These guys will be more terrible than all the alphas, GRU special forces and other airborne forces. Actions to carry out the tasks of engineering support for defense. Organizing the execution of the task by the commander of an engineer platoon to make passages in mine-explosive barriers.
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Soviet military miracle 1941-1943 [Revival of the Red Army] Glanz David M
Soviet military miracle 1941-1943 [Revival of the Red Army] Glanz David M
ENGINEERING (SEPER) TROOPS
Engineer and sapper regiments and battalions Throughout the war, the composition engineering troops
The Red Army included sapper troops as part of the active fronts and sappers under the authority of the leadership of the RGK or RVGK, who were allocated by the Headquarters to the active fronts and armies as needed. Both of them were supposed to be involved in the construction and renovation of defensive structures and providing various kinds of engineering support to field troops during offensive and defensive operations. Engineering troops as part of the active troops of the Red Army included separate sapper battalions (squadrons) in rifle and cavalry divisions, motorized engineer battalions in mechanized corps, sapper battalions (squadrons) in rifle and cavalry divisions, pontoon-bridge battalions in tank divisions , light engineer battalions in motorized rifle divisions
, sapper companies or platoons in rifle and cavalry regiments and in tank and motorized rifle regiments and brigades, as well as sapper platoons in regiments of the RVGK and corps artillery. Sapper battalions of corps and divisions consisted of three sapper companies of three platoons and a technical company in battalions of a corps or technical platoon in battalions of divisional subordination, a bridge-building platoon and a platoon secret weapon
The engineering troops of the RGK included 19 engineering and 15 pontoon-bridge regiments stationed in military districts, which the NKO formed in the first half of 1941 from 22 separate engineering battalions and 21 separate pontoon-bridge battalions. Of this number, ten engineer and eight pontoon-bridge regiments, seven engineer battalions and two sapper battalions were assigned to active fronts, two engineer and two sapper battalions were directly subordinate to the RGK, and the rest were located in military districts and inactive fronts.
The RGK engineering regiment consisted of a headquarters, two engineering battalions (one of them motorized), a technical battalion with electrical, electrical, defensive, hydraulic and camouflage companies, a light pontoon-bridge fleet (NPL), 35 engineering vehicles, 48 trucks and 21 tractors. The pontoon-bridge regiment included a headquarters, three pontoon-bridge battalions (but only one personnel), a technical company with platoons for road laying, bridge construction, lumberjacks, electrical and field water supply, the N2P pontoon-bridge park and an officer school equipped with pontoon bridges and technical equipment.
On the eve of the war, the military plans of the General Staff required the NCO to have in each field army at least one separate motorized engineer battalion, one motorized pontoon-bridge battalion and separate companies field water supply, camouflage, electrical and hydraulic technical support, a sapper training unit and a separate reserve pontoon-bridge park equipped with the N2P kit. In addition, each field army should have a reserve engineering regiment and a separate reserve technical company to perform special engineering tasks.
However, in addition to the general shortage of engineering troops existing on June 22, 1941 engineering regiment x and RGK battalions were missing from 35 to 60 percent of the regular command staff, from 20 to 70 percent of the regular sergeant majors. They were short on average 35 percent of their manpower and approximately 50 percent of their equipment.
In addition to the engineering troops, the People's Commissariat of Defense on the eve of the war also had 25 military construction departments. 23 of them were engaged in the construction of fortified areas and field defensive structures in the western military districts, along with the majority of engineer troops belonging to future fronts. As a result, with the outbreak of the war, most combat formations were deprived of the necessary engineering support.
When the Wehrmacht troops brutally defeated the Red Army during Operation Barbarossa, the already fragile Soviet engineering troops suffered big damage. The NKO responded to this by hastily and practically from scratch starting the formation of new engineer battalions for the RGK (later RVGK) with their subsequent allocation to the active fronts. For example, in July 1941, all engineer and pontoon-bridge regiments of the RGK were disbanded, and their remains were used to form 100 small sapper battalions, equipped only with rifles and other hand weapons, as well as entrenching tools, explosives and anti-tank mines. 25 such battalions were assigned to rifle corps, and another 75 to rifle divisions.
As a result total number engineer-sapper and pontoon-bridge battalions in the Red Army constantly grew - from 20 on July 1 to 178 on November 1, including 140 assigned to the active fronts. However, during the same period, engineering support rifle divisions decreased noticeably. For example, on July 29, the NKO disbanded the technical and pontoon platoons in the sapper battalions of the rifle divisions, and in July 1942, after the liquidation of the battalion's three sapper companies in December, he reduced the size of the battalion by 60 soldiers, also reducing the number of anti-tank and anti-personnel mines.
Starting from the first months of 1942, the NKO began to compensate for the shortage of engineering troops, giving the active fronts and armies one or two new engineer or sapper battalions, and the fronts - new pontoon-bridge battalions. Individual engineer battalions could be either foot or motorized, they consisted of three engineer companies with three engineer or motorized platoons and one technical platoon each (the latter had electrical, lumber and transport sections). The total strength of the battalion was 405 people. Individual sapper battalions had two or three sapper companies with a total strength of approximately 320 people.
While the number of separate engineer and pontoon-bridge battalions in the Red Army increased during the period described from 82 and 46 on January 1, 1942 to, respectively, 184 and 68 on January 1, 1944, the number of separate engineer battalions decreased from 78 to three .
Sapper brigades and armies
Although during the time initial stages During the German Operation Barbarossa, the number of engineering troops of the Red Army was greatly reduced, the State Defense Committee (GKO) ordered
Headquarters to build new strategic defensive lines and positions to slow down the Wehrmacht’s advance, using newly created engineering and sapper units for this purpose. For example, on June 24, the State Defense Committee ordered the construction of a strategic defensive line along the Luga River south of Leningrad, on June 25 - a second line from Nevel through Vitebsk and Gomel along the Dnieper to Dnepropetrovsk, and on June 28 - a third line from Ostashkov through Olenino, Dorogobych and Yelnya along the Desna to Zhukovka, 50 kilometers west of Bryansk.
As the Wehrmacht advance accelerated, the GKO in mid-July ordered Stavka to erect two more large defensive lines, the first to protect Odessa, the Crimean Peninsula and Sevastopol, the second to protect the approaches to Moscow. The Moscow line, which blocked the Wehrmacht's offensive in the Volokolamsk, Mozhaisk and Maloyaroslavets directions, began from Rzhev, went through Vyazma, south from the Moscow reservoir along the Lama River, then through Borodino and Kaluga to Tula.
Responsibility for the construction of these defensive lines was assigned by the Headquarters to Main Military Engineering Directorate NPOs and the Main Directorate of Hydraulic Construction ( Glavgidrostroy) under the NKVD. The first was to use military construction battalions subordinate to the front and army military field construction departments in the areas allocated to them for the construction of lines; in turn, the latter had to use its construction troops to build defensive lines in the deeper rear. When this organization of work turned out to be ineffective, the GKO on August 22 transformed Glavgidrostroy into the Main Directorate of Defense Works (GUOBR) under the NKVD and gave it responsibility for coordinating the construction of rear defensive lines.
Despite all the efforts of the State Defense Committee and the Headquarters, the rapid advance of the Wehrmacht inflicted heavy damage on the engineering troops of the Red Army, preventing most of them from taking part in the construction of defensive lines. The Germans forestalled many of Stavka's attempts to build defensive lines. In August and September, German troops overcame the Vitebsk-Gomel and Luga lines of the Red Army, and in early October they broke through the strategic defenses in the Vyazma and Bryansk sectors, encircling and destroying large forces Soviet troops. Alarmed by the possibility of the Germans reaching Moscow, the Headquarters formed the Moscow Defense Zone on October 12, which was to consist of a series of defensive belts around the city. The most important of them passed through Khlebnikovo, Skhodnya, Zvenigorod, Kubinka and Naro-Fominsk, along Pakhra and the Moscow River.
