Recommendations of the International Civil Aviation Organization. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). What does ICAO do?

home

ICAGO CONVENTION

1. The Chicago Convention came into force in April 1947, when 30 states from the 52 members of the Chicago Conference ratified this agreement and sent documents to the United States, where the ratified documents of all ICAO member countries are kept. The Chicago Convention includes:Preamble

2. . Introductory part of the agreement. Part I"International navigation"

3. . The general principles of application of the convention are outlined. Contains provisions regulating air navigation during regular and non-scheduled air traffic, and requirements for aircraft. Part II"International Civil Aviation Organization"

4. - ICAO Charter. Part III"International air transport"

5. . The issues of international air transportation standards are outlined.Conclusion

. Contains provisions on the procedure for registration with ICAO, international agreements on air services and the procedure for their conclusion between states. Questions about the resolution of disputes arising between states, the procedure for adopting annexes to the Chicago Convention, introducing amendments and additions to it. ICAO adopts a large number of legal acts that unify flight rules, requirements for aviation personnel, and airworthiness standards aircraft . These documents contain different rules

and have appropriate names: “Standards”, “Recommended Practices”, “Procedures”.Standard

- any requirement for physical characteristics, configuration, materiel, flight performance, personnel and rules, the uniform application of which is recognized as necessary to ensure the safety and regularity of international air traffic, and its compliance is mandatory for all ICAO Member States. Recommended Practice

- the same requirements as in the concept of “Standard”, but their uniform application is recognized as desirable and to which ICAO member states will strive to comply.

The implementation of Standards and Recommendations is labor-intensive and expensive. To simplify the solution of this problem, international Standards and Recommendations are drawn up in the form of Annexes to the Chicago Convention (annexes - from the English word Annex).

ANNEXES TO THE CHICAGO CONVENTION

There are currently 18 annexes to the Chicago Convention:

1. "Requirements for civil aviation personnel when issuing certificates" . Determines the qualification requirements necessary to obtain certificates for aircraft crew members and ground personnel, and also establishes medical requirements for obtaining these certificates (ship commander - up to 60 years of age, navigator - without restrictions).

2. "Flight Rules" . defines general flight rules in order to ensure their safety, visual flight rules (VFR), instrument flight rules (IFR).

3. "Meteorological support for international air navigation." Determines the requirements for meteorological services for international air navigation and the bodies providing this service.

4. "Aeronautical charts" . Defines the requirements for aeronautical charts necessary for international aircraft flights.

5. "Units of measurement to be used in air and ground operations" . Defines the dimension of units used for two-way communications between aircraft and the ground. This appendix provides a table of units of measurement (3 systems) used by ICAO.

6. "Aircraft Operation" . Determined minimum requirements to perform flights during regular and non-scheduled international air traffic, as well as to perform any general aviation flights (with the exception of performing special aviation work), the duties of the aircraft commander.

- Part I "International commercial air transport".

- Part II. "International aviation general purpose".

- Part III. "International helicopter flights".

7. "State and registration marks of aircraft" . Minimum marking requirements are determined to indicate ownership and registration marks of aircraft, as well as the procedure for registration and issuance of certificates for aircraft.

8. "Aircraft Airworthiness" . Defines the minimum level of aircraft airworthiness that is necessary for ICAO member states to recognize the airworthiness certificates of other states whose aircraft operate over the territory of these states or over their territorial waters.

9. "Simplification of formalities for international air transport" . Determines requirements for simplification of passport - visa and sanitary - quarantine control, customs formalities, formalities for entry, exit and transit of passengers, as well as registration of the procedure for the arrival and departure of aircraft.

10. "Aviation telecommunications" . Determines the requirements for landing and en route radio navigation aids, and also considers communication systems and the procedure for using radio frequencies.

- Volume I. "Means of communication":

A ) Part 1. "Equipment and systems".

b ) Part 2. "Radio Frequency Allocation".

- Volume II. "Communication Procedures".

11. "Air Traffic Services" . Defines general requirements for air traffic services, types of air traffic services, requirements for dispatch and flight information services for air traffic, emergency notification, division airspace upstream and downstream, the need for communication means and channels, the volume of meteorological information, the order of designating air routes, entry and exit routes (SID and STAR).

