Federal programs to support small and medium-sized businesses. Government assistance to small businesses: myth or reality

The state must take care of the well-being of its population. This concern also extends to the wealth of the average citizen. As you know, the number of small and medium-sized businesses in the country greatly affects the level of financial well-being... Therefore, the country should promote the development of small business.

Economic support mechanisms

The mechanisms of economic support that are created for the development of small and medium-sized businesses are divided into two groups: decentralized and centralized. The first type includes various forms and methods of self-regulation of small business, as well as its adaptation to conditions market environment that is constantly changing. These mechanisms can manifest themselves in cooperation between small and large businesses (venture contracts, subcontracting, franchising). In the event that the country has a well-developed market economy, decentralized mechanisms that support small businesses are more effective than centralized ones. In Russia, the underdevelopment of market mechanisms increases the importance of state regulation in the field of small business development.

If we talk about centralized mechanisms, then these include the mayor's office associated with the creation better conditions for small business development. Support and regulation of this area is to stimulate the activities of entrepreneurs by the state, which implies the achievement of certain goals and directions. In order to determine the target guidelines for the development and support of small business, it is necessary to start from the need to combine the interests of small business and entrepreneurship, as well as taking into account the state of the state's economy.

Small Business Development Goals

The main goals set by the state policy in the field of small business development in Russia are:

• Creation of conditions that will facilitate effective entrepreneurial activity;
• Development of small business as a key factor for the development of a competitive environment, as well as the middle class of society;
• Increase in the percentage of employment of the population;
• Increasing the share of small businesses in different areas: gross domestic and regional product, in taxes of local, regional and local budgets.

The system that executes public administration regulation of small business development should correspond to the scale of the tasks that it faces. It must also have substantiated functional, conceptual, programmatic, organizational indicators and characteristics.

Small Business Development Program

In the concept in which socio-economic development is scheduled Russian Federation until the twentieth year, it is said that the promotion of medium and small companies is the main element economic policy country. It should contribute to the development of healthy and beneficial competition for the consumer, as well as improve the financial capabilities of citizens in the future. This concept includes whole complex measures aimed at stimulating the growth of business entities, as well as changing the sectoral structure of medium and small companies:

• Simplification of bureaucratic procedures when running and registering a business;
• Elimination of ineffective state regulation in the field of control and licensing;
• Reducing the number of products that need to be certified;
• Improving the taxation system for small businesses;
• Availability different forms financing for business activities;
• Support for business development programs implemented by other organizations.

Support for small businesses in the regions

The government of our state has created a program that is needed to support small businesses in the regions. It helps to develop business incubators, create guarantee and venture funds, and support export-oriented enterprises.

This program is carried out on a competitive basis and funding is allocated for the following activities:

• Creation and development of business incubators;
• Support for entrepreneurs who work for export;
• Development of lending to small businesses;
• Creation of infrastructure that will support small businesses in the scientific and technical fields;
• Other activities aimed at the development of small business.

One of the most important tasks in macroeconomic policy, the development, as a market institution, of small business is determined, as well as assistance in ensuring the formation of a competitive among, as well as self-employment of the population. For this, entrepreneurial activity in the country is stimulated by a comprehensive program, which includes:

• Support for small and medium-sized enterprises that are engaged in the development, implementation and sale of innovative products;
• Assistance in improving the energy efficiency of enterprises;
• Development of equipment leasing;
• Creation of technoparks;
• Creation of industrial parks;
• Business support at the idea stage;
• Technical connection to the existing power grid;
• Creation of guarantee funds;
• Formation of mixed investment funds and closed-end mutual funds in small companies;
• Assistance in starting a business for a young entrepreneur;
• Organization of professional development programs.

How to get help starting a business

In order to receive, for example, an amount of 300,000 rubles for business development, you need:

1. Take a 72-hour Entrepreneurship Fundamentals course. It is paid and there the young entrepreneur will be taught many useful things, as well as explain what a business plan is.
2. Write a business plan in the form that can be found on the website of the department of entrepreneurship. It is pretty primitive, with only income and expenses. Profitability and others important points there is no. You also need to know the list of OKVED codes by which the state issues money, because you can schedule a business, but it turns out that it does not intentionally support this business.
3. Submit an application to the regional administration or the department of entrepreneurship. As always, you will have to look for the required office. To this application you need to add a copy of your passport, work book and certificate of training on courses.
4. After a person successfully defends his business plan, you can open an individual entrepreneur or LLC. You can take an already open case, but it should not have been registered more than one year ago.
5. The bank needs to draw up a tripartite additional agreement, which implies a direct debit of funds if the entrepreneur intends to use the funds for other purposes. Before you need to clarify whether the bank can make such an agreement. It states that the department can write off money without the consent of the entrepreneur in the event that he uses them for other purposes.
6. After these procedures, you must also submit copies of TIN, PSRN, USRN statement, additional agreement with the bank, as well as a certificate of the absence of debts to banks and the budget.
7. Six months later, from the receipt of funds, you need to report to the department, as well as transfer back unused funds.
8. For two years, you need to report on a quarterly basis in the prescribed form. You need to understand that money is given on the condition of co-financing. For young people under 30, the amount they have to invest is 20% of the total amount of assistance. For the unemployed, this amount is 10% of the amount of assistance.