Since the Red Army lacked the engineering and construction troops needed to build these and other defensive lines, the GKO on October 13 ordered the NKO to form six engineer armies consisting of engineer brigades by November 1, 1941, and transferred all engineering and construction troops of the Red Army consisting of active fronts and in the rear under the command of the GUOBR (NKVD). Numbered 1st to 6th, these armies were formed in Vologda, Gorky, Ulyanovsk, Saratov, Stalingrad and Armavir, their total strength was 300,000 people.
The GKO assigned responsibility to the GUOBR for the creation of all rear defensive lines and positions by December 10, especially west of Moscow, and ordered it to prepare all personnel assigned to the newly formed sapper armies and other engineering troops of the Red Army.
Each sapper army was supposed to have approximately 50,000 people, mostly reservists under the age of 45. It was intended to involve personnel from engineering and construction units from active front zones, as well as other specialists mobilized in the rear. The sapper brigades consisted of 19 sapper battalions, one motor-tractor battalion and one mechanized detachment. By order of the State Defense Committee, the engineer army was to have 3,000 trucks, 90 passenger cars, 1,350 tracked tractors and 2,350 tractor-trailers, 12,000 wagons of building materials and the full number of necessary construction tools. In addition, the departments of other commissariats and the civilian population were involved in the construction of defensive lines.
By order of the State Defense Committee, the local population was mobilized for construction. These were mostly women, old people, schoolchildren and teenagers of pre-conscription age. By order of the military councils of the fronts and military districts, as well as regional and district party and administrative bodies, working battalions [mobilized] were formed from them, which were then subordinated to the sapper armies.
Ultimately, nine sapper armies were formed, numbered 1st to 9th. These armies consisted of 30 engineer brigades and had a total of 570 engineer battalions, numbered 1200 to 1465 and 1543 to 1771. The total number of sapper armies as of November 1, 1941 was 299,730 people. However, an acute shortage of engineering and construction troops limited the size and capabilities of these armies and brigades.
Each of the first nine engineer armies consisted of a headquarters and two to four separate engineer brigades. The engineer brigade included a headquarters, 19 separate engineer battalions, divided into three companies with four platoons each and a total battalion strength of 497 people, a mechanized detachment with one road and one bridge platoon, a lumberjack platoon, a position construction platoon and an automobile and tractor platoon with four departments. Although each engineer brigade was supposed to have a strength of 9,979 soldiers, most brigades remained understrength. As a result, the personnel of the sapper battalions, who were supposed to spend 12 hours a day on construction work and another two hours on military training, were forced to work on the construction of defensive structures for 12-14 hours a day and did not undergo any military training at all. The tenth sapper army, number 1, completed its deployment in the strip Western Front in January 1942, consisted of ten sapper brigades with eight sapper battalions each - a total of 80 sapper battalions and 45,160 soldiers.
Initially, the sapper armies were subordinate to the GUOBR under the NKVD, but worked under the direct leadership of the Main Military Engineering Directorate of the NKO. However, this organization of command turned out to be not entirely effective, and on November 28, the Headquarters subordinated these armies to the chief of the engineering troops of the Red Army. In December 1942, the chief of engineering troops assigned nine sapper armies and 29 sapper brigades to military districts and active fronts (two to the Western Front and one to the Karelian Front). By mid-January 1942, the structure of the Red Army engineering troops had expanded, now there were ten sapper armies, 40 sapper brigades, three engineer regiments and 82 engineer-sapper, 78 sapper and 46 pontoon-bridge battalions.
These sapper armies and brigades were primarily responsible for the construction of strategic defensive lines deep in the rear of the Red Army. The first of these lines, located in the Moscow, Stalingrad, North Caucasus and Volga military districts, were permanent in nature and consisted of complex system fortified battalion defensive areas and company strongholds located on likely directions of German offensive and around major cities. However, on December 27, 1941, after the Red Army's victory near Moscow, the GKO ordered the cessation of defensive work around Moscow so that more resources could be allocated to transport refugees, grain and bread for the needy population, and limited construction work on other defensive lines.
In addition to fulfilling their construction duties, the sapper armies also served as a training base for the engineering troops of the Red Army as a whole. For example, in November-December 1941, the NKO assigned two and then three battalions in each brigade the designation of training and ultimately transferred over 90 such battalions to the active fronts. Trained as ordinary engineering, pontoon-bridge or road-bridge battalions and staffed with the most experienced personnel, the units intended for transfer to the front immediately stopped all defensive work and engaged in intensive field training. After they left for the front, engineer brigades formed new battalions and companies to replace those who left. However, the chaos caused by the constant flow of personnel between the sapper armies and the active fronts negatively affected the effectiveness of the former's actions.
The ten sapper armies proved their worth during the Red Army's winter offensive of 1941-1942, helping to maintain security behind the lines while enhancing the engineering and sapper capabilities of the fronts. However, they turned out to be clumsy, ineffective and difficult to control, especially in a constantly changing combat situation. Therefore, in February 1942, the State Defense Committee ordered the NKO to disband half of the sapper armies and brigades, assign the rest to active fronts, and use the personnel of the disbanded troops to facilitate the formation of new rifle divisions and brigades.
In February-March, the NKO disbanded the 2nd, 4th, 5th, 9th and 10th sapper armies and six sapper brigades, increasing the number of the 7th and 8th sapper armies of the Southwestern Front, respectively, to five and ten brigades. In addition, he gave active armies and the Moscow defense zone there are four sapper armies, three separate sapper brigades and many newly formed special engineering units.
At the same time, the Main Directorate for the Formation and Recruitment of Red Army Troops under the NPO removed the command staff from the engineer armies and brigades for transfer to the active forces, and also reduced the number and strength of engineer battalions in the engineer brigades. The NPO took the second step in April, reducing the number of engineer battalions from 497 to 405 people, replacing motor-tractor battalions with companies with four motor vehicles and one tractor platoon in each, and reducing the number of engineer brigades to seven battalions with one motor-tractor company for a total brigade strength of 3,138 people.
At the end of June, two months after the completion of this reorganization, the NPO was faced with difficult task- stop the new summer offensive of the Wehrmacht, Operation Blau. In addition to providing support to the active fronts, the 1st, 3rd, 6th and 8th engineer armies of the NKO were supposed to strengthen the defensive lines west of Moscow, build new lines to defend the approaches to Stalingrad and the Caucasus, and allocate manpower from their ranks to compensate for losses in the Red Army.
Five sapper armies built these defenses at an accelerated pace, but on July 26, the State Defense Committee ordered the NKO to extract 400,000 people from non-combat units by August 20, including 60,000 sappers to assign them to combat formations. The remaining sapper armies and brigades were supposed to be reduced, since they “too large and organizationally immobile and cannot effectively carry out their tasks of engineering support for the combat operations of our troops, especially in offensive operations”.
The GKO intended to create more flexible and effective engineering troops, which the Headquarters could use in defensive and offensive operations in the most critical areas in the late summer and autumn of 1942. As a result, it was decided to disband the remaining sapper armies and part of the sapper brigades, and transform another part of the brigades into specialized engineering brigades designed to support active fronts.
