Lynx in the forests near Moscow. Rare animals of the Moscow region. Cyclostomes and bony fishes
home The Red Book of the Moscow Region is official document
, which describes in detail all the rare and endangered animals, plants and mushrooms of the Moscow region. People cut down forests and destroy nature, forgetting about our smaller brothers. Just a little more, and many animals listed in the Red Book of the Moscow Region will disappear from these lands forever. But it’s not too late to come to your senses and try to preserve them. We offer you an overview of the most interesting and remarkable animals listed in the Red Book of the Moscow Region.
Malaya Vechernitsa This creature is a small and little-studied species. It belongs to the order Chiroptera and is a representative of the only flying mammals in the world. Lesser noctule inhabits Her favorite places are Moscow region parks
and forests. It is not by chance that the animals of the Red Book of the Moscow Region are included in it, and the lesser noctule is no exception.
The main threat to the population of this species of chiropteran mammals is the inevitable reduction of their permanent habitats (forests) and the cutting down of hollow trees in order to expand the territories of the Moscow region. The number of this species of chiropteran mammals living in this area is extremely small. Currently, they can only be found in the south of the region.
Common lynx The lynx is perhaps the northernmost representative of the cat family living in the wild. In the Moscow region it can be found in remote and heavily cluttered coniferous forests
. As researchers have found, the common lynx in the Moscow region is directly related to the population dynamics of white hares. This is understandable: white hares are the main food of these cats.
The population of these animals is also affected by the increased reaction load on forests near Moscow and their fragmentation for the purpose of dacha development. The survival of lynxes in this region is becoming increasingly difficult due to the decline in the number of ungulates, which are a minor source of their food. One cannot fail to note the constant poaching.
In the Moscow region they inhabit sparsely populated places in remote and vast forests. They go to their dens no earlier than December, and wake up in March-April. generally prefer a sedentary lifestyle, i.e. live in the same forest, pine forest. The living conditions of these animals are deteriorating due to deforestation for summer cottages on the periphery of the region. The increase in off-road transport in the forest zone also plays a significant role.
White stork
Animals in the Red Book of the Moscow Region are not limited to terrestrial fauna. Currently, those whose element is the sky, i.e., are also endangered. birds. The most striking representative of the birds included in this book is, from time immemorial, close proximity to humans, which gave these creatures certain advantages over other large birds. But all good things come to an end.
Unfortunately, various territorial wars and the associated destruction of certain settlements in the central region of the country have hit the population of these birds quite hard. Currently, white storks are animals on the Red Book of the Moscow Region. Hunters and poachers destroy their nests, exterminating both adult birds and their offspring. Fortunately, most of Residents of the Moscow region still treat these beautiful creatures with care and understanding.
Black kite
This is a rare species of birds of prey living in the Moscow region. Until the beginning of the 20th century, the black kite was one of the most popular species of birds of prey in this region, but at the beginning of the last century the number of these creatures began to inevitably decline. And all because of the increasing factor of cutting down trees suitable for nesting, as well as due to a decrease in the amount of the main food of kites - river fish.
Black kites, like white storks, are animals in the Red Book of the Moscow Region. Since 1978 they have been under special protection. Some nesting groups of these birds live in the territories of special reserves of regional significance, for example, in the Shakhovsky, Lukhovitsky and Taldomsky districts of the Moscow region.
Lynx lynx Linnaeus, 1758
Order Carnivora – Carnivora
Cat family – Felidae
Status
Spreading
Forests and mountains of Eurasia, with the exception of Southern Europe (1). IN late XIX- early 20th century the species constantly lived in the northern and eastern Moscow region (2–5), but in the 1990s. was regularly registered only on the territory of the Zavidovo State Complex and in the Shatursky district, occasionally also entering the border Mozhaisky, Shakhovskoy, Lotoshinsky, Taldomsky districts. In the 2000s. the distribution area has expanded somewhat. The species was regularly recorded and apparently reproduced in the west of the Shakhovsky and Mozhaisk districts (6–9), was recorded in Lotoshinsky, Klinsky, Volokolamsky, Taldomsky, Sergiev Posad, in the north and east of Shatursky, northeast of Lukhovitsky (10), in Dmitrovsky, in the west of Odintsovo, in the north of Naro-Fominsk (11) and in Istrinsky (12) districts.
