Military English-Russian dictionary. Military English Dictionary. English military dictionary

home One of the directions of immigration to the USA is obtaining citizenship through service in American army

. Many of those who learn English in order to go for permanent residence to the land of opportunity consider this as one of the options. Today we offer a brief overview of this topic. In today's article: the structure of the American army, military terminology and army slang.

US Army structure The armed forces of the United States are divided into the following areas ():

1. branch Army
2. - all ground forces, including infantry, tanks, and so on. Marine Corps - Marines ( shock troops
3. to capture coastlines, islands, naval military bases, enemy ships, and so on). Coast Guard -
4. Coast security. Navy -.
5. Navy Air Force

— air force (aviation).

Separate army units are engaged in internal operations (fighting terrorists, criminal groups, and so on). This group includes:) SWAT (Special Weapons And Tactics)

- a special police squad that carries out complex interception operations where the skills of ordinary police officers are not enough. Special Forces - special forces perform direct missions, often associated with international affairs

countries (support, rescue operations, etc.). (Ranks) ranks

are divided into three groups: Enlisted soldier

• - an unexalted military man. The uniform has a regular patch with yellow lines on a dark blue background.
• Private - private (without rank or insignia)
• Private Second Class - private second class
• Private First Class - private first class
• Specialist - specialist (graduate of a military lyceum)
• Corporal - corporal
• Sergeant - sergeant
• Staff sergeant - senior sergeant
• Sergeant First Class - sergeant first class
• Master Sergeant - master sergeant (sergeant major)
• First Sergeant - first sergeant
• Sergeant Major - sergeant major
• Command Sergeant Major - command sergeant major

Sergeant Major of the Army - sergeant major of the army (the only one of his number, the main one among the enlisted soldier). Warrant officer

• - Warrant Officer. The uniform has a rectangular silver badge with black squares or stripes.
• Warrant officer - warrant officer (warrant officer)
• Chief warrant officer 2
• Chief warrant officer 3
• Chief warrant officer 5

Officer- Officer. On the uniform there is a silver or gold metal badge in the form of stars, a leaf, an eagle or rectangles.

• Second Lieutenant - second lieutenant
• First Lieutenant - first lieutenant
• Captain - captain
• Major - major
• Lieutenant Colonel - lieutenant colonel (lieutenant colonel)
• Colonel - Colonel
• Brigadier General - brigadier general
• Major General - Major General
• Lieutenant General - Lieutenant General
• General - general
• General of the Army - general of the army (the rank can only be awarded in wartime)

Soldiers in the army are divided into groups, military units. Their structure looks like this:

• Squad/crew- group (smallest link, team of 12 people or less).
• Platoon- detachment (can consist of 10-50 soldiers led by a detachment commander).
• Company- company (consists of 30-250 people).
• Battalion- battalion (300-1000 people led by a battalion commander represented by an officer).
• Regiment- regiment (up to 3000 soldiers).
• Brigade- brigade (an even larger group of soldiers, up to 5,000 people).
• Division- division (up to 20 thousand military personnel).
• Marine- corps (the largest military unit, can consist of 20-50 thousand soldiers).

Features of the American Army

There is no forced military conscription in the United States. The army is completely contract-based, and they are ready to accept even foreigners. For many, this is an opportunity to gain a foothold in the country and improve their language skills. Therefore, there are many immigrants in the ranks of the military. About 60% of the soldiers are white Americans. By the way, another feature is that you can enter the service from the age of 17.

Serving in the ranks of the American army is not only prestigious, but also very profitable. Monthly wage an ordinary soldier can reach $2000 per month. This despite the fact that he is provided with free housing, food and health insurance.

However, there are also difficulties. Young fighters, especially in the early years, undergo arduous training and sometimes sleep less than four hours a night. AND main reason, according to which those wishing to join the ranks American soldiers not much, it's an opportunity to be sent to a hot spot. After all, America is still a participant in military conflicts.

English military dictionary

Verbs

Weapon

Military slang

Chair force- “chair forces” (disparagingly in relation to consonant air force, air forces).
To dog a watch- keep watch (sit over the clock like a dog)
Hit the silk- jump with a parachute
Nothing to write home about- nothing to write home about (this is what they say about something insignificant, uninteresting).

Chicken, bird- chicken, bird (this is what the colonel is called because he has an eagle badge attached to his uniform)
Half-bird- half-bird (if the colonel is a bird, then before the lieutenant colonel is a half-bird)
Leafer- major (on his uniform there is a badge with a leaf)
Corp- corporal (short for corporal)
Leg- leg (as paratroopers call other military personnel who have not undergone parachute training).

