The later ones have a smooth back surface, and only red-brown with various shades of it. From the second half of 1953, they began to produce pistols with a modified shape of the trigger and a reduced free travel of the trigger, as well as transitional models with a figured frame, a bracket for clamping the mainspring, and with a trigger guard without a protrusion. In 1954, the configuration of the safety catch lever was slightly changed. In the same year, the production of a new type of frame began, with a thin front part, which is still used today. In 1970, a reduced rate of fire was adopted - from 5000 to 2500 shots. In 1984, in order to ensure more comfortable handling of the weapon, the number of notches on the left surface of the bolt-casing was increased from ten to thirteen. Since 1988, the lever of the safety catch has been manufactured using the method of casting into a mold and subsequent processing by milling. Around 1989, workmanship deteriorated. The shape of the slide stop lever was gradually simplified. The hammer and trigger also began to be made using the same method. The shape of the front of the trigger guard was changed, which began to be made by casting in the 90s. In 1993, the production of pistols with a cast frame was launched.

One of the most important advantages of the pistol, created by Nikolai Fedorovich Makarov, is its reliability in the most difficult operating conditions. This quality has been proven not only during trials and during operation in the active army, but also in harsh combat conditions. The first major military conflict in which the PM took part, in more or less significant quantities, was the Vietnam War. In the incredibly harsh conditions of war in the jungle of Southeast Asia, the Makarov pistol has demonstrated excellent reliability. And then in Afghanistan, with minimal care and the ingress of sand, the PM worked flawlessly. In the First and Second Chechen Warriors, the Makarov pistol again proved its reliability, not letting down the fighters of the Russian Army and Internal Troops at the right time, when the cartridges in the machine gun store ran out, or they had to act in close combat. Former and current officers, veterans of the Afghan war and two Chechen companies, who happened to use their service Makarov pistol in battle, say something like this: “In those conditions when both the pistol and your hands are all muddy, sometimes after a long absence of any care for weapons, I very much doubt that then some foreign pistol would not refuse, and PM saved the lives of many of our fighters. " Of course, when the chamber, the shutter-casing mirror, the frame and shutter-casing slots, the ejector spring are heavily clogged with dirt, delays sometimes occur, but most of them are caused by negligent handling of the weapon and other shortcomings due to the owner's fault.

In the early 1990s, as a result of the collapse of the Soviet Union and a significant reduction in government orders for the army and law enforcement agencies, Izhmeh began manufacturing export versions of the Makarov pistol for the civilian arms market. Such pistols differed mainly in the presence of a rear sight adjustable in two planes and enlarged grip cheeks with protrusions for the thumb. By the mid-1990s. new versions of the PM were presented: IZH-70 chambered for 9 × 18 cartridge with fully adjustable; The IJ70-17A (IZH-70-200), the production of which began in 1994, uses the 9mm Short (9 × 17) cartridge, and its variants IZH-70-100 (chambered for 9 × 18) and IZH-70-300 ( under 9 × 17) differ in magazines with a capacity of 10 rounds; In 1995, a service version, created for security structures, was released, a version of the PM under the designation IZH-71 chambered for the 9 × 17 cartridge, produced in various versions, differing in magazine capacity and sighting devices.

In accordance with the 1997 Law on Weapons, which regulated the use of firearms by private security organizations, Izhmeh established the production of PM chambered for 9 × 17 (9mm Short), the bullet energy of which was 20% less than the standard 9 × 18 cartridge. Such weapons are classified as service weapons. One of the newest versions of the PM is Baikal-442, which is a sports-training modification of the Makarov pistol chambered for 9 × 18. The main differences of this weapon from its prototype are a trigger guard with a front protrusion, a wider grip with a protruding diamond-shaped notch on the front part and grip cheeks with side protrusions for the shooter's thumb. Magazine with two-row arrangement of 10 or 12 rounds. The handle width is 34 mm. On request, it is supplied with a push-button magazine latch located under the slide stop lever and can be equipped with a laser designator and a micrometer as a whole, adjustable in two planes.

In the Russian Federation, according to the Law on Weapons, since the time of the Bolshevik coup, civilians do not have the right to own short-barreled weapons, unlike many European countries, and even more so the United States, with civilized and democratic legislation, where Russian pistols are exported and they are relatively free can buy ordinary citizens or those with a residence permit. As a result, for the domestic market, the manufacturer of Makarov pistols and its various variants, was forced to develop the following products on the basis of the combat PM: an MP-654K pneumatic pistol of 4.5 mm caliber; gas IZH-79-8 and MP-79 for 8 mm cartridge; traumatic 9 mm pistols Izh-79-9T "Makarych" and MP-79-9TM, as well as MP-80-13T chambered for 45 Rubber. Apart from the air gun for shooting sports and gas models, which have proven to be extremely ineffective for self-defense, the most popular are traumatic products that shoot rubber balls.

PM became widespread not only in the Warsaw Pact countries, but also in many countries friendly to the Soviet Union, and later throughout the world. Everywhere, wherever the Makarov pistol was used, its highest reliability and simplicity were noted, as a result of which this weapon became very popular even with a large selection of much more modern and models of the leading weapon firms in Europe and the United States. Makarov's pistols, in addition to the Soviet Army and law enforcement agencies, was in service and manufactured under license in the GDR, Bulgaria, China and the Dominican Republic. After the unification of Germany, the production of PM was established by the famous German weapons manufacturer - Simson. Despite all its advantages, the Makarov pistol by the end of the 1980s did not meet the requirements for personal short-barreled weapons. Due to the widespread use of personal body armor (NIB) in the armies of most countries of the world and the vigorous activity of terrorist organizations, the weapon had to use a powerful cartridge with a high penetrating and stopping effect of a bullet, and have high firepower. In order to create a new, more effective pistol, design work was launched in the "Rook" competition.