The current situation in the economy of the Russian Federation prompts the government of the country to think seriously and help the development of small entrepreneurs' business. The market economy in the country got its start relatively recently. And it is not easy for ordinary citizens to switch to consciousness from hired work to conducting own business... To make it easier for individual entrepreneurs to overcome all initial problems, assistance to entrepreneurs from the state in 2018 will also be provided. This year will not be an exception in terms of receiving government support. What kind of assistance from the state can a sole proprietor expect? This will be discussed in our article.

Registration of an individual entrepreneur through public services

According to the current legislation, each individual can start a commercial activity if he / she has received state registration and IP status. Once this procedure is completed, you can count on the support offered by the state.

How to get help for a young entrepreneur from the state in 2018? To this end, you need to take the following steps:

• submit an application for registration as an individual entrepreneur, completed in the form No. 21001;
• attach a photocopy of the passport so that the page with the registration is printed;
• pay a duty to the state budget (800 rubles);
• submit all the requested documents to your district tax service (IFTS).

What kind of help is given to aspiring entrepreneurs from the state? foreseen on? The state has a special service. Anyone can go to the page on the Internet using the link www.gosuslugi.ru, register and fill out an electronic application in the form No. 21001. As a result, a package should be prepared in the service required documents... Also, through the designated site, a duty is paid at a discount of 30 percent - 560 rubles. Thus, assistance from the state to beginner individual entrepreneurs is associated with organizational issues and the ability to submit documents and perform some registration actions online via the Internet.

Also government bodies provide individuals with advice in the field of starting their own business and obtaining the status of an individual entrepreneur. But do they provide financial assistance to a budding entrepreneur from the state in 2018?

Help for entrepreneurs: what you can count on

Below is a list of some types of assistance and support to entrepreneurs from the state:

Subjects of the Russian Federation can provide tax benefits and holidays for new individual entrepreneurs. Also see "".

Some banks are ready to reduce interest rates on loans based on government programs aimed at supporting small businesses. Alternatively, they can help in paying off part of the interest on previous loans.

Financial assistance to start-up entrepreneurs from the state can be expressed in the provision of subsidies for the start of their activities in the amount of 58,800 rubles. It is provided in some constituent entities of the Russian Federation through the Employment Center.

If an entrepreneur already has his own business and would like to develop it further, he can count on a state subsidy of up to 500 thousand rubles (each subject of the Russian Federation has its own maximum amount).

At the level of legislation, an individual entrepreneur without employees is exempted from accounting.

The state provides assistance in reimbursement of all costs associated with participation in fairs and exhibitions.

Subsidizing the acquisition of fixed assets by an entrepreneur on a lease basis. We can talk either about the first installment, or about the full repayment of the payment. The amount of the subsidy directly depends on the cost of the OS. For example, the city authorities are ready to subsidize up to 1/3 of the cost of the leased asset excluding VAT (value added tax), but in amounts not exceeding 5 million rubles.

Before summarizing the information provided, it is worth noting that

now, and in a very substantial volume, a program of assistance to young entrepreneurs from the state is being implemented. However, it is not easy to obtain development grants.

If an individual entrepreneur has questions about obtaining a subsidy or the possibility of closing the registration of his activity with outstanding debts, he can get advice:

• in the territorial Fund for the support of small entrepreneurs;
• at a local business incubator;
• from a private consultant.

Subsidies for individual entrepreneurs: what to keep in mind

When applying to an individual entrepreneur for state support of his own business, you should remember about some of the nuances, in particular:

• if activities related to real estate, alcohol, tobacco products are planned, with the performance of supply functions, then you cannot count on help from the state;
• the future entrepreneur must have his own material resources, since the state, as mentioned earlier, is ready to provide him with only partial financial support (as a rule, no more than 40%).

Also in 2018, the regions may have their own programs for supporting and subsidizing individual entrepreneurs, about which a future entrepreneur can learn from the media or get advice from specialists directly involved in these issues.

In Moscow, there are various programs to help small businesses: from the provision of benefits for renting office space to loan guarantees.

 

Support for small businesses in Moscow in 2015 is especially relevant, as entrepreneurship is not going through better times... The consumer market is shrinking, and the instability in the monetary and financial sector complicates the planning of activities. At the same time, up to the present moment there are various programs that allow newly created companies to get favorable conditions for starting and minimize their costs.

