The forest guard is a flat tinder fungus. Mushroom tinder fungus: description and application in medicine ✎ Brief description and application
Systematics:- Division: Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)
- Subdivision: Agaricomycotina (Agaricomycetes)
- Class: Agaricomycetes (Agaricomycetes)
- Subclass: Incertae sedis (of uncertain position)
- Order: Polyporales (Polypore)
- Family: Ganodermataceae (Ganoderma)
- Genus: Ganoderma (Ganoderma)
- View: Ganoderma applanatum (Tinder fungus flat)
The cap of the flat tinder fungus reaches 40 centimeters in width, is flat on top with uneven sagging or grooves, and is covered with a matte crust. Often found topped with rusty-brown spore powder. The color of the cap occurs from grayish brown to rusty brown, there is an edge on the outside, which is constantly growing, white or whitish.
Spores - The spread of spores around is very abundant, the spore powder is rusty-brown in color. They have a truncated ovoid shape. The part of the fruiting body of the fungus that bears the spore powder (hymenophore) is tubular, white or creamy white. With a little pressure, it immediately becomes much darker, this sign gave the fungus a special specific name "artist's mushroom". You can draw on this layer with a twig or stick.
Leg - mostly absent, sometimes extremely rarely comes across with a short lateral leg.
The pulp is hard, corky or corky woody, if broken, it is felty fibrous inside. Color brown, chocolate brown, chestnut and other shades of these colors. Old mushrooms take on a mottled fading color.
The fruiting body of the fungus lives for many years, sessile. Sometimes located close to each other.
Distribution - grows everywhere on stumps and deadwood deciduous trees, often located low. Wood Destroyer! Where the fungus grows, the process of white or yellow wood rot occurs. white color. Sometimes destroys weakened deciduous trees (especially birch) and softwood. It mainly grows from May to September. Widespread in temperate zone northern hemisphere.
Edibility - the mushroom is not edible, its flesh is tough and does not have a pleasant taste.
| Polypore flat | |
| scientific classification | |
|---|---|
| International scientific name | |
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Ganoderma lipsiense (Batsch) G.F. Atk. , 1908 |
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| Synonyms | |
Polypore flat(lat. Ganoderma lipsiense, previously - Ganoderma applanatum) - mushroom of the genus Ganoderma (lat. Ganoderma) of the Ganoderma family (lat. Ganodermataceae).
Description
Fruit bodies are perennial, sessile. Often they are located close to each other.
The hat is 5-40 cm wide, flat on top with uneven sagging or with concentric grooves, covered with a matte crust. Color grayish brown to rusty brown above. Very often the fruiting body is covered on top with a layer of rusty-brown spore powder. The outer (growing) edge has a white or whitish color.
The hymenophore is tubular, white or creamy white. Even with a little pressure, it darkens a lot. This feature gave the fungus its specific name in English language: Artist's conk- "mushroom of the artist." On the hymenophore, you can draw with a twig, a match.
Spore powder is rusty brown. Sporulation is usually very profuse.
Ecology and distribution
Polypore flat - the destroyer of wood. It occurs everywhere on stumps and deadwood of deciduous trees, usually located low. Causes white or yellow-white (yellowish) wood rot. Occasionally affects weakened living trees or softwood.
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An excerpt characterizing the Tinder fungus flat
Together with the soldier, an infantry officer with a bandaged cheek came up to the fire and, turning to Tushin, asked to be ordered to move a tiny gun in order to transport the wagon. After the company commander, two soldiers ran into the fire. They swore desperately and fought, pulling out some kind of boot from each other.- How did you raise it! Look, clever, one shouted in a hoarse voice.
Then a thin, pale soldier with a bloody collar tied around his neck came up and in an angry voice demanded water from the gunners.
- Well, to die, or something, like a dog? he said.
Tushin ordered to give him water. Then a cheerful soldier ran up, asking for a light in the infantry.
- A hot fire in the infantry! Happily stay, countrywomen, thank you for the light, we will give back with a percentage, ”he said, taking the reddening firebrand somewhere into the darkness.
Behind this soldier, four soldiers, carrying something heavy on their greatcoats, walked past the fire. One of them stumbled.
“Look, hell, they put firewood on the road,” he grumbled.
- It's over, why wear it? one of them said.
- Well, you!
And they disappeared into the darkness with their burden.
- What? hurts? Tushin asked Rostov in a whisper.
- Hurts.
- Your honor, to the general. Here they are standing in a hut, - said the fireworks, approaching Tushin.
- Now, dove.
Tushin got up and, buttoning his overcoat and recovering, walked away from the fire ...
Not far from the fire of the artillerymen, in a hut prepared for him, Prince Bagration was sitting at dinner, talking with some of the commanders of the units who had gathered at his place. There was an old man with half-closed eyes, greedily nibbling at a mutton bone, and a twenty-two-year-old impeccable general, flushed from a glass of vodka and dinner, and a staff officer with a personalized ring, and Zherkov, uneasily looking around at everyone, and Prince Andrei, pale, with pursed lips and feverishly shining eyes.
Polypore flat belongs to the inedible mushrooms of the Ganoderma family, the genus Ganoderma. It is most common in the forests of the Northern Hemisphere, in particular, in its temperate zone.
Description and distribution
This type of mushroom is perennial, their age can range from 40 to 50 years. Due to the absence of a peduncle, the fungus is classified as sessile, i.e. attached sideways to its location. Tinder fungi are usually not too high, and their favorite place of appearance is stumps, old or dying trees, deadwood. Basically, poplars and birches are subject to their siege, less often conifers. The tinder fungus is located flat on short distance from each other, forming a layer of mushrooms.