The PMM pistol (Makarov Pistol Modernized) chambered for 9 × 18 PMM with a reinforced powder charge and a lightweight bullet with a steel core and a tapered head part became a temporary measure to solve the problem. The pistol itself differs from the prototype in a simpler shape of the breech-casing, enlarged grip cheeks with lateral protrusions for the thumb, as well as an increased capacity magazine with a two-row arrangement of cartridges. Compared to the PM, the PMM pistol has higher combat qualities, which, nevertheless, are inferior to their Western counterparts. Cartridges 9 × 18 PMM are not interchangeable with standard cartridges and cannot be used in weapons chambered for 9 × 18. Due to some confusion, there were problems with breakdowns of standard PM. The PMM has not received wide distribution, and the PYa pistol, which won the Rook competition, cannot yet replace the PM due to financial difficulties. As a result, at present, the Makarov pistol is still a service weapon in the army and the police. Nevertheless, in spite of everything, the Makarov pistol combines the best qualities of a compact personal short-barreled self-defense weapon. It is compact, very reliable, durable, safe, easy to handle and maintain. Despite the small, by modern standards, resource, some PM pistols, mainly produced in the 1960s. with the best workmanship, they have a very large shot and, at the same time, function reliably.

So the Soviet "Makarovs" in shooting ranges have up to 40,000 shots. The resource of the return spring is on average from 5000 to 7000 shots. Modern PMs, as a rule, cannot withstand more than 5000, since they, in fact, are not designed for this. Another example of reliability - one owner of an old combat PM fired only about 52,000 shots from his pistol without a single delay. With proper experience and training, the pistol shows excellent accuracy, even with standard grip cheeks. For example, the author knows the following result - when firing at a distance of 25 meters with a series of five shots, when firing with two hands at a low rate, with Barnaul cartridges with shell bullets, the maximum diameter of the group of hits was 60 mm! Even today, with a huge assortment of the latest and most advanced models from leading manufacturers such as Glock, Beretta, Steyr, Walther, Smith & Wesson and Sig Sauer, many well-versed in weapons people choose the proven, reliable Makarov pistol to protect their lives.

Countless discussions have been held on the suitability of the Makarov pistol as a compact self-defense weapon. In these disputes, as a rule, there are two dominant parties with opposing opinions. Those who consider the PM not a suitable weapon for such an application, given the huge selection of the latest models, cite as seriously justified arguments the presence on the weapon market of a huge selection of the latest models of leading manufacturers, ahead of the Makarov pistol not only in technical and technological terms, but also in the most important in this aspect of the use of qualities. As a comparison, pistols with polymer frames, with double-row or single-row magazines, are usually indicated. Note that the PM is 161 mm long and 30.5 mm wide. Here are a couple of examples. The new ultra-thin Walther PPS for 9mm Parabellum with a single-row magazine for 6, 7 or 8 rounds, having the same length as the PM, but only 23 mm wide! The well-proven Glock 26 of the same caliber, with a double-row magazine with a capacity of 10 or 12 rounds, with a slightly shorter length and width than the PM.

Such as the above, pistols are several times superior to the PM in terms of combat and operational qualities, and they all fire the more effective, most widely used 9mm Parabellum cartridges in the world. It is impossible to disagree with such arguments, especially when you know the features of each of the given pistols. Modern models of about the same dimensions are much lighter, much more convenient to hold and handle than the PM, surpass it in shooting accuracy and firepower. Supporters of the advisability of wearing a Makarov pistol for self-defense point to its high reliability of operation in extreme operating conditions and its simplicity of design. Arguments are given that it is quite possible to learn how to shoot from the PM with very good accuracy, if you practice enough, that it is quite convenient and not burdensome to carry it secretly, and the effectiveness of the cartridges used has been proven by decades of practical use in law enforcement agencies and the armed forces of Russia and the former USSR.

Even now, given that Russian special forces have modern pistols, many prefer the old and proven PM, despite the relatively long length and insufficient smoothness of the trigger, greater weight than modern models and a slightly smaller magazine capacity. However, PM supporters tend to agree that its cartridge is only effective if the adversary does not use personal protective equipment. After all, even not expensive modern lightweight Kevlar body armor perfectly protect against PM shots. But here it should be clarified that with the enemy using the NIB, the Interior Ministry officers do not collide, and the soldiers of the special forces have the opportunity to choose weapons for a more powerful and effective cartridge. But why, today, Makarov pistols are still in very stable and good demand in those countries of the world where citizens have the opportunity to choose any modern compact pistol, like those given in the example? This happens for several reasons. At the same time, it should be clarified that Makarov pistols are most popular in the Baltic countries, other states that were previously part of the USSR, as well as in Eastern Europe in general.

Many of those who purchase a Makarov pistol are former law enforcement officers and are very familiar with this weapon, getting used to it and learning how to shoot it well. The owner of the Makarov pistol about his weapon: “I have a German PM. A very good pistol! In terms of strength, in my opinion, it is not inferior, and probably surpasses the Izhevsk pistols of the times of the USSR. The quality of surface treatment and bluing is noticeably higher than the output of all those countries in which PM was produced. Internal surface finish is excellent. There are no roughness or traces of machining. Shooting accuracy is generally the same as that of most PMs. " However, the fundamental factor when buying a PM is not only its reliability, but also its low cost. A significantly more affordable price often becomes a decisive argument. At the same time, almost all leading experts in the field of personal weapons and their use, including the United States, point to an excellent combination of price and qualities of the weapon itself. The Makarov pistol provides the buyer with the excellent qualities of a compact personal weapon at a very affordable price.

For this reason, PMs are bought both in Western Europe and in the USA, where the level of well-being of the population is higher, and people have the opportunity to acquire much more modern, but also more expensive weapons. Also, do not forget about the huge selection of pistols in the same USA. A resident of California about the popularity of PM: “Makarov is respected in America. I can judge because they are not stale in our stores, they are quickly bought up, despite the availability of almost anything. I don’t know how in other states, it will only appear in the store, after 2 - 3 days it was already taken away. In general, there is an opinion here that Russian weapons are reliable. " In addition, the owner of the PM about his pistol: “Of course, I got used to the PM for two months, until I took aim. But now I wear it every day. In the city, the very thing. Small, 8 rounds in the store and one in the chamber, and most importantly, reliable. I'm not afraid that there will be problems with him. It is psychologically very important to carry a weapon that you trust. " The Makarov pistol, or as it is now called in the USA - Russian Mak, together with the Kalashnikov assault rifle in the West, are the standard of reliable, functional, unpretentious, practical and effective weapons.