Type of assistance: Facilitating lending to the IB

• Organization: Fund for lending assistance to MBM of the profile Department
• The essence of support: Loan surety
• Conditions for receiving: To receive support, an entrepreneur must contact a bank from among the partners for a loan, get a positive decision, but with the condition of an additional guarantee. Then the financial institution independently applies to the Fund, which is able to provide collateral up to 50% of the loan amount. After 3 days, a decision is made whether the IB representative will be credited or not.

Who can become a member?

Type of assistance: Subsidy for financial and economic activities

• Organization: GBU "MB Moscow"
• The essence of support: Providing gratuitous aid
• Conditions for receiving: To get help, you should contact the GBU "Moscow MB", or send an application by mail. The participant must collect a package of documents, including an application, a copy of the charter, an extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities, a certificate of the absence of debt to the state and non-budgetary funds, copies of SRO licenses and permits for this type of organization, a business plan, information about the premises used (rent or ownership).
• Intended use: The subsidy can be used for various needs, and in a few months the results will have to be reported.

The maximum amount of assistance is no more than half a million rubles.

Who can become a member?

An organization or individual entrepreneur, created no more than 2 years ago, with up to 250 employees and a revenue of less than 1,000,000,000 rubles. The share of the organization at least 75% must belong to the citizens of Russia. To receive assistance, a company (IE) must be "registered" in Moscow, have no debts in taxes and fees, loans, as well as overdue obligations to creditors.

Type of assistance: Subsidy for exhibition activities

• Organization: GBU "MB Moscow"
• The essence of support: One-time provision of an amount of up to 300 thousand rubles for participation in the exhibition
• Conditions for receiving: To participate in the program, one should go to the authorities of the MB of Moscow in person or through email by submitting a number of documents, including an application, a copy of the charter, an extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities, annual financial statements with a tax mark, copies of agreements on the company's participation (IE) in the exhibition.

Who can become a member?

Entity(IE), registered and operating in Moscow, employing no more than 250 employees, with revenues of up to 1 billion rubles, which is not engaged in intermediary, trade or agency work. He also should not have tax arrears, loans, and the organization itself should not be involved in the sale of excisable goods, participate in obtaining other subsidies from the city of Moscow.

Type of assistance: Investing in startups

• Organization:"Fund for Assistance to Venture Investment Development ..."
• The essence of support: Providing Money innovative companies.
• Conditions for receiving: A loan provided at one and a half size of the refinancing rate is issued for a period not exceeding 3 years. The loan amount that the participant can count on is from 0.5 to 8 million rubles. At the same time, the participant needs to find an investor, and the Fund will provide the amount of borrowing in 2 times, which was allocated by a private lender. A share in an innovative enterprise acts as a collateral.

  The entrepreneur's algorithm of actions is as follows:

  1. Choose an investor from among the accredited organizations.
  2. Reach an agreement with the borrower and prepare a joint appeal to the Fund. An application is required, constituent documents innovative company, cost estimate, business plan, project presentation and some other papers.
  3. Presentation of the project at the office of the Foundation.
  4. Receipt of funds after the conclusion of the pledge agreement.

Who can become a member?

Enterprises belonging to the category of scientific and technical sphere, registered in the city of Moscow.

Assistance Type: Coworking

• Organization: GBU "MB Moscow", club "Delovar", center "Start Hub" and other companies
• The essence of support: Providing open space for presentations, negotiations, staff training and other needs
• Conditions for receiving: By paying a certain cost of renting a business space, you can get either a dedicated workplace for the required period of time (from one day to a month), conference hall, presentation area. In such organizations, there is always the Internet, business opportunities (office equipment, telephone-fax), a relaxation and lunch area, postal service, and also cells for storing personal belongings.

Who can become a member?

Any business representative, including an individual entrepreneur, freelancer, start-up company.

Want to know what coworking is? What are its advantages over a traditional office? Then watch the video:

Type of assistance: Free legal assistance during registration

• Organization: GBU "MB Moscow"
• The essence of support: Legal support in the preparation of documents for registration of the organizational and legal form
• Conditions for receiving: Using the electronic form, you can register an LLC, individual entrepreneur, draw up an agreement. Having chosen the appropriate section, you need to enter your data, including TIN, scan the documents required for this purpose.

Who can become a member?

Any person (a group of businessmen) who plans to work in Moscow can get legal assistance and have a TIN number. It should be noted that at the time of this writing, the service was provided in test mode.

So, support for small business in Moscow in 2015 is quite active, according to at least, there are a lot of existing programs. In addition, there are many local and short-term promotions that provide assistance to novice businessmen: consultations, legal support, discounts.

