Lioness family. What is the name of the lion's family. Sexual relations between a man and a Leo woman

From time immemorial, the lion evoked respect and awe in humans. Its majestic appearance, formidable roar and courage conferred the status of the king of beasts on the lion. Lions are distinguished from other predatory cats by the fact that they live in families called prides. Lions are the most sociable of predatory cats. They prefer to hunt, eat and rest in groups. The number of the lion's pride can range from four to forty individuals. The family is headed by a leader, but lionesses do the main work. Their tasks are raising offspring and hunting. The leader marks the boundaries of the territory. Defending his family, he will fight to the death. Lionesses drive away other females who are trying to join the pride. But fights do not happen so often, usually lions, having caught the smell of the marked territory, turn to the side. Hunting and rest Hunting together, lionesses kill prey without much difficulty. The favorite delicacy of lions is antelopes, gazelles, zebras, sheep, large horned animals. But in times of famine, the family does not disdain even mice and locusts. Tracking down prey, lionesses get close to it, hiding in the grass or bushes. Having waited for the right moment, they attack the animal, stunning it with a blow of their paws and biting on the neck. Sick or weakened individuals are most often the target. In addition to hunting independently, lions take prey from others or pick up carrion. The leader of the pack eats first. If there is a lot of food, other members of the pride are allowed to eat at the same time. Otherwise, they are forced to wait for their turn. Little lion cubs eat last. To avoid being deprived of food, the dominant male follows the meal from start to finish. Having eaten enough, the lions move into the shade and lazily fall asleep on their backs, spreading their paws and occasionally twitching their tails. To get rid of annoying insects, lions can sit on the branches of trees, climbing higher. Family Feelings Leos are very friendly to each other. They rub their muzzles, protect their family members, let individuals who, due to their health, cannot hunt, are allowed to eat. Males are attentive to their friends during courtship. Having chosen a mate for themselves, they, together with the female, leave the pride in a five-day "honeymoon". All this time "lovers" spend together: they walk, eat and sleep without parting. After three and a half months, the pregnant female leaves for a secluded place and gives birth to offspring. Born blind and helpless, lion cubs are exposed to danger from other predators. The lioness is forced to combine hunting and caring for lion cubs. At the age of two months, lion cubs, having gotten a little stronger, can join the pride. In the absence of a mother, they are allowed to feed from another female. A lioness who is able to hunt in a flock again will have more free time that can be spent on raising and caring for the offspring. With a change of power in the pride, the new leader kills not only the previous dominant male, but all his offspring. This is due to the desire to have their own cubs, and females busy with raising other people's cubs are not ready for new mating.

Lionesses are the real embodiment of hard work! They are responsible for the sustenance of the family, for the birth and upbringing of babies, and among other things, they have to support the parasite "hubby" and give him the lion's share after the hunt, in the literal sense. And what about the lions, did they really get the royal nickname only for their amazing lovingness and the ability to sleep 20 hours a day. In fact, the way of the lion's pride is not so simple as it might seem from the outside.

Of all the feline lions, the only ones form families - prides, which usually consist of one male, several females and babies. In rare cases, several sexually mature males coexist in the pride, but only one of them will be the most important - this is the alpha male. He may not be the strongest, but others do not question his leadership.

There is no hierarchy between females, the king of animals does not have a beloved "wife" either. Often, lionesses give birth at the same time, and all the babies become common and can feed from any mother who is nearby.

Lion cubs of both sexes live in the pride up to 2-2.5 years. Matured lionesses will remain in the pride and become mothers, and lions, with the end of puberty, will begin to claim the throne, and either seize power or be expelled.

Exiled males 1-3 years old can live alone or gather in small bachelor groups. If they are lucky, they will be able to capture some orphaned pride or topple the weaker alpha male.

As befits a family, the pride occupies its own territory, on average about 50 hectares. The most favorable environment are savannas with an open landscape, a watering hole and an abundance of herbivores.

