Admiral by the grace of God. Ushakov. Admiral by the grace of God Military acceptance Admiral Ushakov

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“Military acceptance. Trace in History" is dedicated to the 200th anniversary of the memory of the great Russian naval commander Fyodor Fedorovich Ushakov. We will present a reconstruction of innovative ideas developed and introduced into combat practice by the legendary and invincible admiral: together with yachtsmen we will recreate the tricks of tactical maneuvering at sea, and with artillery historians we will carry out military acceptance of a cannon from the time of Ushakov, installing it on the famous “Ushakov swing”. To get acquainted with the elements of the admiral, we will go on a sea voyage on a historical sailing ship of the 18th century, and show the audience exclusive underwater footage of the Turkish ship sunk by Ushakov’s squadron in the Kerch Strait.

Fedor Ushakov - holy admiral.
Fyodor Fedorovich Ushakov, the future great Russian naval commander and admiral, was born (13) February 24, 1744 in the village of Burnakovo into an impoverished noble family. In 1766, Fedor graduated from the naval cadet corps and went to serve in the Baltic. Native Yaroslavl province

, Fedor Fedorovich Ushakov remained in the history of the Russian Empire as a brilliant naval commander, a devoted servant of his homeland and a righteous Christian. The future admiral was born two hundred and sixty-seven years ago back in 1745. His birthday according to modern calculations falls on February 24th. On this memorable date, we propose to remember all the merits of this brilliant naval commander, who during the entire period of his leadership did not lose a single ship and did not surrender a single sailor. The memory of this amazing man still lives in the Fatherland. Awards are named after him, magnificent sea ​​vessels , and also removed interesting film oh so amazing life
Admiral. An asteroid was named in honor of Fyodor Ushakov, and the Orthodox Church canonized him as the patron saint of the navy. The father of the brilliant admiral was dismissed from service from the Life Guards with the rank of sergeant of the Preobrazhensky Regiment and had nothing to do with the fleet. A remarkable relative of Ushakov was his uncle Fyodor Sanaksarsky, with whom he is often confused. However, in reality this is completely different personalities Orthodox customs, and Fedor Fedorovich himself was characterized as a meek and modest person.
Ushakov spent his childhood and youth in his father’s village of Burnakovo and elementary education received at the Church of the Epiphany-on-the-Island.

The conditions of his upbringing were particularly strict and modest, since the family adhered to high moral principles and was not at all rich. In addition to Fyodor Fedorovich, three more brothers grew up in the family: Semyon, Gavrila and Ivan. Daily Prayer and regular posts remained forever in the life of the admiral. However, despite his meek disposition and modesty, Fyodor Fedorovich was distinguished by his courage and already in his youth he went with the headman to the forest to hunt, including bear.
As soon as the boy turned 16, he was sent to the Naval Gentry Corps of Cadet, where he distinguished himself for his success in the field of history and military sciences. Fedor Fedorovich graduated from the St. Petersburg building fourth in academic performance. In 1763, Ushakov became a midshipman, and a year later a corporal. Already in 1766, the young man became a midshipman and from 1767 he was sent to his first cruise on a ship called "Nargin". Getting to know open sea on the way from Kronstadt to Arkhangelsk was the beginning of Ushakov’s brilliant military career. Skirting Scandinavia, the young and still inexperienced Fyodor Ushakov received the most valuable knowledge and mastered the science of navigation.

A flexible, sharp mind and good memory allowed him to become one of the best on the ship and earn the respect of his comrades.
In 1768, Ushakov served under the command of Captain Greig on the ship “Three Hierarchs” and, after sailing in the Gulf of Finland, was sent under Senyavin to the Azov Fleet. It was under the command of Senyavin that Fedor Fedorovich was first able to practice maneuvering and shooting. Basically, the task of the Azov flotilla was to protect the waters and coastal zone in order to prevent enemy landings. After Russian-Turkish war was finished Russian empire got the opportunity to deploy its fleet in the Black Sea. For the first time, Ushakov became the captain of the ships of the sailing ship “Hector” and then a boat called “Courier”. Each new position allowed the future admiral to accumulate invaluable experience, which would be so useful to him in the future. Ushakov also sailed on the improved ship “Morea”, as well as on the ship “Modon”. Each new ship became the next stage in honing the young commander’s skills, and the tasks were carried out at the highest level.