Number and trends of its change
The dynamics of the number of lynx in the Moscow region is apparently related to the dynamics of the number of the white hare and decreases 2–4 years after the decline in the number of the latter. In the mid-1980s, against the background of the maximum population of hare hare, from 26 to 51 lynx were counted (10); following a significant decline in hare numbers in the late 1980s and early 1990s. there was a significant decrease in the number of animals (12 animals in 1994) (11). In 2000–2003 with the increase in the number of hare, the number of lynx increased to approximately 30 individuals (13).
Features of biology and ecology
Prefers dense old-growth forests with big amount dead wood Hunting areas (20–250 km2) are more or less constant, however, with a lack of food, the species is capable of long and extended migrations. The basis of nutrition is the white hare, to a lesser extent - roe deer, young wild boars, grouse birds, and rodents. There are 1–4, more often 2–3 cubs in a litter (14–16).
Limiting factors
Increasing recreational load on forests near Moscow, their fragmentation as a result of intensive dacha development. Decrease in the number of wild ungulates, which makes it difficult for lynxes to survive during periods of low white hare numbers. Poaching, disturbance factor, increase in the number of stray dogs.
Security measures taken
Trade is restricted in accordance with the CITES convention (Annex II). The species is listed in the Red Books of all adjacent regions, except Smolensk and Tver. It has been under special protection in the Moscow region since 1978 (17). The habitats are protected in the Zavidovo State Complex and three regional reserves.
Preventing forest fragmentation in lynx habitats. Preservation of ecological corridors connecting large areas of forests. Hard allocation limit summer cottages in the border areas of the region. Strengthening the fight against poaching.
Need for artificial breeding absent.
Information sources
1. Lynx. Regional features..., 2003;2. Heptner, Sludsky, 1972; 3. Satunin, 1895; 4. Bekshtrem, 1927; 5. Shibanov, 1927; 6. Podolsky et al., 2000; 7. Ecological framework... 2003; 8. Forests of the axial zones of the Gzhatsk-Mozhaisk ridges, 2004; 9. Verkhneruzsky..., 2005; 10. O.S. Grinchenko, E.O. Ponomareva, N. Butorina; P. Smolyaninov; P. Voevodin, personal. message; 11. Data from S.A. Podolsky; 12. Karaseva et al., 1999; 13. State of hunting resources..., 2004; 14. Matyushkin, 1974; 15. Zheltukhin, 2003; 16. Flint et al., 1970; 17. Decision of the executive committees..., 1978.
Compiled by
S.A. Podolsky, V.A. Zubakin
What we have, we don’t keep; when we lose it, we cry, but as a rule, we quickly and successfully forget about the existence of those who once inhabited our small homeland animals and birds, not to mention such little things as insects or plants. The list of lost and almost lost items is below.
Brown bear
It’s hard to believe that the brown bear so familiar to us from Russian fairy tales is now in danger of extinction. So why is he disappearing? There are many reasons for this: disturbance during the lingonberry and cranberry harvest season, dacha construction, transport on forest roads, accidental shooting. What to do? Preserve forests, create nature reserves, and introduce a ban on hunting other species of animals in bear habitats.
Where it lives: Mozhaisky, Shakhovskoy, Taldomsky, Klinsky, Dmitrovsky districts
Russian muskrat
The Russian muskrat lives in the Shatursky district of the Moscow region and is also endangered. The reason for this is pollution of rivers and other bodies of water, poaching, the use of vents, winter water rises, early floods, lack of vegetation along the banks of reservoirs, and severe droughts. Methods of struggle - protection of reservoirs, fight against poaching with nets, tops, vents and the destruction of fish by electric current.
Hazel Dormouse
A funny animal, known to us from the fairy tale “Alice in Wonderland”. In Modmoskovye it still lives in the Tesovsky forest (border of Mozhaisky and Ruzsky districts), Serpukhovsky, Sergiev Posad and Leninsky districts. This is a very rare species, the disappearance of which is greatly affected by the destruction of forests - natural environment a habitat.