The life of an alpha male is very dangerous, he marks and defends the territory, drives away strangers or engages with them in a bloody battle, but on the other hand, he also eats first and mates first with females. The reign period lasts on average 2-2.5 years.

Lions live much less than lionesses, and rarely die of old age. Expelled from the pride by strong sons, the lonely and hungry former alpha quickly perishes from hunger, disease and injury.

Lions get food in three ways: they hunt themselves, eat carrion, or beat off prey from other predators. Lionesses usually hunt, they eat very small prey on the spot, and carry large prey to the family. Daddy the lion comes first to eat, he will not share with anyone. Lionesses, by the way, also do not show maternal self-sacrifice, they ferociously drive away the babies until they are satisfied themselves. Lion cubs eat last and this is the harsh law of nature - adults are more valuable for survival than young animals.

It is not uncommon for lions to take prey from leopards and hyenas, but this rarely happens. In times of famine, lions will not disdain carrion of any degree of decay.

It happens that the lion's "harem" is left without a head of the family, then the ladies can only sit and wait until a new leader captures them. Most likely it will be a strong young lion who has already left his native land, but has not yet had time to start his own family. The fate of the lion cubs in such cases is sad. Lions do not practice adoption and the first thing the new head of the family will do is kill and eat all the cubs from the predecessor. Of course, this sounds very cruel, but the fact is that until the babies grow up, the lioness does not come into heat, that is, during its short period of reign, the lion may not wait for mating. And the most important thing is to leave offspring!

They prefer to hunt, eat and rest in groups. The number of the lion's pride can range from four to forty individuals. The family is headed by a leader, but lionesses do the main work. Their tasks are offspring and.

The leader marks the boundaries of the territory. Defending his family, he will fight to the death. Lionesses drive away other females who are trying to join the pride. But fights do not happen so often, usually lions, having caught the smell of the marked territory, turn to the side.

Hunting and rest

Tracking down prey, lionesses get close to it, hiding in the grass or bushes. After waiting for the right moment, they attack the animal, stunning it with a blow of their paws and biting on the neck. Sick or weakened individuals are most often the target. In addition to hunting independently, lions take prey from others or pick up carrion.

The leader of the pack eats first. If there is a lot of food, other members of the pride are allowed to eat at the same time. Otherwise, they are forced to wait for their turn. Little lion cubs eat last. To avoid being deprived of food, the dominant male follows the meal from start to finish.

Having eaten enough, the lions move into the shade and lazily fall asleep on their backs, spreading their paws and occasionally twitching their tails. To get rid of annoying insects, lions can sit on the branches of trees, climbing higher.

Family feelings

Males are attentive to their female friends during courtship. Having chosen a mate for themselves, they, together with the female, leave the pride in a five-day "honeymoon". All this time "lovers" spend together: they walk, eat and sleep without parting.

After three and a half months, the pregnant female leaves for a secluded place and gives birth to offspring. Born blind and helpless, lion cubs are exposed to danger from other predators. The lioness is forced to combine hunting and caring for lion cubs.

At the age of two months, lion cubs, having gotten a little stronger, can join the pride. In the absence of a mother, they are allowed to feed from another female. A lioness who is able to hunt in a flock again will have more free time that can be spent on raising and caring for the offspring.

With a change of power in the pride, the new leader kills not only the previous dominant male, but all his offspring. This is due to the desire to have their own cubs, and females busy with raising other people's cubs are not ready for new mating.

Lions have two types of social organization - pride and lone lions. However, a third can be distinguished - a group of bachelor lions, which play an important role in the fate of the first type - prides.

There has long been a not entirely correct opinion about the pride. Usually, the pride is viewed as a kind of patriarchal family - the lion father, lionesses-wives and their children, where the lion-patriarch rules for the rest of his life. This is not quite true, not even true at all.