12. "Search and Rescue" . Establishes the principles for the creation and operation of search and rescue services of a Contracting State, as well as the organization of interaction with similar services of neighboring states, procedures and signals, paperwork, rights and obligations of officials when conducting a search.

13. "Air Accident Investigation" . Establishes general principles for the investigation of aviation accidents, the responsibilities and obligations of states in relation to conducting investigations and providing information about aviation accidents, the composition of commissions, their powers, and the procedure for drawing up investigation reports.

14. "Aerodromes". Contains Standards and Recommendations defining the requirements for the physical characteristics of aerodromes and the equipment that must be provided at aerodromes used for international air traffic.

15. "Aeronautical Information Services" . Defines general requirements for aeronautical information, forms of its presentation (such as AIP - AIP Airnoutical Information Publication, NOTAMs and circulars) and the functions of the bodies providing it.

16. "Environmental Protection" :

- Volume I. "Aircraft noise". General requirements are established for the maximum permissible level of aircraft noise during noise certification of aircraft, conditions for issuing airworthiness certificates, and operational methods for noise reduction are outlined.

- Volume II. "Emission aircraft engines" . Standards and requirements are established for aviation fuel issues when certifying aircraft engines for CO emissions and other necessary technical conditions.

17. "Protection of International Civil Aviation from Acts of Unlawful Invasion" . Establishes Standards and Recommendations regarding administrative and organizational measures to suppress acts of unlawful entry.

18. "Safe transport of dangerous goods by air" . The classification of dangerous goods is given. Restrictions are established on the transportation of dangerous goods by air, requirements for their packaging and labeling, and the responsibilities of the shipper and carrier.

AIR NAVIGATION SERVICE DOCUMENTS

In addition to the Annexes to the Chicago Convention, the ICAO Council adopts the Procedures of Air Navigation Services (PANS - Procedures of Air Navigation Service - PANS). They contain a lot of material that has not received the status of a Standard or Recommendation, or the Procedures are subject to frequent changes. Therefore, applying to them the procedure established for the adoption of Annexes is considered too difficult. These procedures, intended to be applied on a “worldwide” basis, are approved by the ICAO Council and circulated to ICAO Member States as Recommendations.

There are currently 4 PANS documents:

1. Doc. 4444. "Rules of flight and air traffic services" . The recommendations of this document complement the requirements of Annexes 2 and 11. They establish the responsibilities for air traffic services, the procedures to be applied by the control unit in the control area, on approach and in the terminal area, as well as procedures relating to the coordination of activities within air traffic services units and between them.

2. Doc. 8168. "Aircraft flight operations" :

- Volume 1. "Flight Operations Rules". Determines landing approach procedures and patterns, rules for setting altimeters, and other stages of flights.

- Volume 2. "Construction of visual flight schemes and instrument flights". Given detailed description critical areas and obstacle clearance requirements in aerodrome areas.

3. Doc. 8400. "ICAO Abbreviations and Codes" . The material in this document is intended for use in international aeronautical communications and aeronautical information documents.

4. Doc. 7030. "Additional regional rules" . The materials in this document are intended for everyone air navigation regions. They are used when drawing up instructions for flight operations at airfields or along a particular route in a certain region. The document contains procedures to facilitate flights across the Atlantic, Pacific and other regions Globe.

The ICAO Council divided the entire territory of the globe into 9 air navigation regions:

1. Africa and Indian Ocean (AIF).

2. Southeast Asia (SEA).

3. European (EUR).

4. North Atlantic (NAT).

5. North American (NAM).

6. South African (SAM).

7. Caribbean Sea (CAR).

8. Near and Middle East (MID).

9. Pacific (PAC).

In many cases, PANS documents are more suitable and applicable than the Standards and Recommended Practices contained in the Appendices.

TECHNICAL MANUAL

ICAO Operational and Technical Manuals explain ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices and PANS documents and facilitate their practical application. They can be divided into several groups:

1. Collections of symbols:

- 8643 - aircraft types;

- 8545 - airlines;

- 7910 - locations.

