With different parts of speech theory. Spelling particles are not and neither are with different parts of speech. Spelling NOT with derived prepositions

The summary table presents material about the spelling of NOT with different parts of speech. The table is convenient to use as a small reference for students in preparation for the exam.

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Everything is in one table. Spelling NOT with different parts of speech. Task No. 12 Unified State Examination "

Task number 12 USE Spelling NOT with different parts of speech

I write NOT together with words that are not used without NOT (indignant, raging, hated, forget-me-not, ridiculous, careless ...)

ATTENTION!

Distinguish verbs with the particle NOT and the prefix DO and the verb with the prefix NEDO (=lack of something)

Children in kindergarten do not eat porridge. (Do they have porridge? Yes)

People didn't eat well during the war. (That is, they did not have enough food)

The boy does not reach the bell. The young man lacks courage. (lacks)

Preposition DESPITE (=although) rain... and gerund NEVER LOOKING (at him...)

Remember spelling combinations with pronouns: NOTHING ELSE BUT; NONE OTHER THAN; NOTHING ELSE BUT; NO ONE BUT.

NO MATTER WHAT

76. Spelling particles NOT with different parts of speech, NOT and NI.

1. Written separately:

• particles would (b), same (g), whether (l) (would read, went, the same),
• particles here, after all, they say, as if, etc. (He is supposedly not; local. You know that!);

2. They are written with a hyphen:

• particles something, some, something, either-, -something, -ka, -de, -s, -tka, -tko, -the same (yes, somebody, give it, he-de, enough),

Particle spelling NOT with different parts of speech

Tasks and tests on the topic "Spelling particles NOT with different parts of speech, NOT and NOR."

• Particle as a service part of speech - Particle Grade 7
• Particles - Morphology. Service parts of speech Grade 10

  Lessons: 1 Assignments: 9 Tests: 1

The lesson discusses the rules for determining spelling - letters, continuous and separate spelling NOT with parts of speech, gives an algorithm for choosing a spelling - letters and a method for conveniently remembering the rules for continuous / separate spelling NOT with parts of speech.

2. Reference and information Internet portal "Russian language" ().

Internet resources used

1. Dictionary of linguistic terms ().

2. Subordinating conjunctions and allied words ().

Literature

Russian language: Textbook for 9 cells. educational institutions / S.G. Barkhudarov, S.E. Kryuchkov, L.Yu. Maksimov, L.A. Cheshko. - M.: Education, 2011.

Russian language. 9th grade: textbook. for educational institutions /M.M. Razumovskaya, S.I. Lvov, V.I. Kapinos, V.V. Lviv; ed. MM. Razumovskaya, P.A. Lekanta, - M.: Bustard, 2011.

Litnevskaya E.I. Russian language. A short theoretical course for schoolchildren. - Moscow State University, 2006.

Rosenthal D.E. A guide to spelling and literary editing. - M.: 2012.

Unified state exam in RUSSIAN LANGUAGE. A demonstration version of the control measuring materials for the 2013 unified state exam in the Russian language, prepared by the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF PEDAGOGICAL MEASUREMENTS".

A demonstration version of the control measuring materials for the state (final) certification (in a new form) in the RUSSIAN LANGUAGE in 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013 for students who have mastered the basic general education programs of basic general education was prepared by the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF PEDAGOGICAL MEASUREMENTS ".

As practice shows, the particle NOT causes the greatest number of questions. Its continuous and separate spelling with all parts of speech is studied throughout the entire school course. Let's consider some cases.

Verb

The most "mobile" part of speech is considered to be the verb. Practical every our action we describe with its help. Continuous and separate spelling begin to be studied in elementary school. This is due to the fact that this rule is considered the simplest among other parts of speech. The main thing to remember is that the verb will be written with NOT together only in exceptional cases. As a rule, only separate spelling is peculiar to it.

In order not to be mistaken, it is necessary to distinguish the verb from other groups of speech. Remember, he answers questions (inf.) what to do? (do?).

The particle is NOT used separately: DO NOT see, DO NOT inform, DO NOT speak.

In cases where a word cannot exist without this negative particle, we must turn it into a prefix and write it together.

For example: The boss was indignant about being late.

The weather has been raging since the evening.