The pride is the basic social unit of lions. Prides vary in size and structure, but usually contain 5-9 adult females (range 1 to 18), their dependent offspring, and a coalition of 2-6 immigrant males (raised in other prides). The number of adult lions in a coalition is usually two, but their number can rise to four and then decrease again. Upon reaching puberty, young males leave the pride. Pride sizes are smaller the worse conditions are, for example, in arid regions with limited prey. On average, lionesses have 1/7 of the genes of other pride members. The number of lions in the pride varies depending on the timing of births or the high mortality of lion cubs. Males stay in the pride for about 2 years, then another group of males replaces them.

The second type of social organization is wandering lions. A small part of the lions lead a nomadic lifestyle, more often young and adult males without a pride. Most young males go through this, and some of them remain solitary until the end of their lives. Nomadic lions follow the migrations of prey and hunt by gathering together. Lionesses are very attached to their pride and only a few females lead a nomadic lifestyle. A lone female usually returns to or settles near the natal pride. It is much more difficult for her to join another group, since the lionesses in the pride always have family ties and usually drive out strangers. Wandering lions have very large areas that can overlap with the pride territory. They usually meet singly or in groups of about 5, the membership of which is freely variable.

Lions can change their way of life: nomads can form their own pride or join an existing one, and those living in a group can leave it.

The territory of the pride is 20-500 km², but the average size of the prides in Africa is 26-226 km².

Lions have different patterns of behavior both between prides and within the prides themselves. Different populations differ in diet and hunting preferences and methods.

Members of neighboring prides try to stay several kilometers away from their neighbors. If neighboring prides do come into contact, lionesses usually try to drive out intruders, even if there are more of them. Some lionesses play a greater role in protecting the territory than the rest of the females in the pride.

Territorial defense is carried out by males, females and immature lions. Males protect the pride from the invasions of other males, thereby providing some exclusivity of mating, females protect their offspring from stray males and their territory from prides of female neighbors. Females protect dens, hunting grounds, watering places from other prides. Increased aggressiveness in pride defense is common in areas with a high density of lions, such as Ngorongoro Crater. Territorial disputes often end up with larger groups driving out and persecuting smaller groups.

Males defend their territory through cooperative behavior that is not conditioned by kinship or companion behavior. By emitting a roar, he warns the pride of the threat, and also prevents the invasion of the territory of non-pride members. Females with lion cubs determine the roar of their males from the roar of strangers, which may pose a threat to their offspring.

Usually males usually keep on the periphery of the pride area. Mostly lionesses take part in the hunt - they are smaller in size, faster and more flexible than lions. During the hunt, the females act in a coordinated manner - this helps them to most successfully attack the prey. The division of duties on hunting among lionesses in Etosha National Park shows that females constantly perform the same role - some stalk, others sit in ambush and kill their prey. When hunting, the group often begins to draw circles around the intended victim, and each lioness chooses the best route so that the victim runs away in the right direction, where an ambush awaits her. At the same time, team hunting is not highly developed in the Serengeti, where individual lionesses can refrain from hunting, depending on the type of prey being hunted.

Since lionesses hunt in open areas where the victim can easily spot them, coordinated action leads to a more successful hunt. Moreover, a group of lionesses is able to protect their prey from other predators, for example, hyenas, who are attracted by vultures flying over the corpse of a killed animal. Females do the bulk of the hunt. Males, as a rule, do not participate in it, except in those cases when the victim is a large animal - for example, a giraffe or a buffalo.

However, if there is a male near the hunting site, he always dominates when dividing the prey. He is more willing to share what he has got with the offspring than with the lionesses, and in the case of a self-killed victim, he feeds it himself. Small prey is eaten on the spot by the hunters themselves, the larger one is dragged to the pride territory, where the rest of the family gets access to it. On the spot, lions often behave aggressively towards each other and tend to eat as much food as possible.

Young individuals observe the hunting of adult animals, but they themselves begin to take part at the age of one year. They are able to fully hunt only from the age of two.

Social organization among lionesses allows individual members of the pride to concentrate on caring for their offspring for a sufficiently long time, without taking part in obtaining food. During the hunt, each member of the family performs a certain role, more or less constant. One of the key factors in the survival of the pride is the health of the hunters - for this reason, they are the first to get the right to butcher the carcass. Selection also contributes to the social organization, thanks to which related individuals have priority in the division of prey (kin selection), organized protection of offspring, protection of the territory and insurance in case of injury or hunger.