By order of August 17, 1942, the NKO began transforming the remaining five sapper armies and 27 sapper brigades into defensive structures directorates (see the “Construction Troops” section below). Six sapper brigades were reorganized into engineering brigades of the RVGK, subordinate to the active fronts, and another 8 were disbanded. 30,000 people from the former 1st, 7th and 8th engineer armies were transferred to staff the newly formed rifle divisions. Later, already in September, the 1st, 3rd, 6th and 7th sapper armies were reorganized into the UOS (Defense Construction Administration), the 8th sapper army became the UOS in October. 12 sapper brigades became engineering brigades as part of the active fronts (see Table 9). The remaining 18 sapper brigades, assigned to the active fronts on October 15, now performed dual functions, providing the front troops with engineering support and serving as bases for the formation of new, more specialized engineering brigades and battalions.
Sapper armies and brigades made a significant contribution to the victories of the Red Army at Leningrad, Moscow and Stalingrad, preparing defensive lines, providing engineering support to the active fronts, and serving as a base for the formation of other, more specialized engineering troops transferred to the active fronts. For example, in 1941, nine engineer armies organized, trained, and fielded more than 150 specialized engineer battalions; in 1942, engineer armies and brigades formed 27 specialized engineering brigades of the RVGK, 23 of which served until the end of the war, and five still exist today. Finally, the engineer armies contributed more than 150,000 men to man and form new rifle divisions.
Engineering teams
Disbanding its engineer armies in the spring of 1942, the NKO at the same time took into account the demands of the front commanders, who proposed the formation of specialized and flexible engineering brigades that would better meet their needs. Therefore, at the same time, the creation of a wide range of new engineering brigades and battalions began. For example, responding to the March demand of the chief of engineering troops of the Western Front, the NKO began forming special-purpose engineering brigades (IBON) from April 18. The first of these, the 33rd Special Purpose Engineer Brigade of the Western Front, formed in May from the 33rd Engineer Brigade of the 1st Engineer Army, consisted of six engineer barrage battalions, two electrical battalions, one searchlight battalion, an electrification detachment, an electric generator train, a special technical engineering company, a motor transport company and four electrical engineering companies (seconded), with a total brigade strength of 4,757 people. Ultimately, the NKO formed six special-purpose engineering brigades by July 1 and eight more by November 1, giving their field troops one brigade per active front.
Although the structure of these special purpose engineer brigades could vary, most consisted of a headquarters, a motor-tractor company, five to eight engineer barrage battalions, one of which was converted into a special mine battalion in October 1942, an electrical battalion and an electrification detachment, with a total number of 3097 people per 5-battalion brigade. The brigade's main mission was to perform special tasks, such as the installation and removal of minefields, the placement of controlled minefields, and the creation of electrified and other obstacles, but they often had to carry out more dangerous combat missions. For example, the 33rd Special Purpose Engineering Brigade of the Volkhov Front used its battalions during the breakthrough of the blockade of Leningrad in January 1943 engineering barriers as assault groups.
In addition to these special purpose engineering brigades, the NKO also formed separate mine engineering battalions in April 1942. One such battalion was assigned to each of the anti-tank brigades of the Red Army with the task of erecting anti-tank barriers and destroying enemy tanks together with artillery troops.
The NKO continued this process at the end of the summer of 1942, when the formation of guards mine battalions began - the most interesting and most secret of all specialized types of engineering troops. In August, two Guards mine battalions were deployed to the Voronezh and North Caucasus fronts. By October 1, the field troops already had ten such battalions, as a rule, one battalion per active front. Formed specifically to carry out sabotage operations behind enemy lines, the battalions usually operated in small sabotage groups.
In addition to the Guards mine battalions, the NKO formed a Guards mine brigade in the Moscow Military District on August 17, subordinating it to the direct leadership of Headquarters. Formed from two engineer battalions of the 37th Engineer Brigade of the 1st Engineer Army, the 1st Guards Mine Brigade consisted of a headquarters group, a control company and five Guards mine battalions with a total brigade strength of 2,281 people. Like separate battalions, this brigade not only laid and removed mines, but also formed and deployed small groups to conduct sabotage operations (often in conjunction with partisans) against German communications and important rear objectives.
During the summer of 1942, the NKO also created a wide range of smaller specialized units, including five high-explosive flamethrower companies, several field water supply companies, and a drilling group artesian wells to provide active troops with drinking water.
In preparing the Red Army for major counteroffensives and the subsequent winter campaign, the Stavka ordered the NKO to form larger and more specialized engineer troops to support these offensives. As a result, many of the existing engineer battalions were consolidated into engineer engineer brigades (Isbr) in October, each of which consisted of four to five engineer battalions, a light pontoon-bridge fleet of the NLP and a motorized engineer reconnaissance company. Several of these brigades were formed as mountain engineering brigades, subdivided into four mountain engineering battalions, capable of operating effectively in mountainous terrain.
On November 12, responding to the demand of the chief of the engineering troops of the Red Army, Major General M.P. Vorobyov, the NKO transformed part of the sapper brigades into 15 engineering mine brigades (IMB), numbered from 1st to 15th. These brigades, responsible for creating operational obstacle zones, consisted of a headquarters, a headquarters company and seven mine engineering battalions with a total strength of 2,903 people.
In addition, on November 26, 1942, the NKO ordered the transformation of five sapper brigades of the Transcaucasian Front into mountain engineering and mine brigades of the RVGK (from 1st to 5th) in November-December. Each such brigade (gimbre) consisted of five mountain engineering mine battalions, the companies and platoons of which had horses and donkeys rather than tractors as vehicles; the total number of the brigade was 2,344 people.
In the fall of 1942, the NPO began to form larger and more efficient pontoon-bridge units - primarily because the Headquarters considered the consolidation of bridge-building units an important condition to achieve success in extended offensive operations. At the beginning of autumn, the NKO sent reinforcements to the active fronts and armies in the form of 11 separate pontoon-bridge parks of the RVGK, and in November 1942 formed two pontoon-bridge brigades and assigned them to the Stalingrad Front for use in the counter-offensive near Stalingrad. These brigades consisted of a headquarters company, three to seven (usually four) N2P motorized pontoon-bridge battalions, one DMP-42 pontoon-bridge battalion with a total bridge capacity of 50 tons, and several diving squads for underwater work. When the winter offensive unfolded, the NKO assigned the third pontoon-bridge brigade to the Leningrad Front in January 1943. In February, four new heavy pontoon-bridge regiments were added to these brigades, each consisting of two battalions equipped with the new 100-ton capacity TMP pontoon bridges.
During 1942, the NPO not only formed and transferred an impressive number of new engineering brigades to the active forces, but also strengthened the existing engineering forces, including new engineering units in existing structures. For example, engineer battalions were included in all new guards rifle and mechanized corps, and in the new tank corps- engineering mine companies.
Thus, by February 1, 1943, the structure of the Red Army engineering troops expanded and included 13 special-purpose engineering brigades, one sapper brigade, 17 engineer-sapper brigades (including five mountain), 15 engineer-mine brigades, 185 separate engineer battalions, ten separate Sapper battalions, one Guards mine brigade, 11 Guards mine battalions, three pontoon-bridge brigades, four pontoon-bridge regiments and 78 pontoon-bridge battalions.
All these special-purpose engineering brigades, engineer-sapper, engineer-mine, pontoon-bridge brigades and the Guards mine brigade, as well as pontoon-bridge regiments and mine-sapper and pontoon-bridge battalions, together with the guards mine battalions, were created by the NKO specifically to carry out specific combat missions during offensive operations, either as part of active fronts and armies, or under the direct control of Headquarters.
In 1943, the NKO continued to expand and improve the structure of its engineering troops. For example, in February, the formation of five rear barrage brigades began, consisting of five to seven engineer battalions each. The task of such brigades was to clear the liberated territory of mines and obstacles. After a long process of formation, the Headquarters in December 1943 transferred one of these brigades to the Moscow Military District, two to the newly formed Kharkov Military District, and one each to the North Caucasus and Ural Military Districts.