Common lynx
Beautiful wild cat, which lives literally nearby - in Shakhovsky, Volokolamsky, Istrinsky, Mozhaysky, Lotoshinsky, Klinsky districts. The lynx still lives in the Taldomsky, Sergiev Posad, Shatursky, Lukhovitsky, Dmitrovsky, Odintsovo and Naro-Fominsk regions. The threat of extinction arose due to a drop in the number of the white hare and wild ungulates (elk, deer, wild boar), as well as poaching.
river otter
Lives in the Lama River in the Volokolamsk region, the Verkhneruzsky reservoir, the Ruza River, the Moscow River (above the Mozhaisk reservoir), the Ozerninsky reservoir and its small rivers, the Vyazemka River in the Odintsovo region, the Protva and Plesenka rivers in the Naro-Fominsk region, the Dubna and Vyulka rivers in Taldomsky district. River otters are a species with rapidly declining numbers, the extinction of which is associated with a decrease in the number of fish, reduced access to water in winter, dacha development, disturbance of coastal vegetation, pollution of water bodies, and, of course, poaching.
Prevention measures will include maintaining the operation of four reserves in the Volokolamsk, Istra, Shatursky and Taldomsky districts, a ban on construction in the floodplains of small rivers, combating poaching, limiting the number of beaches, and a ban on the use of jet skis and motor boats in habitats.
The list continues...
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COMMON LYNX
Lynx lynx Linnaeus, 1758 [ Felis lynx L.]
Order Carnivora – Carnivora
Cat family – Felidae
Spreading
Forests and mountains of Eurasia, with the exception of Southern Europe (1). At the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th centuries. the species constantly lived in the northern and eastern Moscow region (2–5), but in the 1990s. was regularly registered only on the territory of the Zavidovo State Complex and in the Shatursky district, occasionally also entering the border Mozhaisky, Shakhovskoy, Lotoshinsky, Taldomsky districts. In the 2000s. the distribution area has expanded somewhat. The species was regularly recorded and apparently reproduced in the west of the Shakhovsky and Mozhaisk districts (6–9), was recorded in Lotoshinsky, Klinsky, Volokolamsky, Taldomsky, Sergiev Posad, in the north and east of Shatursky, northeast of Lukhovitsky (10), in Dmitrovsky, in the west of Odintsovo, in the north of Naro-Fominsk (11) and in Istrinsky (12) districts.
Number and trends of its change
The dynamics of the number of lynx in the Moscow region is apparently related to the dynamics of the number of the white hare and decreases 2–4 years after the decline in the number of the latter. In the mid-1980s, against the background of the maximum population of hare hare, from 26 to 51 lynx were counted (10); following a significant decline in hare numbers in the late 1980s and early 1990s. there was a significant decrease in the number of animals (12 animals in 1994) (11). In 2000–2003 with the increase in the number of hare, the number of lynx increased to approximately 30 individuals (13).
Features of biology and ecology
Prefers dense old-growth forests with plenty of dead wood. Hunting areas (20–250 km 2 ) are more or less constant, however, with a lack of food, the species is capable of long and extended migrations. The basis of nutrition is the white hare, to a lesser extent - roe deer, young wild boars, grouse birds, and rodents. There are 1–4, more often 2–3 cubs in a litter (14–16).
Limiting factors
Increasing recreational load on forests near Moscow, their fragmentation as a result of intensive dacha development. Decrease in the number of wild ungulates, which makes it difficult for lynxes to survive during periods of low white hare numbers. Poaching, disturbance factor, increase in the number of stray dogs.
Security measures taken
Trade is restricted in accordance with the CITES convention (Annex II). The species is listed in the Red Books of all adjacent regions, except Smolensk and Tver. It has been under special protection in the Moscow region since 1978 (17). The habitats are protected in the Zavidovo State Complex and three regional reserves.
Preventing forest fragmentation in lynx habitats. Preservation of ecological corridors connecting large areas of forests. Strict restrictions on the allocation of summer cottages in the border areas of the region. Strengthening the fight against poaching.
The Moscow region is the most urbanized area of our country, but at the same time, despite its high population, it retains significant territories wildlife almost untouched by human hands and is distinguished by the diversity of its fauna.
The fauna of the Moscow region is of a transitional nature, as in the north-west of the region there are typical taiga animals, such as the flying squirrel and brown bear, and in the south - typical inhabitants of the steppes, such as the gray hamster and jerboa.
Currently, the fauna of the Moscow region includes 75 species of mammals, 301 species of birds, 11 species of amphibians, 6 species of reptiles and 50 species of fish.
Mammals
The region is home to 75 species of mammals from 6 orders and 21 families, of which 27 species from the order Rodents, 16 species from the order Carnivora, 13 species from the order Chiroptera, 11 species from the order Insectivores, 6 species from the order Artiodactyls and 2 species from the order Lagomorpha.