2. Documents on types and means of service:

- 7101 - catalog of aeronautical maps;

- 7155 - meteorological tables for international air traffic

- 7383 - aeronautical information provided by ICAO member states.

3. Air navigation plans.

4. Manuals for radiotelegraph communications.

For the systematic arrangement of regional territories in terms of air navigation, ICAO Recommendations are combined into Regional Air Navigation Plans:

1. AIF- plan of Africa and the Indian Ocean.

2. EUM- plan for the European-Mediterranean region.

3. MID/SEA- plan for the Middle East and Southeast Asia.

4. NAM/NAT/PAC- plan of North America, North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

5. CAR/SAM- plan of the Caribbean and South America.

If Doc. 7030 Regional Procedures Supplementary (PANS) establishes additional procedures for everyone regions, then air navigation plans concern only one specific region.

A regional air navigation plan may provide for the provision of services beyond the established boundaries of a region if appropriate facilities and services are necessary to meet the requirements of international air navigation within that region.

In addition to these ICAO documents, there are various guidelines on various issues:

- Flight Accident Investigation Manual.

- Search and Rescue Guide.

- ICAO Standard Atmosphere Manual.

- Manuals for meteorological services.

- Aeronautical Information Services Manuals.

- Airport manuals.

- Bird Control Guides.

- Fog Dispersal Guides.

- Guidelines for grounded aircraft.

- Guidelines for airfield markings.

- Helicopter flight manuals.

- Radio operator manuals.

- Manuals for operators of localizer and glide slope radio beacons.

- Operating manuals for ships - ocean stations.

- Guides for calculating and constructing waiting areas and so on.

Once a month in English and once a quarter in Russian, ICAO publishes the ICAO magazine and twice a year, as an appendix to it, a list and tables of current ICAO documents are published indicating the date and number of the last amendment.

International organization civil aviation (ICAO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established to ensure the safe and orderly development of international civil aviation by developing international standards and best practice recommendations and making them available to States. The organization acts as a coordinator international cooperation in all areas related to civil aviation. Currently, 191 states are members of ICAO. The USSR joined ICAO in 1970. The organization's permanent headquarters is located in Montreal, Canada.

History of creation.

The first international conference on civil aviation, convened at the initiative of the French government, held in 1910, did not lead to the adoption of any agreement. Only European governments took part in its work, since transoceanic flight in those years was considered a pipe dream.

Almost a decade passed before the International Convention for the Regulation of Air Navigation was concluded in Paris in 1919, establishing International Commission on Air Navigation under the leadership of the League of Nations. The commission was supposed to meet at least once a year and deal with technical issues. An international committee of lawyers has also been established to resolve complex legal issues relating to cross-border air travel.

In 1928, at a conference held in Havana, the Pan American Convention on Commercial Aviation was adopted to resolve problems arising from the sharp increase in international air travel in the Western Hemisphere.

Although some progress had been made toward agreement on international flight rules by the late 1930s, most countries still provided very few concessions to each other's airlines, and there was no agreement allowing foreign aircraft to pass freely through one country's airspace. routes to another.

The dynamic development of aviation during the Second World War demonstrated the need to create a mechanism for organizing and regulating international flights for peaceful purposes, covering all aspects, including technical, economic and legal issues. Based on these considerations, in early 1944 the United States held preliminary negotiations with its World War II allies, based on which invitations were sent to 55 allied and neutral states to meet in Chicago in November 1944.

In November and December 1944, delegates from 52 countries gathered for International conference civil aviation in Chicago to build a strategy for international cooperation in the field of air navigation in the post-war era. It was at this conference that the charter of the International Civil Aviation Organization, the Chicago Convention, was developed. It stipulates that ICAO will be created after 26 countries ratify the convention. To solve pressing problems of civil aviation, a temporary organization was created, which performed the relevant functions for 20 months, until it was officially opened on April 4, 1947.

Structure.

In accordance with the provisions of the Chicago Convention, the International Civil Aviation Organization consists of an Assembly, a Council with various subordinate bodies and a Secretariat. The main officials are the Chairman of the Council and the Secretary General.

ICAO Headquarters, Montreal, Canada.

