Female infertility doctor. Infertility in women: diagnose and neutralize! Surgical treatment of infertility in women

Successful infertility treatment primarily depends on the correct diagnosis and identification of the causes. Only a small percentage of cases of infertility do not respond to treatment. I propose to consider in more detail the problem of male and female infertility.

The problem of infertility most often begins to be considered not in a single person, but in a couple in a complex. These can be both regular sexual partners and a married couple. Doctors begin to raise the issue of infertility if a couple does not have a pregnancy without contraception for a year.

What is female and male infertility?

For a couple who wants a child, pregnancy occurs within three months, less often - after six months. The more time passes, the less chances of pregnancy. And, if for more than a year attempts to conceive a child have not been crowned with success, it is worth talking about a visit to the doctor.

Procreation issues are dealt with by a reproductive physician who prescribes a series of examinations for a couple, which can last 1-3 months.

Important: Some types of examinations for a woman are done only in certain phases of the menstrual cycle to obtain a more accurate result.

Based on the results of the examination, a diagnosis is made. We can talk about the infertility of a couple (when there is a violation in the interaction of the sex cells of partners), a woman or a man.

Infertility can be primary or secondary:

• If a woman has never had a pregnancy or none of a man's partner could get pregnant from him - primary infertility
• If a woman was pregnant (no matter with what outcome) or some partner of a man had a pregnancy - infertility is considered secondary

Common causes of infertility

Remember that infertility can be absolute (the possibility of conception is excluded) and relative (pregnancy is possible under certain conditions). There are 4 factors that distinguish absolute infertility - this is the absence:

• sperm or their activity
• uterus (or its underdevelopment)
• appendages (or their anomalies)
• fallopian tubes

There are quite a few reasons for the occurrence of relative infertility:

• Age.
  Women after 35 years old suffer from a decrease in the number or natural aging of eggs. Fertility in men can remain high even up to 60 years, since the decrease in testosterone levels and sperm activity occurs very slowly and almost imperceptibly
• The use of drugs, alcohol, addiction to tobacco products - these substances strongly affect fertility - natural fertility - of a person. Sperm activity decreases, women have less chance of conception
• Overweight and diseases associated with its presence (diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, etc.). Excessive thinness can also provoke reproductive dysfunction.
• Infectious diseases and their consequences
• STDs (gonorrhea, syphilis, etc.)
• Medications
  Certain medications negatively affect fertility

Important: Do not self-medicate. Many drugs are selected individually after consultation with a doctor.

Medicines that affect reproductive function and cause infertility

Most vaccinations are aimed at protecting against diseases that can cause infertility: measles, rubella, mumps. However, recently (namely, since 2006) it became known about the vaccine against HPV - the human papillomavirus, which leads to a number of complications, including cervical cancer.

The benefits of vaccination are rather dubious, but the consequences are frightening. In many countries, including Russia, after vaccination, there was a jump in the number of girls and women who were diagnosed with infertility after vaccination. The vaccine contains human cholionic gonadotropin, which is a hormone necessary to maintain pregnancy.

IMPORTANT: In combination with the components of the vaccine, the body produces antibodies against this hormone, which leads to the inability of the normal course of pregnancy.

Medications that can adversely affect reproductive function differ in nature.

• For women, the greatest danger is posed by hormonal medications that cause malfunction in the body. Frequent use of emergency contraception or improperly selected oral contraceptives can significantly reduce fertility and lead to a number of serious complications
• Men are threatened with infertility by anabolic steroids that affect sperm, long-term use of antibiotics. Chemotherapy carries tangible, sometimes irreversible harm to male reproductive function

Depression and infertility. Influence of the emotional state on the function of childbirth

In addition to medical health problems, emotional conditions can lead to infertility. In this case, they talk about psychological (psychogenic) infertility.