An employee of a special unit of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation with extensive combat experience about the Makarov pistol: “Even in spite of his venerable age, he still remains in the ranks, is actively used both in battle and in the shooting range. The classic pistol for civil and police use. Of course, this is not a pistol for target or high-speed shooting, but placing three bullets in the center of a standard target (a circle with a diameter of 10 cm) is not a problem for this "old man". He is capable of more. Some of our PMs allow you to lay five holes in a circle of 6 cm. As for the small stopping effect of a bullet, I can say that this is what individuals say who, at best, kill paper targets and have never fired in a combat situation. It is important to hit the vital organs of the "target", otherwise even a rifle bullet will not guarantee a reliable defeat. Some problems are posed by Pst steel cored bullets, which sometimes ricochet off solid obstacles. In recent years, the situation with ammunition for PM has changed, cartridges with bullets have appeared that have an increased stopping effect and increased penetration. For example, the PPO cartridge for law enforcement agencies allows the use of weapons (pistols and submachine guns) in enclosed spaces, in settlements, with a low probability of dangerous ricochets, due to the absence of a solid core in the pool. There is information about the poor quality of PPO cartridges, unstable characteristics, but the cartridges supplied to our unit do not bring unpleasant surprises and the weapon works like clockwork with them ... "

"I approve"

Head of OVO at Medvezhyegorsk District Department of Internal Affairs

Police Major Danilov Yu.P.

PLAN-CONSPECT

the commander of the SPM OVO at the Medvezhyegorsk District Department of Internal Affairs for fire training with the junior commanding staff of the department.

Theme: Material part, purpose, combat properties of the 9mm PM pistol.

Target: To study with the personnel the purpose, performance characteristics of the 9mm PM pistol.

Time: 14 00 - 16 00

Location :

Study questions:

1. Purpose and combat properties of the PM pistol.

2. General arrangement and operation of parts and mechanisms.

3. Disassembly, assembly, cleaning and lubrication of the gun.

4. Purpose and arrangement of parts and mechanisms of the pistol, cartridges and accessories.

5. Operation of parts and mechanisms of the pistol.

6. Performance characteristics of the 9 mm PM pistol.

Educational literature:

Ministry of Defense of the USSR "RUNNING INSTRUCTIONS 9-mm Makarov pistol (PM)"

PROCESS OF THE LESSON

1. Study question.

The 9-mm Makarov pistol (PM) is a personal weapon of attack and defense and is designed to defeat the enemy at short distances.

Fire from a pistol is most effective at distances up to 50 m. The lethal force of a bullet is maintained up to 350 m. The fire from a pistol is carried out with single shots.

The combat rate of fire of the pistol is 30 rounds per minute.

The weight of the pistol with a loaded magazine is 810 g. 9-mm pistol cartridges are used for firing a pistol. The initial speed of the bullet is 315 m / s.

When firing, cartridges are fed into the chamber from a magazine with a capacity of 8 rounds.

2. Study question. General structure and operation of gun parts

The pistol is a self-loading weapon, since it is automatically reloaded during firing. The operation of the automatic pistol is based on the principle of using the recoil of the free breechblock. The bolt has no clutch with the barrel.

The reliability of locking the barrel bore when fired is achieved by the large mass of the bolt and the force of the return spring. Due to the presence of a self-cocking trigger mechanism in the pistol, you can quickly open fire by directly pressing the tail of the trigger without first cocking the hammer.

Safe handling of the gun is ensured by reliably functioning fuses. The pistol has a safety catch located on the left side of the bolt. In addition, the hammer automatically becomes on the safety cocking under the action of the mainspring after the trigger is released (“rebound” of the trigger) and when the trigger is released.

The hammer under the action of the curved (shock) end of the wide feather of the mainspring is turned at a certain angle from the bolt (this is the “rebound” of the hammer) so that the sear nose is in front of the safety cocking of the hammer.

After the trigger is released, the trigger rod under the action of the narrow feather of the mainspring will move to the rear extreme position. The cocking lever and sear will go down, the sear, under the action of its spring, will press against the trigger and the trigger will automatically engage the safety cocking.

The pistol consists of 7 main parts and mechanisms:

1.frame with barrel and trigger guard;

2. bolt with striker, ejector and fuse;

3. returnable spring;

4. trigger mechanism;

5. handle with screw;

6. shutter delay;

7. shop.

Each pistol comes with an accessory:

Spare store,

Wipe,

Pistol strap.

To fire a shot, you must press the trigger with your index finger. At the same time, the trigger strikes the striker, which breaks the cartridge primer. As a result, the propellant charge ignites and a large amount of propellant gases are formed. The bullet is ejected from the bore by the pressure of powder gases. The shutter, under the pressure of gases transmitted through the bottom of the sleeve, moves back, holding the sleeve with the ejector and compressing the return spring. The sleeve, when it meets the reflector, is thrown out through the shutter window.

The shutter, when retreating to the rearmost position, turns the trigger on the trunnions back and puts it on a combat platoon. Having moved back to failure, the shutter returns forward under the action of the return spring. When moving forward, the bolt rammer moves the next cartridge out of the store and sends it to the chamber. The bore is locked with a free breechblock; the gun is ready to fire again.

To fire the next shot, you need to release the trigger, and then press it again. So the shooting will be carried out until the full use of cartridges in the store.

When all the cartridges from the magazine are used up, the bolt becomes on the slide delay and remains in the rear position.

3. Study question. Disassembly, assembly, cleaning and lubrication of the gun.

Disassembly and assembly of the pistol.

Disassembly of the pistol may be incomplete and complete. Partial disassembly is performed for cleaning, lubricating and inspecting the pistol, complete disassembly for cleaning when the pistol is heavily soiled, after being in the rain or snow, when changing to a new lubricant, as well as during repairs.

Frequent complete disassembly of the pistol is not allowed, as it accelerates the wear of parts and mechanisms.

When disassembling and assembling the pistol, the following rules must be observed:

Disassemble and reassemble on a table or bench, and in the field - on a clean bedding;

Put parts and mechanisms in the order of disassembly, handle them with care, do not allow unnecessary efforts and sharp blows;

When assembling, pay attention to the part numbering so as not to confuse them with parts of other guns.