Assembly, composed of representatives of all Contracting States, is the sovereign body of ICAO. It meets every three years, analyzes in detail the work of the Organization and sets policies for the coming years. She also adopts the organization's three-year budget.

Advice, the governing body elected by the Assembly for a three-year term, consists of representatives of 36 states. The Assembly elects Council members in three categories: 1) states important to air transport; 2) States that make the greatest contribution to the provision of air navigation services; and 3) states whose appointment will ensure representation of all geographic areas of the world. As the governing body, the Council is responsible for the day-to-day work of ICAO. It is the Council that approves International Standards and Recommended Practices and formalizes them as Annexes to the Convention on International Civil Aviation. The Council is assisted by the Air Navigation Commission ( technical issues), Air Transport Committee (Economic Affairs), Cooperative Air Navigation Services Support Committee and Finance Committee.

Secretariat, headed by Secretary General, consists of five directorates: the Air Navigation Directorate, the Air Transport Directorate, the Technical Cooperation Directorate, the Legal Affairs and External Relations Directorate and the Administrative Directorate.

Goals and objectives.

Article 44 of the Chicago Convention states that the objects of the International Civil Aviation Organization are to provide for the safe and orderly development of international civil aviation, to encourage the art of aircraft design and operation, to encourage the development of air routes, airports and air navigation facilities and to promote aviation safety.

The organization's primary mission is to develop and adopt International Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) and policies in support of safe, efficient, economically sustainable and environmentally responsible civil aviation. SARPs are formalized in the form of annexes to the Chicago Convention. Many of them are reviewed and changed as necessary to keep pace with the latest scientific and technological developments and innovations. Neither the activities of ICAO nor the adoption of SARPs derogates from the sovereignty of participating States. The latter may also adopt more stringent standards.

In addition to its core work, ICAO coordinates the preparation and implementation of numerous aviation development programs in its participating States; develops global plans to guide multilateral strategic progress in air traffic safety; monitors and reports on air transport sector performance indicators; and identifies possible gaps in the areas of civil aviation safety among participating States.

The organization also facilitates the conclusion of regional and international agreements aimed at liberalizing air transport markets, promotes the establishment of legal standards that ensure safety in response to increasing air travel volumes, and encourages the development of other aspects of international air law.

In the economic field, ICAO has no regulatory powers, but one of its statutory objectives is to prevent economic losses caused by unreasonable competition. In addition, in accordance with the convention, member states undertake to provide ICAO with reports and statistics of their international airlines on traffic, expenses and income, indicating the sources of their receipt.

The statutory purpose of the International Civil Aviation Organization is to ensure the safety, regularity and efficiency of international civil aviation. To achieve this goal, States Parties must adhere to International Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs). The Chicago Convention includes 19 annexes in the areas of aircraft operation, rules of the air, aerodrome design, accident investigation, personnel licensing, radio navigation aids, meteorological services, air traffic services, search and rescue and security. environment. The majority of SARPs (17 annexes) fall under the purview of the ICAO Air Navigation Bureau; the remaining two (Annex 9 Facilitation and Annex 17 Security) are the Air Transport Department. They do not have the same legally binding force, as provisions of the Convention, since the annexes are not international treaties subject to ratification. However, ICAO conducts periodic audits and monitors compliance.

Draft SARPs are prepared in consultation with contracting States and interested international organizations, finalized by the ICAO Air Navigation Commission and submitted to a vote by the Council, where a two-thirds majority is required for adoption. Contracting States undertake to adhere to SARPs, but if a State considers it impossible to implement it, it must, in accordance with the provisions of Article 38 of the Convention, inform the International Civil Aviation Organization of any differences between its own practice and the established international standard. Such differences will be detailed in the national Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP) and summarized in an appendix to each annex to the Chicago Convention.

CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION ICAO

ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization - ICAO) - founded in 1944.

At the initiative of the United States, a conference was convened in Chicago in December 1944 ( Chicago Conference), in which 52 states took part, to discuss the problems of international civil aviation. It was agreed to create a new organization that would deal with air navigation issues that would improve flight safety and regularity, as well as economic issues that should improve the efficiency and economy of air travel.