There are few such words, they are considered exceptions to this simple rule.

Participle

This part of speech is sometimes called the verb form. But it is worth noting that continuous and separate spelling is very different.

When the word we need with NOT is included in the turnover, in this case we will write it separately.

It is worth recalling the meaning of this term. Participle turnover in Russian is called a separate definition, expressed by a participle with words dependent on it.

For example: A wind that does not stop for a minute would be very cold.

In this case, “not subsiding” (adj.) has with it the words that obey it: “not for a minute.” We can say that in this

Now we can be sure that this word will be written with the particle NOT only separately.

Let's take another sentence as an example: "The unread magazine lay on the table."

In this case, the participle does not have any dependent words. It is a definition that obeys the word "magazine". There is no turnover here, so we will write the participle together with the NOT particle.

Continuous and separate writing, therefore, depends on its presence or absence.

gerund

Quite often, speaking about our main action and using a verb for this purpose, we also talk about another, secondary one. In this case, we will refer to the participle. This is precisely the function it has: to talk about an additional action with the main one.

This part of speech also causes difficulty with the use of the NOT particle. In this case, continuous and separate spelling will be similar to the verb. That is, the participle is written with NOT in most cases separately: without drawing, without writing, without having fun.

However, here too we will encounter exceptions. Firstly, these are the words that cannot be written without a particle: indignant, furious.

Secondly, when two prefixes are combined in a word.

For example: unloving, unfinished, unfinished.

True, some linguists believe that this is one whole NEDO morpheme.

Noun

One of the most used and necessary parts of speech in our language. The noun helps us to call objects by their proper names, makes our speech diverse. It is thanks to him that the lexical composition of the entire Russian language is replenished. Continuous and separate writing is regulated by several aspects.

Example: The enemy will never defeat us.

In this sentence, the word with NOT can be replaced by a similar synonymous word "enemy". In this situation, the noun with the particle must be written together.

If the word cannot be used without NOT, let's write them together: ignoramus, dunno, fable.

In order for a noun with this particle to be written separately, two conditions are necessary.

The first is the presence of opposition, which is carried out with the help of unions ah, but and others.

For example: The boy told his parents a lie.

It is necessary to be more careful when the opposition is not explicit, but only implied: It was not my mother who called on the phone. (And someone else). This is the second condition for separate writing.

The use of the particle NOT (continuous and separate spelling) for nouns, adjectives and adverbs is very similar.

Output

In this article, we examined the cases of spelling the particle NOT with some parts of speech. As we could see, there is no single rule in this regard. Continuous and separate spelling not with participles, as well as verbs, gerunds and other parts of speech is different. In order to use this particle correctly, it is necessary to ask a question to the word. This will help determine which part of speech is currently being used. After that, we can easily apply the right rule for each case. The main thing to remember is that there are a number of exceptions to every rule.

Writing not with different parts of speech depends on whether the not part of a word (prefix) or a separate word - a negative particle. Prefix not- is written together with the part of the word following it, particle not written separately with the word following it. Compare, for example: Not the execution is terrible - your disgrace is terrible(P.); A difficult lot, not gratifying / Was taken out for you by fate, / And early with a merciless life / You entered into an unequal battle(Tyutch.).

The difficulty for the writer is to distinguish between particle and prefix. The rules are designed to help the writer distinguish between the prefix not- and particle not and on the basis of this, choose a continuous or separate spelling.

Particle not expresses negation without creating a new word, whereas with the prefix not- a word is created, compare: Not experience is the reason, but prudence And Inexperience leads to trouble(P.).

With words of some grammatical categories not can only be written separately, with words of other categories - both together and separately. In addition, there are conditions that determine only the continuous spelling not regardless of the grammatical category of words. Only negative is written separately not , pertaining to the whole phrase.

Consolidated spelling NOT

Regardless of the grammatical affiliation of the word negation not it is written together in the following cases.

