What is the name of the she-wolf from Mowgli Kipling. What was the name of the jackal from "Mowgli" and other characters in the work

I stumbled upon the fact that the elephant in Hindi is "hathi". Immediately I remembered that in "Mowgli" the elephant was called exactly that - "Hathi". Naturally, I wondered if Kipling gave all the animals names that denote their own names? In our enlightened age of Google and Wikipedia, I quickly found answers to almost all questions. First, of course, I dabbled with Google Translator, and then (unable to find all the names), I went to Wiki. This is how this post was born. Dedicated to everyone who read Mowgli in childhood. The illustrations, by the way, are taken from the book I read, Malysh Publishing House, 1976.

The most difficult thing was to understand where the name "Mowgli" comes from. Kipling also calls the main character a "frog", and I naturally tried all the options: frog, frog, toad, fry, tadpole. Nothing like that happens. It was not possible to get Mowgli from other words denoting children and cubs. Wikipedia writes that there is no such word in Hindustani, and that Kipling invented it himself. Well, I'm ready to believe it, but it didn't hurt to check the obvious options. :)

Kaa is another character whose name I could not translate. There are rather confusing versions on Wikipedia, but, it seems to me the most plausible version is that this is just onomatopoeia of a snake hiss. And Kipling himself, it seems, explained the origin of this name in this way.

Tabaki supposedly translates to "jackal", but Google Translate does not confirm this. Perhaps a particular type of jackal is called this word. Wikipedia says that people are called this word when they want to insult in public, without using swear words.

Sher Khan. It's funny, but the name of this tiger can be translated as "The Lion King". To be precise "Khan Lev". So the tiger calls himself, claiming the title of Lord of the Jungle. Why the tiger calls itself a lion is not clear. From birth, his mother called him "Lungri" - lame, which is not confirmed by Google Translator either. :)

Bagheera's confusion continues. The name of this panther is a diminutive of the word "bug", which translates as "tiger". Those. "Bagheera" is something like "little tiger". These are Kipling's views on the taxonomy of felines. :) Remarkably, in the original of The Jungle Book, Bagheera is a male. In the structure of the book, Bagheera is a friend of Mowgli, who has a wolf father and a wolf mother, as well as brothers and sisters, who are also wolves. So in the Russian translation, Bagira's conversion into a woman (especially after the cartoon, where she was given a gorgeous sexy contralto) makes the role of a panther very ambiguous. :)

Baloo is simple. The mentor is the sloth bear, the only animal that fits the description and that lives in the Indian jungle. In Hindi, "bear" sounds like "Balu".

Akela is often called a lone wolf in the book. He is the leader of the pack, and he has no family. Actually "akela" is translated as "lonely".

Have adoptive father Mowgli's name, of course, was, but he was never mentioned, simply called "Father-Wolf". The Wolf Mother, on the other hand, was named Raksha. Raksha is the feminine version of the word "rakshas", which means a demon from Hindu mythology. She got her name for her indomitable fierce character in battles.

Bandar-log. Is not singular denoting the name or name of an animal. For Kipling, Bandar-log is the name of the entire monkey tribe. Presumably gray langurs claim this role. Literally "bandar-log" is translated as monkey people. Therefore, in principle, the use of the word in the plural - "banderlog" - is not entirely correct, because it already implies the plural.

Albino Cobra Guarding Treasure ancient city Mowgli calls the "White Cowl". It is clear that due to her color and open hood. And he also calls her ironically "Tuu", which supposedly means "dried up". In the sense that she no longer has poison. However, I have not received confirmation of this in Google Translate. :)

The lord of the elephants Hathi, as I have already mentioned, is translated as "elephant". As with Balu, everything is extremely simple here. :)

Buffalo's name is Rama. This name was given to him by people. Rama was a mighty leader of the buffaloes, and therefore it is quite understandable why he was named after the famous mythical hero - Rama.

How the name of the bat Manga is translated remained a mystery to me. More or less consonant in Hindi, the word that I managed to find - "mandara" - means "to soar"

The name of the porcupine is Sakhi, which literally translates as "porcupine". It is noteworthy that in later versions of the book his name is Iki. What does "iki" mean, I could not find.