The Chicago conference ended with the signing of the Convention on International Civil Aviation - Chicago Convention, and ICAO was officially created. The city of Montreal (Canada) was chosen as the location of the ICAO headquarters.

In May 1948, an agreement between the UN and ICAO came into force, recognizing ICAO as a specialized agency of the UN.

The USSR did not take part in the Chicago Conference, since it was attended by states with which the USSR was at war.

After the USSR joined ICAO on November 14, 1970, Russian was recognized as the official (fourth) language of this organization.

At a diplomatic conference in Montreal in September 1977, a protocol was adopted on the authentic four-lingual text of the Convention and its official text in Russian.

Thus, the official languages ​​of ICAO are:

1. Russian.

2. English.

3. French.

4. Spanish.

Arabic and Chinese are considered working languages ​​of ICAO. They are used to a limited extent in the work of the ICAO Council and its permanent bodies, at sessions of the Assembly and major specialized conferences and meetings.

As of 1994, ICAO unites 183 states of the world.

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF ICAO

The purposes and objectives of ICAO are to develop principles and methods of international air navigation and to promote the planning and development of international air transport in order to:

1. Ensuring the safe and orderly development of international civil aviation throughout the world.

2. Encouraging the art of aircraft design and operation.

3. Encouraging the development of air routes, airports and air navigation facilities for international civil aviation.

4. Meeting the needs of the world's people for safe, regular, efficient and economical air transport.

5. Preventing economic losses caused by unreasonable competition.

6. Ensuring full respect for the rights of Contracting States and a fair opportunity for each Contracting State to use airlines engaged in international air services.

7. Elimination of cases of discrimination in relations between Contracting States.

8. Ensuring flight safety in international air navigation.

9. Promoting the development of international civil aeronautics in all its aspects.

MEMBERSHIP OF ICAO

Any UN member state that was a member of the UN during the Second World War Anti-Hitler coalition, and neutral countries become members of ICAO on the 30th day after joining the Chicago Convention.

States that participated in World War II on the side of Hitler's Germany may accede to the convention subject to the following conditions:

1. With the consent of the UN.

2. By special permission of the ICAO Assembly, the adoption of which requires 4/5 votes.

3. In the absence of objection from any State that was annulled or attacked during the Second World War by the troops of a State wishing to become a member of ICAO.

A state ceases to be a member of ICAO if it declares its denunciation of the Chicago Convention. The denunciation takes effect one year after ICAO receives the notification.

If a state is expelled from the UN, it automatically ceases to be a member of ICAO, unless the UN General Assembly in its decision directly speaks of the advisability of maintaining the membership of this state in ICAO.

ICAO ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

The highest body of ICAO, in which they can be represented on equal footing all ICAO member states are Assembly of Member States of ICAO. Convened once every three years. If the need arises, on the recommendation of the ICAO Council, or at the request of at least 1/5 of the organization’s members, emergency sessions of the ICAO Assembly may be convened.

The functions of the Assembly are to determine the direction of ICAO's activities in the field of international air navigation and international air transport:

1. Elect the ICAO Council, consider reports, take appropriate actions.

2. Determine the scale of contributions of ICAO member countries to the organization’s budget.

3. Approve the ICAO budget.

4. Consider and approve proposals to amend the Chicago Convention.

The contribution of ICAO Member States is calculated as follows:

Contribution 100% = K1(75%) + K2(25%),

Where:

K1 = (National income of the state) / (National income of all ICAO countries),

K2 = (International flight hours of the state) / (International flight hours of all ICAO countries).

Min...Max contribution = 0.06%...25% of national income.

ICAO Council- executive agency organization, ensuring the continuity of the organization's activities between sessions of the Assembly. Bears responsibility to the supreme body of ICAO for its activities. Performs the following functions:

1. Implementation of Assembly decisions and reporting on their work.

2. Election of the Secretary General and senior staff.

3. Managing the organization's money.

4. Approval of international standards and recommendations, their inclusion in the annexes to the Convention.

5. Registration of international aviation agreements.

6. Carrying out arbitration functions in regulating disagreements between ICAO member states.

There are seven permanent working bodies under the control of the Council (see ICAO structure diagram).