1. If after not, which has a negative meaning, there follows a part of the word, which does not exist separately (without not) as an independent word, for example:

Nouns fable, tumbler, ignorance, ignoramus, adversity, unseen, invisible, slave, scoundrel, touchy, ailment, forget-me-not, hatred, bad weather, malfunctions, fidget, slob, foolish, loser, non-Christ;

Adjectives (as well as adverbs formed from them in about ): negligent, inconspicuous, irrevocable, unharmed, inevitable, unchanging, absurd, necessary, invincible, unceasing, inseparable, inexpressible, unending, incessant, undoubted, incomparable, absurd, unfortunate, clumsy, unbearable, unshakable, indisputable, indomitable; carelessly, absurdly, necessary, undoubtedly;

Verbs: to dislike, to dislike, to be indignant, to be unwell, to be unwell, to hate, to be unwell;

Adverbs and other invariable words: unbearable, unbearable, unbearable, unknowingly, by chance, unwittingly, impossible, inadvertently, really.

2. If a part of the word without not in independent use has a different meaning not related to the given word , for example: ignorance('ignorance'; conducting means ‘field of activity’, compare: he was in charge of...); flaw('flaw'; prosperity means ‘prosperity, lack of need’); misfortune(‘trouble’, not ‘lack of happiness’), unimportant('bad'; important means ‘proud’ and ‘significant’); narrow-minded('not very smart'; far means ‘at a great distance’); lack(meaning ‘not enough’), enemy('enemy'). Compare also: unprecedented event, wrong light, incredible event, impossible character, involuntary lie, useless boy, immediate response, immediate reaction; unevenness(meaning ‘uneven place on the surface’); not without reason(meaning ‘not in vain’).

3. As part of the prefixes under- and nebez- (heaven-):

under- with the value of incompleteness, insufficiency compared to the norm, for example: underweight, imperfection, underweight, underestimation, shortcoming; unripe, underdeveloped; to underdo, to underdo, to underestimate, to underestimate, to underestimate, to underestimate, to undersalt;

From verbs with a prefix under- distinguish between verbs with a prefix before- and the preceding particle not(such verbs with particle not denotes an action that has not been completed). Compare: overlooked the child And Didn't finish the play; They are chronically malnourished And He usually doesn't finish his portion..

not without- (heaven-) with the value of a moderate, but sufficiently significant degree of the attribute, for example: notorious(‘quite famous’), unreasonable, useless(‘pretty useful’), fruitless('pretty effective').

Separate spelling NOT

Negative is not written separately in the following cases.

1. With all forms of verbs :

a) with the infinitive and conjugated forms, for example: don't know, don't know, don't know, didn't know, didn't know, take your time, take your time, take your time, don't like it, out of luck;

b) with short forms of participles, for example: not used, not starched, not uncorked, not developed, not closed, not busy, not drunk;

c) with gerunds, for example: not wanting, not being distracted, not hurrying, not joking, not having time, not having met.

From gerunds with a particle not should be distinguished:

a) adverb immediately(‘immediately, immediately’), compare: Got down to business immediately And Without delay in answering, he sat down to write;

b) complex prepositions in spite of, in spite of, compare: Came despite the difficulties And Went without looking around; c) union though.

2. With numerals and countable nouns , for example: not one, not two, not five, not both, not a sixth, not a hundred, not a thousand, not a million.

3. with pronouns , for example: not me, not me, not you, not you, not him, not that, not mine, not ours, not theirs, not anyone, not like that, not everyone, not everyone, not so much, not like this, not always, not everywhere, not in my own voice, not in my own.

4. With adjectives used only in short form : not happy, should not, not much.

5. With adverbs (except for those formed from adjectives with the suffix -about ), as well as with invariable words used as a predicate , for example: not near, not in time, not quite, not right, not for the future, not seriously, not in passing, not yesterday, not enough, not tomorrow, not in vain, not otherwise, not forever, not forever, not on purpose, not really, not behind , not completely, not today, not too much, not from above, not immediately; not sorry, not married, not shameful, not necessary.

There are a few exceptions to this rule: adverbs not far away, inopportunely, shortly, not for long, not much can be written both together and separately.

6. With any words written with a hyphen, for example: not commercial and industrial, not research, not a conference hall, not a social democrat, not in a comradely way, not in Russian, not in our way.

7. With any combination of words :

a) with combinations consisting of significant words (in these cases, the negation does not refer to the word that follows not , but to the whole phrase), for example: not a candidate of science, not a citizen of Russia, not a researcher, not a specialist in the field of philology, not directly proportional;

b) with prepositional combinations, for example: not for children, not for fame, not with them, not along the way, not without reason, not under power, not according to conscience, not from timid, not about war, not in the spirit, not able, not in his mind, not to the face, beyond the power.