Partial disassembly of the pistol:

Remove the magazine from the base of the handle,

Separate the shutter from the frame,

Remove the return spring from the barrel.

Assembling the pistol after incomplete disassembly is carried out in the reverse order.

Put a return spring on the barrel,

Attach the shutter to the frame,

Insert the magazine into the base of the handle.

Check the correct assembly of the gun after incomplete disassembly. Turn off the fuse (put the flag down). Move the bolt to the rear position and lower it. The shutter, having moved slightly forward, becomes on the shutter delay and remains in the rear position. Release the shutter by pressing the shutter delay with the thumb of your right hand. The bolt, under the action of the return spring, must vigorously return to the forward position, and the trigger must be on the cocked. Switch on the fuse (raise the flag up). The trigger should be pulled out of the cocking position and blocked.

Complete disassembly of the pistol:

Partially disassemble the pistol,

Separate the sear and slide from the frame,

Separate the handle from the base of the handle and the mainspring from the frame,

Separate the trigger from the frame,

Separate the trigger rod with the cocking lever from the frame,

Detach the trigger from the frame,

Separate the fuse and striker from the bolt,

Separate the ejector from the shutter,

Disassemble the store.

After complete disassembly, the pistol is assembled in the reverse order.

Cleaning and lubricating the gun.

The pistol must always be kept clean and serviceable. This is achieved by timely and correct cleaning and lubrication, careful handling of the gun and proper storage.

The pistol is cleaned:

In a combat situation, during maneuvers and long exercises in the field - every day during a calm battle or in between classes;

After exercises, orders and exercises in the field without shooting - immediately after the end of exercises, orders or classes;

After firing - immediately after the end of firing, the bore and chamber must be cleaned and lubricated; final cleaning of the pistol after returning from firing; in the next 3-4 days, clean the pistol daily;

If the pistol is not in use - at least once every 7 days.

Apply the grease only to a well-cleaned and dry metal surface immediately after cleaning to prevent moisture from affecting the metal.

To clean and lubricate the gun, apply:

Liquid gun grease - for cleaning the pistol and lubricating its parts and mechanisms at an air temperature from +5 to -50 0 С;

Gun grease - for lubricating the barrel bore, parts and mechanisms of the pistol after cleaning them; this grease is used at an air temperature of +5 0 С and above;

RFS solution (barrel cleaning solution) - for cleaning the bore and other parts of the pistol exposed to powder gases;

Rags or paper KV-22-for wiping, cleaning and lubricating the gun;

Oakum (short flax fiber), cleaned of wood, - only for cleaning the bore.

For the convenience of cleaning grooves, cutouts and holes, you can use wooden sticks.

4. Study question. Purpose and arrangement of parts and mechanisms of the pistol, cartridges and accessories.

Frame with barrel and trigger guard.

Trunk serves to direct the flight of the bullet. The inside of the barrel has a bore with four grooves winding from left to top to right. The grooves are used to impart rotational movement to the pool. The spaces between the grooves are called margins. The distance between two opposite fields (in diameter) determines the caliber of the bore; it is 9 mm. Smooth and large bore bore; it serves to house the cartridge and is called the chamber. The chamber has a ledge.

On the breech of the barrel there is a boss for attaching the barrel to the frame post and a hole for the barrel pin. There is a bevel at the high tide and at the bottom of the chamber to guide the cartridge from the magazine to the chamber.

The outer surface of the trunk is smooth. A return spring is put on the barrel.

The barrel is connected to the frame with a press fit and secured with a pin.

Frame serves to connect all parts of the gun. The frame with the base of the handle is one piece.

Handle base serves to fasten the handle, mainspring and store the store.

Trigger guard serves to protect the tail of the trigger from accidentally pressing it. It has a ridge (lug) at the front end to limit the shutter travel when moving backward.

Gate serves to feed the cartridge from the magazine to the chamber, lock the barrel bore when fired, hold the cartridge case (remove the cartridge) and set the trigger to a combat platoon.

Drummer serves to break the primer. It has: in the front part - a striker, in the rear part - a cut for the safety catch, which holds the striker in the breech channel.

Ejector serves to hold the sleeve in the bolt cup until it meets the reflector.

Fuse serves to ensure the safety of handling the pistol.

Whole together with the front sight serves for aiming.

Return spring serves to return the bolt to the forward position after the shot.

Trigger mechanism consists:

from the trigger, whispered with a spring, a trigger rod with a cocking lever, a trigger, a mainspring and a mainspring slide.

Trigger serves to strike a striker.

Whispered serves to hold the trigger on the combat and safety platoon.

Trigger rod with cocking lever serves to release the hammer from the combat platoon and cocking the hammer when pressing the tail of the trigger.

Trigger serves to release the trigger from the combat platoon and cocking the trigger when firing self-cocking.

Action spring serves to actuate the trigger, cocking lever and trigger.

Screw handle covers the side windows and the rear wall of the grip base and serves for the convenience of holding the pistol in the hand.

Shutter delay keeps the bolt in the rear position after all cartridges from the magazine are used up.

Shop serves to accommodate eight rounds.

5. Study question The work of the parts and mechanisms of the pistol.

For the production of a shot, you must turn off the safety catch, cock the trigger and press the tail of the trigger with your finger.

When the trigger is pressed with a finger on the tail of the trigger, the trigger is displaced forward, and the cocking lever, connected to the rear end of the trigger, turns on the rear trunnion of the trigger and rises until it rests against the sear protrusion with its notch; then the cocking lever raises the sear and disengages it from the cocking of the trigger. The release lug of the cocking lever enters the recess of the bolt.

The trigger is released from the sear and, under the action of the wide feather of the mainspring, turns sharply forward on the trunnions and strikes the drummer.

The striker vigorously moves forward and strikingly breaks the cartridge primer; there is a shot.

By the pressure of the gases formed, the bullet is ejected from the bore; at the same time, gases press on the walls and bottom of the liner. The sleeve expands and presses tightly against the chamber walls. The gas pressure at the bottom of the sleeve is transferred to the valve, as a result of which it moves back.