ICAO Secretariat - a permanent body of the Council, ensuring the work of the assemblies, the Council and other bodies, as well as regional centers of the organization.

Secretary General - the chief executive officer of the organization. Appointed by the Council and heads it.

The Secretariat is in charge of collecting and compiling information on the problems of international civil aviation and maintaining relations with ICAO member states. It carries out these functions through five specialized departments:

1. Air Navigation Directorate - deals with flight safety issues, considers issues related to the development of recommendations and standards for companies.

2. Air Transport Department - deals with issues of ensuring the efficiency of transportation on international air routes.

3. Legal Department - deals with issues related to the development of standards and recommendations in the field of air law, provides consultations on legal interpretation and understanding of the main provisions of the Chicago Convention, and prepares drafts of new decisions.

4. Office of Technical Assistance - develops proposals to provide financial and technical assistance, to create air terminal complexes and equip air routes in hard-to-reach areas and ocean spaces.

5. Administration - deals with personnel issues, translations, registration and distribution of documents.

ICAO Regional Centers established in addition to the headquarters in Montreal for the operational work of ICAO:

1. European region - Paris.

2. North American and Caribbean countries - Mexico City.

3. South American countries - Lima.

4. Pacific Ocean and Asia - Bangkok (Thailand).

5. Middle East and East Africa - Cairo (Egypt).

6. Rest of Africa - Dakkar.

ICAO is a specialized agency of the UN, the protocol of recognition of which was signed on October 1, 1947 and entered into force on May 13, 1948. ICAO is an international governmental organization. Initially, after the signing of the Chicago Convention, there was a Provisional International Civil Aviation Organization (PICAO). After the entry into force of the Chicago Convention on April 4, 1947 at the 1st session Assembly held in Montreal in May 1947, PICAO was renamed ICAO. At the proposal of the Government of Canada, Montreal was chosen as the location of the ICAO Headquarters.

1947

The main objectives of the ICAO, in accordance with the provisions of the Chicago Convention, are issues of global importance for international civil aviation:

• development of principles and methods of international air navigation;
• promoting the planning and development of international air transport in order to ensure the safe and orderly development of international civil aviation;
• encouraging the art of designing and operating aircraft for peaceful purposes;
• encouraging the development of airways, airfields and air navigation facilities for international civil aviation;
• meeting the needs of the peoples of the world for safe, regular, efficient and economical air transport;
• preventing economic losses caused by unreasonable competition;
• ensuring full respect for the rights of states and fair opportunities for each of them to use airlines engaged in international air traffic;
• avoiding discrimination in relations between states;
• ensuring flight safety in international air navigation;
• promoting the development of international civil aeronautics in all its aspects.

The composition and status of ICAO bodies are determined by the provisions of the Chicago Convention, which, in essence, is the ICAO charter. In accordance with the Chicago Convention, the ICAO consists of an Assembly, a Council (with its subordinate bodies) and a Secretariat. The Council and the Secretariat are headed respectively by the President of the Council and the Secretary General, who are the chief officers of the ICAO.

The ICAO Assembly is composed of representatives of all Contracting States and is the sovereign supreme body of ICAO. The Assembly is convened every three years (unless there is a need for an extraordinary convocation). At the Assembly sessions, the work of the ICAO is reviewed in detail, policies are developed for the coming years and the budget for the three-year period of activity is approved by vote. Each Contracting State is entitled to one vote. Decisions of the Assembly are taken by a majority vote (except for cases provided for by the Chicago Convention).

The ICAO Assembly elects the Council, which consists of representatives of 33 Contracting States and is the governing executive body of ICAO, constantly guiding its work between Assemblies. Elections to the ICAO Council are carried out taking into account the rotation requirements provided for by the Chicago Convention and on the basis of adequate representation of three groups of states, namely: those playing a leading role in air transport; not otherwise included in the Council but making the greatest contribution to the provision of services for international civil air navigation; not included in the Council on any other basis, but whose election ensures representation on the ICAO Council of all major geographical regions peace.