And more importantly, given the growing ferocity of ground battles and the increased strength of the Wehrmacht’s defenses, the NKO began on May 30 to create assault engineer brigades. Converted from existing engineer brigades, these new brigades consisted of a headquarters, five assault engineer battalions, one motorized engineer reconnaissance company, a light fleet for crossing rivers, a mine clearing company (including mine detection dogs), and a small logistics service. These new brigades were to provide assistance to the infantry and tank troops in overcoming well-prepared enemy defensive lines and fortified positions.
When the Red Army began new offensive operations in the late summer and early fall of 1943, clearing minefields became more important than laying mines. Therefore, the NPO began to replace the RVGK engineer-mine brigades with the RVGK engineer-sapper brigades, creating new and reorganizing existing engineer-sapper brigades to increase their efficiency. As a result, the number of mine engineering brigades in the structure of the RVGK decreased from 15 on February 1 to 12 on July 1, and by December 31 - to zero, but at the same time the number of engineering and sapper brigades increased from 12 on February 1 to 13 on July 1, and finally - until 22 on December 31, 1943. In addition, by July 1, 15 new assault engineering brigades were created, and by December 31 there were already 20 of them.
And finally, in June 1943, the NKO put into operation new tank regiments, equipped with 22 T-34 tanks and 18 PT-3 mine trawls. Formally, these regiments were not part of the structure of the engineering troops, but their main task was to clear passages through the numerous minefields installed by the Germans throughout their defenses.
Thanks to these NGO efforts, the size and diversity of the structure of the Red Army engineering troops increased sharply in two years - from 32 engineer brigades, three engineer regiments and 206 battalions of various types on January 1, 1942 to 68 brigades of various types, six pontoon-bridge regiments and 270 engineering and pontoon-bridge battalions on December 31, 1943. When the Red Army began the 1944 campaign, the structure of its engineering troops was already fully responsive to increased operational needs.
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Lieutenant Colonel A. Balshoy
The Corps of Engineers, which is part of each branch of the U.S. military, is dedicated to performing engineering support missions. It involves carrying out a set of measures to create necessary conditions for the daily activities of troops (forces) and successful implementation them combat missions in peacetime and war, as well as in providing assistance to federal ministries and departments to ensure internal security country, environmental protection, rational use natural resources and so on.
Based on the nature of the tasks performed, engineering support for the US Armed Forces is divided into three types: general engineering support, geospatial support, and combat engineering support.
General engineering support is aimed at the construction, maintenance and restoration of sea and river ports, roads and railways, bridges, military camps (forward bases), residential camps for refugees, prisoner of war camps, as well as logistics of military operations and environmental protection. Mostly civilian personnel are involved in their implementation on a contract basis.
Geospatial engineering support involves solving such problems as the formation and maintenance of a geospatial database, assessment of the terrain and creation of its visual image, distribution of geospatial information between consumers.
Engineering support for combat operations is a set of measures to increase the maneuverability of friendly troops (forces) and ensure their survivability, as well as to reduce the maneuverability of enemy troops. They are carried out, as a rule, by engineering units that are part of combat formations and associations of branches of the US armed forces.
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| Organizational structure of the engineering command ground forces USA |
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| * The total number of personnel of the US Army Engineering Command (excluding attached formations) is 245 military personnel (officers - 96, warrant officers - 7, soldiers and sergeants - 142). Typical engineering command structure (in theater) |
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| Typical structure of an engineering team |
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| Typical structure of an engineer battalion |
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| Typical structure of an engineering company |
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| Typical mobility company structure |
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| Typical structure of a pontoon-bridge company |
Solving the tasks of engineering support in the US Armed Forces is entrusted to the corresponding formations of the armed forces, which are represented by engineering (engineering and construction) commands (departments) and regular units that are part of the associations and formations of regular forces and reserve components.
In the ground forces (ground forces), the main structure that resolves issues of general and geospatial engineering support is the engineering command (headquarters in Washington, federal district Columbia), which reports to the Secretary of the Army. It consists of about 650 military personnel and up to 37 thousand civilian specialists.
This command is entrusted with the following main tasks:
- planning, design, construction of dams and other flood protection systems;
- design and construction management of military facilities;
- restoration and protection of the environment (cleaning the territory of former military facilities from hazardous waste and ammunition, restoration of the ecosystem, water areas, etc.).
The engineering command includes: headquarters, Humphrey Engineering Center, nine regional directorates (45 districts), financial center, engineering and logistics center, research institute water resources, center for design of water structures, center scientific research and development, a geospatial information acquisition center and the 249th Power Engineering Battalion. When a command is deployed to remote theaters of operations, it is assigned units and subunits of the 412th and 416th engineering commands (in theaters) of the army reserve.
Engineering support for combat operations of the US Army is entrusted to the regular engineering formations of formations, formations and units of regular forces and reserve components. They are divided into four types: control bodies of engineering formations during engineering operations, units as part of combat formations, main and special engineering formations.
The command and control bodies of engineering formations include the headquarters of engineering commands in the theater of operations, engineer brigades and engineer battalions. They supervise engineering forces and assets in the area of relevant operations.
Engineering Command deploys in the combat zone in the interests of the zonal command or joint operational formation (army corps) and, if necessary, carries out all types of engineering support. When deployed on a theater of operations, it includes units and units (including other types of aircraft) necessary to carry out the intended engineering operation.
Engineering brigade is part of the engineering command in a theater of operations or is deployed separately to conduct a corresponding operation in the interests of an operational-tactical formation (division).
The brigade is a modular unit that can include up to five engineering battalions and provide all types of engineering support if appropriate forces and means are available. In addition, other units may be subordinate to the formation headquarters in order to effectively solve certain problems (for example, organizing a cordon and regulating traffic when crossing water barriers).
Engineer battalion may be part of a theater engineering command, engineering brigade, or maneuver support brigade, or deployed separately during a minor (in scale) engineering operation in the interests of brigade- or division-level formations. Depending on the operation being carried out, the battalion headquarters is assigned up to five engineering companies of the corresponding focus (engineering, sapper construction, pontoon-bridge, etc.). In addition, when a battalion is deployed separately, a forward support company is included in its composition. All US Army engineer battalions (with the exception of the 249th Engineer Power Equipment Battalion) are capable of performing two types of engineering support tasks: general and combat support.
Basic and special engineering formations must carry out specific activities, the most important of which are: equipment, maintenance and restoration of communication lines; construction of protective shelters and other structures; construction of runways; production of continuous demining; equipment for water intake points.
The main engineering formations of the US Army include companies: engineering, mobility, pontoon-bridge, sapper, civil engineering, construction, as well as companies of engineering equipment and equipment.
Engineer company designed to conduct engineering reconnaissance, increase maneuverability and ensure the survivability of friendly troops and facilities, as well as to reduce the maneuverability of enemy troops. The number of personnel in the company is 103 military personnel (five officers, 98 soldiers and sergeants). As special equipment, it is armed with mine clearance systems based on the Husky G2 armored vehicle, M9 ACE universal engineering vehicles and M104 Wolverine tank bridge laying vehicles.