Merged / separate spelling NOT

With nouns, adjectives (full and short forms and comparative forms), with adverbs in -about , full participle forms not can be written both together and separately.

-about negation not written separately in the following cases.

1. As part of constructions with opposition : not ... but, not ... but, ... but not ... In such structures not can only be a negative particle, for example:

Not happiness, but just luck; He didn't tell the truth, but a half-truth(compare: Told a lie); Not love, but infatuation(compare: His dislike for animals);

Not a good person, but rather a bad one(compare: He is a bad person); The title is quirky, not original(compare: Non-original title); Not a simple egg, but a golden one(compare: Tough question); It is not the healthy who need a doctor, but the sick; He is resourceful, not cunning; The new sentence is not fairer, but only more severe ;

You did not act badly, but horribly; Understanding this is not easy, but very simple..

Particle is written in the same way not in constructions with opposition and in the absence of union but , for example: This is not entertainment, this is a lesson; Not pleasant - a spectacular sight; A gift is not expensive - love is expensive; He does not act more energetically - more fussy.

Such constructions should be distinguished from oppositions of a different kind, in which conjunctions but And but close in value to though, still, nevertheless, for example: The river was not wide, but full-flowing; He is ugly but smart; She is short but slender; Inexpensive gift, but nice; Ugly, but cute; Silly but boring. Here it is not denied that the river was wide, that it was beautiful, etc., but it is asserted that the river is not wide, that it is ugly, etc.

2. As part of structures that reinforce denial:

but) with words not at all, not at all, not at all, not at all, not at all , for example: This is not true at all; This case is by no means unique; This is by no means obvious; She is far from brave; He is by no means stupid; It's no fun to talk about it; Not in the least embarrassed; She is not more educated than her husband;

b) with negative pronouns: not at all, not at all, no one, no one, no one, never, nowhere, not at all, nothing, nothing, nothing etc., for example: The case is in no way suitable; A worthless project; He is no friend of mine; not in the least envious, not needed by anyone, in no way useless, good for nothing, incapable of anything, not interesting in anything; He is no prettier than his sister;

in) with union no no, for example: Neither the hosts nor the guests know a man; Not needed by me or you.

Constructions that reinforce the negative should be distinguished from constructions that emphasize the affirmative meaning.

3. In combinations almost…, almost…, isn’t…, no further than…, not later than…, not earlier than…

With nouns, adjectives, adverbs in -about negation is NOT written together in the following cases X

1. If the word with cannot be replaced by a word that is close in meaning without not. This possibility means that not - a prefix that forms a special word, for example: non-intervention(neutrality), not true(False); frivolous(frivolous), unhealthy(painful), shallow knowledge(surface), unfriendly(hostile); quietly(quiet), often(often), not easy(hard), not close(long away), quite a few(many).

2. If nouns and adjectives in combination with do not indicate non-belonging to any category of persons or phenomena , for example: non-doctors, non-phraniuses, non-Marxists, non-Christians, non-specialists, non-Muscovites, non-Russians, non-democrats, non-poets, non-terms, non-metals, non-spirits; A non-Russian will look without love / At this pale, bloody, / Whip-slashed Muse(Nekr.); The non-doctor will not understand this; Non-specialists liked the report; A non-Egyptologist will not understand him; A non-mathematician cannot solve this problem; A non-linguist would not write such a dictation; non-academic institutions, non-food additives, non-military industries .

3. If there is no definition or preposition before the noun c. The presence of these words is a sign that not with the given noun forms a single word, for example: Fired for absenteeism; It's all my eternal bad luck; To his rashness was added his usual indecisiveness; Everyone knows about her bad manners; I doze off at balls, / Before them, a mortal reluctant(Gr.).

4. If with an adjective, as well as with an adverb on -about there are words very, extremely, quite, extremely, clearly, rather (enough), enough, egregiously, exceptionally, eminently- words with the meaning of the degree of manifestation of the feature, emphasizing the statement, for example: very dishonest work, slept very restlessly, became extremely inactive and slow, answered extremely unintelligibly and unsatisfactorily, very extraordinary, very thoughtlessly, extremely unresponsive person, extremely unpleasant, clearly inappropriate undertaking, rather unfortunate ending, fairly consistent, blatantly illiterate, exceptionally unfavorable circumstances , highly indecent.