In women, the body in a state of stress is weakened, therefore, bearing a child is more difficult. For normal reproductive function, it is necessary to remove the source of depression (or resort to the help of doctors to treat it) and calm down. The main reasons for the development of depression:

• Obsessive desire to get pregnant
• Unwillingness or fear to become a mother
• Constant stress caused by heavy loads, psychological pressure from the outside, financial problems

The existence of psychogenic infertility in men has not been proven. However, the mechanism is similar to that of women: emotional disturbance negatively affects reproductive function and leads to a decrease in the number of active sperm.

The main causes of female infertility

Absolute infertility can be caused by a number of factors; it does not respond to treatment regardless of the time of its diagnosis. The reasons may be problems with the uterus:

• Infantilism
• Hypoplasia (underdevelopment)
• Two-hornedness (presence of a septum in the uterus)
• Injury or removal of the uterus

The absence of ovaries, fallopian tubes or their obstruction can also lead to absolute infertility.

Fortunately, relative infertility is different in that it is treatable. In most cases, with the correct diagnosis, a woman can conceive and bear a child on her own. The reasons for relative infertility can be:

• Endocrine Disorders
  Caused by hormonal problems in the body. These include anovulation (lack of ovulation), lack of progesterone (a sex hormone necessary for bearing a fetus), various lesions of the ovaries (cyst or polycystic, leading to a lack of egg production, tumor, inflammation), endometriosis (endometrial tissue clogs the fallopian tubes), excess prolactin (a hormone that prevents pregnancy)
• Immune problems
  Immune diseases lead to the development of immunity to the partner's sperm
• Tubal form of infertility
  Due to obstruction of the fallopian tubes

Hormonal disorders in a woman's body and infertility

Hormonal (endocrine) disorders include:

• Anovulation (no ovulation)
• Lack of progesterone (the sex hormone needed to carry a fetus)
• Various lesions of the ovaries (cyst or polycystic, leading to a lack of egg production, tumor, inflammation)
• Endometriosis (endometrial tissue clogs up the fallopian tubes)
• Hypotolamo-pituitary dysfunction leads to excess prolactin (a hormone that prevents pregnancy)
• Hyperandrogenism (excess of male sex hormones)

The main cause of hormonal infertility is endocrine disorders associated with pathologies of the thyroid gland, adrenal glands, which leads to a disruption in the production of hormones.

Important: The main symptom of hormonal imbalance is the absence of menstruation for more than six months.

Ovarian cyst and infertility

The ovaries are the most important organs in the female reproductive system in which eggs mature. The most common disease of this organ is a cyst. This name is a hollow formation at the site of a maturing follicle, filled with fluid. The reasons for education can be different:

• Hormonal imbalance
• Failure of the menstrual cycle
• Abortion
• Heredity

The presence of a cyst does not always lead to infertility. The cyst often resolves on its own without requiring surgery. Only when there is a threat of its rupture do they resort to removing this formation.

Important: A regular visit to a gynecologist will allow you to determine the possibility of resorption of the cyst within several menstrual cycles, as well as to decide in time whether it is necessary to remove it.

Abortion as a cause of infertility. Infertility after surgical and medical abortion

Reasons for secondary infertility:

• Age - a decrease in fertility is observed after 30-35 years.
• Hormonal changes
• Incompatibility with a partner
• Gynecological diseases and STDs
• Lifestyle - unhealthy diet, bad habits and other factors that have a detrimental effect on the reproductive function of the female body
• Sequelae of surgery, ectopic pregnancy, or complications from childbirth or abortion

Unfortunately, abortion is one of the most common causes of secondary infertility.

Important: Both medical and surgical abortion are equally dangerous.

• Medical abortion does not involve surgery; it is done by taking medications that cause fetal death and miscarriage. The consequences can be quite deplorable: an allergic reaction of the female body, hormonal imbalance, bleeding after a miscarriage and the occurrence of inflammatory processes that adversely affect reproductive function
• Surgical abortion is a traumatic procedure during which the fetus is scraped out of the uterus. Complications after this intervention can lead to infertility: adhesions and scars on the uterus, uterine bleeding, trauma to the cervix, infection
• In addition to medical problems, abortion can lead to psychological infertility.