The unit may be attached to headquarters battalions of combat brigades or army aviation brigades of the US Army, and may also be organizationally part of an engineer battalion of a US Army engineering brigade. According to American regulatory documents an engineering company is capable of:
- deploy from two to five mobile groups (engineering, barriers, sappers or bridge layers) to solve specific engineering support problems in individual areas;
- lay a column track with a total length of up to 120 km in one day;
- make passages in mine-explosive obstacles and rubble (to overcome on foot - six and on vehicles - three);
- ensure the execution of engineering work by a force of 660 people per day;
- act as an infantry unit (if necessary). The mobility support company is used to conduct engineering reconnaissance, increase the maneuverability of friendly troops and reduce the maneuverability of enemy troops. Its strength is 118 military personnel (five officers, 113 soldiers and sergeants). The company's special equipment includes M139A1 "Volkeno" minelayers, M9 ACE universal engineering vehicles and Ml04 "Wolverine" tank bridgelayers.
The unit is assigned to headquarters battalions of combat brigades (based on a light or mechanized Stryker brigade - one company, in an armored brigade - two), and is also organizationally part of an engineer battalion of an engineer brigade or a maneuver support brigade of the US Army.
The mobility company is capable of:
- deploy from two to five mobile groups (engineer-sapper, engineer-assault or barrage) to solve specific problems of engineering support in certain areas;
- make passages in mine-explosive obstacles and rubble (to overcome them on foot - four, on vehicles - from two to four 1
);
- deploy four tactical bridges to overcome ditches and ravines;
- install more than 4.4 thousand linear meters of wire fences;
- act as an infantry unit (if necessary).
Pontoon-Bridge Company designed for the preparation, deployment and operation of pontoon-bridge systems when crossing water obstacles and overcoming sections of rough terrain. The number of personnel is 185 military personnel (five officers, one warrant officer and 179 soldiers and sergeants). As special equipment, the company is armed with M9 ACE universal engineering vehicles, Ml04 Wolverine tank bridge laying vehicles, heavy mechanized DSB bridges and an IRB pontoon bridge set.
The unit may be organizationally part of an engineer battalion of an engineer brigade of the US Army. When conducting operations to force various barriers, pontoon-bridge companies are included in the engineering battalions at the rate of one unit per two combat brigades.
In accordance with American regulations, a pontoon-bridge company is capable of:
- install one heavy mechanized bridge with a length of up to 40 m and a load capacity of up to 80 tons 2
to overcome ditches and water barriers or eight bridges 20 m long and 4.3 m wide;
- deploy a set of IRB pontoon bridges with a length of up to 210 m or six ferries of 35 m each across a water obstacle 3
.
Sapper company ensures demining of advance routes and locations of US ground forces formations. Its personnel number is 191 military personnel (six officers, 185 soldiers and sergeants).
The unit may be attached to headquarters battalions of combat brigades or army aviation brigades, and may also be organizationally part of an engineer battalion or engineer brigade of the US Army (at the rate of one unit per four combat brigades).
In accordance with American regulations, an engineer company is capable of:
- deploy from three to five mobile sapper groups to solve specific engineering support problems in certain areas;
- within 24 hours, carry out inspection and demining of two troop movement routes with a total length of up to 225 km;
- check and clear the territory within 24 hours with total area up to 8000 m2.
Engineering and construction company is engaged in carrying out repair and restoration work on roads and airfield runways, preparing construction sites for the construction of military infrastructure facilities on them, as well as laying pipelines and creating a drainage system. Its personnel number is 161 military personnel (five officers and 156 soldiers and sergeants).
A unit may be organizationally part of an engineer battalion of an engineer brigade of the US Army at the rate of one company per division (in defense at the rate of one company per combat brigade).
Construction company intended for installation and construction work on the construction or repair of military infrastructure, including sewerage, water supply and connection of energy systems. The company has 162 military personnel (five officers, three warrant officers and 154 soldiers and sergeants).
The unit may be organizationally part of an engineer battalion of an engineer brigade of the US Army. The company is capable of carrying out construction work at the rate of 1000 people/hour per day.
Company of engineering technology and equipment must carry out work on fortification equipment for the positions of ground forces units, clearing sites (without demining), and also provide the necessary technical support to other engineering units. The company has 122 personnel (five officers, 117 soldiers and sergeants).
The unit may be organizationally part of an engineering battalion of an Army engineering brigade.
In accordance with American regulations, a company of engineering vehicles and equipment is capable of:
- prepare within an hour 18 double trenches for standing shooting or 12 positions for group weapons crews;
- erect a protective rampart up to 200 m long within an hour;
- ensure the execution of engineering and construction work at the rate of 1,000 people/hour per day.
Special engineering formations of the US Army are narrow-profile units that are used only as part of engineering commands, brigades and battalions or are assigned to engineering companies of combat formations to increase their capabilities in solving assigned tasks. Special engineering formations include: power equipment companies; topographic companies; platoons of earth-moving machines; quarrying platoons; construction management, planning and engineering project development teams; concreting departments; advanced engineering support teams; fire departments; paver groups, divers and real estate operations groups. In addition, these could be well drilling units, service dog units, units for working with explosive substances, and geodetic information processing centers.
The US Army Corps of Engineers is a unique branch of the military in terms of composition and tasks performed. One of priority areas Their further development is the formation of an engineer battalion as part of each combat brigade, which will significantly increase the capabilities of the formation. In addition, it is planned to reorganize engineering units at the division and corps level. .
Another important direction in the development of engineering troops involves the use of weapons and military equipment in them, which, taking into account the experience of military conflicts of the last decade, makes it possible to more effectively carry out work on mine clearance and restoration of the destroyed infrastructure of populated areas.
According to the American command, the experience of using Army engineering units in Iraq and Afghanistan showed the high functionality of the existing structure of this type of troops and confirmed the correctness of approaches to its use in modern types wars and armed conflicts.
1 For armored brigades - two, for light and mechanized Stryker brigades - up to four.
2 If it is necessary to increase the load capacity to 110 tons, two twin axles are installed. Eight people deploy one 40 m long bridge in 1.5 hours (during daylight hours).
3 The bridge's carrying capacity is up to 100 tons. When crossing units in multi-purpose off-road vehicles such as Humvees, two-lane traffic is organized (at a current speed of up to 3.5 km/h). To transport bridge structures, the company has 56 vehicles. The installation of bridge structures and the movement of ferries is carried out using 14 boats.
Starship "Fouette". Second novella. Chapter 2. Engineer company.
The commander of the engineer company, Captain Gilbert Grant, did not hesitate for long. In the end, he was not obliged to risk his personnel and therefore sent all the dreaded tanks assigned to his company, all a dozen, to the plateau where they were to build a defense. Without infantry support, just accompanied by reconnaissance drones. Well, yes, it’s risky, tanks without cover are an easy target. Just in case, his people transferred their heavy weapons from traveling to standby mode. However, in the event of a sudden attack, this is unlikely to help, and is more suitable for complacency. According to intelligence data, there is no one and nothing on the plateau, but who believes aerial reconnaissance one hundred percent? If the enemy is not a fool and camouflages himself well, reconnaissance can go wrong, this has happened more than once. Oh, if only they had one orbital reconnaissance aircraft! But one can only dream about this; three days ago, the warring parties suddenly demolished from orbit everything that even slightly resembled the enemy’s spy satellites.
The squat, pancake-shaped vehicles crawled onto the line where Gilbert's company would form a defensive line and stopped. Grant carefully studied the picture on the terminal combat control. The synthesized image, built from information coming from dreaded tanks and drones, spinning with a quiet rustle over the future position, was overgrown with details. Having studied the image from different sides, he ordered the company to move towards the tanks and start building a defense, then contacted the commander and reported that his company had occupied the plateau.
That’s what you’re saying... Be more careful, Bert,” the slightly concerned voice of the boss, Erwin Fishbaum, sounded in the headset.
Erwin, is everything going according to plan? - Gilbert asked, catching a note of tension in the boss’s voice.