The fox is quite curious and will not ignore unfamiliar places and objects.
Squad: Carnivores
Brown bear
(lat. Ursus arctos) - a species of animal from the order Carnivora, family Bear, genus Bear. It is found in the west and northeast of the region in dense forests with windbreaks, dense undergrowth and tall grass. Rare, there are only 10-20 individuals in the Moscow region. .
Wolf
(lat. Canis lupus) - a representative of the Canidae family, genus Wolves. It lives in a wide variety of landscapes, preferring open ones: steppes, forest-steppes, cleared areas, and, if possible, avoiding continuous forest areas.
Common lynx
(lat. Lynx lynx) is a mammal from the Feline family. It is found in the east of the region in the Shatursky district. Prefers large forested areas, dense deciduous forests with dense undergrowth, providing plenty of shelter. Rare, in the Moscow region there are only 20-30 individuals. The species is listed in the Red Book of the Moscow Region in the category “Endangered”.
Raccoon dog
(lat. Nyctereutes procyonoides) - a representative of the Canidae family, genus Raccoon dogs, a deliberately introduced and self-dispersing species. The most preferred habitat for the raccoon dog is the banks and floodplains of rivers overgrown with bushes, as well as low-lying meadows with wetlands.
Raccoon dog was brought to the Moscow region from the Far East in 1920-1930 to enrich the hunting fauna, here it successfully took root and settled.
Domestic feral dog
(lat. Canis lupus familiaris) - a representative of the Canidae family, the genus Wolves, subspecies of the Wolf. Inhabits a wide variety of landscapes, preferring open ones.
Feral dogs are found everywhere in the Moscow region, for example, in the Losiny Ostrov park there are several packs of feral dogs of 10-15 individuals who hunt there not only small animals - squirrels, stoats, ferrets; on birds, and also destroy their nests, but also on large animals such as deer and wild boars. It is believed that over the past ten years, feral dogs have completely destroyed the sika deer in this park.
May pose a danger to humans and domestic ungulates. Hybrids of feral dogs and wolves are especially dangerous.
Badger
(lat. Meles meles) - a mammal from the Mustelidae family, genus Badgers. Distributed sporadically throughout the Moscow region, in forests of all types, less often in open spaces in bushes that provide plenty of shelter. To dig holes, it often chooses places with soft soil and natural uneven terrain: ravines, gullies, steep banks of reservoirs. Rare, however, in the Moscow region it is a species of game animal for which hunting is permitted.
Common fox
(lat. Vulpes vulpes) - carnivorous mammal family Canidae. In the Moscow region it is found everywhere in sparse forests, in bushes, often within the city - in parks, forest belts, on the outskirts of populated areas.
River otter
(lat. Lutra lutra) is the largest representative of the Kunya family in the Moscow region. Sporadic and rare. Lives along the banks forest rivers littered with windbreaks, less often - in lakes and ponds with areas that do not freeze in winter. .
Steppe ferret
(lat. Mustela eversmanni) - a representative of the Mustela family, the genus Ferrets. It is found in the south of the region in places with low grass and compacted soil.
Forest ferret
(lat. Mustela putorius) is a small predatory mammal of the Mustela family. In the Moscow region it is found everywhere in small forests and individual groves.
Marten
(lat. Martes martes) - a mammal of the genus Marten, family Mustelidae. It lives in deciduous and mixed forests and can often be found in Moscow parks.
Stone marten
(lat. Martes foina) - a species of animals of the genus Marten, family Mustelidae. It is found in the south of the Moscow region in deciduous and mixed sparse forests, fields, forest edges, and bushes.
American mink
(lat. Neovison vison) - a species of animals of the genus Ferrets, the Mustelidae family, an introduced species. In the Moscow region it lives in forest, less often in forest-steppe natural zones, near flowing reservoirs with littered steep banks.
The American mink was brought to the Moscow region in the 1940s from North America, where it successfully took root, almost completely replacing the European mink.
European mink
(lat. Mustela lutreola) is a small predatory mammal of the Mustela family. It is found in forests of all types, preferring to settle along valleys and banks of remote forest rivers, near forest lakes, and floodplain thickets of bushes and reeds. The species is listed in the Red Book of the Moscow Region in the category “Declining in numbers”.