In 1780, the still young Ushakov opened up the prospect of a successful secular career and was given the opportunity to get closer to the favors of the imperial court. He is appointed captain of the imperial yacht.
However, such an appointment was received by Fedor Fedorovich without much enthusiasm, and after a short period of time he was assigned to Sukhotin’s squadron. In 1776, with the rank of captain-lieutenant, Ushakov commanded the Northern Eagle and then the frigate St. Paul. While serving in Sukhotin's squadron, Fedor Fedorovich gains additional experience and earns the respect of his commanders for his courage and the love of his subordinates. It must be said that throughout his entire service in the fleet of the empire, Ushakov did not change his lifestyle and strictly adhered to the Orthodox canons. He was a caring, but fair and stern commander. What distinguished the future admiral was that he never felt sorry for himself, and did not throw his subordinates into rash undertakings. Every action associated with a risk to people was weighed and calculated to the smallest detail.

Fedor Fedorovich also made a significant contribution to the construction of impregnable Sevastopol. According to the testimony of his contemporaries, Ushakov was so selflessly involved in the work that sometimes, when there was a lack of funds, he transferred his own salary and savings to pay for certain works. Upon arrival at the fortress, Catherine the Great noted Ushakov among the most distinguished officers.
However, a decisive rise in career ladder began with the entry into the war with Turkey from 1787 to 1789. In the battle near Zmeiny Island (otherwise called Fidonisi) in 1787, thanks to the resourceful actions of 4 frigates under the command of Ushakov, the Turkish ships, which outnumbered the Russian forces several times, suffered a crushing defeat and were forced to flee. The tactics of the talented captain of brigadier rank were quite simple: not to allow a ring to close around the Russian ships; to impose battle on the Turkish flagship, appointed to lead the entire course of the attack. The ability to discern the enemy’s intentions only by certain signs of formation and maneuvers, to instantly make an intelligent decision, as well as amazing courage and rejection of standard techniques and methods became a special feature that distinguished Ushakov from a number of other officers.

However, the brilliant actions of the promising Ushakov became the basis for a conflict with commander Voinovich. Fyodor Fedorovich's career was saved by the timely intervention of Potemkin. His address to the Empress pointed out Voinovich’s complete inability to organize successful actions Black Sea Fleet, and at the same time, attention was focused on the merits of the promising Ushakov. Potemkin expressed his admiration for the sharpness of mind and abilities of Fyodor Fedorovich, comparing him with the unfortunate Voinovich. The result was not long in coming; already in 1789 he was awarded the rank of rear admiral.
The personal relationship between Potemkin and Ushakov developed very well. Two talented and loyal commanders to Russia understood and respected each other. Fedor Fedorovich, due to his active nature, could not tolerate various kinds of bureaucratic delays and administrative routine, therefore he was exempted from its execution by order of Potemkin.

After the defeat at Fidonisi, Turkish commanders were instructed to take revenge. The ships of Ushak Pasha, as the Turks called Ushakov, were ordered to be destroyed. However, a series of clashes with the growing Russian fleet showed Ushakov's superiority. Even a superior enemy could not withstand the lightning-fast and unconventional decisions of the commander-in-chief. The advantage of the rear admiral was the rejection of habitual and stereotypical actions and moves. The Turks could not predict Fyodor Fedorovich's plans and inevitably suffered defeat. The name of Ushak Pasha was no longer thundering only within Russia; Turkish commanders were openly afraid of him. Even superiority in firearms could not save the enemy from defeat, since Ushakov skillfully fought at very close ranges and used all possible artillery and guns.
In 1790, when the Russian fleet, which set out from Sevastopol, met with the stronger and more equipped ships of Kapudan Pasha Hussein, victory was again won. This clash can be called a battle very conditionally, since when Ushakov’s forces were discovered, the Turks hastily and disorganizedly began to retreat.

Fedor Fedorovich could only go on the offensive and destroy the enemy ships. The year 1791 was marked by a brilliant Russian victory at a cape called Kaliakria, after which peace was concluded on terms favorable to the Empire, and the successful commander was awarded the rank of vice admiral.
After the death of the Empress, Ushakov was appointed to the post of Commander-in-Chief of the Mediterranean Fleet. Here Fyodor Fedorovich, who almost became a world celebrity, was entrusted with assisting the anti-French coalition. Former opponents have become allies. The Turkish government instructed its commanders not only to obey the talented commander, but also to diligently learn from him.
Luck did not leave Ushakov in the Mediterranean either. Within a short time, Russian forces, together with the Turkish fleet, liberated the Ionian Islands from the French presence. During the actions, not only the vice admiral’s leadership abilities were revealed, but also his diplomatic talent. For example, the commander-in-chief helped take the impregnable fortress of Corfu local residents, to whom he turned on the eve of the attack.