Gerry- German (short for German)
Itie- Italian (short for Italian)
Jap- Japanese (short for Japanese)
Hajii- hajja (about an Arab or other Muslim from the East)
Frog- frog (in relation to the French, since they eat frogs)

House mouse- “house mouse” (the one who puts things in order on the site)
Apple polisher- a person who is helpful to management

Chow hound- glutton
Chow- food
Chow down- eat food
Chow line- line in the cafeteria

Ammos- boots
Brain bucket- bucket on the brain (helmet)
Cammies- camouflage
Go-fasters- sneakers (because compared to military boots, sneakers allow soldiers to move noticeably faster)
Tommy gun- machine gun (an expression borrowed from gangster slang)
Chatterbox- vibrating box (machine gun)
Egg- egg (grenade)

Finally, we suggest watching a video about the US Army.

That's all. We wish you a quiet, peaceful sky.
Englishdom #inspiringtolearn

The dictionary contains about two thousand basic terms and phraseological combinations for all types of armed forces, branches and services, organization, weapons and combat operations of the US Army and other NATO countries. The terms are arranged in sections according to topic. To make it easier to find terms and abbreviations, there are indexes of English and Russian terms with indexes.
The dictionary is designed for students and military cadets educational institutions, university students and individuals studying English on their own. Designed for learning military vocabulary, as well as for reading and translating military literature in English, both under the guidance of a teacher and independently.

Types and formations of the armed forces.
1. Armed Service
e.g. The US Armed Forces comprise three armed services: the Army, the Navy and the Air Force.
branch of the armed forces

The US military consists of three branches of the armed forces: the Army, the Navy and the Air Force.

2. field army
e.g. A field army is an administrative and tactical organization composed of a variable number of corps and a variable number of divisions.

field army
A field army is an administrative and operational formation of variable composition, including a varying number of corps and divisions.

3. (army) corps
e.g. An army corps is an organization larger than a division and smaller than a field army, it usually consists of tsvo or more divisions.

(army) corps
An army corps is an organizational unit larger in composition than a division and smaller than a field army; it usually consists of two or more divisions.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface
1. General information about the US military
Section 1. Controls and officials senior military leadership
Section 2. Types and formations of the armed forces
Section 3. Military-administrative division of the United States
Section 4. US Army
Section 5. Branches and services
Section 6. Basic structural elements of the US Army
Section 7. Military ranks, insignia
Section 8. Serving as privates and sergeants
Section 9. Training and service by officers
Section 10. Uniforms, personal equipment
2. Motorized infantry
Section 11. Motorized infantry in modern combat
Section 12. Organization of a mechanized division
Section 13. Weapon MPB
Section 14. MPB weapons
Section 15. Design of small arms samples
3. Armored forces
Section 16. General information
Section 17. Structure of tank units
Section 18. Characteristics of armored combat vehicles
Section 19. Tank design
Section 20. Engine design
Section 21. Combat use armored forces
4. Artillery
Section 22. General information
Section 23. Organization and armament of artillery
Section 24. Classification of artillery
Section 25. Construction of artillery systems
Section 26. Types and design of artillery ammunition
Section 27. Artillery battle formations and types of fire
5. Corps of Engineers
Section 28. Units and subdivisions engineering troops
Section 29. Engineering troops equipment
Section 30. Terrain engineering equipment
Section 31. Engineering barriers
Section 32. Mine-explosive barriers
6. Signal troops
Section 33. Organization and assignment of units and units of signal troops
Section 34. Communications organizations in combat
Section 35. Communications
Section 36. Radio communications
Section 37. Radar
Section 38. Electronic countermeasures
7. Airborne troops
Section 39. General information
Section 40. Combat use airborne units and units
8. Air defense troops
Section 41. Forces and means of air defense troops
Section 42. Arrangement of division air defense systems
Section 43. Combat use of division air defense systems
9. Air Force
Section 44. Composition and missions of the US Air Force
Section 45. Classification aircraft US Air Force
Section 46. Tactical and technical data of aircraft and helicopters
Section 47. Design of an airplane and helicopter
Section 48. Airplane and helicopter design (continued)
Section 49. Armament of airplanes and helicopters
10. Naval forces
Section 50. Organization of the United States Navy
Section 51. Classification of ships and vessels
Section 52. Ship structure
Section 53. Armament of ships
Section 54. Marines
11. Missile weapons
Section 55. Types of missiles
Section 56. Rocket design
Section 57. Missile guidance and control systems
Section 58. Rocket engines and their design
Section 59. Combat use of missiles
12. Weapons mass destruction and protection from it
Section 60. Combat properties weapons of mass destruction
Section 61. Design of nuclear weapons
Section 62. Types nuclear explosions and their damaging factors
Section 63. Toxic substances
Section 64. Means of protection against weapons of mass destruction
13. Offensive
Section 65. Types of offensive
Section 66. Types of offensive maneuver
Section 67. Combat formations on the offensive
Section 68. Control of troops on the offensive
Section 69. Conducting an offensive battle
Section 70. Fighting in special conditions
14. Defense
Section 71. Types of defense
Section 72. Elements of the defensive line
Section 73. Elements order of battle in defense
Section 74. Organization of military operations in defense
Section 75. Conducting a defensive battle
15. March and counter battle
Section 76. Types of march and marching orders
Section 77. Organization of the march
16. Combat support
Section 78. Types of combat support
Section 79. Intelligence
Section 80. Organizational units of the intelligence service
Section 81. Methods of reconnaissance
Section 82. Technical means of reconnaissance
Section 83. Sentry, combat and marching security
17. Logistics support
Section 84. Organization of logistics support
Section 85. Material support
Section 86. Technical and medical support
18. Military topographic maps
Section 87. Classification of military topographic maps
Section 88. Landforms, local items, coordinate system
Section 89. Tactical conventional signs
Pointer English terms
Index of Russian terms
Index of abbreviations.