Video: Abortion all pros and cons

Diagnosis of infertility in women

For the treatment of infertility, it is extremely important to timely identify the causes and establish the correct diagnosis. For this, a number of studies are used:

1. Ultrasound of the pelvic organs helps to identify pathologies of the genital organs, determines the patency of the fallopian tubes, determines myoma and polycystic
2. Measurement of basal temperature - for a long time, a graph of temperature changes in the morning and evening is drawn up, which helps to determine the functionality of the ovaries
3. Tests for infections
4. Bacteriological cultures
5. Hormone tests
6. Hysteroscopy - using an optical instrument equipped with a mini-video camera, the uterine cavity is examined
7. A postcoital antibody test is done to establish spouse compatibility

In cases of an unknown cause of infertility, additional examinations are prescribed. For example, laparoscopy, in which the internal organs are examined with an optical instrument through a puncture in the abdominal cavity. The procedure is performed under general anesthesia.

You may also be offered a hysteroscopy to look at the uterus. During the procedure, the uterine cavity is filled with a solution and, using a thin tube with a camera inserted through the vagina, the condition of the walls and mucous membrane is assessed. A biopsy may be taken if necessary.

• Give up smoking, alcohol and drugs
• Monitor your weight - being overweight or too thin is equally detrimental to fertility
• Avoid vitamin deficiency, watch your diet
• Visit your gynecologist regularly
• Do not self-medicate
• Refrain from casual sex

Video: Prevention of female infertility

The main causes of male infertility

Male infertility is no less common than female infertility. In half of the cases of problems with conception in a married couple, it turns out that the matter lies precisely in the man's reproductive system. The male reproductive system consists of two parts: the external and internal genital organs.

The main causes of male infertility are:

• Cryptorchidism is the absence of one or two testicles in the scrotum. Pathology occurs even during intrauterine development and in most cases is not treated immediately, since the testicles can still descend in the first year of a baby's life
• Hypospadias - displacement or shortening of the urethra
• Varicocele - a decrease in the outflow of blood from the genitals due to elongated veins or their expansion
• Hypogonadism - poor genital development or lack of secondary sexual characteristics
• Infectious diseases (STDs, mumps)
• Hormonal Disorders - Lack of Testosterone Production
• Sexual dysfunction - premature ejaculation, erectile dysfunction

Does prostatitis lead to infertility?

• Prostatitis - inflammation of the prostate gland, which leads to a decrease in sperm count and decreased sperm motility

Immunological infertility in men

• Immunological infertility - a man's body produces antisperm bodies (ASATs) that attack sperm. It occurs most often as a result of trauma, when sperm cells enter a man's bloodstream and trigger an immune response. In addition to injury, such infertility can lead to varicocele, STDs, inguinal hernia and inflammatory diseases in the genitals.

Hereditary male infertility

• Genetic infertility is a chromosomal abnormality that is inherited. It can be expressed in the presence of an extra chromosome or an abnormal set of chromosomes. Underdevelopment of the vas deferens is also referred to as hereditary infertility.

Prevention of male infertility, video

• The main prevention of infertility is a regular and timely visit to the doctor.
• Healthy lifestyle
• Elimination of chemical factors (for example, harmful effects at work)
• Treatment of inflammatory diseases
• Surgical treatment of diseases of the genital organs, hernias, tumors
• Regular sex life

Choosing a clinic for the treatment of infertility. What should you pay attention to?

The main role in the treatment of infertility is played by the choice of the clinic and the attending physician, because a correct diagnosis is the key to a successful recovery. There are several ways to choose:

• Searching on the Internet is convenient for its accessibility and the presence of forums for patient reviews, where you can ask your questions. On the websites of many clinics, you can find statistics of successful treatment results. However, the virtual information may be incorrect.
• Recommendations - you can talk live with a person, find out about the conditions of the clinic, the attitude of the staff, the cost, etc. In this case, you will have to deal with the human factor. Diagnoses, treatment, results - all this is individual for each couple, so is it worth listening? ...
• Personal visits to clinics - you can personally assess the conditions, the proposed diagnostics, communicate with the staff, evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of a number of institutions before making a decision. Pay attention to the interior, the availability of diplomas and certificates (whether they meet your requirements)

Important: Immediately pay attention to the availability of a license.