Ermine
(lat. Mustela erminea) is a mammal from the Mustelidae family, genus Ferrets. The habitat covers forest-steppe, less often forest, natural zones. Settles along river valleys, the banks of streams, lakes, ponds, swamps, on forest edges, in copses, groves and thickets of bushes, often near human habitation, hunting house mice and other synatropic rodents.
Weasel
(lat. Mustela nivalis) - a representative of the Mustelidae family, the genus Ferrets. It lives throughout the region in various natural landscape zones, most often in fields, forest edges, woodlands, bushes, and also near human habitation, hunting house mice and other synatropic rodents.
Order: Artiodactyls
Elk
(lat. Alces alces) - a species of animals from the Deer family, the genus Elk. Distributed sporadically throughout the region, often entering suburban forests; in summer it prefers deciduous forests with tall grass, in winter it prefers young pine and spruce forests with dense undergrowth.
Red deer
(lat. Cervus elaphus) - a representative of the Deer family, the genus True deer, a re-acclimatized species. Settles in forests of all types, preferring light broad-leaved ones, in places with spacious meadows and dense thickets of bushes.
The red deer was re-acclimatized (returned to life in a given territory after extinction) in the 20th century, and now its Siberian subspecies, the maral, predominates in the Moscow region.
Spotted deer
(lat. Cervus nippon) - a representative of the Deer family, the genus True deer, an introduced species. Prefers light broad-leaved forests in river valleys, places with spacious meadows and dense thickets of bushes.
Sika deer were brought to the Moscow region from the Far East in 1938, where they successfully took root and multiplied.
Siberian roe deer
(lat. Capreolus pygargus) is a cloven-hoofed mammal of the Deer family, an introduced species. It lives in the forest-steppe zone, preferring open places: meadows, floodplains, clearings, clearings, with thickets of bushes, tall, thick grass.
Several individuals of the Siberian roe deer were brought to the Moscow region from Siberia in the 1950s and 60s, where they successfully took root and reproduced.
European roe deer
(lat. Capreolus capreolus) is a species of animal from the Deer family, the genus Roe deer. It lives in forest, less often in forest-steppe natural zones, preferring sparse deciduous forests and bushes.
Boar
(lat. Sus scrofa) - a representative of the Pig family, the genus Boars. In the Moscow region it is found in humid deciduous forests with high grass, in swampy areas overgrown with reeds, in thickets of bushes.
Order: Insectivores
Common mole
(lat. Talpa europaea) - a representative of the Mole family, genus Common moles. Distributed throughout the region, prefers sparse deciduous forests, copses, forest edges with dense herbs, meadows, fields, gardens, vegetable gardens and other biotopes with moderately moist loose soils.
Common Hedgehog and Southern Hedgehog
Insectivorous mammals from the Hedgehog family, genus Eurasian hedgehogs. Morphologically similar. The first is distributed sporadically throughout the region in various natural landscape complexes, more often in sparse deciduous and mixed forests, copses, woodlands, bush thickets, on the edges, the second is found in the south of the region, common in the Istra region.
Russian muskrat
(lat. Desmana moschata) is a small insectivore of the Mole family. It is found in the southeast of the region along floodplain reservoirs, high steep banks overgrown with aquatic vegetation. The species is listed in the Red Book of the Moscow Region in the category “Endangered”.
Common shrew
(lat. Sorex araneus) is a mammal of the Shrew genus, the most common representative of the Shrew family. The most preferred habitat for the common shrew are sparse forests, copses, thickets of bushes, thickets of tall grass, and forest edges.
In addition to the common shrew, the territory of the Moscow region is inhabited by the following types and subspecies of the shrew family: the tiny Central Russian shrew, the small shrew, the European equal-toothed shrew, the average European shrew - from the genus Shrews; small shrew - from the genus Shrew; common shrew - from the genus Kutora. The tiny shrew, equal-toothed shrew and small shrew are listed in the Red Book of the Moscow Region.
Order: Chiroptera
Two-tone leather
(lat. Vespertilio murinus) - a species of animals of the genus Bicolor Leatherworts. It lives in various open areas: on the outskirts of forests, on forest edges, along the banks of rivers and lakes, on agricultural lands.
Long-eared bat brown
(lat. Plecotus auritus) is a small mammal from the genus Ushana. It lives in various open areas: on the outskirts of forests, on forest edges, along the banks of rivers and lakes, on agricultural lands.
Water bat
(lat. Myotis daubentonii) is a species of animal from the family Smooth-nosed bats, genus Noctules. It lives in forest stands near watercourses, such as lowland rivers and canals, hunting for insects at dusk above the water.