The operation of parts and mechanisms of the pistol after the shot

The shutter from the pressure of the powder gases to the bottom of the liner moves back together with the liner. At the beginning of the backward movement (at a length of 3-5 mm), the bolt, with its protrusion, shifts the uncoupling protrusion of the cocking lever to the right, thereby uncoupling it with the sear (uncoupling occurs).

The released sear is pressed against the trigger under the action of a spring; when the trigger turns back to full, the whisper nose jumps over the trigger cocking and holds it until the next shot.

With the further movement of the shutter back, the release projection of the cocking lever slides along the groove of the shutter; the sleeve, held by the ejector in the bolt cup, hits the reflector and is thrown out through the window in the bolt wall.

The feeder feeds the next cartridge and places it in front of the bolt rammer.

The shutter, having reached the rearmost position, returns to the front position under the action of the return spring; the bolt by the rammer pushes the next cartridge out of the store and sends it to the chamber. When the bolt reaches the extreme forward position and sends the cartridge into the chamber, the ejector hook jumps into the annular groove of the sleeve.

The cocking lever rests against the sear (side), and its release protrusion is located against the recess on the bolt. The pistol is ready for the next shot.

To fire the next shot, you must lower the tail of the trigger and press it again.

When releasing the tail of the trigger

the trigger rod with the cocking lever under the action of the narrow feather of the mainspring moves back, at the same time the cocking lever goes down and with its notch goes under the tab of the sear.

When you pull the tail of the trigger

the cocking lever raises the sear and again releases the trigger from the sear. The next shot is fired.

6. Study question TTX 9-mm pistol PM.

The weight of the pistol with a magazine without cartridges is 730 g.

The weight of the pistol with a magazine loaded with 8 rounds of 810 g.

Gun length 161 mm

Barrel length 93 mm

Gun height 126.75 mm

Barrel caliber 9 mm

Number of grooves 4

Magazine capacity 8 rounds

Cartridge weight 10 g

Chuck length 25 mm

Combat rate of fire 30 high / min.

Bullet muzzle velocity 315 m / s

Purpose and arrangement of pistol parts, accessories and cartridges

Purpose and arrangement of parts of the pistol.

Having mastered the general device of the pistol, the principle of its operation, you can proceed to the study of the purpose and device of its individual parts. The need to study and master this issue is determined by the fact that knowledge of the purpose and arrangement of parts (parts) of a pistol is the basis for studying the work of both individual parts and mechanisms (their interaction), and the entire pistol as a whole. To make it easier to remember the names of the parts of the pistol, it should be borne in mind that they are associated with the purpose of the parts or with their shape, or have historical roots of origin.

1. Frame with barrel and trigger guard(fig. 32).

Trunk serves to direct the flight of the bullet. Inside, the barrel has a bore with four grooves, which give the bullet a rotational movement around its axis. The spaces between the grooves are called margins... The distance between opposite fields (in diameter) determines the caliber of the bore; it is 9 mm. In the breech (rear) part, the bore is smooth and of a larger diameter; this part serves to accommodate the cartridge and is called chamber.

The outer surface of the barrel is smooth; a return spring is put on it.

The barrel is connected to the frame with a press fit and secured with a pin.

Frame serves to connect all parts of the pistol, that is, it is like a skeleton of a pistol. The frame with the base of the handle forms a single unit.

In the front part, the frame has: on top - a rack for attaching the barrel; below - a window for placing the trigger and the ridge of the trigger guard. On the side walls of this window there are trunnion sockets for the trigger trunnions. The rack has: in the upper part - a hole into which the barrel is pressed, on the bottom - a window for the trigger head; on the right - a curved groove for the movement of the front trunnion of the trigger rod. In the rear part, the frame has: from above - protrusions with trunnion sockets for the trigger and sear pins and with longitudinal slots for the direction of the shutter movement (the trunnion sockets for the trigger and the right trunnion socket for the sear have slots); below - a window for the feathers of the mainspring.

In the middle part, the frame has a window for the upper part of the store and a cutout on the left wall for a slide stop.

Rice. 32. Frame with barrel and trigger guard.

a - left side; b - right side; 1 - the base of the handle; 2 - trunk;

3 - rack for mounting the barrel; 4 - window for placing the trigger;

5 - trunnion sockets for trigger trunnions; 6 - curved groove for placement

and the movement of the front trunnion of the trigger; 7 - trunnion sockets for trunnions

trigger and whisper; 8 - grooves for the direction of movement of the shutter; 9 - window for

mainspring feathers; 10 - cutout for the slide delay; 11 - tide with

a threaded hole for attaching the mainspring and handle screw;

12 - cutout for the magazine latch; 13 - high tide with a socket for attaching the trigger

staples; 14 - side windows; 15 - trigger guard; 16 - the comb of the trigger guard;

17 - window for the exit of the upper part of the store.

Handle base serves to fasten the handle, mainspring and store the store. It has: side windows to reduce the weight of the pistol; lower window for inserting a magazine; on the back wall - a lug with a threaded hole for attaching the mainspring using a latch and a handle using a screw; below - a cutout for the magazine latch; in the front wall on top - a tide with a socket for attaching the trigger guard to the frame using an axis.

Trigger guard serves to protect the trigger from accidental pressing. It has a ridge at the front end that limits the shutter travel when moving backward. The trigger guard is pressed against the frame by a spring with oppression located in the socket of the front wall of the handle base.

2. Shutter(fig. 33)

Serves to feed the cartridge from the magazine into the chamber, lock (hence its name) the bore when firing, hold the spent cartridge case (remove the cartridge from the chamber if the shot was not fired) and set the trigger to a combat platoon.

Outside, the bolt has: a front sight for aiming, a transverse groove into which the rear sight is pressed; a notch between the front sight and the whole to exclude reflections of the barrel surface when aiming; on the right side - a window for ejection (extraction) of the cartridge case (cartridge); a groove for an ejector and a socket for an oppressor with an ejector spring; on the left side - a slot for a fuse and two recesses for a fuse holder: the upper one - for the position of the fuse box “protection” and the bottom - for the position of the flag “fire”; on both sides - a notch for easy retraction of the shutter by hand; at the rear end of the bolt there is a groove for the trigger passage.