Folk remedies for infertility: royal jelly, bee bread, honey and others

Sometimes traditional medicine helps to cope with secondary infertility.

• Honey - it is recommended to take 100-200 g of honey dissolved in water every day. Take one and a half hours before meals. Honey with royal jelly in a 1: 2 ratio has a good effect.
• Royal jelly and bee bread - increases the likelihood of conception, in men it leads to an improvement in potency. Bee bread goes well with honey water, the daily dose should not exceed 30 g. Royal jelly is infused with vodka for about a day in a ratio of 1: 2. Take this infusion 15 drops an hour and a half before meals.
• Izmagen is a perennial growing in Siberia. Its action is aimed at normalizing the amount of hormones and treating inflammatory processes in the reproductive system. It is also used to eliminate ovarian cysts and uterine fibroids. Take daily before meals in the form of a decoction (2 tablespoons) or vodka tincture (half a teaspoon each)
• Sage - recommended for women over 35 to normalize the amount of female sex hormones. Drink one glass of infusion every morning. When taken in a one month course, acts as a rejuvenating agent

Important: At high dosages, it may cause allergies or poisoning

• Geranium oil - anti-depressive and anti-inflammatory. Can be used as aromatic oil. For oral administration, dilute 3-4 drops in warm water and mix with a teaspoon of honey. Take 3 times daily before meals

Sterility is not a sentence. In most cases, we are talking about relative infertility, which is treatable with the timely detection of the causes of its occurrence.

Video: Female infertility is not a sentence

If you have been diagnosed with infertility, then this is not a reason to despair, believe me. The fact is that modern medicine has reached the level at which the most advanced technologies are used. Therefore, infertility, which until recently was an insoluble problem, is successfully treated in modern medicine. Millions of women around the world confirm this and become happy mothers of a long-awaited child.

Various methods are used in medical practice to treat infertility in women. Conventionally, they can be divided into two groups. The first group - methods of EEF (restoration of natural fertility). These include: hysteroscopy, laparoscopy and in women who cannot get pregnant. The second group - ART methods (assisted technologies in reproduction). These include artificial sperm, IVF, etc. A particular method of treating infertility in women is selected taking into account the age of the patient, as well as the reasons that influenced the manifestation of infertility.

Thus, doctors, based on the type of infertility, prescribe this or that type of treatment. For example, endocrine infertility in women is associated with disorders in the endocrine system and a violation of the ovulation mechanism. Very often, such a problem occurs in women who gain weight too quickly, or vice versa - have lost a fairly significant amount of excess weight. Endocrine infertility is treated with hormonal drugs, which in more than 80% of cases leads to a long-awaited pregnancy in the first year of treatment.

Tubal infertility in women is also a very common diagnosis, which occurs in every third woman. This disease bears this name due to the inability of a woman to become pregnant due to a violation of the patency of the fallopian tubes. The main causes of tubal infertility: endometriosis, uterine fibroids, previous abortions, sexually transmitted diseases, inflamed fallopian tubes, operations on the pelvic organs. The task of the doctor in this case is to diagnose tubal infertility and restore the reproductive system. The process of tubal infertility takes place in several stages:

• elimination of inflammatory processes in a woman's body;
• elimination of the problem of obstruction of pipes;
• drug correction of violations and changes in the functions of the tubes in the uterus;
• activation of the reproductive system.

If the doctor has diagnosed a partial obstruction of the fallopian tubes, then a method can be offered as a treatment. This is a lane operation, during which several punctures are made in the abdominal wall, after which air is pumped into it, due to which access to the internal organs appears. Using a device with a video camera, which is inserted through the puncture, the camera captures what is happening inside the body. Another device is involved in the operation - a manipulator, which is the "doctor's hands". The operation is performed both under local and general anesthesia.