Usually the female joins her pride when her cubs reach 6-8 weeks of age. Sometimes she can return to the pride earlier, especially if the birth occurred synchronously with other lionesses. In such cases, lion cubs grow up almost at the same time, consume the same amount of food, and they have a better chance of survival.

In the pride, lion cubs are kept apart in a "kindergarten" for up to 1 year, although their mother looks after them for about 2 more years until they become pregnant. "Kindergartens" are the social core of the pride. They provide maternal protection to young and adolescent animals from predators and infanticide. Lion cubs can get milk from any lactating female in the pride, although mothers mainly feed their own or children of close relatives (sisters). Females with small litters tend to look after other people's cubs more than females with large litters.

Males can treat lion cubs in different ways: sometimes they can play with them, and sometimes they drive them away from themselves. In most cases, they like to share food more than females.

The number of females changes only after the birth or death of a lioness, although some of them may leave the pride themselves and become nomadic. Mature males leave their natal pride at 2-4 years old, if the capture of the pride by other males does not force him to do it earlier. Most of the females remain in natal prides, but some young females (33% in the Serengeti) leave, also at the age of 2-4 years. Leaving the pride leads to a reduced survival of the litter, especially the first. Females remaining in the natal pride are reproductive for about 12 years, starting at 4-5 years of age.

During rest, communication of lions goes through various expressive movements. The most common tactile gestures are rubbing the head and licking a mate, which may be comparable to the withdrawal in primates. When lions rub their noses against the head, neck, or face of another lion, this is a sign of greeting. Such a sign is used in the event of the return of an animal to its relatives. Males tend to rub against other males while cubs rub against their mothers.

Licking another individual often comes with friction. It is a mutual pleasure gesture. In most cases, lions lick their head and neck.

There are many facial expressions and postures that lions use as visual gestures. They are capable of making sounds that vary in strength and pitch. Lions can roar, purr, hiss, cough, bark, and roar. The roar occurs in a characteristic manner, ranging from a few deep sounds to strong ones. Lions usually roar at night; the sound is heard at a distance of up to 8 km. It is used as a signal to other lions, both members of their pride and outsiders.

Three or more males, as a rule, form new prides from their group, and single lions or pairs of males often combine into larger groups, consisting of the same males from different prides, in order to achieve a successful capture of an existing pride. Bachelor groups are formed as coalitions of related and unrelated males. Coalitions of unrelated males consist of no more than 3 animals, while coalitions of close relatives make up 4-9 animals. A male's reproductive success is directly related to his length of stay in the pride, which depends on the number of males in the coalition.

After conquering the pride, the male coalition usually kills the lion cubs. Within a few days after the death of the pups, the females enter a state of estrus. Sexual activity with new males begins in females that have lost their offspring almost simultaneously, which leads to synchronous childbirth in the pride. Immature males usually leave the pride, young females remain at a distance or also leave the pride if they do not mate with new males. This is especially true of already pregnant young females who will have to raise their offspring on their own.

When a pride becomes too large, the next generation of young females may be forced to leave natal territory without a change of male or coalition of males in the pride.

what is the name of the lion's family

1. Pride. In this family, a single lion and several lionesses are usually.
2. pride
3. Pride.
4. Pride, it seems.
5. Pride
6. Pra # 769; id (English Pride) family flock of lions. Consists of 1 adult male, harem of females and their cubs. The pride is always led by only one male (in the rarest cases, 2 male siblings), whose functions include only reproduction and protection of the territory from other males. Hunting and raising cubs is performed only by lionesses. Lionesses are often close relatives in relation to each other.

   Lion cubs in the pride are always the children of the dominant male at the moment. If the male is driven out by a stronger competitor, the new leader will strive to destroy the living kittens in order to persuade the females to mate again.

   A hunting area controlled by a pride can occupy an area of ​​several tens of square meters. km.

7. Pride
8. pride

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