The width of their cap can vary from 5 to 40 cm, sometimes there are giant mushrooms with a cap up to 75 cm. The surface of the mushroom cap is flat with pronounced sagging and irregularities, framed in most cases by a white border. There is also a matte finish on the surface. The hat itself has a color from grayish to dirty brown. Its outer part is white or with a milky sheen. If you cut the mushroom, then its flesh will look like a chocolate-colored cork. Most often on the mushroom cap can be found in in large numbers spore powder.
The tinder fungus is a powerful wood destroyer. Formed on it, it contributes to the appearance of white rot.
or ganoderma oblate
- inedible mushroom
✎ Belonging and generic features
✎ Healing properties
The ubiquity of tinder flatus makes it a promising medicinal raw material, attracting the importance of many researchers. But just like a medicinal mushroom, the flat tinder fungus is much inferior in glory to its famous relative - the lacquered tinder fungus (reishi mushroom), nevertheless it is shown that it:
Polysaccharides exhibit a pronounced anti-cancer and immunostimulating activity, and stimulate the regeneration of mucous membranes in gastric ulcers;
- exopolymers (microorganisms for the elimination of hydrophobic substrates), secreted by the mycelium of the fungus into the culture liquid, lower the blood sugar level;
- methanol extract exhibits an antibacterial character, and also effectively absorbs free radicals and lowers blood sugar levels, delaying aldose reductase (a significant enzyme whose uncontrolled activity leads to the development of diabetes);
- water extracts actively absorb all free radicals and protect lipids from oxidation;
- infusions, decoctions reduce the level of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood, implementing anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and anti-allergic effects.
✎ Similar Views
Polypore flat quite often confused (sometimes mixed) with a representative of the same genus - lacquered tinder fungus (lat. Ganoderma lucidum), better known under the name "reishi mushroom", "lingzhi mushroom" or "immortality mushroom", from which it is visually distinguished not so much the shape and color of the fruiting body, how much matte (not glossy), shiny and varnished surface of a flat cap, like that of a lacquered tinder fungus (for which the lacquered tinder fungus got its name).
But the flat tinder fungus also has other similar counterparts in its genus, first of all, these are:
- southern tinder fungus (southern ganoderma) (lat. Ganoderma australe), which is considered a variety ("big brother") of the flat tinder fungus, lives only in the southern regions and differs more large size fruiting bodies with a glossy surface and layers of hymenophore without an interval layer (in overripe fruiting bodies) with a large spore size;
- expressive tinder fungus or (expressive ganoderma) (lat. Ganoderma adspersum) - an unusual subspecies of flat tinder fungus, almost never comes across in Russia, differs in more massive, but not very flat fruiting bodies than flat tinder fungus and larger hymenophore spores.
✎ Distribution in nature and seasonality
The flat tinder fungus is a quite common species in its genus, found everywhere, throughout the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere: in middle zone Russia (in its European part up to Far East), throughout Eurasia and North America.
The flat tinder fungus is a perennial (well-wintering) saprotroph, found everywhere, quite often and lives in deciduous or mixed forests, on dead wood (stumps or deadwood) of many deciduous trees (but most often on birch and poplar) or on some coniferous trees, but very rarely catches the living, infecting mainly old or weakened trees through cracks in the roots and bases of trunks, from where its mycelium penetrates into the center of the trunk and rises to the top, causing white or yellowish corrosive rot.
The tinder fungus is not picky about climatic conditions and to environment, and its fruiting begins in the spring, in May, and continues until late autumn, or until winter, almost until December, remaining to winter.
✎ Brief description and application
The flat fungus belongs to a very separate group of aphyllophoroid hymenomycetes, which includes species with a spore-bearing layer (hymenophore) of various types:
- smooth;
- labyrinth-mesh;
- tuberculate;
- tubular;
- cellular;
- labyrinthine
- smooth,
in the form of intertwining folds and different from the known tubular and lamellar mushrooms.
fruit bodies flat tinder fungus is perennial and can grow from 40 to 50 years, hefty large and usually flat (hence its name), sessile and occasionally located very close to each other, with an uneven upper surface (cap) with visible sagging and concentric grooves with a white edging almost always covered with a rusty-brown coating, in the form of a matte crust, after erasing which a dull gray-brown or rusty-brown color appears. The leg is always absent (but sometimes there is still a short lateral support), the fruit is attached to the substrate with the lateral part. The spore-bearing layer (or hymenophore) is tubular and initially white, turning brown when pressed and damaged, then becomes brownish or yellowish, and darkens to brown-olive in old age, includes several tubular layers at once, located one above the other. The pores are white and rounded, deep, barely visible to the naked eye. The pulp is hefty corky-woody, and when broken it is felt-fibrous, brown-chestnut color in young fruits, chocolate-brown-brown and spotty fading in old ones, tasteless and odorless.
The flat tinder fungus is unsuitable for eating, but it is successfully used as a medicinal mushroom.
Application:
In Chinese or Japanese traditional medicine polypore flat and other representatives of the genus Ganoderma are used in therapy
and prevention of hepatitis, hypertension, hyperglycemia, as well as in the treatment of chronic bronchitis or bronchial asthma, and even in the treatment of cancer and other tumors.
In China, the tinder fungus is flat, along with others medicinal types, is included in the collection of general strengthening action:
- - to increase mental performance;
- to normalize the composition of the blood;
- for the prevention and treatment of nervous diseases;
- for the treatment of diseases of the cardiovascular system;
- for the treatment of liver diseases;
- for the treatment of diseases of the genitourinary system;
- for the treatment of diabetes, rheumatism, gastritis, ulcers.
In Western medicine, the flat fungus is not used, although it is very popular for making souvenirs with drawings on the dried lower surface of the fruiting body.