However, words like absolutely, completely, can also be used in combinations of this type (emphasizing the statement), and with words that are not written with separately. Compare, for example: absolutely(totally) bad performance And he is absolutely human(totally) not old(Possibly a synonym not old at all).

5. If there are qualifying adverbs in the form of the comparative degree of adjectives and adverbs , for example: even more uninteresting, much uglier, much more unpleasant, more and more inaccessible, a little more incomprehensible, and also if the form of the comparative degree is used in negative constructions like: there is nothing worse than... or in constructions with unions than... the, for example: the simpler the better; the further, the more disappointing.

From a number of adjectives with a prefix not- and the corresponding adverbs of the form of the comparative degree are not formed. These include education not- from words that have forms with a suffix -e And -she (for example: not rich, uneasy, not loud, not thin, not far), with stressed suffix -her (for example: weak, obscure, uncomplicated, dull). Therefore, it is common to write not richer, not simpler, not louder, not farther, not stronger, not clearer, not funnier.

However, very rarely forms of the comparative degree from such formations with not- occur, for example: The floating ghost has become even more obscure(P.); It’s not easier, more secretive than it was small in all Izvala(Boon.).

In all other cases, in the absence of words in the context that help to recognize the negation or affirmation and, therefore, to distinguish the particle not from prefix not- , the writer must check which words - reinforcing the negation or emphasizing the assertion - are possible in meaning in this context.

If it is possible to substitute words expressing opposition or reinforcing negation ( at all, by no means etc.), is not written separately, for example: way there(not at all) not far; weather was(not at all) not hot; He(long away) not calm; They are(not at all) not guilty; They live(at all) not rich; Confess your mistake(at all) not humiliating; left, but(not at all) not for long; May be,(at all) and it's not bad that he didn't get there; Understand these rules(not at all) not easy.

With the possibility of substitution of words emphasizing the statement ( very, enough and etc.), not spelled as follows, for example: way there(very) narrow-minded; They live(quite) not rich; weather was(enough) not hot; He(very) restless; They are(obviously) innocent; left, but(very) briefly; May be,(very) and it’s good that he didn’t get there; Understand these rules(quite) not easy.

Unlike participles, with any dependent words (except for words that reinforce negation), the spelling of such adjectives with not remains merged, for example: a role unusual for her, a person unknown to me, previously unknown poems, a boy unlike his sister, not prone to boasting, in places inaccessible to children, the island has long been uninhabited.

Thus, the writer must be aware of what he wants to express: the negation of the sign - and then write not apart from the next word(for example: he is not healthy, not important, not rare, not accidental, not significant, not surprising, not democratically) or assertion of the sign - and then write not merged (compare: he is unhealthy, cases are not uncommon, unimportant, not accidental, unimportant, not surprising, in an undemocratic way). Readers' understanding of what is written will depend on the choice of spelling.

With full forms of participles, negation is not written separately:

but) if they have dependent words , for example: a person who does not shun any means; not knowing what he is doing; not caring about food; friends who have not seen each other for many years; version not supported by facts; a genius not recognized by his contemporaries; object not identified by ground services; not bound by obligations; not obligated to obey; unmoved by her tears; a dress that has not been washed for a long time; unpainted roof since spring;

b) as part of constructions with opposition or constructions that reinforce negation, for example: this is not a finished work, but some kind of sketches; not knowing, but only guessing; not warring, but peacefully neighboring countries; not respected - beloved; by no means calmed, not at all embarrassed, not at all pleased, not noticed by anyone, never discouraged, not loved by anyone.

With full forms of participles, negation is not written together:

but) in the absence of dependent words , for example: unarmed soldiers, unopened letter, unreturned valuables, unemployed pensioners, uncombatants, unopened flower, unrealized advantage, unproved theorem, unfinished novel, unrecognized genius, unidentified object, unclosed door, unwatered plants;

b) as part of constructions emphasizing the statement, for example: extremely undeserved censure, a very thoughtless act, clearly unreasonable demands.