It's no secret that the presence of a well-developed small and medium-sized business provides a number of undeniable advantages for the country's economy. This is the creation of new jobs and self-employment of the population. In addition, this is an increase in taxes and an increase in the gross domestic product. The development of small business is an improvement in the quality of life of the country's population, because small enterprises can most quickly adapt to changes in the requirements of the modern market. It is for this that the state has developed programs for small businesses. It is much easier to start a business with state support, however, not all young entrepreneurs are familiar with the intricacies of obtaining it.

Small Business Development Program in Russia

In the strategy of social economic development In Russia until 2020, it is said that assistance to small and medium-sized businesses is one of the main elements of the state's economic policy. According to experts, such measures should contribute to the development of healthy competition and give citizens the opportunity to improve their financial situation. In addition to the already existing forms of subsidies, the new concept adopted qualitatively new types of state support for small businesses, aimed at stimulating the growth of the number of business entities, as well as changing their sectoral structure. Among the new goals of the state development strategy, one can see the following:

• reduction of bureaucratic red tape when registering a business and its development;
• simplification of the taxation system for small businesses;
• reducing the number of products subject to certification;
• improving the efficiency of state regulation in the field of licensing;
• possibility of application various sources financing.

Regional Business Support Program

Along with state measures, there are also regional measures of state support for small and medium-sized businesses. Such assistance, in particular, can be expressed in the creation of business incubators, venture and guarantee funds, as well as in additional stimulation of enterprises whose activities are oriented towards export. In addition, the regions also accept complex programs stimulating entrepreneurial activity, within the framework of which funds are allocated for:

• development of leasing equipment purchase;
• support of enterprises engaged in innovative activities;
• creation of industrial and technology parks;
• improving the energy efficiency of enterprises;
• development and support of startups;
• creation of various guarantee funds;
• introduction of professional development programs for young entrepreneurs, assistance in starting a business.

Conditions for granting subsidies

All forms of state support for small businesses are one-time government aid, which should be used for the implementation of a specific task within the framework of the enterprise. There will be no need to return such assistance in the future, however, the state will control the targeted spending of funds.

In order to receive financial support from the state, an enterprise must meet several criteria:

• be officially registered as an individual entrepreneur or LLC (information must be contained in the state register);
• have a correctly drawn up business plan, which outlines specific areas for spending subsidized funds;
• the owner of the enterprise must be a citizen of Russia, and with a shared participation, a resident of the Russian Federation must own at least 51% of the total authorized capital.

Enterprises operating in the field of:

• insurance;
• provision of banking or other credit services;
• release and sale of excisable goods;
• gambling business;
• mining;
• the securities market.

Who can apply for

In addition to the conditions listed above, state support for small businesses provides for the observance of some more conditions for obtaining subsidies for development:

• at the time of submission of documents, the company must be registered less than 2 years ago;
• the total number of employees cannot exceed 250 people;
• with a share participation, the share of state and municipal partners in the authorized capital cannot exceed 25%;
• complete absence of tax debt is required;
• income for the previous 12 months cannot exceed 1 billion rubles.

If a business entity meets all of the above criteria and wants to receive a subsidy, he must submit an application to the regional institution for the support of small and medium-sized businesses by October 1 of this year.

What will they give money for

In addition to the fact that state support for small and medium-sized businesses, as we have already found out, may not be provided to all enterprises, it will not be possible to spend it as you like. There are certain parameters for this. So, you can spend the subsidy:

• for the purchase, modernization and repair of fixed assets;
• hiring new employees or improving the working conditions of existing ones;
• to purchase, update and install licensed software;
• for rent for the use of production and office premises;
• to invest in raw materials and materials.

If you are just thinking about starting your own business, and have not yet decided on the direction, then you should know that the priority for allocating government subsidies are:

• housing and communal services, transport services and construction;
• any production (except for excisable goods);
• the service sector of the population;
• youth support and development programs;
• innovative developments;
• development of the social sphere - sports, culture, education;
• revival of crafts and original culture of peoples.

If you nevertheless decide to engage in trade, then state support for the development of small business, most likely, "does not shine for you", although, of course, it is worth trying. To increase your chances, try to target your products to the disadvantaged - low-income families, disabled people, retirees, and so on. Highlight the work with these categories on a separate line in your business plan.

How to get a subsidy

So how do you get government support for small businesses? There are two ways here - it all depends on what kind of assistance you want to receive: to open a new business or to develop an already existing young enterprise. In the first case, you have a direct road to the employment center, and in the second, you need to contact the investment department. Before applying, you need to carefully study the procedure for submitting documents and stock up on all the necessary papers.