The Chicago Convention provides for the cooperation of Contracting States in ensuring the greatest possible degree of uniformity in the adoption of national Aviation Regulations. To achieve this, the ICAO Council is vested with regulatory powers that similar governing bodies in other international organizations do not have.

The ICAO Council elects its President, who has no voting rights and can be re-elected, for a term of three years. The responsibilities of the President are as follows:

• convene meetings of the ICAO Council, Air Transport Committee and Air Navigation Commission;
• act as a representative of the Council; perform on behalf of the Council the functions assigned to him by the Council.

The functions of the ICAO Council include (Article 54 of the Chicago Convention):

• appointment and determination of responsibilities of the Air Transport Committee, which is formed from among representatives of the members of the Council and is responsible to it;
• establishment of the Air Navigation Commission; appointment of the chief executive officer - the Secretary General;
• adoption of SARPs, which are formalized as Annexes to the Chicago Convention;
• consideration of recommendations of the Air Navigation Commission on changing SARPs and taking appropriate measures in this regard, provided for by the Chicago Convention, etc.

The ICAO Council has the power to convene ICAO Assemblies.

Each ICAO Committee or specialized body has a corresponding unit of the ICAO Secretariat, staffed by personnel selected for technical competence in the relevant field. The personnel of the units are called upon to provide technical and administrative assistance to government representatives constituting the ICAO Council, Committees and specialized bodies.

The ICAO Secretariat, headed by the Secretary General, consists of five main divisions: the Air Navigation Bureau, the Air Transport Bureau, the Technical Cooperation Bureau, the Legal Bureau and Administrative Department(Bureau of Administration and Services). The staff of the Secretariat is recruited on a broad geographical basis, ensuring international representation in its activities.

ICAO works closely with other members of the UN community - governmental organizations, which are: World Meteorological Organization, International Telecommunication Union, International Telecommunication Union, Universal Postal Union Union), World organization World Health Organization, International Labor Organization and International Maritime Organization. Non-governmental organizations also take part in events held by ICAO: International Air Transport Association (IATA), Airports Council International (ICA), International Federation the International Federation of Air Line Pilots Associations, the World Tourism Organization and other international organizations.

International Standards (SARPs) are called Chicago Annexes for ease of reference. For the safety and regularity of international air navigation, it is recognized that it is necessary to apply uniformly the requirements included by Contracting States in International Standards. Under Article 38 of the Chicago Convention, in the event of non-compliance with any International Standard, Contracting States are required to notify the ICAO Council of the differences between their national aviation regulations, the practices of that State and the provisions of the International Standard.

Uniform application of the requirements included in Recommended Practices is considered desirable in the interests of the safety, regularity and efficiency of international air navigation. Although the Chicago Convention does not contain any obligations regarding Recommended Practices, the ICAO Council has requested Contracting States to notify differences not only from International Standards, but also from Recommended Practices.

ICAO produces series of technical publications, as well as special publications that are not included in any of the series of technical publications (for example, the ICAO Aeronautical Chart Catalog or Meteorological Tables).

The Procedures of Air Navigation Service (PANS) are approved by the ICAO Council. Intended for worldwide application, they contain operating procedures that have not yet been designated as SARPs, as well as material of a more permanent nature that is considered too detailed to be included in an Annex, or is subject to frequent changes and additions, and for which the process provided for by the Chicago Convention would be too difficult. There are currently four main PANS documents: Doc 4444, Rules of the Air and Air Traffic Services; Doc 8168 Aircraft Operations (Volume 1 Flight Procedures and Volume 2 Construction of Visual and Instrument Flight Procedures); Doc 8400 ICAO Abbreviations and Codes; Doc 7030 Regional Supplementary Rules.

The ICAO Council divided the entire territory of the globe into nine air navigation regions:

• 1. Africa and Indian Ocean (AIF);
• 2. Southeast Asia (SEA);
• 3. European (EUR);
• 4. North Atlantic (NAT);
• 5. North American (NAM);
• 6. South African (SAM);
• 7. Caribbean (CAR);
• 8. Near and Middle East (MID);
• 9. Pacific (PAC).

Supplementary Procedures (SUPPS) have the same status as PANS, but apply only in their respective regions. They are developed in consolidated form, since some of them apply to adjacent regions or are the same in two or more regions.