If a woman consults a doctor with the problem of inability to become pregnant naturally, and after diagnosis no visible pathologies have been identified, then she may be offered in vitro fertilization or. This method of treating female infertility is considered one of the most effective. Treatment consists in the fact that the doctor transplants the fertilized eggs into the uterus, while the fertilization itself does not take place in the woman's body, but in the clinic's laboratory.

Treatment of immunological infertility is carried out by taking medications that are selected so that they affect the immune response.

Thus, we found out that there are a lot of methods of treating female infertility in modern medicine, and all of them are really effective. Therefore, in no case despair and believe that you will definitely become the mother of the long-awaited child!

Good luck and good health!

Specially for Ira Romaniy

The REMEDI Institute for Reproductive Medicine carries out all types of infertility treatment in Moscow, we use the most modern drugs and technologies. We believe that every couple should have the opportunity to have a child - it just sometimes requires the help of a doctor. Often, reproductive function in women and men can be restored with the help of medications and surgery. In cases where this does not help, our doctors will offer IVF and other assisted reproductive technologies.

Many couples choose REMEDI Fertility Center because:

• 95% of women who come to us achieve pregnancy within 1 year of observation and treatment in our clinic. With us, you can undergo a full examination that will help assess your reproductive health (including genetic diagnostics), and receive all types of treatment. The result is important for us.
• We help women of any age to have a long-awaited child.
• Experienced doctors work with patients at REMEDI, each of whom is an expert in their field.

Infertility reasons

There is a common misconception that if a couple is unable to conceive a child for a long time, the reason should be sought from the woman. But statistics show that in about half of cases, infertility is associated with impaired reproductive health in men. Sometimes disorders that interfere with the onset of pregnancy are found in both partners, and sometimes their cause cannot be identified at all.

In order for a woman to become pregnant, four conditions must be met:

1. A woman should be ovulating: It is necessary that once a month a follicle containing an egg that can be fertilized by a sperm matures in the ovaries.
2. A woman's reproductive system organs should function normally. Her fallopian tubes should be patent and her uterus should have normal anatomy.
3. A man's testicles should produce normal sperm..
4. The couple must have regular intercourse and not use contraception.

Why does infertility occur in women?

The causes of female infertility can be divided into three groups: ovulation disorders, disorders of the fallopian tubes and uterus.

In every fourth case, the cause of infertility is a violation of ovulation. The disorder can be suspected by a change in the duration of menstrual cycles: if they are very short (less than 21 days), long (more than 35 days), or irregular.

The most common condition leading to female infertility is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)... In this case, a hormonal imbalance occurs, which leads to a violation of ovulation. PCOS manifests itself in the form of obesity, hirsutism (excess facial hair growth), and acne.

At hypothalamic dysfunction the work of the hypothalamus is disrupted - a special formation in the brain that controls the work of the endocrine system. As a result, the pituitary gland ceases to normally produce hormones that stimulate ovulation - follicle-stimulating and luteinizing.

Oocyte maturation and the production of sex hormones in women under 40 may be impaired due to primary ovarian failure- a disease that can develop due to genetic reasons, autoimmune conditions, after a course of chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Impaired estrogen production and infertility can be caused by an overproduction of the hormone prolactin by the pituitary gland.

Violation of the patency of the fallopian tubes is caused by inflammatory processes in the pelvic organs, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), endometriosis, etc.

The implantation of the ovum in the uterus can be interfered with by polyps, fibroids, anatomical abnormalities, adhesions in the uterine cavity, and inflammatory processes.

The risk of infertility is increased in women who smoke, abuse alcohol, are too low or overweight, and have had sexually transmitted infections. The chances of getting pregnant decrease with age, as the number and quality of oocytes in the ovaries decreases.

Male infertility

The main causes of infertility in men:

• Genetic disorders.
• Sexually transmitted infections.
• Inflammation of the testicle (orchitis) with mumps in the past.
• Varicocele - varicose veins of the testicle.
• Genital trauma.
• Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.
• Taking anabolic steroids.

Postponed courses of radiation therapy and chemotherapy for cancer.

Sometimes the cause of infertility cannot be found. Both partners have some factors, each of which has a minor effect on reproductive function, but the combination of these factors does not allow conceiving a child. In such cases, a doctor can also help.