Employment Center

Government support for small businesses for a beginner begins with registration with the employment service and obtaining the status of an unemployed. It is best to contact this institution in advance and get comprehensive advice on the preparation of the necessary documents, as well as the amount and procedure for payment of the compensation due. However, you can skip this stage and prepare the documents yourself. You will need originals and copies:

• passports;
• work book (if any);
• diploma;
• income certificates, if you were previously employed officially;
• marriage certificate or its dissolution, if the surname was changed.

Having prepared everything you need, go to registration. Immediately inform the inspector of your intention to receive a subsidy for opening an IP. This will help you not to waste time looking for suitable vacancies, but to go directly to the development of a business plan, which will later have to be defended before the commission. Based on the results of the BP defense, a decision will be made on the allocation of a subsidy in the amount of 58,800 rubles, compensation for the costs of registering an individual entrepreneur or refusal of state support. If the latter happened and you were refused, do not worry, the law does not limit the number of attempts. Just create another business plan and go through the process again.

Department of

If your company is already operational, it is worth considering getting some money for its development. In this case, government support for small businesses is carried out by the investment department. To take advantage of the subsidy, regional office you need to cook:

• certificate of registration of a legal entity or individual entrepreneur;
• copies of statutory documents;
• a certificate from the employment center about the completion of training in entrepreneurial activity;
• certificates on the absence of tax arrears and levies from the FSS, tax service and other organizations;
• a certificate stating that the company is not in the process of liquidation;
• a document stating that more than 6 months have passed since the registration of the enterprise;
• a document confirming that no criminal or administrative proceedings have been opened against this organization;
• passport (original and copy);
• original and copy of the power of attorney, if the documents are not submitted by the owner;
• business plan;
• application for a subsidy;
• bank statement on opening a current account.

Procedure for providing

After the entire package of documents is collected, it is transferred to the executive committee. It is best to do this in person, through the office, or use the help of an employment service curator.

Consideration and acceptance of documents must be completed within seven days, after which a decision will be made. If you were refused, we go through the whole procedure from the beginning. If the commission made a positive decision, your business plan is passed on to the next instance, where it is also reviewed and approved.

The law establishes that the meeting of the commissions takes place as business plans are received and accumulated, therefore, obtaining a subsidy can be quite delayed. Usually, the date of the next meeting of the commission is indicated on the official website of the investment department.

As you can see, state support for small business is not an easy and rather troublesome business, but it is still worth getting it done - if you have a high-quality business plan, the chances of getting money for development are quite high.

Any state is interested in the development of entrepreneurship. An increase in the number of active small enterprises leads to an improvement in the quality of life of citizens and an increase in economic indicators generally. In addition, huge corporations cannot quickly respond to changes in the market situation and are unable to meet the changing needs of the population in time.

Support for small businesses in 2018, state programs for promoting private entrepreneurship are a fairly common practice in Western countries... Most often, the authorities are interested in small local companies that improve the economic situation in a particular city: providing them with various benefits and subsidies helps to increase the competitiveness of products and the investment attractiveness of the region.

In Russia, this form of assistance is less common: local self-government bodies usually do not have the necessary budget for the implementation of such measures. Nevertheless, domestic entrepreneurs can take advantage of an alternative option - the program for promoting the development of SMEs being implemented at the federal level, which includes many ways of both financial and infrastructural support for newly created businesses.

Who can count on help?

Studying public policy with regard to private entrepreneurs, it can be noted that the current programs of financial and non-material support are focused mainly on representatives of small and medium-sized businesses. To find out whether an individual company falls into this category, you need to take into account the average number of employees and the volume of annual turnover:

Enterprise format

Thus, only the specified business entities can apply for assistance to an individual entrepreneur from the state in 2018, provided that they meet some additional requirements:

• Lifetime - no more than two years;
• The SME entity is registered with the tax service;
• The company has no debts for tax and fund deductions.

Funds are unevenly distributed among applicants: in order to increase the likelihood of success in attracting third-party financing, an entrepreneur must work in one of the priority areas today:

• Production of essential goods;
• Ecological tourism services;
• Various directions of folk art;
• Agro-industrial sector;
• Housing and utilities;
• Social entrepreneurship;
• Scientific and technical sphere.

Where can I get help?

Many authorities and organizations have the authority to resolve issues of providing assistance to entrepreneurs. Each of them operates in a designated area and has its own budget:

1. City Administration. In the department of economic development, you can get information on all types of federal and local programs for financial support for small businesses in 2018;
2. Entrepreneurship support funds. They carry out an examination of the projects submitted by entrepreneurs and, on the basis of the results obtained, allocate funds for financing small enterprises;
3. Chambers of commerce and industry. Provide free consultations on marketing, finance, legal support and certification, as well as help to take part in various federal and international exhibitions;
4. Business incubators. Provide start-up entrepreneurs with infrastructure support, provide space and equipment for doing business;
5. Venture funds. Identify the most promising startups and provide grants to support small businesses in 2018. Scientific, technical and innovative projects are priority for the foundations.