In 1799, the flotilla successfully occupied cities on the Italian coast, while Suvorov won brilliant victories on land. Thanks to Suvorov and Ushakov, the authority of the Russian military forces soared to unattainable heights. In 1799, Fedor Fedorovich was finally awarded the rank of admiral. However, already in 1800 Russian ships were recalled to Sevastopol, due to the deterioration of relations between the allies.
With the coming to power of Alexander I, the importance of the fleet fell, since the new emperor did not consider it significant for the country in this period. In 1806, Ushakov Byt was recalled from service and his knowledge, experience and abilities were no longer used. Fedor Fedorovich accepted this fact with dignity. Throughout his service, faith in God and high moral principles guided the admiral's behavior. Meekness, modesty and self-sacrifice instilled from youth, combined with devotion to the Fatherland and the sovereign, allowed Ushakov to accept this turn of fate calmly. Back in 1804, he wrote a report on his service for the good of the Motherland, in which it was said that during the entire period of his command, the enemy was unable to sink any of the ships entrusted to him, or take prisoners. The brilliant career of an amazing man was over.

A huge number of orders, awards, titles, memorable gifts - the famous commander had all this. Despite the opportunity to remain in secular society, where he was respected and appreciated by everyone without exception, and young men simply worshiped him, Ushakov chose to retire to his village. His life in old age was more like a monastic life. Fedor Fedorovich never married, and spent all his savings on charity. He made large contributions for the benefit of the church, participated in the fate of the unfortunate and disadvantaged, and took orphaned nephews into his care. Terrible Admiral Russian fleet he lived in modesty and one might even say in poverty, because he considered this worthy of a true Christian. He prayed a lot and lived for a long time in the monastery, standing for hours in the church during services.
In 1812, Fyodor Fedorovich was elected commander of the militia gathered in the Tambov province to resist Napoleonic troops, but Ushakov could not accept this honor, since he was already weak and sick. Nevertheless, righteous and selfless, the admiral organized a hospital for the wounded, and also donated large sums, both for the militia and for other needs. In 2001 Orthodox Church canonized Ushakov and ranked him among the righteous, which he certainly deserved.

“Military acceptance. Trace in History" is dedicated to the 200th anniversary of the memory of the great Russian naval commander Fyodor Fedorovich Ushakov. We will present a reconstruction of innovative ideas developed and introduced into combat practice by the legendary and invincible admiral: together with yachtsmen we will recreate the tricks of tactical maneuvering at sea, and with artillery historians we will carry out military acceptance of a cannon from the time of Ushakov, installing it on the famous “Ushakov swing”. To get acquainted with the elements of the admiral, we will go on a sea voyage on a historical sailing ship of the 18th century, and show the audience exclusive underwater footage of the Turkish ship sunk by Ushakov’s squadron in the Kerch Strait.

Fyodor Ushakov - holy admiral.

Fyodor Fedorovich Ushakov, the future great Russian naval commander and admiral, was born (13) February 24, 1744 in the village of Burnakovo into an impoverished noble family. In 1766, Fedor graduated from the naval cadet corps and went to serve in the Baltic.
A native of the Yaroslavl province, Fedor Fedorovich Ushakov remained in the history of the Russian Empire as a brilliant naval commander, a devoted servant of his homeland and a righteous Christian. The future admiral was born two hundred and sixty-seven years ago back in 1745. His birthday according to modern calculations falls on February 24th. On this memorable date, we propose to remember all the merits of this brilliant naval commander, who during the entire period of his leadership did not lose a single ship and did not surrender a single sailor.

The memory of this amazing man still lives in the Fatherland. Awards, magnificent sea vessels are named after him, and an interesting film was made about the amazing life of the admiral. An asteroid was named in honor of Fyodor Ushakov, and the Orthodox Church canonized him as the patron saint of the navy.
The father of the brilliant admiral was dismissed from service from the Life Guards with the rank of sergeant of the Preobrazhensky Regiment and had nothing to do with the fleet. A remarkable relative of Ushakov was his uncle Fyodor Sanaksarsky, with whom he is often confused. However, in reality these are completely different personalities. Admiral Ushakov inherited from his uncle boundless faith in God, as well as the ability to humbly endure all life changes, even not the most successful ones. The Ushakov family was distinguished by its strict observance of Orthodox customs, and Fyodor Fedorovich himself was characterized as a meek and modest person.
Ushakov spent his childhood and youth in his father’s village of Burnakovo and received his primary education at the Church of the Epiphany on the Island.