In addition to the water bat, the following species of smooth-nosed bats from the genus Nochnitsa live on the territory of the Moscow region: Brandt's bat, Natterer's bat, pond bat, and mustachioed bat. The Natterer's bat and the pond bat are listed in the Red Book of the Moscow Region in the category "Uncertain status".
Northern Kozhanok
(lat. Eptesicus nilssonii) - a representative of the family Smooth-nosed bats, genus Kozhany. Inhabits the outskirts of forests, forest edges, along the banks of rivers and lakes, small agricultural lands, and gardens. The species is listed in the Red Book of the Moscow Region in the category “Uncertain status”.
Red Vegetarian
(lat. Nyctalus noctula) is a small mammal from the genus Vechernitsa. Inhabits deciduous and mixed forests.
In addition to the rufous noctule, the following species of smooth-nosed bats from the genus Vechernitsa live in the Moscow region: giant noctule and lesser noctule. Both species are listed in the Red Book of the Moscow Region in the categories “Rare” and “Uncertain status”, respectively..
Dwarf pipistrelle
(lat. Pipistrellus pipistrellus) - a small bat from the genus Nedopyri. Prefers anthropogenic landscapes - parks, forest belts, rural settlements.
In addition to the dwarf pipistrelle, the morphologically similar forest pipistrelle (lat. Pipistrellus nathusii) lives on the territory of the Moscow region. Found in deciduous and mixed forests.
Order: Lagomorpha
White hare
(lat. Lepus timidus) is a species of mammal from the genus Hares. Its subspecies, the Central Russian hare, lives in the Moscow region. Prefers open forests, overgrown burnt areas and clearings, thickets of bushes; in the forest-steppe it is found in birch groves, thickets of bushes, reeds and tall dense grass.
Brown hare
(lat. Lepus europaeus) is a species of animal of the Leporidae family, order Lagomorpha. Its subspecies, the Central Russian hare, lives in the Moscow region. Lives everywhere in open spaces: clearings, burnt areas, edges, meadows, clearings.
Order: Rodents
Common beaver, or river beaver
(lat. Castor fiber) - a representative of the Beaver family, the genus Beavers, a re-acclimatized species. The most preferred habitat for this species is deciduous forests. Settle along the banks of slow-flowing rivers, oxbow lakes and lakes.
The river beaver in the Moscow region was completely exterminated in the 17th and 18th centuries. Its re-acclimatization began in the 40s of the last century, when several dozen individuals were brought to the Moscow region from Belarus to their former habitats, where they successfully took root and settled.
Common squirrel
(lat. Sciurus vulgaris) is a species of animal from the Squirrel family, genus Squirrel. Its subspecies, the Central Russian squirrel, lives in the Moscow region. Distributed throughout the region, prefers pine, spruce and mixed forests.
Common flying squirrel
(lat. Pteromys volans) - a mammal of the genus Eurasian flying squirrels, family Squirrel. It lives in the north-west of the region in deciduous, less often in mixed forests, preferring tall birch and aspen forests. The species is listed in the Red Book of the Moscow Region in the category “Endangered”.
The pine and mixed plantings near Zvenigorod are home to a fairly large population of flying squirrels of the northern subspecies that escaped from the enclosure of the Zvenigorod biological station.
Speckled gopher
(lat. Spermophilus suslicus) is a species of animal from the Squirrel family, genus Gophers. It lives in the south of the region, on the flat landscapes of the Oka right bank. The species is listed in the Red Book of the Moscow Region in the category “Endangered”.
Sonya the Regiment
(lat.Glis glis) - arboreal rodent, the most close-up view family Sonyaceae. It lives in the south of the region on the right bank of the Oka in deciduous forests with a dense undergrowth of berry bushes. The species is listed in the Red Book of the Moscow Region in the “Rare” category.
In addition to the dormouse, the following species from the Sonyaceae family live in the Moscow region: forest dormouse, hazel dormouse, and garden dormouse. The hazel dormouse is listed in the Red Book of the Moscow Region in the category “Uncertain status”.
Great jerboa, or ground hare
(lat. Allactaga major) is a small mammal of the Jerboa family. It is found in the extreme south of the region, preferring open areas with sparse grass in the steppe and southern part of the forest-steppe natural zones. The species is listed in the Red Book of the Moscow Region in the category “Endangered”.