Fertility treatment for women

So, the causes of female infertility are very different. Therefore, first you need to figure out what exactly is not possible to conceive a child. After the initial consultation, the doctor may prescribe blood tests for hormones, an assessment of the ovarian reserve, an ultrasound of the pelvic organs, hydrosonography (an ultrasound method for assessing the patency of the fallopian tubes) and other studies. If necessary, future parents are referred to a geneticist for a consultation and genetic tests are performed.

When is it time to make an appointment with the doctor?

• If a woman is under 35 years old and has been unable to get pregnant for a year, despite having regular sex without contraception.
• If the woman is over 35 years old and has not managed to get pregnant within 6 months.
• If a woman is over 40 years old, you need to visit a doctor and get checked before planning a pregnancy.
  

For the treatment of infertility in women, medications are used, various options for surgical interventions, and if they are ineffective, they resort to assisted reproductive technologies.

Fertility drugs for women

Most women suffering from infertility are shown drug therapy. There are different drugs for the treatment of infertility in women:

• Selective estrogen receptor modulators affect estrogen receptors, causing, through a feedback mechanism, an increase in the release of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormone, which contribute to the maturation of oocytes and their release from the ovaries.
• Gonadotropins are drugs that themselves, like the pituitary hormones, stimulate the ovaries.
• Insulin sensitizers used for insulin resistance associated with polycystic ovary syndrome.
• Prolactin-lowering drugs effective in cases where infertility is caused by excessive production of prolactin by the pituitary gland.

Treatment for infertility should be prescribed by a doctor who can choose the right drugs and monitor the woman's condition while taking them. Drug therapy can lead to complications such as pregnancy with twins (usually risks within 10%), ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea - if pregnancy has not occurred, these symptoms can persist for several weeks).

Surgical treatments for infertility

If developmental anomalies or pathological processes in the uterus, obstruction of the fallopian tubes have led to infertility, in some cases the cause can be tried to be eliminated surgically. Various types of surgical interventions are performed, depending on the nature of the pathology.

During laparoscopic intervention, the following can be performed: tuboplasty (plastic surgery on the fallopian tubes), removal of ovarian cysts, dissection of adhesions in the small pelvis, removal of fibroids, treatment of endometriosis. During laparoscopic operations, two or more punctures are made in the abdominal wall, through one of which an instrument with a video camera, an endoscope, is inserted, and through the others, special surgical instruments are used to eliminate the pathology.

Some operations can be performed hysteroscopically - using instruments inserted through the vagina into the uterine cavity: dissection of adhesions inside the uterus, elimination of septa and other uterine anomalies, removal of polyps.

Assisted reproductive technologies

If available fertility treatments do not help restore fertility, resort to:

• - the introduction of the partner's sperm into the uterine cavity. The procedure is used for cervical infertility, ejaculation disorders and infertility of unknown origin.
• In vitro fertilization (IVF) - fertilization "in vitro" with subsequent transfer of the embryo into the uterine cavity.
• Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is an artificial injection of sperm into the cytoplasm of the egg, carried out as part of IVF.
• Surrogacy is indicated if a woman cannot tolerate pregnancy due to an anatomical defect or serious concomitant diseases.
• Egg donation is used when a woman does not have her oocytes due to genetic disorders, with ovarian wasting syndrome, after removal of the sex glands, in postmenopausal women.
• Fertilization with donor sperm can be carried out both in the insemination cycle and in IVF, depending on the clinical situation and the patient's age.
• germ cells.

The effectiveness of assisted reproductive technologies depends on the woman's age, the causes of infertility, the professionalism of the doctors and the equipment of the clinic in which the procedure is performed. In women under 35, on average, it is possible to achieve pregnancy and childbirth in 39% of cases (per 1 transfer), after 40 years the chances are reduced to 11% (per 1 transfer).