It's okay, Bert! There’s just a lot of work, so I’m sorry, I don’t have time for you now,” Erwin answered and hung up.
Grant thought about it. The boss is kind of twitchy today. Maybe there really is a lot of work? This campaign involves significantly more forces than usual, it is true. But what does this mean: “take a closer look”? This is not the first time he has worked under the boss, and he has never, frankly speaking, called for vigilance. Maybe the enemy’s intelligence began to work too well and the boss began to suspect that we had a “mole”?
Dela, remembering the reconnaissance of the brigade, Grant suddenly realized that they still had no information about who was fighting with them on this planet. That's how it is! Usually, analysts give a complete breakdown of who they are, where they came from, where they showed up, in what cases, the strengths and weaknesses of the enemy, right down to the personal characteristics of the commanders, which is a must-read. But this time - nothing, as if the enemy had appeared last week after lunch.
Reconnaissance vehicles pulled up and spread camouflage antennas, and sapper cyber-tanks began to drive towers with plasma turrets into the rocky ground. Gusts of wind played with dusty fountains, which installation manipulators gnawed out of the rocky ground. The wind blew the dust to the surface, where it continued to flow for a long time and lick the boulders, scattered in large numbers across the plateau.
Grant, once again meticulously examining the area, sent soldiers to mine the flanks. If a well-prepared enemy lands on them, the mines may not be of any use at all, but that depends on your luck. But when repelling a spontaneous attack on the move, it will be very useful, especially if the enemy sends heavy equipment not to the front, but from the flanks. Gilbert settled in without haste, thoroughly. This is understandable. If the company can withstand the first onslaught, then the people will be safe, and the authorities will believe that there is a reliable stronghold here. This means that the company will be kept here, maybe even reinforcements will be sent. No, this, of course, is unlikely... But they won’t withdraw from their positions in order to shut them up, unless Cosmos brings a breakthrough somewhere. This means there is a much greater chance of survival. Sabotage, raids behind enemy lines, everything that was Grant’s direct duties, had not yet been carried out on this planet. This means that the tension is extreme, we barely have time to fight back, to think through even a simple operation, there is no strength or possibility for more than two moves ahead.
Gilbert rotated the picture of the plateau on the terminal, carefully examining each new marker. There are no trifles here. After thinking a little, he sent three soldiers three hundred meters back to mount a couple of remote observation kits there, directing them to his rear. It’s unlikely that anyone would snoop around from there, but now Grant preferred to be cautious, even if it was excessive. Step by step, the defense came to life, and finally the terminal showed that the combat control cluster had taken control of all the equipment and had established two-way data exchange with them.
Serge,” Gilbert turned to the deputy, “check the energy of the towers so that they are fully charged.” And distribute to the fighters all the ammunition, all the spare energy cells, everything that is available.
The deputy, Serge Korsakov, raised his eyebrows in surprise.
Why is this still necessary? We’ll be tortured to take it back later! - he grumbled in response.
Give away, don’t be greedy, now we’re working for a generous owner! - Gilbert said cheerfully.
The dust cloud on the horizon was growing, it was visible even to the naked eye. From there, from beyond the horizon, came a strained, rolling sound, as if someone had released the tightly stretched string of a giant double bass. The sound was repeated, then again and again, until the peals merged into a continuous cannonade.
“Here we go,” Grant thought. - Artillery preparation from closed positions. They’ll probably hit you from about eight kilometers away.” The plateau reared up. If it weren’t for the rocky ground and the strong protection of the dreaded tanks, the company could have said goodbye after the first salvo. From the horizon, across the entire valley, dusty plumes stretched towards them. These were cyber tanks rushing forward, accompanied by motorized infantry. The distance to the forward positions was rapidly decreasing. Finally the plasma turrets came to life. Bluish plasma spits rushed towards the attackers in a dense cloud. The position was clouded with white clouds of exhaust. An almost inaudible series of bangs echoed over the plateau: one of the soldiers was firing from an anti-tank gun. Following the plasma, nimble missiles rushed towards the enemy. The tank line broke, some of the vehicles turned to the sides, towards the flanks. Infantry vehicles maneuvered, seeking cover behind tank armor. From their light protective field it seemed that the outlines of armored vehicles were floating in a trembling haze. If we add to this that the “chameleons” continuously changed the coloring of the cars, making them part of the landscape, it seemed as if waves were moving through the valley. The tanks, skirting lonely boulders, came close to the minefields. Grant grinned and even closed his eyes in pleasure. Now!
The first line of land mines allowed enemy vehicles to penetrate deep into the minefield, without even working on the rearguard. This was to make retreating more fun, but the second and third lines lifted the tanks into the air. The earth began to boil under the heavy vehicles, and fiery fountains erupted from under the armored monsters. Gilbert caught his eye on the figure of Korsakov, who was glued to the terminal, quickly distributing commands to the fighters. Grant glanced at the picture from the rear observers, empty and quiet. It seems that the first attack organized on a quick fix, they fought back. Now that gaps have formed in the enemy’s armored ranks, the main thing is not to lose the initiative and transfer fire to the motorized infantry. The enemy artillery started working again, and then Grant calmed down, if, of course, one can be calm, in the heat. It looks like the enemy is retreating, covering themselves with fire. Gilbert ran his eyes over the terminal. According to preliminary data, the company lost three soldiers killed, and a little less than a dozen were wounded. And this is only the first attack! Serious losses, no matter how you look at it. And the boss probably already knows. Although the information channels do not transmit data in real time, after the enemy retreated, the final report probably went to the command cluster. Maybe it's not so bad after all? You see, they will help suppress the enemy’s artillery?
Bert, can you hear me? - Erwin Fishbaum’s voice came through Grant’s headset.
Easy to remember! Of course, the old warrior will not miss the opportunity to once again touch his pride. Now it will be baked.
I hear you, boss, what will be the orders? - Grant said in a fallen voice.
Why not be in the mood? Are you expecting me to push you? You will not get it! - Erwin said cheerfully, - And how did it happen to you?
I've lost people, I know. “I’m sorry,” said Grant, picking at the ground under his feet with the toe of his boot.
Listen, Grant, stop being stupid! - the boss suddenly said. - In general, Gilbert Grant, thanks from me personally. Bonuses for you and your fighters.
The chief, having not heard an answer from Grant, who was speechless from the unexpected turn of affairs, continued.
Grant, can you hear me?
Gilbert was dumbfounded as he digested his boss’s words. Experience told him that now he should get a beating! For losses during the first contact with the enemy. The adversary will now gather his strength, get his bearings and launch a second assault. Surely enemy reconnaissance detected plasma turrets and firing points of the fighters in the defense. Now is the time for them to attack before the company has time to regroup.
“I hear,” Grant said quietly.
Tell me better, how did you figure out how to mine the flanks? - Erwin said interestedly.
Yes... in case they attack immediately, without reconnaissance and preparation. “They’re in trouble, otherwise mining would be of little use,” Gilbert replied.
In general, you understand, you knocked out almost half of the enemy’s armored vehicles from the vanguard. After which they rolled back. They feared persecution. By the way, it’s not in vain. Your neighbor, Nick Risovich, did not miss his goal,” Fishbaum said cheerfully.
After a pause, the boss continued:
Get ready, Grant, in a maximum of twenty minutes we will counterattack. Risovich thoroughly pinched the enemy’s artillery, so it’s possible to attack!
“Yes, boss,” Gilbert replied. - Should we completely withdraw from our positions, or leave cover?
Forward! - Fishbaum growled excitedly, - leave three or four people on the plateau to close down the defense, the rest, except for the reconnaissance platoon, will be transferred to the subordination of Risovich. And for you and the scouts there will be something more interesting.
