Nature is a kind of absolute for a person, without it human life is simply impossible, this truth is not obvious to everyone, judging by the way people care about nature. A person receives everything he needs for life from the environment, nature provides the conditions for the prosperity of all forms of life on earth. The role of nature in human life is fundamental. It is worth mentioning the categorical facts and looking at specific examples that nature gives to man. In nature, everything is interconnected, one element will disappear, the whole chain will fail.
Air, earth, water, fire - four elements, eternal manifestations of nature. It is not worth explaining that human life is simply impossible without air. Why are people driving down forests not worrying about new plantings so that the trees continue to work for the benefit of purifying the air. The earth gives a person so many benefits that it is difficult to count: these are minerals, the ability to grow a variety of crops through agriculture, to live on earth. We get food from the bosom of nature, whether it be plant foods (vegetables, fruits, cereals) or animal foods (meat, dairy products). Material benefits are the source of raw materials for the benefits of nature. Clothes are sewn from fabrics based on natural materials. Furniture in houses is made of wood, paper is made of wood. Cosmetics and household chemicals are based on herbal ingredients. Water is embodied in oceans, seas, rivers, lakes, underground waters, glaciers. Drinking water satisfies the needs of people around the world, people are made of water, from which a person cannot live a day without water. It is impossible to imagine life in everyday life without water: with the help of water people wash, wash, wash anything, water is indispensable in production. Nature gives a person warmth in the form of fire, wood, coal, oil and gas are also sources of energy.
Nature charges a person with energy, inspires new achievements, fills with strength. What are sunsets and sunrises, moments are filled with great meaning, the end of the day and the beginning of a new one, when everything becomes possible, despite the day that has passed. The sun is a source of joy, happiness, remember in sunny weather, somehow everything around is especially beautiful. The sun gives life and development to all living things on earth. There are people who have given up their usual food and eat solar energy.
Nature is able to restore human strength after exhausting work, mental or physical, it is not without reason that many people go to rest in the mountains, in the forest, to the ocean, to the sea, river or lake. The harmony of nature brings balance to the frantic rhythm of human existence.
Staying in nature in one of the above listed areas has a beneficial effect on human health, headaches disappear, the general condition and well-being of a person improve. It is not for nothing that many people strive to spend time in nature. These forms of leisure include: camping, picnic, just a trip out of town for a couple of hours. In places far from the bustle of the city, you can renew yourself, sort out your thoughts, feelings, emotions, look inside yourself. Many unique herbs, tree flowers surround a person, giving fragrance and benefit, take time to enjoy, admire them.
People are inextricably linked with nature, she takes care of him throughout the entire existence of a person, why does a person only take and give nothing in return. People pollute the environment every day, mindlessly treat the gifts of nature. Perhaps it is worth stopping, thinking, since nature gives so much to a person, shouldn't it be worthwhile to reciprocate and take care of her as reverently as she takes care of us.
From childhood, every person knows what a forest is - from fairy tales, excursions, travel. Everyone had to be in the forest. Let's talk about what is the use of the forest.
The role of the forest in human life is difficult to overestimate, trees have long been used as a building material, they were used to make boards, which were later used to build comfortable houses, pieces of furniture, dishes, and decorations. The forest is the lungs of the planet, it is the green leaves of plants that saturate the atmosphere with oxygen. Finally, various species of animals found their refuge in the thickets. We invite you to find out in more detail what the forest gives people.
Without forests, life itself on planet Earth would be impossible. Trees, shrubs and grasses, thanks to their green leaves, are capable of photosynthesis - the absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and the release of oxygen. Therefore, in the lessons of natural history, considering in grade 3 what the forest gives us, it is necessary to convey to the children the idea that plants are very important, without them people would have nothing to breathe. Among living organisms, only green representatives of the flora are able to synthesize oxygen, enrich the atmosphere with it.