Download the e-book for free in a convenient format, watch and read:
Download the book English-Russian educational dictionary-minimum of military terminology, Pasechnik G.A., 1986 - fileskachat.com, fast and free download.

• 500 necessary and easy to remember English words in 1 day, English-Russian dictionary-self-instruction manual, Verchinsky A., 2018 - These words of the famous poet are the best fit as an epigraph to my self-instruction manual. You can and should learn English...
• 400 most common English words, Self-instruction dictionary for quick and reliable memorization, Verchinsky A., 2019 - 400 most common English words, Self-instructional dictionary for quick and reliable memorization, Verchinsky A., 2019. If you memorize English words by ... English Dictionaries, Vocabularies
• 100 most necessary and easy to remember English words in 100 minutes, English-Russian self-teaching dictionary, Verchinsky A., 2018 - 100 most necessary and easy to remember English words in 100 minutes, English-Russian self-teaching dictionary, Verchinsky A., 2018. These words of the famous poet... English Dictionaries, Vocabularies
• 1000 easy to remember English words in two days, English-Russian self-teaching dictionary, A. Verchinsky, 2020 - 1000 easy to remember English words in two days, English-Russian self-teaching dictionary, A. Verchinsky, 2020. These words of the famous poet are absolutely impossible better … English Dictionaries, Vocabularies

The following textbooks and books:

• Petrological English-Russian explanatory dictionary, Volume 2, Tomkeev S.I., 1986
• Petrological English-Russian Explanatory Dictionary, Volume 1, Tomkeev S.I., 1986 - The dictionary, compiled by the famous English geologist S.I. Tomksev and prepared for publication by his friends and colleagues, provides clear, brief ... English-Russian, Russian-English dictionaries
• Dictionary of Slang in North America, Great Britain and Australia, Dictionary of English slang, Features of the use of slang in North America, Great Britain and Australia, Matyushenkov V.S., 2012 - This dictionary has no analogues in either domestic or foreign lexicography. The compilation of a slang dictionary is caused by developmental features modern communication, … English-Russian, Russian-English dictionaries
• 200 prepositions of the English language, English-Russian educational dictionary, Petrochenkov A.V., 2004 - The dictionary includes 200 prepositions - almost all simple and complex prepositions in English. Given Full description their meanings, illustrated with examples... English-Russian, Russian-English dictionaries

Previous articles:

• New English-Russian Russian-English dictionary with a grammar application, Popova L.P., 2016 - The new English-Russian Russian-English dictionary will provide invaluable assistance in the process of learning English. Contains about 40,000 words and phrases. IN … English-Russian, Russian-English dictionaries
• New English-Russian, Russian-English dictionary, Lapitsky A.N., Yakimov M.V., 2005 - The dictionary includes about 60,000 words, phrases and expressions. It reflects the modern functioning of the English language as a phenomenon of world culture... English-Russian, Russian-English dictionaries
• English-Russian educational dictionary, All the most common phrases with verbs, Simple and clear, Litvinov P.P., 2011 - The proposed educational dictionary of verb phrases will help English language learners expand their vocabulary and quickly master orally. The dictionary includes 600... English-Russian, Russian-English dictionaries
• English-Russian Picture Dictionary, Angela Wilkes, Colin King, 1998 - This book is intended for anyone learning English. In it you will find hundreds of the most common words, arranged in alphabetical order... English-Russian, Russian-English dictionaries

Each army has its own system of military structures. And they are a little different from each other. I suggest getting acquainted with the systems of the USA and Great Britain, because they are the ones we see so often in films, TV series, and also computer games.