Rice. 33. Shutter:

a - left side; b - bottom view;

3 - window for ejection (extraction) of the cartridge case (cartridge);

4 - fuse socket;

5 - notch;

6 - barrel bore with a return spring;

7 - longitudinal projections for guiding the movement of the shutter along the frame;

8 - tooth for setting the shutter to the shutter delay;

9 - groove for the reflector;

10 - groove for uncoupling protrusion of the cocking lever;

11 - recess for separating the sear from the cocking lever;

12 - rammer;

13 - protrusion for disconnecting the cocking lever from the sear;

14 - a recess for accommodating the uncoupling protrusion of the cocking lever;

15 - trigger groove;

16 - comb.

Inside the bolt has: a bore with a return spring; longitudinal projections for guiding the movement of the shutter along the frame; a tooth for setting the shutter to the shutter delay; the comb against which the upper cartridge in the store rests; reflector groove; groove for the release lug of the cocking lever; rammer for sending the cartridge from the store to the chamber; a cup for placing the bottom of the sleeve; protrusion for disconnecting the cocking lever from the sear; a recess to accommodate the uncoupling protrusion of the cocking lever when the trigger is pressed; on the right side of the bolt ridge there is a recess designed to disconnect the sear from the cocking lever when removing the bolt from the slide delay when the trigger is pressed; channel (inside the ridge) for placing the striker.

Drummer(fig. 34) is used to break the primer.

It has a striker in the front; in the back - a cut for the fuse, which keeps the striker from falling out of the breech channel. The striker has a triangular shape in order to reduce its weight and reduce friction surfaces.

Rice. 34. Drummer:

1 - striker; 2 - cut for the fuse.

Ejector(fig. 35) serves to hold the sleeve (cartridge) in the bolt cup until it meets the reflector.

Rice. 35. Ejector:

1 - hook; 2 - heel for connection with the shutter;

3 - oppressor; 4 - ejector spring.

It has: a hook that jumps into the annular groove of the sleeve and holds the sleeve (cartridge) in the bolt cup and the heel for connecting to the bolt. In the rear part of the heel of the ejector there is a ledge for placing the oppression head and a recess for the convenience of sinking the oppressor with a wiping projection when separating the ejector from the shutter. The ejector is inserted into the breech slot.

The ejector spring is put on the back of the oppressor (smaller diameter) and they are inserted into a slot in the bolt. Under the action of the spring and oppression, the ejector hook is tilted to the bolt cup all the time.

Fuse(fig. 36) is used to ensure safe handling of the gun.

Rice. 36. Fuse:

1 - checkbox; 2 - retainer; 3 - ledge; 4 - rib; 5 - hook; 6 - ledge.

It has: a checkbox for transferring the safety device from the “protection” position to the “fire” position and vice versa; a latch for holding the fuse in the given position; an axle on which a ledge is made with a shelf for turning the sear and removing the trigger from the combat platoon when the fuse is moved to the “safety” position; a rib for locking the bolt with a frame and a hook for locking the trigger in the “safety” position; a protrusion for the perception of a hammer blow when the fuse is turned on. The fuse is inserted into the corresponding slot of the shutter.

3. Return spring(fig. 37)

Serves to return the bolt to the forward position after a shot (reloading).

Rice. 37. Recoil spring.

One of the outermost coils of the spring has a smaller diameter compared to the other coils. With this coil, the spring is put on the barrel to ensure its retention on the barrel when the pistol is disassembled. The spring put on the barrel, together with the barrel, is placed in the bolt channel.

4. Handle with screw(fig. 38)

Covers the side windows and the rear wall of the grip base and serves for the convenience of holding the pistol in the hand. It has a hole for a screw that secures the handle to the base of the handle; swivel for attaching a pistol strap; grooves for free sliding of the handle onto the base of the handle. A metal sleeve is pressed into the screw hole, which prevents the screw from being unscrewed.

Rice. 38. Handle with screw.

1 - swivel; 2 - grooves; 3 - hole; 4 - screw.

5.Shutter delay(fig. 39)

Serves to hold the bolt in the rear position after all cartridges from the magazine are used up.

Rice. 39. Shutter delay:

1 - ledge; 2 - button with a notch; 3 - hole; 4 - reflector.

It has: in the upper part - a ledge to hold the shutter in the rear position; a knurled button to release the shutter by pressing it with your thumb; in the rear part - a hole for connection with the left sear pivot; in the upper part there is a reflector for reflecting the sleeve (cartridge) outward through the shutter window. The shutter delay is inserted into the front part of the cutout in the left wall of the frame.

6.Shop(fig. 40)

Serves to accommodate eight rounds. It consists of a body, a feeder, a feeder spring and a cover. The magazine is inserted into the base of the handle through the bottom window.

Store building(fig. 41) connects all parts of the store. The upper edges of the side walls of the body are bent inward to keep the cartridges and the feeder from falling out and to guide the cartridges when they are fed into the chamber with the bolt. It has: side windows to reduce the weight of the magazine and to determine the number of cartridges in the magazine; at the bottom - bent ribs for the magazine cover, a projection for the magazine latch, a cutout for free passage of the left wall of the magazine cover, a groove (groove) for the passage of the feeder tooth.

Rice. 40. Shop:

1 - case;

2 - feeder;

3 - feeder spring;

4 - the cover of the store.

Rice. 41. Store building:

2 - bent rib;

3 - ledge;

5 - groove (groove).

Feeder(fig. 42) serves to feed cartridges along the magazine body. It has two bent ends that guide the movement of the feeder along the magazine body. On one of the bent ends of the feeder, on the left side, there is a tooth for activating the slide delay when all cartridges from the magazine have been used up.

Rice. 42. Giver

1 - bent ends;

Rice. 43 Magazine cover

1 - hole;

Shop cover(fig. 43) serves to keep the feeder and its spring from falling out downward. It has a hole for the bent (lower) end of the feeder spring and grooves with which it is pushed onto the bent ribs of the magazine body.

Feeder spring(fig. 44) serves to feed up the feeder with cartridges when firing. The lower end of the spring is bent and serves to lock the magazine cover.