Our distant ancestors lived in the forests, using their gifts as food. Modern man also continues to use natural resources. What does the forest give us? A lot of things:
Of course, in order to save money, people have learned to create artificial materials, but all the same, natural wood is highly valued.
While working on the project "What does the forest give to people", one should definitely reveal one more aspect - medicinal plants. Centuries ago, folk healers used coltsfoot, cornflower, chamomile, calamus and other representatives of the flora to treat numerous ailments. Now, the medicinal properties of these and many other plants have been scientifically proven, so their extracts and oils are widely used not only in pharmacology, but also in cosmetology.
So, blueberries are an excellent remedy to prevent diseases of the heart and blood vessels.
A large number of mushrooms grow in the forests, which are very tasty, they can be fried, pickled, and salted. The rich mushroom soup is especially fond of. Without forests, people would never have known this unusual taste!
In the forest thickets, there are trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants:
Their berries are distinguished by a whole range of useful properties, loved by children and adults.
Finally, wild animals that found their home among the trees - a source of food for people from time immemorial, our ancestors used their meat for food, made clothes and shoes from skins, tools and weapons from bones, fangs and tusks. It is the ability to create them that is the key difference between humans and animals. Therefore, studying in grade 3 what the forest gives people, it is necessary to voice to the children the idea that without the forest and its inhabitants, the very existence of man would become impossible. But that's not all, forest resources are truly enormous.
Considering what the forest gives us, it should be noted that most of them have a lot of useful properties. So, lingonberry, which prefers to grow in pine forests, contains a lot of sugar, therefore it is actively used for making jam. In addition, the leaves of the plant are also used for medicinal purposes; they have a disinfecting effect.
Blueberries are a wonderful gift from the forest. Its delicious berries help improve vision, are used in the fight against scurvy, and are an excellent way to prevent cancer. The plant itself prefers moist forests.
Forest raspberry is a natural antipyretic.
Also, berries grown in forests have a large number of advantages:
All this allows us to answer the question of what the forest gives us: healthy products, a large number of vitamins.
There are some peoples who still survive only at the expense of forests: they hunt, pick berries and mushrooms, and often these types of activities are the main methods of obtaining food.
This dependence on nature is primarily inherent in indigenous aboriginal peoples who live far from civilization and do not have the opportunity to exist in any other way. Sometimes such nationalities are in contact with the outside world, exchanging plants or animals they have obtained in the forests for the benefits of civilization: clothes, shoes, equipment.
Concluding the consideration of the question of what the forest gives us, we note a few more points:
All this proves that forests are of great importance to humans, which is why the wealth bestowed by nature itself should be treated with care, consciously and rationally use this resource.
The answer to the question of what the forest gives us cannot be unambiguous. Without trees and shrubs, grasses and wild animals, life itself on the planet is not possible.
Target: to acquaint with the meaning of the forest in nature and for humans.
Tasks:
Equipment: map "Natural Zones of Russia", multimedia textbook "The World Around" for grade 4, a poster with a picture of a forest, cards.
DURING THE CLASSES
I. Organizational moment
Hello forest, deep forest,
Full of fairy tales and wonders!
What are you making noise about with the foliage
On a dark, thunderous night?
What are you whispering there at dawn,
Dew like silver?
Who is lurking in your wilderness?
What kind of beast? What kind of bird?
Open everything, and do not hide:
You see - we are ours!
II. Communication of the topic and purpose of the lesson
Teacher. The theme of our lesson is "hidden" in this poem. Which natural area will we go to today?
Students. The poem speaks of the forest, which means that today we will go to the forest zone again.
III. Updating students' knowledge
- Before moving on to studying a new topic, I would like to find out what you know about the forest zone.
- Show the forest area on the map: taiga, mixed forest, deciduous forest.
A drawing competition “How do I imagine the taiga, mixed and deciduous forest” is being held. Students comment on the drawings.
The teacher invites you to listen to some messages about forest dwellers prepared by students at home.
At the choice of the teacher, several students work on cards.