Psychosomatics of infertility in women

The psycho-emotional state can, to a certain extent, affect a woman's fertility. For example, frequent stress can lead to hormonal imbalances, resulting in reduced fertility. However, “psychosomatics” cannot be regarded as the main cause of infertility. Do not blame the impossibility of conceiving a child on subconscious fears and unwillingness to have children. The real cause of the disorder must be diagnosed by a doctor.

Female infertility is the inability of a woman to reproduce offspring. How to treat infertility in women? It is impossible to answer this question unequivocally. There are two types of infertility:

• absolute is marked by the impossibility of pregnancy, associated with abnormal changes in the genital organs (absence of ovaries, hypoplasia, etc.);
• relative - pregnancy does not occur even with a regular sex life without protection.

The main causes of female infertility

According to statistics, in about 15% of cases, the reasons cannot be established. The remaining cases are due to the following reasons:

1. Changes in the internal genital organs unusual for normal development (vaginal agenesis, uterine anomaly, uterine infection, etc.);
2. Inflammation in the pelvic area;
3. Tuberculosis of the uterus;
4. Enlargement of the ovaries due to cystic formations;
5. Polycystic;
6. Obesity;
7. Damage to the mucous membrane of the fallopian tubes;
8. Abortion;

Necessary factors for pregnancy

• In men, the process of spermatogenesis has an effective effect;
• Stimulation of ovulation (egg formation);
• Fusion and combination of structures of the mucous membrane of the cervix and sperm (cervical factor);
• Structurality of the shape and size of the uterine cavity;
• The patency of the tubes and their anatomical correspondence with the ovaries.

Infertility examination methods

When examining female infertility, a variety of methods are used:

• A survey is conducted to establish the frequency of intercourse, the technique of its conduct, orgasm during sexual intercourse;
• Anatomical features of the structure of the cervix;
• The presence of a number of motile sperm in the mucus 3 hours after intercourse.

Female infertility symptoms

The following symptoms are most common:

1. Hormonal disruptions in the body;
2. Regular changes in the menstrual cycle, accompanied by painful sensations. The discharge is profuse or scanty;
3. The disappearance of menstruation over several cycles (amenorrhea);
4. Change in the type of hairline. Too thick coating indicates the presence of a large amount of the male hormone - testosterone, if in a small amount, then a low level of estrogen;
5. Changes in body weight (decrease or increase);
6. Acne.

Basically, the above symptoms of infertility signal hormonal changes in the body, which negatively affect the occurrence of pregnancy.

Operable methods of diagnosing infertility

Hysteroscopy is a surgical treatment of infertility, which includes examination of the uterine structure using a special device. This method effectively diagnoses this disease.

This survey is carried out in the following cases:

• miscarriages;
• symptoms of primary or secondary infertility;
• pathological abnormalities of the uterus;
• bleeding, menstrual irregularities;
• myoma;
• unsuccessful IVF.

This analysis allows you to examine all sides of the internal cavity of the uterus and identify formations. The examination is a rather painful procedure, therefore it is carried out under anesthesia in a hospital.

When examining the internal structure of the uterus, the doctor has the opportunity to remove some formations or take a sample for analysis. After the operation, the patient is discharged shortly after the procedure.

Laparoscopy is performed in a similar way to hysteroscopy, but hysteroscopy involves observing the structure of the uterus using a special device that is inserted through the uterine pharynx. This method effectively diagnoses infertility.

Reasons for laparoscopy:

• symptoms of primary and secondary infertility;
• ectopic pregnancy;
• the appearance of uterine fibroids;
• obstruction of the fallopian tubes;
• ovarian cyst;
• adhesions.

This operation is painless, bloodless and seamless. After 3 days, the patient is discharged from the inpatient department.

Medical diagnostics

At the first visit to the doctor, he conducts a survey (history). The survey consists of finding out the following details:

• The specialist listens to the patient's complaints;
• Establishes heredity;
• Past illnesses;
• The regularity of menstruation;
• The constancy of the partner and the frequency of sexual intercourse.

After the anamnesis, a physical examination takes place, that is, they characterize body weight, type of hair growth and examination of the genitals.