"The jungle book"(English "The Jungle Book") - Disney cartoon of 1967 based on the works of Rudyard Kipling - The Jungle Book and The Second Jungle Book (English). it last film, filmed during the lifetime of Walt Disney. On December 15, 1966, he died of lung cancer.

Plot

Once in the jungle, Bagheera the panther finds a human baby, and in order to save him from death, he takes the boy to a local family of wolves, where he is raised and given the name Mowgli, which means "frog".

Ten years later, a message arrives in the wolf pack that the man-eating tiger Shere Khan is returning to the jungle. Knowing that he hates people and will kill the first one that caught his eye, the wolves decide to take Mowgli to a human village for his safety. Bagheera takes over this business.

Releases

American releases

In 1991, the animated film was released on VHS by Walt Disney Home Video and Walt Disney Classics, and in 1999, it was first released on DVD for the 30th anniversary of the cartoon, and later, in 2007, for the 40th anniversary. On the summer anniversary, a platinum edition of the film was released.

Russian releases

In the USSR and the CIS, it was distributed on "pirate" videotapes translated by A. Mikhalev, V. Gorchakov and P. Pryamostanov. In Russia, a DVD with Russian dubbing was officially released on October 18, 2007 for the 40th anniversary of the cartoon entitled: The Jungle Book: Platinum Collection, simultaneously with the USA. The DVD contains the following Additional materials:

Cast

Original dubbing

Russian dubbing

Characters (edit)

• Mowgli- boy, main character cartoon. V early childhood was found by the panther Bagira, who carried him to the family of wolves. Throughout the film, he was forced to leave for a human village, away from Shere Khan, but he refused. Soon he met a bear named Baloo, with whom he began to spend time. In the end, he himself leaves for a human village, because of his new girlfriend, Shanti.

• Baloo- the second main character of the cartoon. First appears when meeting with Mowgli, with whom they become friends. Baloo is a lazy and carefree, but devoted bear who believes that everything in life is nonsense, except true friendship... He loves Mowgli very much, so he is ready for anything for him. Has the nickname "Daddy Bear" given to him by Mowgli.

• Bagheera- a wise panther and one of the main characters of the cartoon. It was he who found Mowgli when he was a child and took him to the wolf family. Throughout the film, he tried to take Mowgli to a human village in order to save him from Shere Khan, but when Baloo appears on his way, he fails. However, Mowgli still leaves for the village at the end of the cartoon.

• Shere Khan- a man-eating tiger and the main antagonist of the cartoon. He is very strong and dangerous, the inhabitants of the jungle are trying to stay away from him. He hates people (which is why he intends to eat Mowgli), and is very afraid of fire. It is with the help of fire that Mowgli defeats Shere Khan and he escapes from the jungle. In the second part of the cartoon, he returns to the jungle to take revenge on Mowgli.

• King Louis- an imposing and slightly insane monkey king who dreams of becoming a man. Orangutan. He kidnaps Mowgli and makes a deal with him: Mowgli will stay in the jungle if he helps him learn how to light a fire (since he believes that it is fire that distinguishes a person from an animal), believing that Mowgli knows how to do it. However, Baloo and Bagheera save Mowgli, accidentally destroying Louis's palace and leaving it in ruins.

Colonel Hathi is an elephant colonel, one of the minor characters in the film. As befits a real colonel, he has a rather stern and serious character. Has his own squad of elephants, as well as wife Winifred and son Junior.