“Yes, boss,” Grant responded in a wooden voice. He still couldn't come to his senses. However, this “more interesting” made him wary. Well, of course, it was in vain that the boss was generous with praise and bonuses! Appeared real work? Interesting!
Commander training did not allow Grant to remain in prostration for a long time. He quickly gave orders to his deputies and platoon commanders. Of course, the fighters had no particular desire to withdraw from the position, much less to attack, but the news of the bonus brought revival and things went smoothly. Having sent a transport with the wounded and dead to the rear, Grant contacted Risovich. Having received a more or less clear idea of what happened to the enemy after the retreat, Gilbert outlined on the map landmarks for his company to move forward. Then, without hesitation, he called the reconnaissance platoon aside.
“Guys, they don’t take us on the offensive,” the captain said, “we are at the disposal of the chief, it looks like there is a real deal.”
He pulled the combat helmet off his head, unfastened the communication headset, and placed the helmet on the rocks to sit on it. Having made myself as comfortable as possible, I tried to relax. He turned his face to the sun, which was already setting, and, closing his eyes, ran his palm over the top of his short-cropped head. Apart from the muffled sounds of the editing robots, it was quiet. The wind whistled faintly, occasionally carrying bits of acrid smoke from the left flank, where the remains of vehicles caught in the minefield were burning out in shapeless black piles.
The equipment left, the people left, the plateau gradually became empty. The scouts, out of old habit, positioned themselves in such a way that only an experienced eye could spot them among the stones. Grant, who was waiting to contact his boss, had no choice but to hide; after all, commander, let them see. However, the company commander didn’t have time to bask in the sun for long; the headset started singing a challenge.
Here’s the thing, Grant,” Erwin jabbered, “according to our valiant intelligence, about six hours ago a certain group arrived on the planet. And on the side of their boat there is an emblem: a circle with a red lizard in the middle. Do you know who this is?
Hmm, I know, Children of the Purple? What did they need here? - Grant said puzzledly in response.
Once he had to deal with adherents of this religious sect. Descendants of settlers on the planet New Nevada, who went crazy in worshiping local creatures that most closely resembled large terrestrial lizards, like the monitor lizard. However, despite the reputation of being quietly insane, it was known that the members of this sect mastered the art of some kind of unusual hypnosis. It was also rumored that some military corporation seemed to be trying to use sectarians, although it was completely unclear for what purposes.
I knew it, you still don’t read our analysts’ reports? - Fishbaum said irritably. - Someday, you will take me out and I will still demote you to platoon leader! Landing! I'll put you in the penalty box! Grant, if you don’t start working with your head, you have yourself to blame!
“Sorry, boss,” Gilbert became nervous, “but you yourself know that there’s not a gram of sense in these reports, but a ton of useless dregs.”
It's not your job to look for meaning! You must read and remember! IN general outline, Certainly. No one is asking you to remember the analytics word for word.
After a pause, Erwin continued.
How can you set a task if you have no clue about the topic? - Fishbaum said irritably and fell silent, for some time only his irritated snoring could be heard. - Okay, you can read the details later. The bottom line is this: these Purples can make new memories for people. Perhaps the most important thing: no technology, no lie detector or hypnosis can distinguish real memories from those created by the Purple Ones, okay?
It’s clear, but what should they do here? - Gilbert said puzzled.
Now this is interesting. Imagine, Grant, this planet has a legal governor, but not himself, there is a whole state, some with families. When the conflict began and there was a smell of cooking, they hid somewhere. And these are witnesses, Grant! And since what is happening here has long gone beyond the scope of legality, sooner or later the time for a showdown will come, and then they will be listened to first of all.
Grant was silent, trying to understand what the Children of Purple had to do with it, and what his team would ultimately have to do? Arrange a foray into the enemy’s camp and kidnap the sectarians who arrived here? Yeah, bring the armor and landing force to the enemy headquarters! Rave.
Now about the matter. Your task is to find the governor and his entire gang before the Purples. Next, act according to the situation,” Fishbaum fell silent.
How is this, based on the situation? - the company commander squeezed out with difficulty.
You can deliver civilians to us, you can kill these... red sons of bitches, it doesn’t matter to the command. If the Purples find witnesses before you and have time to, uh, work with them... In general, then we don’t need witnesses. Am I making it clear? - said the boss.
I don’t understand, are you ordering me to kill civilians?! - Grant asked dumbfounded.
No, I order you to complete a task: to prevent enemy sabotage. - Fishbaum croaked in response. - How you will complete the task does not interest me. If you want everything to be orderly and noble, have time!
I can not hear? - Erwin barked after a pause.
There is a boss,” Grant answered automatically.
“And what should I do now,” Grant thought tensely, “the boss apparently has no time for jokes. It’s one thing to fight mercenaries like himself, and completely different to shoot at civilians, some of whom may be children! Yes, at least in these stupid ones, Purple. How?"
Chapter 3. After the jump. Board "Fouette"
ENGINEERING COMPANY (ISR) - division b. provision. It was intended to carry out engineer tasks and support the regiment's combat. Direct start of the company was the chief engineer of the regiment's service, who in turn was subordinate to the regimental comrade. Structure of the WBS. l/s 59 people Of these, 4 officers, 3 ensigns, 12 s-tovs and 40 rows. It consisted of a command company and 3 platoons: engineer-sapper (ISV), engineer-technical. (ITV) and automobile (AV). Company management: 6 people. - 2 officers, 2 warrant officers, 2nd row. Company comrade - 1 (kn). Deputy com. companies by watering, units - 1 (senior litt.). Company sergeant major - 1st (senior lieutenant). Company technician - 1 (senior sergeant-major). Driver of armored personnel carrier - 1 (row). Radiotelephone operator - 1 (row). Technical control of the company: BTR-60PB - 1. Armament of the control company: 4 PM pistols, 2 AKM assault rifles, 1 KPVT machine gun (on the armored personnel carrier), 1 PKT machine gun (on the armored personnel carrier). Communications facilities of the company headquarters: r/s R-113 - 1 (on armored personnel carrier), r/s R-107 - 1. WIS: 19 people in total. Of these, 1 office, 3 s, 15 rows. Platoon commander - 1 (senior l-t, l-t). Weapon: PM pistol - 1. 