Let's start with the type of troops ( a branch). There are five of them in the US Army:

• The Army- all ground forces. They also have tanks at their disposal ( tanks) and heavy artillery ( heavy machine guns).
• The Marine Corps (Marines) - Marines. Cool guys who most often appear in films and save everyone. Also known as rapid reaction forces.
• The Navy- Navy. Their job is to deliver Marines to the battlefield. They have ships at their disposal ( ships), submarines ( submarines), as well as aircraft carriers ( aircraft carriers).
• The Air Force- air Force.
• The Coast Guard- Coast security.

In addition to the above types of troops, there are units that have special tasks, for example:

• The United States Navy SEAL- an abbreviation for the words “sea”, “air” and “land” ( SEa, Air and Land). Literally a seal- fur seal. It's funny that a unit with such a cute name is engaged in such a serious task as reconnaissance, and also conducts sabotage and search and rescue operations. If you're interested in watching them work, watch the movie Captain Phillips. Exactly " Seals"rescued Tom Hanks' character from pirates.
• SWAT (Special Weapons And Tactics – special weapon and tactics) are involved in high-risk operations where the knowledge and skills of regular police officers are lacking. In Russia, a similar unit is called SOBR ( special squad quick response).
• The United States Army Special Forces- US Army Special Forces or simply Special Forces, also known as the Green Berets ( the Green Berets).

The British Army consists of:

• ground forces - British Army;
• naval service - Naval Service;
• royal air force – Royal Air Force (RAF);
• special forces: SAS (Special Air Service– special air service) and SBS (Special Boat Service– special boat service);
• medical service of the armed forces - The Defense Medical Services of the Armed Forces. Interestingly, the UK medical service is one of the most powerful in the world.

As for military ranks ( military ranks), which can be recognized by looking at the shoulder straps ( an insignia) military, then in the USA and Great Britain their general hierarchy is as follows:

It is interesting that such a rank as ensign does not exist in the armies of these countries. The closest rank to him is warrant officer. In addition, the US Army has a drill sergeant ( a drill sergeant), who trains soldiers in a boot camp ( a boot camp). Speaking about the military, one cannot fail to mention the partisans ( guerillas). The main thing is not to confuse them with gorillas :-)

Often in computer games or films about special forces there are three abbreviations. I propose to find out what is hidden under them:

• POW (prisoner of war) - prisoner of war.
• KIA (killed in action) - died while performing military duty.
• M.I.A. (missing in action) - missing.

Now let's get acquainted with the general hierarchy of military units.

Now is the time to watch the practice video correct pronunciation the above words, especially such insidious ones as a colonel, a lieutenant And a guerilla.

• an ally– ally;
• a battle– battle;
• a bullet– bullet;
• a ceasefire– ceasefire, temporary truce, silence;
• a coalition– coalition;
• a counter-offensive– counter-offensive;
• guerilla warfare– guerrilla warfare;
• a grenade– grenade;
• IED (improvised explosive device) – homemade explosive device;
• an incursion– invasion;
• a militant (militia) – partisans (partisans);
• a missile– ballistic guided missile;
• a death– mortar;
• an offensive– offensive;
• an onslaught– assault;
• a rocket– rocket;
• a RPG (rocket propelled grenade) – RPG (anti-tank hand grenade launcher);
• sanctions– sanctions;
• shrapnel– debris from a grenade explosion;
• a treat– an agreement between countries (for example, to end a war);
• troops– troops;
• a true– truce;
• UNSC (United Nations Security Council) – UN Security Council;
• to advance– to advance;
• to launch– launch;
• to repel– to beat off, to reflect;
• boots on the ground– land operation;
• ground forces- ground troops.

Some military terms and expressions have long been firmly established in the everyday vocabulary of native English speakers. What words are there, even the phonetic alphabet is used not only by officers, but also by mere mortals. For example, alpha-bravo-charlie means ABC, Barbara-bench-flower – BBF (best friends forever). The latter was hardly used by the military, but you understand the principle :-)

If you have long dreamed of watching war films in English or just want to expand your vocabulary with interesting slang expressions, watch the video.

List of useful vocabulary from the video:

• AWOL (absent without leave) – absent (usually for unknown reasons);
• collateral damage– associated losses, negative side effects;
• a coup de grace- a fatal blow inflicted out of mercy;
• a dud– failure, disappointed person;
• fubar (soup sandwich) – complete confusion, difficult situation;
• a snafu– confusion, confusion;
• Uncle Sam (US) – Uncle Sam (US authorities);
• to have someone's six– protect, cover someone;
• Copy. - Understood.
• Roger. - Understood. / Will be done (usually upon receipt of a task or instructions).

Of course, this is not a complete list of military terms and idioms, but these are the ones that will be useful to you when watching movies, news, and in daily communication. Memorize new words, and let there be less and less in your English learning snafu Subscribe to new articles by the author

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