Rice. 44. Feeder spring.

7. Trigger mechanism(fig. 45)

It consists of a trigger, a sear with a spring, a trigger rod with a cocking lever, a trigger, a mainspring and a mainspring slide.

Rice. 45. Details of the firing mechanism:

1 - trigger; 2 - sear with a spring; 3 - trigger rod with a cocking lever;

4 - mainspring; 5 - trigger; 6 - mainspring latch.

Trigger(fig. 46) serves to strike the striker.

Rice. 46. Trigger:

a - left side; b - right side;

1 - knurled head;

4 - safety platoon;

5 - combat platoon;

7 - self-cocking tooth;

8 - ledge;

9 - deepening;

10 - annular recess.

The hammer has: on top - a notched head for cocking the hammer by hand; on the front plane there is a cutout, into which the fuse protrusion is placed to ensure the movement of the trigger to the firing pin when fired; a recess for placing the safety catch when locking the trigger; at the base of the trigger there are two protrusions against which the whisper nose rests: the upper one is a safety platoon, the lower one is a combat platoon; on the sides - trunnions on which the trigger rotates in the trunnion sockets of the frame, and arcuate grooves to reduce mass; on the right - a self-cocking tooth for cocking the trigger with the cocking lever (when firing self-cocking); on the left - a ledge for locking the trigger with a safety catch; below - a depression for a wide feather of the mainspring; on the right in the lower part of the trigger base - an annular recess for placing the heel of the cocking lever. The trigger pins have flats to separate the trigger from the frame.

Whispered(fig. 47) serves to hold the trigger on a combat or safety platoon.

Rice. 47. Whispered:

3 - ledge;

5 - sear spring;

6 - rack.

The sear has: a nose for engaging with the trigger ledges; trunnions on which the sear rotates in the trunnion sockets of the frame; on the left - a tooth for raising the sear by the shelf of the fuse ledge when the fuse is switched to the “safety” position; on the right - a ledge for raising the sear with the cocking lever when the trigger is pressed.

The sear is attached to the left trunnion spring. The fastening of the spring is ensured by embedding one end of the spring in the hole in the sear post. The free end (in the form of a hook) is connected to the slide stop. The spring presses the sear nose to the trigger, and the front part of the slide stop (with the button) to the cutout in the left side of the frame.

Trigger rod with cocking lever(Fig. 48) serves to release the trigger from the combat platoon and cocking the trigger by self-cocking when the trigger is pulled.

The trigger rod has trunnions at the ends. The front one connects to the trigger, and the rear one - with the cocking lever.

Rice. 48. Trigger rod with cocking lever:

1 - trigger thrust;

2 - cocking lever;

4 - uncoupling protrusion;

5 - cutout; 6 - self-cocking protrusion;

7 - the heel of the cocking lever.

The cocking lever has: an uncoupling protrusion, by means of which it is disengaged (moved to the right) from the sear when the shutter moves back; cutout for the protrusion of the sear; self-cocking projection, which cocks the hammer when pressing the trigger tail; the heel on which the narrow feather of the mainspring rests. The heel of the cocking lever is located in the annular groove of the trigger.

Trigger hook(Fig. 49) serves to release the trigger from the combat platoon and cocking the trigger when firing self-cocking.

Rice. 49. Trigger:

2 - hole;

It has: trunnions that fit into the trunnion sockets of the frame; trigger guard hole and tail. The trigger is inserted with its upper part (head) into the window of the frame pillar.

Action spring(fig. 50) serves to actuate the trigger, cocking lever and trigger.

Rice. 50. Combat spring:

1 - wide feather;

2 - narrow feather;

3 - bump end;

4 - hole;

5 - magazine latch.

It has: a wide feather for triggering; narrow feather for influencing the cocking lever and trigger pull; hole for putting the spring on the lug with a threaded hole in the base of the handle. The lower end of the mainspring is the magazine latch. The end of the wide feather of the mainspring is bent to ensure “rebound” of the trigger, that is, a slight turn of the trigger back from the bolt to set the trigger on the safety cocking in the deflated position. The combat spring is attached to the base of the handle gate valve.

Purpose and device of accessory to the pistol.

The accessory to the pistol includes (fig. 51): holster, wiper, spare magazine, pistol strap.

Rice. 51. Belonging to the pistol:

a - holster: 1- case; 2 - cover; 3 - a pocket for a spare store;

4 and 5 - wear loops; 6 - clasp; 7 - wiping loops;

8 - internal auxiliary strap; b - spare store;

c - wiping: 1 - blade; 2 - slot; 3 - ledge; g - pistol

strap: 1 - belt; 2 - carabiner; 3 - loop.

Holster serves for carrying and storing a pistol, a spare magazine and wiping. The holster consists of a body, a cover, a spare magazine pocket, wear loops, fastener, wiping loops and an internal auxiliary strap.

Wiping used for disassembling, assembling, cleaning and lubricating the gun. It has: at one end - a ledge for removing and setting the hook of the sear spring and for sinking the oppression when separating the ejector; a slot for threading rags or tow when cleaning the trunk; on the other - a ring to hold the wiper during cleaning. The ring has a blade for unscrewing (screwing in) the handle screw.

Pistol strap secures the pistol to the waist (trouser) belt. It has a carabiner for connecting a pistol grip with a swivel and a loop for a waist belt.

Cartridge device.

The 9-mm pistol cartridge (Fig. 52) consists of a sleeve, a primer, a powder charge, and a bullet.

Sleeve serves to place the powder charge and connect all parts of the cartridge; during a shot, it excludes the breakthrough of powder gases from the bore through the chamber (obturation). In the bottom of the sleeve there are: a socket for a primer; an anvil on which the capsule is briskly broken; two seed holes through which the flame from the percussion composition of the capsule penetrates to the powder charge. Outside, at the bottom of the sleeve, there is an annular groove for the ejector hook.

Charge consists of smokeless pyroxylin powder.

Capsule consists of a brass cap with a shock compound pressed into it and a foil mug that covers the shock composition. When the striker strikes, the striker ignites.

Bullet consists of a bimetallic (clad) shell, into which a steel core is pressed. There is a lead jacket between the sheath and the core.