• This is the last film to be followed by Walt Disney himself.
• The Baloo bear, Bagheera panther, and Hathi elephant were named after their species' names in Hindi. Shere Khan means Tiger King.
• Walt Disney decided to abandon the original concept of The Jungle Book by Rudyard Kipling because it was too dark and dramatic. On this basis, he had disagreements with screenwriter Bill Peet, as a result of which Pete left the project. Larry Clemmons is the new screenwriter. After giving a copy of The Jungle Book, Disney told him, "The first thing I want you not to read."
• According to Elsie Kipling Bainbridge, daughter of Rudyard Kipling, "Mowgli" is pronounced "Mowgli", not "Mowgli." She reportedly never forgave Disney for this oversight.
• Walt Disney died during the production of this film. Many people wondered about the fate of the studio, in particular the animation department. However, the film proved to be extremely successful at the box office, which guaranteed the continuation of the studio's activities. If the film had failed, it is likely that Disney's animation studio would have closed.
• Kaa's song "Trust Me" was originally written for Mary Poppins as "Sand Earth" but was not used there.
• The role of Verna Felton (Winifred - assistant and wife of Colonel Hatha) was her last, she died in December 1966, the day before the death of Walt Disney himself. Her first role was also in the Disney cartoon - The Elephant Matriarch in Dumbo.
• Immediately after Mowgli's escape, Bagheera tries to convince Colonel Hatha to start searching, and Hatha's wife, Winifred, announces that if they don't help find him, she will take command of the herd. Hathi is outraged at the thought that a woman will rule. The joke is that elephants have matriarchy - an elephant rules the herd, while adult males usually live alone.
• The serpent Kaa has a completely different character in the film than in the original book. In the book, he is Mowgli's friend and advisor, and the one who saves him from the apes. In the film, he is a villain who wants to eat Mowgli.
• Bruce Reiterman, who voiced Mowgli and Christopher Robin in the first Walt Disney films about Winnie the Pooh, is now a documentary filmmaker wildlife... Bruce is also the son of Wolfang "Wooley" Reiterman, one of Disney's animators.
• Due to the busy schedule of their band, Louis Prima and Phil Harris recorded the song "I wanna be like you" separately.
• The stripes on Shere Khan's hide turned out to be a sheer nightmare for animators.
• Walt Disney and screenwriter Bill Peet (who convinced Disney to take on the film and then left the project due to disagreements with him) were the first in the world to make an animated version of The Jungle Book.
• In the cartoon, the bandar logs have a monkey king Louis, which completely contradicts Kipling's book, which says that the bandar logs cannot choose their leader. In addition, Louis is an orangutan, and this type of monkey does not live in India.

Into the wolf family. He liked the mother-wolf Raksha. She named him Mowgli ("frog") and protected him from the man-eating tiger Sher Khan, who considered him his prey. The wolves have nursed and raised a human cub. The family lives in a pack that is governed by the law of the jungle - only the council of the pack can decide whether Mowgli will live among the animals or be devoured by Shere Khan.

Since the wolf pack was still hesitating in its decision, the panther Bagheera gave the ransom for the boy's life - the buffalo she had just gotten. Mowgli is accepted into the pack.

Abduction (1968)

Mowgli - Foster-son in a wolf family - he grows up and studies at the "school" of the Baloo bear. He quickly grows up and shows abilities, which is not particularly pleased with Bagheera. After Mowgli saved Hathi the elephant from the trap, the rumor that a human cub was living in a wolf pack reached the Banderlog. The monkey tribe living in the trees decided to make Mowgli their leader. They steal Mowgli and take him to an abandoned city in the jungle.

In the jungle, nobody wants to mess with monkeys. The only one they fear is the Kaa python. They come to him for help Bagheera and Baloo. Mowgli's composure and the help of friends help him get out of captivity.

Akela's Last Hunt (1969)

Mowgli grew up, and in order for him to take his rightful place in the pack, he needs to arm himself. Python Kaa helps Mowgli find the Iron Tooth, an ancient dagger, in an abandoned cave, and from Bagheera he learned about the Red Flower - this is how fire is called in the jungle. And Mowgli finds a pot of burning coals in the village, which he takes with him. This happened very in time, because the old foe, the tiger Shere Khan, raised a turmoil in the pack, intending to overthrow the leader Akela, after he had failed in the hunt. Only Mowgli's intervention saved Akela from Sher Khan's treachery.

Battle (1970)

A terrible threat looms over the wolf tribe and all living things that inhabit the jungle. Hordes of bloodthirsty red dogs, from which there is no escape, are approaching the native places for Mowgli. But Mowgli and his friends give them a fight and win.

Return to People (1971)

There is a drought in the jungle. After the death of Akela, Mowgli stood at the head of the wolf pack. Finally, it's time to settle accounts with Mowgli's main enemy, the tiger Sher Khan, who broke the truce during the drought. Mowgli manages to kill the tiger. Later, the time for renewal, flowering and love comes to the jungle. Mowgli is vaguely uneasy. It's time to get back to people.