The conditions of his upbringing were particularly strict and modest, since the family adhered to high moral principles and was not at all rich. In addition to Fyodor Fedorovich, three more brothers grew up in the family: Semyon, Gavrila and Ivan. Daily prayer and regular fasting remained forever in the life of the admiral. However, despite his meek disposition and modesty, Fyodor Fedorovich was distinguished by his courage and already in his youth he went with the headman to the forest to hunt, including bear.
As soon as the boy turned 16, he was sent to the Naval Gentry Corps of Cadet, where he distinguished himself for his success in the field of history and military sciences. Fedor Fedorovich graduated from the St. Petersburg building fourth in academic performance. In 1763, Ushakov became a midshipman, and a year later a corporal. Already in 1766, the young man became a midshipman and from 1767 he went on his first sea voyage on a ship called “Nargin”. Acquaintance with the open sea on the way from Kronstadt to Arkhangelsk was the beginning of Ushakov’s brilliant military career. Skirting Scandinavia, the young and still inexperienced Fyodor Ushakov received the most valuable knowledge and mastered the science of navigation.

A flexible, sharp mind and good memory allowed him to become one of the best on the ship and earn the respect of his comrades.
In 1768, Ushakov served under the command of Captain Greig on the ship “Three Hierarchs” and, after sailing in the Gulf of Finland, was sent under Senyavin to the Azov Fleet. It was under the command of Senyavin that Fedor Fedorovich was first able to practice maneuvering and shooting. Basically, the task of the Azov flotilla was to protect the waters and coastal zone in order to prevent enemy landings. After the Russian-Turkish war was over, the Russian Empire had the opportunity to deploy its fleet on the Black Sea. For the first time, Ushakov became the captain of the ships of the sailing ship “Hector” and then a boat called “Courier”. Each new position allowed the future admiral to accumulate invaluable experience, which would be so useful to him in the future. Ushakov also sailed on the improved ship “Morea”, as well as on the ship “Modon”. Each new ship became the next stage in honing the young commander’s skills, and the tasks were carried out at the highest level.

In 1780, the still young Ushakov opened up the prospect of a successful secular career and was given the opportunity to get closer to the favors of the imperial court. He is appointed captain of the imperial yacht.
However, such an appointment was received by Fedor Fedorovich without much enthusiasm, and after a short period of time he was assigned to Sukhotin’s squadron. In 1776, with the rank of captain-lieutenant, Ushakov commanded the Northern Eagle and then the frigate St. Paul. While serving in Sukhotin's squadron, Fedor Fedorovich gains additional experience and earns the respect of his commanders for his courage and the love of his subordinates. It must be said that throughout his entire service in the fleet of the empire, Ushakov did not change his lifestyle and strictly adhered to the Orthodox canons. He was a caring, but fair and stern commander. What distinguished the future admiral was that he never felt sorry for himself, and did not throw his subordinates into rash undertakings. Every action associated with a risk to people was weighed and calculated to the smallest detail.

Fedor Fedorovich also made a significant contribution to the construction of impregnable Sevastopol. According to the testimony of his contemporaries, Ushakov was so selflessly involved in the work that sometimes, when there was a lack of funds, he transferred his own salary and savings to pay for certain works. Upon arrival at the fortress, Catherine the Great noted Ushakov among the most distinguished officers.
However, a decisive rise up the career ladder began with the entry into the war with Turkey from 1787 to 1789. In the battle near Zmeiny Island (otherwise called Fidonisi) in 1787, thanks to the resourceful actions of 4 frigates under the command of Ushakov, the Turkish ships, which outnumbered the Russian forces several times, suffered a crushing defeat and were forced to flee. The tactics of the talented captain of brigadier rank were quite simple: not to allow a ring to close around the Russian ships; to impose battle on the Turkish flagship, appointed to lead the entire course of the attack. The ability to discern the enemy’s intentions only by certain signs of formation and maneuvers, to instantly make an intelligent decision, as well as amazing courage and rejection of standard techniques and methods became a special feature that distinguished Ushakov from a number of other officers.

However, the brilliant actions of the promising Ushakov became the basis for a conflict with commander Voinovich. Fyodor Fedorovich's career was saved by the timely intervention of Potemkin. His address to the Empress pointed out Voinovich’s complete inability to organize successful operations of the Black Sea Fleet, and at the same time, focused on the merits of the promising Ushakov. Potemkin expressed his admiration for the sharpness of mind and abilities of Fyodor Fedorovich, comparing him with the unfortunate Voinovich. The result was not long in coming; already in 1789 he was awarded the rank of rear admiral.
The personal relationship between Potemkin and Ushakov developed very well. Two talented and loyal commanders to Russia understood and respected each other. Fedor Fedorovich, due to his active nature, could not tolerate various kinds of bureaucratic delays and administrative routine, therefore he was exempted from its execution by order of Potemkin.