Muskrat
(lat. Ondatra zibethicus) is a medium-sized semi-aquatic rodent from the Hamster family. The muskrat leads a semi-aquatic lifestyle, settling along the banks of rivers, lakes, canals and especially readily near freshwater swamps.
The homeland of the muskrat is North America; the muskrat has been acclimatized in the Moscow region since 1929, here it has successfully taken root and settled.
Gray rat
(lat. Rattus norvegicus) - a representative of the Mouse family, the genus Rats. In nature, it lives along the banks of various bodies of water, however, most now prefer to settle where there are people nearby - in gardens, fields, garbage dumps, in human dwellings.
The black rat (lat. Rattus rattus) also lives on the territory of the Moscow region.
The primary range of the gray rat was in East Asia; currently the species is found on all continents of the world except Antarctica, polar and subpolar regions.
Common hamster
(lat. Cricetus cricetus) is a species of animal from the Hamster family, the genus True hamsters, the largest representative of the Hamster subfamily. It lives in forest and steppe natural zones, preferring forest-steppe, settling in fields, meadows, forest edges, and bushes.
The gray hamster (lat. Cricetulus migratorius) from the subfamily Hamsters.
Water vole
(lat. Arvicola terrestris) - a representative of the Hamster family. Outwardly, for non-specialists, it resembles a rat, for which it is called a “water rat.” It is found along rivers, streams and in swamps, less often in meadows and fields, and is less common in wooded areas.
Common vole
(lat. Microtus arvalis) - a species of animals of the genus Gray voles, family Hamsters. It lives everywhere in the region in open areas with thick grass cover.
In addition to the common vole, the territory of the Moscow region is inhabited by several more closely related species of the Hamster family: the Eastern European vole, the subterranean vole, the red vole, the dark vole, and the root vole. The underground vole is listed in the Red Book of the Moscow Region in the category “Uncertain status”.
Field mouse
(lat. Apodemus agrarius) - small rodent family Mouse. It lives in open biotopes - meadows, forest edges, bush thickets, and agricultural lands.
In addition to the field mouse, the following species of rodents of the Mouse family live on the territory of the Moscow region: house mouse, yellow-throated mouse, small forest mouse, little mouse. The yellow-necked mouse is listed in the Red Book of the Moscow Region in the category “Uncertain status”.
Wood mouse
(lat. Sicista betulina) is a species of animal from the Mouse family, the genus Mouse. Inhabits forest and forest-steppe natural zones. Settles in forests of all types, forests and thickets of bushes.
Birds
The lifestyle, habits and biological features of birds in the Moscow region have been well studied for a long time. A curious and patient Internet user will find many popular science and narrowly focused publications on this topic, so here we will not talk about birds “in general,” but will only provide lists.
The common kingfisher lives near small rivers hunting small fish and aquatic invertebrates.
In total, 301 species of birds are found in the Moscow region.
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Reptiles and amphibians
The reptile fauna is represented by six species - snakes: common snake, common viper, copperhead; lizards: brittle spindle, quick lizard, viviparous lizard. All listed species, except the viviparous lizard, are listed in the Red Book of the Moscow Region.
The common snake is one of the most common species of snakes in central Russia.
Among amphibians, the common newt and crested newt, from the order Caudate amphibians, live in the region; lake frog, grass frog, sharp-faced frog, pond frog, edible frog, gray toad, green toad, common spadefoot, red-bellied toad - from the order Tailless. The crested newt, red-bellied toad, common spadefoot, and green toad are listed in the Red Book of the Moscow Region.
Fish
The ichthyofauna of the Moscow region is represented by 50 species of fish and one species of cyclostomes from 17 families, which differ in their habitat - river fish: char, dace, nine-spined stickleback, bream, brook lamprey, burbot, whitefin gudgeon, common gudgeon, common sculpin, sterlet, pike perch, river eel, spined loach, ide; lake and river fish: white amur, black amur, white-eye, bersh, or Volga pike perch, common bystryanka, round goby, tsutsik goby, common verkhovka, loach, gambusia, chub, common minnow, common bitterling, guppy, silver bream, ruff , asp, rudd, or sorog, perch, peled, or cheese, common roach, common podust, ripus, sleeper, or firebrand, carp, or common carp, bluefish, smelt, catfish, silver carp, bleak, rainbow trout, European grayling , saberfish, pike; lake fish: golden crucian carp, silver crucian carp, tench.