1) Write 2-3 food chains in the forest area.
2) Use arrows to connect the trees and the forest in which they grow:
- And now we will solve the crossword puzzle.
1. What tree is the symbol of Russia?
2. A coniferous tree that sheds needles.
3. This animal has a spotted color, "sideburns" and tassels on the ears.
4. This animal can not only jump, but also fly.
5. Coniferous forest.
6. A coniferous tree with flat needles and cones sticking up.
7. Lives in the wilderness of the forest, both in summer and in winter, a diligent worker, a forest nosed carpenter.
8. Coniferous tree with short needles, located one by one.
9. A tree with leaves in the shape of a heart.
10. Which bird spreads the fruits of the cedar pine?
11. A coniferous tree with a smooth yellow trunk. The needles are long, they sit in pairs.
Answer. Protect the forest.
IV. Learning new material
- Today in the lesson we will talk about forest conservation, the role of forests in people's lives and the role that humans play in the life of the forest.
The entire forest from the tops of the trees to the ground is inhabited by animals. And what a variety of plants! And all this lives together, is closely connected with each other and does a great job.
Group work. You need to choose forest animals (group I), forest plants (group II), flowers and berries (group III)
V. Reading of S. Nikulina's poem "Russian Forest"
There is nothing sweeter
To wander and think here,
Heal, warm
Will feed the Russian forest.And there will be a thirst to torment -
Then I’m a forestry
Among thorny thickets
Shows the fontanelle.I'll bend down to get drunk -
And you can see everything to the bottom.
Water-water flows,Mountain ash awaits us in the forest,
Nuts and flowers.
Fragrant raspberry
On dense bushes.I am looking for a mushroom clearing
I, not sparing my legs,
And if I get tired -
I'll sit down on a tree stump!The forest is very fond of pedestrians,
For them, he is completely their own.
A goblin is wandering around here somewhere
With a green beard.Life seems different
And my heart doesn't hurt
When over your head
The forest makes noise like eternity.
- What kind of relationship does this poem talk about? (On the relationship between man and the forest.)
- What role does the forest play in people's lives?
According to the students' answers, the teacher writes down the diagram "The meaning of the forest" on the board.
Physical education
The deer has a big house.
He looks through his window -
The bunny runs through the forest
Knocks on his door:
"Knock knock, open the door,
There is an evil hunter in the forest. "
"Bunny, bunny, run in,
Give me a paw as soon as possible! "
Vi. Teacher. Is a person always fair in relation to the forest? Is it his fault that ecological problems of the forest arise? Listen to the conversation of the trees. "Oak and Rowan".
- Oh, Ryabinushka, Ryabinushka, why are you sad?
- I, Oak, was a fresh mountain ash, but I became a dry snag. They ripped me off like sticky, cut me up to look like a nut. No berries, no twigs, no twigs - even head into the fire. If only you stood up for me.
- What are you, Ryabinushka! I myself am such that they put more beautifully in a wood warehouse. All autumn they knocked the acorns off me - threshed with stones and sticks. They shook my whole soul out. I was an oak, but I became a club.
Vii. Working in groups
- What environmental problems are we talking about:
I group
Sasha cried as the forest was cut down,
She and now feel sorry for her tears.
How many curly birches there were!
There because of the old frowning spruce
Red clusters of viburnum looked.
There a young oak rose,
Birds reigned at the top of the forest,
Below all sorts of animals lurked.
Suddenly the men with axes appeared.
The forest rang, groaned, crackled.
The hare listened and ran away. (N. Nekrasov.)
- What environmental problem is the poem talking about? (This is about deforestation.)
- Look how the timber harvesting is going now. (Painting "Logging") If earlier the forest was cut down as needed, with the help of an ax (which does not destroy forests), but now after the work of lumberjacks there are such pictures (showing photographs). It seemed to people that there were a lot of forests, that they could not be cut down. Now it became clear: the forests are in danger! The girl Sasha from the poem by N. Nekrasov understood this, she was sorry for the birds and animals left without a home. How does photography make you feel? (Free statements of children). These photos evoke different feelings, but I am glad that you are not indifferent to the fate of the forest, that you are worried about the problem that has arisen - this means that you will look for ways to solve it. This is your homework.