After the defeat at Fidonisi, Turkish commanders were instructed to take revenge. The ships of Ushak Pasha, as the Turks called Ushakov, were ordered to be destroyed. However, a series of clashes with the growing Russian fleet showed Ushakov's superiority. Even a superior enemy could not withstand the lightning-fast and unconventional decisions of the commander-in-chief. The advantage of the rear admiral was the rejection of habitual and stereotypical actions and moves. The Turks could not predict Fyodor Fedorovich's plans and inevitably suffered defeat. The name of Ushak Pasha was no longer thundering only within Russia; Turkish commanders were openly afraid of him. Even superiority in firearms could not save the enemy from defeat, since Ushakov skillfully fought at very close ranges and used all possible artillery and guns.
In 1790, when the Russian fleet, which set out from Sevastopol, met with the stronger and more equipped ships of Kapudan Pasha Hussein, victory was again won. This clash can be called a battle very conditionally, since when Ushakov’s forces were discovered, the Turks hastily and disorganizedly began to retreat.

Fedor Fedorovich could only go on the offensive and destroy the enemy ships. The year 1791 was marked by a brilliant Russian victory at a cape called Kaliakria, after which peace was concluded on terms favorable to the Empire, and the successful commander was awarded the rank of vice admiral.
After the death of the Empress, Ushakov was appointed to the post of Commander-in-Chief of the Mediterranean Fleet. Here Fyodor Fedorovich, who almost became a world celebrity, was entrusted with assisting the anti-French coalition. Former opponents have become allies. The Turkish government instructed its commanders not only to obey the talented commander, but also to diligently learn from him.
Luck did not leave Ushakov in the Mediterranean either. Within a short time, Russian forces, together with the Turkish fleet, liberated the Ionian Islands from the French presence. During the actions, not only the vice admiral’s leadership abilities were revealed, but also his diplomatic talent. For example, the commander-in-chief was helped to take the impregnable fortress of Corfu by local residents, whom he approached on the eve of the attack.

In 1799, the flotilla successfully occupied cities on the Italian coast, while Suvorov won brilliant victories on land. Thanks to Suvorov and Ushakov, the authority of the Russian military forces soared to unattainable heights. In 1799, Fedor Fedorovich was finally awarded the rank of admiral. However, already in 1800 Russian ships were recalled to Sevastopol, due to the deterioration of relations between the allies.
With the coming to power of Alexander I, the importance of the fleet fell, since the new emperor did not consider it significant for the country in this period. In 1806, Ushakov Byt was recalled from service and his knowledge, experience and abilities were no longer used. Fedor Fedorovich accepted this fact with dignity. Throughout his service, faith in God and high moral principles guided the admiral's behavior. Meekness, modesty and self-sacrifice instilled from youth, combined with devotion to the Fatherland and the sovereign, allowed Ushakov to accept this turn of fate calmly. Back in 1804, he wrote a report on his service for the good of the Motherland, in which it was said that during the entire period of his command, the enemy was unable to sink any of the ships entrusted to him, or take prisoners. The brilliant career of an amazing man was over.

A huge number of orders, awards, titles, memorable gifts - the famous commander had all this. Despite the opportunity to remain in secular society, where he was respected and appreciated by everyone without exception, and young men simply worshiped him, Ushakov chose to retire to his village. His life in old age was more like a monastic life. Fedor Fedorovich never married, and spent all his savings on charity. He made large contributions for the benefit of the church, participated in the fate of the unfortunate and disadvantaged, and took orphaned nephews into his care. The formidable admiral of the Russian fleet lived in modesty and one might even say in poverty, as he considered this worthy of a true Christian. He prayed a lot and lived for a long time in the monastery, standing for hours in the church during services.
In 1812, Fyodor Fedorovich was elected commander of the militia gathered in the Tambov province to resist Napoleonic troops, but Ushakov could not accept this honor, since he was already weak and sick. Nevertheless, righteous and selfless, the admiral organized a hospital for the wounded, and also donated large sums, both for the militia and for other needs. In 2001, the Orthodox Church canonized Ushakov and ranked him among the righteous, which he certainly deserved.

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