Types of programs

State support programs for entrepreneurship in 2018 are implemented at different administrative levels. In accordance with the scale and amount of funding, they can be classified as:

Federal programs:

• Designed for implementation throughout the country;
• Characterized by large volumes of financial support for small businesses in 2018;
• They operate with funds mainly for large-scale projects;
• They implement the development strategy of already operating enterprises.

Regional programs:

• They operate within the boundaries of the administrative regions;
• Operate with the budget of a particular region or region;
• Designed for the development of regional infrastructure.

Local programs:

• Implemented for city or regional entrepreneurs;
• Have a relatively small amount of funding;
• They solve local problems of an economic nature.

Direct financial assistance

With subsidies, funds under the 2018 Small Business Support Program are given to the entrepreneur free of charge. In other cases it comes O soft loans and loans provided for a long term at a reduced interest rate. Nevertheless, any form of financing has a specified purpose and is accompanied by documentary reporting in the prescribed form. So, money can be spent on:

• Premises or land for rent;
• Purchase of fixed assets;
• Purchase of raw materials and consumables;
• Purchase of production equipment.

Grants

This type of financing is available not only for businessmen who start registering their first enterprise, but also for those who have been engaged in commercial activities for no more than two years. Competitions among entrepreneurs and the distribution of grants are carried out by:

1. Entrepreneurship Development Department;
2. Department of Economic Development;
3. Local government bodies;
4. SME support funds;
5. Entrepreneurs' unions.

Local authorities at the beginning of each year clarify the list of priority activities: this information can be found on the website of the Business Support Center. Most often, research and development (30% of the total funding), projects of high social importance (30%), manufacturing and the agro-industrial sector (20%), as well as trade (12%) are preferred. In accordance with the law, grants cannot be received by enterprises producing excisable goods, working with real estate or investments, extracting minerals or carrying out gambling activities.

Of course, the amount of funding depends on the regional budget. So, in Moscow, Samara or Perm, an entrepreneur can count on 500,000 rubles, while in other regions the size of the grant is limited to 300,000 rubles. It is assumed that these funds will be used to cover 30-50% of the total project budget. The businessman will have to find the rest of the money on his own.

In order to prove the validity of your claims for a grant, you must use documents to prove that the company belongs to the category of SMEs in terms of the number of jobs and the amount of annual turnover.

In addition, the entrepreneur must:

• Provide documentary evidence of the absence of other financial assistance;
• Submit a Certificate of Registration, constituent documents, business plan;
• Confirm with a bank statement that you have your own funds;
• Request a certificate of positive credit history from the National Bureau.

Concessional lending

Concessional lending is one of the possible solutions for those who cannot count on other ways of financial support from the state for small businesses in 2018. As with the allocation of grants, the likelihood of obtaining a loan with a minimum interest rate is higher for those who work in priority areas for the state. These include innovations, production of essential goods, knowledge-intensive industries, and agriculture.

For lending issues, you should contact not only state institutions and foundations, but also directly to banks or credit communities: many of them develop their own products for entrepreneurs. The targeted spending of money is checked in any case - it can be:

• Financing the acquisition of fixed assets, production equipment for the implementation of new projects;
• Reimbursement of operating costs associated with the project (up to 30% of the loan amount);
• Replenishment of working capital.

The loan is provided in the form of a one-time payment, revolving or non-revolving line in the amount of 50 million to one billion rubles. The term of the contract can be any, but the preferential program is valid for a maximum of three years. Also, to participate in it, an entrepreneur must invest his own funds in the project in the amount of:

• 20% for loans in the amount of 500 million rubles or more;
• 20% for loans, the repayment of which is expected from the profit received as a result of the launch of the financed project;
• No restrictions - for other investment projects.

Interest rates for using a loan are set for small businesses at 11-11.8% per annum, for medium-sized businesses - from 10% per annum.

Microloans

In some cases, entrepreneurs do not need large-scale funding for the implementation of projects in the amount of tens of millions of rubles. An alternative for those wishing to receive from 100,000 to 3,000,000 rubles can be another form of support for small businesses in 2018 - the provision of microloans. To benefit from this assistance, a business must operate in one of the following industries:

• Agro-industrial production;
• Construction;
• Commercial production and processing of products;
• Innovative and scientific activities;
• Services sector.

The loan is issued for a period of three months to three years at a rate of 10% per annum. The purpose of such financing assumes:

• Replenishment of inventory and working capital;
• Lease or purchase of commercial real estate objects;
• Repair of real estate objects;
• Rent or purchase of commercial vehicles;
• Purchase of machine tools and technological lines;
• Purchase of raw materials and supplies;
• Refinancing of previously issued loans.