At the third stage, functional tests are carried out:

1. A basal temperature graph is created, with the help of it, the presence of ovulation and the work of the ovaries are determined;
2. Measurement of hormonal activity - estrogen;
3. Postcoital test (presence of antibodies against sperm).

Laboratory tests:

1. Blood tests for hormones;
2. The content of antibodies in relation to sperm;
3. The presence of infectious diseases.

Instrumental tests:

1. Ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland and the structure of the small pelvis;
2. Tomography of the skull to detect disorders of the pituitary gland;
3. Colposcopy;
4. Radiography.

Surgical tests:

1. hysteroscopy for the purpose of examining the uterus and uterine is carried out using a special device that is inserted through the uterine pharynx. This method effectively diagnoses infertility.
2. Laparoscopy is performed by inserting an optical device through the uterine pharynx.

In rare cases, the causes of infertility are not established even after the tests have been performed.

Medical treatment of infertility in women

A popular means of conception is considered a doctor's recommendation - to have sex every night from the eighth to the eighteenth day after menstruation. It has been proven that during these periods, the likelihood of conceiving a child becomes higher. It is during these periods to make love, and after that the woman should lie down with her legs raised high, without using washing and douching. The posture when having sex is not of fundamental importance.

The process of treating infertility begins with suppressing the causes of dysfunction of the reproductive system.

For drug treatment include general strengthening, psychotherapeutic measures. An effective effect is provided by complex treatment that corrects the functions of the reproductive system - ovulation, gamete transport, implantation, egg activity.

How to get rid of infertility? To achieve the maximum effect from the treatment and the drugs taken, you need to follow a healthy lifestyle - food, walks in the fresh air, adherence to the regimen, emotional mood, and the absence of bad habits.

A beneficial effect on the stimulation of conception is produced by the use of vitamin E, a large amount of fruits, carrots, rose hips, eggs, lettuce, onions, sea buckthorn, peas, and liver.

Stimulation of ovulation by medication

To stimulate the activity of ovulation, a folliculometry procedure is performed.

Indications for stimulating ovulation:

• Infertility of unexplained genesis;
• Functional ovarian failure.

Treatment of female infertility with folk remedies

People have long wondered "How to cure infertility?"

There are many recipes for decoctions, tinctures and even conspiracies and prayers for pregnancy associated with the people.

The most popular and effective recipes are presented below:

• A good effect is brought by a compress, which is recommended to be done daily, applied to the lower abdomen. To prepare the compress, you need to boil the barley grains, wrap them in a cloth and apply them to the lower abdomen for 20 minutes. After this procedure, insert a tampon soaked in parsley sunflower oil and wrapped in woolen thread into the vagina;
• Take 2 tablespoons of dry wormwood herb and pour 300 ml of cold water, cover and let it brew for five hours. After that, boil, cool and take 5 tablespoons in the morning and evening;
• Preparation of tinctures from herbs of upland uterus, wintergreen, winter-lover. Take 50 g of the above herbs and fill it with alcohol or vodka. Insist for 10 days and consume 1 teaspoon every day;
• Pour a handful of plantain seeds with a glass of boiling water, boil again. Insist the broth, cool and take 1 tablespoon 3 times a day for 12 days;
• Brew a tablespoon of sundew herb with boiling water, let it brew for an hour. Take 2 tablespoons three times a day;
• Two teaspoons of dry roots of gentian cruciform are poured with half liters of boiled water, boiled over a fire for 10 minutes. Then they cool and take half a glass 30 minutes before eating;
• 3 tablespoons l Brew dry knotweed herb with boiling water and leave to infuse in a thermos. After that, take half a glass of broth 3 times a day;
• Tincture of uterine cloves is prepared as follows: pour 30 g of cloves with 0.5 liters of vodka. We insist for 10 days and use it 3 times a day 30 minutes before eating;
• Pour a pinch of Adam's herb root with a glass of boiled water, insist and consume 3 times a day.

Video: Fertility Treatment

Conclusion

Most often, infertility is a consequence of a complex of inflammatory and infectious diseases. Girls from an early age should think about future motherhood and take care of their health, follow a correct and healthy lifestyle.