Introduction

Ma; Ugli (eng. Mowgli) - a character in the books by Rudyard Kipling "The Jungle Book" and "The Second Jungle Book", as well as several film adaptations and cartoons.

Mowgli

We can find a short description of Mowgli's life on Wikipedia.
“Indian boy. He is dark and black-haired, like most Hindus. His parents abandoned him to escape the tiger Sher Khan. The boy miraculously survived and ended up being raised in a family of wolves. Sherkhan came and demanded "his prey", but Mowgli's adoptive mother, the she-wolf Raksha, flatly refused to give it up and was even ready to fight. In the end, Mowgli is accepted into the pack. Baloo the bear becomes his teacher, and Bagheera the panther becomes his friend and protector. When Mowgli grew up, he had to endure many adventures: he is captured by monkeys (banderlog, as they are called); restores the power of Akela, who was "framed" during the hunt; fights with red dogs. But Sherkhan remains his main opponent. The tiger could not forget that unsuccessful hunt when he was left without prey. There is a misconception among some readers that during this hunt Sher Khan went limp when he burned his paw in a fire, but in fact he was born lame, as evidenced by Kipling's The Jungle Book. " [VP]

In addition, there are many colorful characters from The Jungle Book, whose name etymology is still unknown. In any case, we do not know what was the reason for R. Kipling's choice of names, although we know about the main characters from sources. Kipling called Mowgli "a frog", and the tiger Sherkhan is known as lame from birth and his mother gave him his name - Lungri (Lungri is translated from Hindi as "lame").
But "frog" is not a name, but a nickname that the children of Mowgli received. Probably, observing the children of Mowgli, who moved, squatting and moving their hands on the ground, in the pose of a frog, R. Kipling came up with such a nickname. And the very name Mowgli has long attracted me with its mysteriousness, like the names of other characters in The Jungle Book. I am deeply convinced that the names of the characters in literary works, legends and myths are not accidental, but a conscious choice of the author. Probably, R. Kipling turned to the ancient Indian language, Hindi, Sanskrit, choosing the names of his characters, giving them epithets according to their status and way of life, but he hardly assumed that the Indian languages ​​have Slavic roots.
F. Dostoevsky's Raskolnikov is therefore a “schismatic” because his consciousness is split. Neschastlivtsev Ostrovsky is unhappy in life. In Homer, Kassandra is a soothsayer> kassandra> koschunij - a blasphemer (Slav.) (Reduction sch / ss, n / d, replacement j / r), blasphemer - so in the old days in Russia they called predictors, hence Koschey the Immortal in a Russian fairy tale. Achilles - "frail" (Slav.), Because his sick in childhood, his mother dipped in a vat with medicinal herbs holding the heel. By the way, Shirkhan is also “frail” or “brittle”, because he is lame from birth.
Search for Slavic roots in foreign words conducted according to my method.
Lungri - Lungri (English)> lomkij - brittle (Slav.) (Replacement m / n, j / r, reduction k / g).
And the name Mowgli follows from the description of Mowgli himself: “Indian boy. He is dark and black-haired, like most Hindus. "
Mowgli - Maugli> smuglj / ugolnij - swarthy / coal (Slav.) (Skip s, replace j / i; inv. Maugli, stop g / l, replace nj / m)

“It was named so by Kipling in honor of the Indian padishah and military leader Sher-Shah (in the translation from Hindi“ Tsar-lion ”,“ Tsar-tiger ”). The word Sher is translated from Urdu, Hindi and Farsi, where it means letters. "Tiger". The word "Khan" comes from the Turkic title of the same name. They called him Sher Shah (real name - Farid Khan) after he killed a tiger while hunting. Name abbreviations: Hanny, Canny.
According to Kipling himself, “Shere Khan” should be pronounced “Sheer Karn”. One way or another, but his name in English, Russian and other film adaptations is always pronounced "Sherkhan". " [VP]
I do not know what meaning R. Kipling put into the name "Shirkan", but it is written together as Shirkhan. It is difficult to imagine a combination of Hindi and Turkic roots in the name, therefore the word "Khan" is inappropriate for the name of the Tiger. Khan (Türk.)> Xan –konj - equestrian (Slav.) (Reduction k / x), comes from the Slavs. noun prince - knjaz - konik - horseman (slav.) (reduction k / z)
In Hebrew, I met the word shahor / shaxor - black (Hebrew)> chernoj / chirk! / Cherkanj - black / chirk! / Strikethrough (slav.) (Reduction ch / sh, replacement n / vx, stop x / r; stop . x / r, reduction k / x)
Striated - striped - Shirkhan from The Jungle Book or shaxor - shtrix - stroke, hatched (Slav.) (Skip t, stop x / r), where the “stroke” is also striped!
So the Shirkhan tiger is a striped tiger!
By the way, Cher - sher - tiger (Hindi)> tgr - tiger (Slav.) (Reduction t / s, g / h)