II group
- Listen to V. Shefner's poem "Forest Fire":
Forgetful hunter at rest
I did not sweep, did not trample the fire.
He went into the forest, and the branches were burning out
And reluctantly smoked until the morning ...
And in the morning the wind dispersed the fogs,
And the dying fire came to life.
And, pouring sparks in the middle of the clearing,
Crimson rags spread out.
He burned all the grass and flowers together,
He burned the bushes, went to the green forest.
Like a scared flock of red squirrels,
He darted from trunk to trunk.
And the forest was buzzing with a fiery blizzard,
Trunks fell with a frosty crackle,
And, like snowflakes, sparks flew from them
Over gray ash drifts.
- What act of a person became a terrible disaster for the forest? (The man did not extinguish the fire, but it, having flared up, turned into a forest fire.)
- But this could not have happened if the person followed the rules for making a fire and did not forget to extinguish it and make sure that the fire did not light up again. You have to make a memo "How to make a fire" for such grief-hunters and tourists at home.
III group
Did you see the swans were shot?
Did you see them fall?
Tell me, what if the birds knew
And if only they understood
That their farewell flight will be
People will shoot them at dawn,
Tell me, would they not fly?
Students. It talks about illegal hunting (poaching).
Teacher. For a long time man has killed animals, getting his own food, but this was necessary for the survival of people. People began to kill even more than they could eat. Now excessive hunting has led to the complete extermination of some species of animals. Nowadays, hunting for forest animals is limited, and poaching is punishable by law. The Red Book includes:
We fill in the scheme.
VIII. Anchoring
- Draw signs that would reflect human actions that are dangerous to the forest. What should you show in the signs?
Students. You can't cut down a tree. No bonfires are allowed. You cannot leave trash in the forest. You cannot kill animals.
IX. Lesson summary
- What is the significance of the forest for people?
- What plants and animals of the forest are included in the Red Book.
The world around us Sitnikov Vitaly Pavlovich
What does the forest give us?
Once forests covered almost two-thirds of the earth's land, but today, due to various reasons, this ratio has changed, and forests occupy only a third of the land. Due to intensive agriculture, forests grow mainly in mountainous or remote areas, on slopes and soils unsuitable for arable land.
Natural forests predominate in vast areas of the northern countries, especially Canada, northern Europe, Scandinavia and Russia, as well as in the mountainous regions of the world. Many tropical regions of America, Africa, Asia and northern Australia are covered with dense rainforests. All of them have been used by humans for a long time.
It is coniferous forests that provide a third of the world's timber demand. They provide the softwood needed for construction, packaging and papermaking. It takes a whole tree to make 270 copies of a 190-page book! That is why scientists in many countries are developing projects for the rational recycling of wood or even replacing it with other materials.
Rainforests produce mostly hardwoods. It goes into furniture manufacturing and construction. Every year, every inhabitant of America uses so many wooden products that in volume it is equal to a tree 30 meters high and 41 centimeters in diameter. In general, more than 230 million trees are consumed annually in the world. Approximately 2,500 million people, half of the world's population, use wood for heating and cooking.
However, not only wood can be obtained and used from coniferous trees, but also a lot of useful and necessary items. Often, we do not even know that the raw material for them was wood. So, for the manufacture of many drugs (for example, quinine and aspirin), the bark of tropical trees is used. Rubber, varnishes, resins, waxes and dyes are also made by processing various substances obtained from trees.
One of the main uses for wood is in the production of cellulose. And cellulose, in turn, gives us paper, explosives, drugs, cellophane and textiles. This is why scientists are so intensely looking for and finding ways to replace natural wood.
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