Rice. 52. General view of the 9-mm pistol cartridge and its device:

1 - sleeve; 2 - capsule; 3 - powder charge; 4 - bullet;

5 - bimetallic (clad) shell;

6 - steel core; 7 - lead jacket.

Cartridges are sealed in standard ammunition wooden boxes of 2560 pcs. in everyone. The box contains two rolled iron boxes (like canned food), in which cartridges are packed in cardboard boxes, 16 pcs. in a pack. One box holds 80 packs. The weight of one box with cartridges is about 33 kg.

From the book Encyclopedia of Security author Gromov VI

3.2.1. Shelters, their purpose, general arrangement, filling procedure and rules of behavior for people in shelters

From the book Profession of a cook. Tutorial the author Baranovsky Victor Alexandrovich

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PURPOSE, TTX, DEVICE AND PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

MM MAKAROV PISTOL (PM)

9 mm Makarov pistol - is a personal weapon of attack and defense and is designed to defeat the enemy at a short distance.

Most effective fire up to 50 m

Effective rate of fire 30 rds / min.

The initial speed of the bullet is 315 m / s.

The lethal effect of the bullet is maintained up to 350 m.

Cartridge weight 10 g.

Chuck length 25 mm.

Bullet weight 6.1 g.

Magazine capacity 8 rounds

The weight of the PM with a magazine without cartridges is 730 g.

The weight of the PM with a loaded magazine is 810 g.

The length of the PM is 161 mm.

Height 126.75 mm.

Barrel length with a chamber is 93 mm.

Number of grooves 4

Caliber 9 mm.

MM cartridge PM (PMM) 9x18

Rice. No. 1. Fig. No. 2.

The device and dimensions of the cartridge (Fig. No. 1).

Types of cartridges 9x18 mm. (Fig. No. 2).

1. Cartridge with steel core (PM);

2. Cartridge with increased penetration capacity (PMM, PPO);

3. Cartridge with expansive bullet (PE);

The initial speed is 315 m / s. (420 m / s PMM).

Muzzle energy 303 J. (494 j.PMM).

GENERAL DEVICE OF THE MAKAROV PISTOL

Figure No. 3

Rice no. 3

MAIN PARTS AND MECHANISMS OF PM

1. Shutter delay (the upper part is the reflector, the lower part is the shutter delay button).

2. Trigger mechanism:

a) trigger;

b) a trigger with a cocking lever;

c) sear with a spring;

e) mainspring;

f) mainspring valve.

3. Frame with barrel and trigger guard.

4. Shutter: a) drummer; b) fuse; c) ejector; d) oppression; e) ejector spring.

5. Recoil spring.

6. Handle with screw.

7. Shop: a) the building of the shop; b) feeder spring; c) the feeder; d) the cover of the store.

PURPOSE OF PARTS AND MECHANISMS OF PM

Frame with barrel and trigger guard:

barrel - serves to direct the flight of the bullet;

frame - serves to connect all parts of the pistol;

the base of the handle - serves for fastening the handle, mainspring and for the store;

trigger guard - serves to protect the trigger from accidentally pressing it.

Gate- serves to feed the cartridge from the store to the chamber, lock the barrel bore when fired, hold the sleeve in the bolt cup and set the trigger to a combat platoon.

drummer - serves to break the capsule;

ejector - serves to hold the sleeve in the bolt cup until it meets the reflector;

fuse - serves to ensure the safety of handling the gun.

Return spring- serves to return the bolt to the forward position after the shot.

Shutter delay- keeps the bolt in the rear position after all cartridges from the magazine are used up.

Shop- serves to accommodate 8 rounds.

Screw handle- covers the side windows and the rear wall of the grip base and serves for the convenience of holding the pistol in the hand.

Shock - trigger mechanism:

trigger - serves to strike the drummer;

whispered - serves to hold the trigger on the combat and safety platoon;

trigger rod with a cocking lever - serves to release the trigger from the combat platoon and cocking the trigger when pressing the tail of the trigger;

trigger- serves to release the trigger from the combat platoon and cocking the trigger when firing self-cocking;

action spring- serves to actuate the trigger, cocking lever and trigger.

DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY OF PM

There are two types: complete and incomplete. Incomplete disassembly is carried out for cleaning, lubrication, inspection of the pistol. Complete disassembly is carried out for cleaning when the pistol is heavily soiled, after being in the rain, snow, when switching to a new lubricant, during repairs.

To disassemble and assemble weapons, you must:

1. Prepare a place for disassembly and assembly.

2. Place parts and mechanisms in the order of disassembly, handle them with care, avoid excessive force and sharp impacts.

INCOMPLETE DISASSEMBLY PM

3. Detach the shutter from the frame.

Taking the pistol in the right hand by the grip, with the left hand pull the trigger guard downward, skewing it to the left, rest against the frame so that it is held in this position (Fig. No. 8). With your left hand, move the bolt to the rearmost position and, lifting its rear end, allow it to move forward under the action of the return spring (Fig. No. 9). Separate the shutter from the frame and put the trigger guard in place.

4. Remove the return spring from the barrel.

Holding the frame with the right handles and rotating the return spring towards yourself with your left hand, remove it from the barrel (Fig. No. 10).

Reassemble the pistol after incomplete disassembly in the reverse order.

1. Put the return spring on the barrel. Taking the frame by the handle in your right hand, with your left hand, put the return spring on the barrel with the end in which the extreme turn has a smaller diameter compared to other turns.

2. Attach the shutter to the frame. Holding the frame by the handle in the right hand, and the bolt in the left, insert the free end of the return spring into the breech channel and move the bolt to the rearmost position so that the muzzle of the barrel passes through the breech bore and protrudes outward. Lower the rear end of the bolt onto the frame so that the longitudinal projections of the bolt fit into the grooves of the frame, and, pressing the bolt against the frame, release it. Switch on the fuse.

3. Insert the magazine into the base of the handle. Holding the pistol in your right hand, insert the magazine into the grip base through the lower window of the grip base with your thumb and forefinger. Press the magazine cover with your thumb so that the latch jumps over the ledge on the wall of the magazine, and a click will occur. Palm strikes against the magazine are not allowed.

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