1st engineer-sapper. department: department com - deputy. platoon commander - 1 (senior soldier), driver - 1 (row), sappers - 4 (row). Weapons: AKM assault rifles - 6, RPG-7 grenade launcher - 1. Vehicle: Ural-4320 vehicle - 1, trailed min. minelayer PMZ-4 - 1st, motor saw "Druzhba" - 1.2nd engineer-sapper. department: com department department - 1 (junior s-t, s-t), driver - 1 (row), sappers - 4 (row). Weapons: AKM assault rifles - 6. Vehicles: Ural-4320 vehicle - 1, trailer, min. minelayer PMZ-4 - 1, motor saw "Druzhba" - 1.3 engineer-sapper. department: com-r - 1 (m-s, s-t), driver - 1 (row), sappers - 4 (row). Weapons: AKM assault rifles - 6. Vehicles: Ural-4320 vehicle - 1, trailer, min. minelayer PMZ-4 - 1, power saw "Druzhba" - 1. ITV: 19 people. Of these, 1 office, 7 s-tov, 11 row-x. Platoon commander - 1 (senior l-t, l-t), field water supply laboratory assistant - 1 (senior s-t). Weapons: PM pistol - 1, AKM assault rifle - 1.1st department of road vehicles: department com - room MTU-1 (junior s-t, s-t), mechanic-driver MTU - 1 (row. ), Art. Mechanical driver BAT-M - 1 (row), Mechanical driver BAT-M - 1 (row). Weapons: 2 PM pistols, 2 AKM assault rifles, 1 RPG-7 grenade launcher, 1 AKMS assault rifle, 1 DShK-M machine gun (onboard MTU). Equipment: tank bridge laying machine MTU - 1, track laying machine BAT-M - 1. Communications: r/s R-113 - 1 (onboard MTU). 2nd department of roads. cars: MTU com-r - 1 (junior s-t, s-t), mechanic-driver MTU - 1 (row). Weapons: 2 PM pistols, 1 AKMS assault rifle (onboard MTU), 1 DShK-M machine gun (onboard MTU). Equipment: tank, bridge layer MTU - 1. Communications equipment: r/s R-113 - 1 (onboard MTU). 3rd department of roads. cars: MTU com-r - 1 (junior s-t, s-t), mechanic-driver MTU - 1 (row). Weapons: 2 PM pistols, 1 AKMS assault rifle (onboard MTU), 1 DShK-M machine gun (onboard MTU). Equipment: tank, bridge layer MTU - 1. Communications equipment: r/s R-113 - 1 (onboard MTU). Department of earth-moving machines: com-r department - st. Mechanical driver PZM - 1 (junior s-t, s-t), mechanical driver PZM - 1 (row). Weapons: AKM assault rifles - 2. Equipment: regimental earth-moving vehicle PZM - 1. Field water supply department: department com-r - 1 (junior s-t, s-t), driver-motorist - 1 (row. ), mechanic - 1 (row). Weapons: AKM assault rifles - 3. Technique: filter station MAFS (VFS-2.5) - 1. TMM department: department com - st. Mechanical driver - 1 (junior s-t, s-t), art. driver mechanic - 1 (row), driver mechanics - 2 (row). Weapons: AKM assault rifles - 4. Vehicles: heavy mechanized bridge TMM-1 (4 vehicles). AB: 15 people. Of these, 1 is right, 2 are from, 12 are rows. Platoon commander - 1 (senior lieutenant), Weapon - PM pistol - 1. 1st automobile department: department commander - deputy. platoon commander - Art. driver - 1 (st. s-t), drivers - 8 (row-e). Weapons: AKM assault rifles - 9, RPG-7 grenade launcher - 1. Equipment: ZIL-131 vehicles with self-loaders - 9, 2PN-2 trailers - 9, KMT-6 trawls - 7, tank bulldozers, mounted BTUs - 9. 2 -e car, department: comr - senior driver - 1 (junior s-t, s-t), crane driver - 1 (row), drivers - 3 (row). Weapons: AKM assault rifles - 5. Equipment: 8T-210 truck crane - 1, Ural-4320 vehicles - 4, 2PN-4 trailers - 3, KMT-5M trawls - 3. Service engineering equipment of the company: entrenching tools: small infantry, shovels - 21; large sappers, shovels - 35; drank two-handed - 10; carpenter's axes - 20; pickaxe - 5; Lomov - 5. Will illuminate, wed: lanterns accumulate. AMF-8 - 1; battery-powered flashlights KSF - 4. Mining and demining equipment: IMP mine detectors (RVM, RVM-2) - 9; demining kits KR-I - 3; miner cords - 9; minefield recording device - 1; will perform, control device, minefield KRAB-IM - 1. Camouflage equipment: camouflage kits type MKT - 22; camouflage overalls - 24. Swimming equipment: life jackets - 16; floats MPC suits - 2. Equipment for conducting blasting operations: blasting machine KPM-1 - 1; set 77-1; ohmmeters M-57 (linear bridge LM-68) - 2; bags of miner-demolitionist - 9. Water extraction and purification equipment: RDV-1500 tank - 1. Observation and reconnaissance equipment: sapper rangefinder DSP-30-1; night work device PNR - 1; periscope PIR - 1; binoculars - 3. Transportable: anti-tank. min - 600 pcs.; anti-personnel min - 8000 pcs.; TNT in checkers - 500 kg.
Engineering position company (IPR).
Engineering and road company (IDR).
Company of engineering barriers (RIZ).
Engineer-sapper company (ISR).
The engineering and sapper company is designed to carry out tasks of constructing obstacles and making passages in minefields.
Composition of the ISR:
2 engineer platoons;
A platoon of controlled mining.
ISR weapons:
BGM drilling machine – 1 unit;
Cars Ural-43202 – 10 units;
Trailer 2-pm-4 – 3 units;
Chainsaw “Friendship” - 9 units;
IMP mine detectors – 12 units;
KRI reconnaissance set – 6 units;
Chipboard-30 – 6 units;
PFM – 3 units;
PD-530 – 1 set;
PBU-50 – 3 units.
Capabilities of the ISR company (in 10-12 hours):
1. Set – 3-6 minefields;
2. Make 6-9 passes in minefields;
3. Arrange 1-2 barrier nodes;
4. Set 1-2 INP;
5. Prepare 2-3 bridges for demolition .
Composition of RIZ:
2 barrage platoons;
1 platoon of remote mining.
RIZ weapons:
GMZ-3 – 3 units;
PMZ-4 – 4-3 kits;
Cars Ural-43202 – 12 units;
Trailer 2-PN-4 – 3 units;
Set of guided minefield UMP-3 – 3 sets.
RIZ capabilities (in 10-12 hours):
1. Set up 2-3 controlled minefields;
2. Select 2 mobile obstacle squads;
3. Make and maintain 3-4 passages in minefields.
Designed for equipping and maintaining extension routes and building low-water bridges for loads of 60 tons.
Composition of the IDR:
2 road engineering platoons;
Barrage platoon;
Platoon of heavy mechanized bridges.
IDR weapons:
Tracklayers BAT-2 – 6 units;
Set TMM-3 – 2 sets;
Installation of UR-77-3 units.
IDR capabilities (in 10-12 hours):
1. Equip and maintain 2 sections of roads, 75 km each;
2. Equip 1-2 obstacle crossings;
3. Make up to 6 passes through enemy minefields directly during the battle (passage length 100m, width 6m).
Designed to carry out tasks related to fortification equipment of the defense area, positions, command posts, and supplying water to units and units.
Composition of the IPR:
2 engineering position platoons;
Engineering structures platoon;
Water supply department;
Painting department.
IPR weapons:
Excavation machine MDK – 3 units;
Trench vehicle BTM – 3 units;
Excavators EOV-4421 – 4 units;
Truck crane KS-2573 – 1 unit;
Set KVS-A (KVS-U) – 3 sets;
Filtration station VFS-10 – 1 set;
Sawmill LRV-2 – 1 set;
Lighting station AD-75-VS – 1 set;
Power station ESB-8I- 1 set;
Painting station POS - 1 set;
Power plant ED-16RAO – 1 set.
IPR capabilities (in 10-12 hours):
1. Equip 1-2 water supply points;
2. Equip 1-2 NP for the unit commander;
3. Open 30 km of trenches and communication passages;
4. Open 20 shelters for vehicles;
5. Prepare up to 50 m 3 of lumber;
6. Produce 50 linear lines. meters of bridge per shift;
7. Equip 2-3 crushing sets.
Designed to provide forced barriers via floating bridges or with landing crossing equipment.
Composition of PonR:
2 pontoon platoons;
A platoon of floating transporters;
Coastal branch.
PonR weapons:
0.5 sets of PMP fleet;
6 BMK-T type boats;
4 ferry-bridge cars;
BAT-2 – 1 unit;
PTS-2 – 6 units.
Possibilities of PonR (in 10-12 hours):
1 floating bridge with a length of 117 m for loads of 60 tons.
1 bridge 314 m long for 20 t loads.