Common pike perch is a valuable commercial fish of the perch family.
White-eye, bersh, bystryanka, brook lamprey, common sculpin, podust, blue bream, catfish, sterlet, European grayling, saberfish are listed in the Red Book of the Moscow Region.
Insects
A large group of invertebrate animals - insects - has not yet been fully studied in the Moscow region. Every year, entomologists discover dozens of species new to the Moscow region. Even a child knows the names of some species of insects living in the Moscow region, but at the same time, many species are very rare and are known only from isolated finds.
The biological diversity of species living in the Moscow region is quite large, these are butterflies, fleas, stoneflies, lice, beetles, lacewings, bedbugs, mosquitoes, grasshoppers, mole crickets, midges, ants, flies, ichneumon wasps, wasps, mayflies, bees, caddis flies, locusts, crickets, sialiids, dragonflies, cockroaches, thrips, aphids, earwigs, scale insects, silverfish, etc.
There are 60 species of dragonflies found in the Moscow region.
Total number It is difficult to name the species of insects in the region, it is estimated at 15-20 thousand, of which 2,500 species are from the order Coleoptera, or beetles, 620 species from the order Lepidoptera, or butterflies, 74 species of bees and 41 species of ants, from the order Hymenoptera, 60 species from the order dragonflies, 45 species from the order Orthoptera (grasshoppers, locusts, crickets), 4 species of cockroaches from the order Cockroaches, etc.
Extinct or extinct animals
Completely extinct or disappeared from the territory of the modern Moscow region, animals that lived here (in relation to birds - stopped nesting) in the Quaternary period (during the Pleistocene and Holocene eras).
Mammals
The following representatives of the modern mammal fauna have disappeared from the territory of the Moscow region (within its current borders) (habitat is established based on historical data and fossil remains): wolverine (lat. Gulo gulo), arctic fox (lat. Vulpes lagopus), reindeer(lat. Rangifer tarandus), Noble deer (lat. Cervus elaphus), musk ox, or musk ox (lat. Ovibos moschatus), European bison(lat. Bison bonasus), steppe marmot (lat. Marmota bobak), hoofed lemming(lat. Dicrostonyx torquatus), Siberian lemming(lat. Lemmus cf. sibiricus), narrow-skulled vole(lat. Microtus gregalis).
As a result of human economic activity and intensive hunting in the historical period, the following became extinct: the steppe tarpan (lat. Equus caballus gmelini), the tour (lat. Bos taurus primigenius).
In the prehistoric period, the following became extinct: the cave hyena (lat. Crocuta crocuta spelaea), the cave lion (lat. Panthera leo spelaea), woolly mammoth (lat. Mammuthus primigenius), steppe mammoth, or Khazar elephant (lat. Mammuthus trogontherii), woolly rhinoceros(lat. Coelodonta antiquitatis), big horned deer(lat. Megaloceros giganteus), northern saiga (lat. Saiga borealis), primitive bison(lat. Bison priscus), broad-toed horse(lat. Equus caballus latipes).
Birds
Over the last millennium (from the 11th century AD to the 1950s inclusive), the following bird species stopped nesting on the territory of the modern Moscow region: black-throated loon(lat. Gavia arctica), black stork (lat. Ciconia nigra), greylag goose (lat. Anser anser), short-tailed snake eagle (Circaetus gallicus), saker falcon (lat. Falco cherrug), garnish (lat. Lymnocryptes minimus), kuksha (lat. . Perisoreus infaustus), aquatic warbler(lat. Acrocephalus paludicola).
Cyclostomes and bony fishes
During the approximate period from the 500s to the 1950s AD, ten representatives of the modern ichthyofauna disappeared as a result of hydraulic engineering and intensive fishing. These are mainly migratory species that rise to spawn from the Caspian Sea: Caspian lamprey(lat. Caspiomyzon wagneri), stellate sturgeon (lat. Acipenser stellatus), beluga (lat. Huso huso), Russian sturgeon (lat. Acipenser gueldenstaedtii), Kessler herring (lat. Alosa kessleri), white fish, or nelma (lat. Stenodus leucichthys ), Caspian salmon, or Caspian trout (lat. Salmo trutta caspius), kutum (lat. Rutilus frisii kutum); and residential freshwater populations: brook trout (lat. Salmo trutta trutta), common taimen(lat. Hucho taimen).