The financial institution may require the entrepreneur to secure the loan with collateral. With an amount of up to 300,000 rubles, either movable and immovable property or a surety is used as such. When lending volumes exceed the specified limit, these types of guarantees are used together.

Indirect financial assistance

It is not surprising that entrepreneurs are primarily interested in the question of. However, the state allocates much more funds for the implementation of other types of support: this circumstance makes one think about a more careful study of alternative types of assistance to SMEs.

Tax Holidays

The first two years of operation of a small business can be considered the most difficult - at this stage the company's expenses significantly exceed revenues. Therefore, the state program for supporting SMEs provides for special tax incentives for small businesses in 2018:

• For individual entrepreneurs using the simplified tax system - the possibility of reducing the rate from 6% to 1%;
• For individual entrepreneurs using PSN - a decrease in the amount of potential income from 1,000,000 rubles to 500,000 rubles per year;
• For individual entrepreneurs using UTII - the possibility of reducing the rate from 15% to 7.5%.

New entrepreneurship benefits in 2018 can be provided without restrictions, since the law extends the duration of the program to 2020 inclusive. Additionally, the rules for the application of tax holidays have been established:

• A rate reduction is allowed only for enterprises registered for the first time. Existing individual entrepreneurs cannot receive such a privilege;
• To apply a special tax rate, an enterprise must switch to UTII, STS or PSN no later than two years after registration;
• The benefit can be assigned for a period not exceeding two years;
• Tax holidays in 2018 are provided to entrepreneurs working in social, industrial or scientific fields... In this case, the share of the company's income from these types of activities should exceed 70% of the total profit.

Compensation of interest rates on loans

It is difficult to find any type of business that does not require periodic lending. When contacting banks, company owners in the absence of an alternative are often forced to accept not the most advantageous offers. At first glance, it seems that it is impossible to remedy the situation, however, there is a way out here as well: the corresponding program of state support for small businesses in Russia in 2018 allows, to a certain extent, to reduce the loan burden.

Of course, reimbursement of the body of the loan is still the main task of the entrepreneur. But it is possible to partially compensate for the interest rate for using the loan at the expense of the state. Assistance is provided in the amount of:

• 1/3 of the refinancing rate established for 2018 (7.75%) for contracts with a term of less than two years;
• 1/2 of the refinancing rate for loans issued for a period of 2 to 3 years;
• 2/3 of the refinancing rate for loans issued for a period of more than three years.

The purpose of lending is also important in this case: the funds should be directed to the acquisition of fixed assets, the purchase of equipment, raw materials and materials, the expansion and reconstruction of production. The assessment of the feasibility of allocating assistance is carried out on the basis of the data on the social and economic benefits of the project given in the business plan. Social criteria include:

• Creation of additional jobs;
• Increase wages employees.

Economic criteria for project efficiency are no less important:

• Increased financing for the purchase of fixed assets;
• Increase in the volume of work;
• Quantitative increase in the volume of goods produced.

Loan guarantee

Banks in an attempt to improve their financial performance and to reduce risks, the requirements for borrowers from among SMEs are regularly tightened. For this reason, the number of company owners who have managed to bypass all bureaucratic obstacles and get the desired funding is constantly decreasing.

Meanwhile, entrepreneurs can benefit from in an efficient way solving the problem - the state program for supporting small businesses in 2018 in the provision of loan guarantees. Entrepreneurship promotion funds, funded from the federal or regional budgets, are currently involved in its implementation.

Their priority areas are:

• Production of products;
• Folk crafts;
• Scientific developments, innovations;
• Construction;
• Social business;
• Housing and communal services;
• Transport services;
• Communication and telecommunications;
• Domestic tourism.

Businessmen working in these industries are provided with a maximum guarantee that allows them to receive up to 70% of the required collateral; accordingly, the entrepreneur must find the remaining 30% on his own. For non-priority industries, the guarantees are somewhat less - within 50%. In addition, the service is paid: for its provision, the fund charges 0.75-1.25% of the surety amount.

In any case, the loan is issued by the participant state program bank, therefore, the borrower must first of all meet the requirements of the chosen one for cooperation financial institution... As for the guarantee funds, their conditions are somewhat more loyal:

• Before applying to the fund, the enterprise must work for at least six months;
• The entrepreneur should not have debts in taxes and payments to the FIU;
• The applicant must provide a security deposit of 30-50% of the loan amount.

Compensation for lease payments

As an alternative to leasing, leasing has become not only a very popular way of obtaining equipment among entrepreneurs, but also a separate effective tool in the list of programs to support small and medium-sized businesses in 2018. In fact, company owners are offered a mechanism for partial subsidizing of lease payments: in order to receive such assistance, an entrepreneur must contact to the regional office of the Ministry of Economic Development. Reimbursement of expenses is carried out on a share basis with some restrictions:

• Partial compensation of the first installment under the concluded lease agreement in the amount of up to 50%. At the same time, the amount of compensation should not exceed 500,000 rubles;
• Partial compensation for regular lease payments up to 2/3 of the refinancing rate. The total amount of the subsidy should not exceed 5 million rubles.