Other characters

Consider the names of other famous, but already minor characters in the "Jungle Book" in the Slavic tradition.

Bagheera is a black panther. Mowgli's friend and mentor. His patron
Bagira - Bagira> Beglaj - Runaway (Slav.) (Reduction l / r). The panther is known to be the fastest feline on earth.

Baloo is a big, old and fat bear. Teacher Mowgli and the cubs in the pack. Protector and patron of Mowgli.
Balu - Balu> lapu - Lapa (Slav.) (Inv. Balu, reduction p / b), it is known that the bear is called "clubfoot".

Akela is a former lone wolf, the head of the pack in which Mowgli lived. Mowgli's friend and protector.
Akela - Akela> Odnkij - Lonely (Slav.) (Skip dn, replace j / l)

Hathi is a wise elephant.
Hatkhi - Xatxi> Xodkj - Khodky (Slav.) (Reduction d / t, k / x), where "elephant" in Slavic means "spank".

Sakhi is a porcupine. A grunt and a passing character.
Sakhi - Saxi> Suxj / Kalсj - Sukhoi / Kolkiy (Slav.) (Inv. Sax, reduction k / x, c / s, skip l)

Jackal Tabaki is a sycophant and flatterer. Servant and informer of Sher Khan, his retinue.
Tabaki - Tabaki> Sobaka - Dog (Slav.) (Reduction s / t), where the jackal is from the canine genus.

Banderlog is a monkey pack. The gray monkeys who kidnapped Mowgli
Bandergoli - Banderlogi> band-berlogi - gang from the den (slav.) (Skip b)

Kite Chil is a messenger and assistant. He sees everything from the top. Helps Mowgli
Chile - Chil> Ochij - Ochiy (slav.) (Replacement j / l)

Peacock Moa is a passing character between episodes
Moa - Moa> Pava - Pava (Slavic) (reduction p / m, skip v), where "pava" is a peacock in Old Slavic.

Kaa is a huge, reticulated boa constrictor (or python). A wise counselor and helper.
Kaa - Noga - Leg (Slav.) (Skip n, reduction g / k)
“Porzig (2002: 298) indicates that only in Greek, Armenian and Aryan the old Indo-European name for“ snake ”has survived - Old Ind ahi-, avest. a; i-, Greek. ';;;;. " ... Whence ahi> ka (inv. Ah, reduction k / h)> noga - leg (Slav.)
.

Abbreviations

SPI - A word about Igor's regiment
PVL - The Tale of Bygone Years
SD - Dahl's Dictionary
SF - Vasmer's dictionary
SIS - dictionary of foreign words
TCE - explanatory dictionary Efremova
TSOSH - Explanatory Dictionary of Ozhegov, Shvedov
CRS - dictionary of Russian synonyms
BTSU - Ushakov's large explanatory dictionary
SSIS - a compiled dictionary of foreign words
MAK - Small Academic Dictionary of the Russian Language
VP - Wikipedia
EBE - Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron
TSB - big Soviet encyclopedia
SK - etymological dictionary of Krylov

1. Rudyard Kipling "The Jungle Book"
2. Rudyard Kipling "The Second Jungle Book"
3. VN Timofeev "Methodology for searching for Slavic roots in foreign words", http://www.tezan.ru/metod.htm
4. Part 4. Phrygians and Armenians (Ancient migrations and the origin of Indo-European peoples), http://bratorm.livejournal.com/106999.html