Support can be received by business entities that have entered into leasing agreements for production equipment, machine tools, technological lines, cargo and low-tonnage Vehicle and cars. The subsidy is not provided:

• Companies purchasing equipment for trading activities;
• Enterprises forced to pay penalties under the contract;
• Entrepreneurs who have not demonstrated the proper level of social efficiency and have not created one job for every million rubles of compensation;
• Companies working in the areas of lending and insurance, audit, depositor finance management, gambling and sweepstakes, real estate and trade.

Helping farmers

State support for small businesses in Russia in 2018 includes a separate program to assist entrepreneurs working in the country's priority agro-industrial sector. Novice farmers are compensated for up to 90% of the total documented amount of expenses for:

1. Purchase of agricultural land;
2. House construction and home improvement;
3. Design of production workshops and warehouses;
4. Purchase and repair of production halls and warehouses;
5. Construction of access roads to production facilities;
6. Connecting workshops and warehouses to engineering networks;
7. Purchase of agricultural and cargo equipment, production equipment;
8. Purchase of planting material;
9. Purchase of fertilizers and herbicides.

Subsidy can be obtained farming only once - in the first six months of the company's operation. The maximum amount of financing reaches 1.5 million rubles: the funds transferred in 2018 must be disbursed within 18 months.

Help for entrepreneurs creating family livestock farms looks somewhat different: in this case, the amount of the grant increases to 3 million rubles, however, the applicant must provide proof of his own funds in the amount of at least 40% of the total cost of the project. You need to spend money within 24 months for a predetermined purpose:

• Farm design;
• Farm construction and equipping;
• Construction and equipping of workshops for product processing;
• Purchase and installation of equipment for the farm;
• Purchase of farm animals.

The State Commission on a mandatory basis holds a competition among the applicants. Farmer training is assessed according to the following criteria:

• Higher education, work experience in the agro-industrial sector or running your own subsidiary farm for 10 years;
• High quality business plan;
• Own funds in the amount of 40% of the declared cost of the project;
• Contracts concluded with consumers of products;
• Successful entrepreneurial activity for 6 months.

In 2018, there will be changes in the mechanism for issuing grants to farmers. It is expected that the state will transfer money to the enterprise's account not in one payment, but in stages, as the previous parts are mastered.

Other types of assistance

In addition to direct or indirect financial state support for small businesses, in 2018 other types of assistance are available to entrepreneurs, implying the creation of more comfortable conditions for doing business.

Municipal property lease

Federal and local authorities often have real estate that is ineffectively used or not used at all. The developers of the SME assistance program considered it expedient to lease such municipal facilities to start-up entrepreneurs on a preferential basis.

Business owners can receive such property support when concluding a lease agreement for a period of more than five years. Basic rates are determined based on the opinion of independent appraisers, formed in accordance with the situation on the real estate market. This data is then used to calculate the preferential rate for the first three years of the lease:

• During the first year, the rate is 40% of the rent;
• During the second year - 60%;
• During the third year - 80%;
• For the fourth and subsequent years, the entrepreneur pays full-time.

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Compensation for participation in exhibitions

Even entrepreneurs who have information about existing business support programs are often not aware of this type of assistance. In fact, the subject of the SPM can, after the fact, compensate for up to half of the total costs associated with exhibition activities, provided that the amount of the subsidy does not exceed 150 thousand rubles per year. Reimbursable are such costs as:

• Rent of space, installation of stands, creation of exhibition infrastructure;
• Transportation of exhibits to the place of demonstration and back;
• Organization of negotiations, presentations, printing of advertising materials;
• Translation services.

To receive compensation, you must submit to the local Entrepreneurship Support Center an application, an agreement with the organizers of the exhibition, a copy of the document confirming payment for participation in the event, as well as an act of completed work.

Compensation for training costs

Many newly created enterprises are faced with the problem of inadequate qualifications of employees. The cost of their training in various trainings, seminars and courses at first may turn out to be an undesirable burden on the business. Meanwhile, in this case, there is a cost recovery program: you just need to submit to the appropriate authorities proof of training in the form of paid bills, diplomas or prisoners with training centers contracts. Subsidies are subject to 50% of costs for an amount not exceeding 40 thousand rubles per year.

Of course, such a relatively small compensation is unlikely to be viewed by the management of a large enterprise as a serious motivation. However, it should be remembered that almost all companies are forced to regularly send their lawyers and accountants to various seminars, and therefore partial reimbursement of the cost of training can be considered an incentive bonus for a developing small business.