Technical Manuals, which are prepared under the authority of the ICAO Secretary General, contain guidance and information material that develops and complements the International Standards, Recommended Practices and PANS, and serve to assist in their application.

Air navigation plans are also prepared with the approval of the ICAO Secretary General based on the recommendations of regional air navigation meetings and the decisions of the ICAO Council adopted on them. They specify the requirements for international air navigation facilities and services in the relevant ICAO air navigation regions. Air Navigation Plans are amended periodically to reflect changes in requirements and provisions associated with the implementation of recommended facilities and services.

ICAO Circulars, which are also prepared under the authority of the ICAO Secretary General, contain specific information of interest to Contracting States, including studies on technical issues.

Globally, civil aviation (CA) activities are regulated by international intergovernmental (and non-governmental), universal or regional aviation organizations. Our article describes the most influential of them. The bulk of international aviation organizations were created during the period of rapid development of civil aviation (1944-1962), which was due to the need to standardize and unify rules, documents, procedures, requirements and recommendations in the field of implementation and flight support, as well as the development of unified approaches to flight safety.

Of course, the main such organization is ICAO— International Civil Aviation Organization (International Civil Aviation Organization), whose goal is the development of global civil aviation, the development and implementation of unified rules for the operation and maintenance of flights in order to increase the level of safety and regularity of air transportation. ICAO was created as special institution United Nations on December 7, 1947, based on the provisions of the Chicago Convention, with headquarters in Montreal (Canada). Members of ICAO are states. Structurally, the Organization consists of an Assembly, a Council, an Air Navigation Commission, seven committees and a secretariat. The Assembly is the highest body of ICAO. A regular session of the Assembly meets at least once every three years, and an emergency session can be held if necessary. The permanent body of the ICAO, the Council, headed by the President, consists of representatives of 36 Contracting States, elected by the Assembly every three years.

ICAO's activities are focused on the following main areas: technical (development, implementation and improvement of standards and recommended practices - SARP), economic (study of trends in the development of air transport, on the basis of which recommendations are made on the values ​​of charges for the use of airports and air navigation services, as well as procedures establishing tariffs and simplifying formalities for transportation; providing ongoing technical assistance to developing countries at the expense of developed ones), in legal matters (development of draft new conventions on international air law).

Another example of a universal organization is the International Air Transport Association (IATA, International Air Transport Association), which was created in 1945 and is headquartered in Montreal. Unlike ICAO, IATA members are legal entities— airlines, and the main goals of the organization are the development of safe, regular and economical air transport, as well as ensuring the development of cooperation between airlines. The supreme body is the General Meeting, and the permanent working body is the Executive Committee.

IATA generalizes and disseminates experience in the economic and technical operation of air transport, organizes the coordination of flight schedules between carriers and their work with sales agents, as well as mutual settlements between airlines. Another important function of IATA is conducting an airline safety audit (IOSA, IATA Operational Safety Audit) - a strict check of the carrier’s activities according to 872 parameters, without which the company cannot join either IATA or any of the alliances such as Star Alliance, Skyteam or One World. Obtaining an IOSA certificate increases the status of the airline and expands opportunities for international cooperation.

There are also international organizations that represent and protect the interests of individuals, as well as enhancing their role in the development of a safe and regular system air services, cooperation and unity of action: pilots - International Federation of Airline Pilots' Associations (IFALPA - International Federation of Airline Pilots' Associations) and dispatchers - International Federation of Air Traffic Controllers Associations (IFATCA - International Federation of Air Traffic Controllers Associations). Both organizations function to improve and maintain the professional level of their members, social partnership, expansion of cultural and industry international relations, and exchange of experience.

Regional international aviation organizations are represented by: the European Civil Aviation Conference (ECAC), the African Civil Aviation Commission, the Latin American Civil Aviation Commission and the Arab Civil Aviation Council. states (ACAC - Arab Civil Aviation Commission). The goals of each of these organizations are similar: promoting cooperation between member states in the field of air transport for its more efficient and orderly development, ensuring systematization and standardization of general technical requirements for new aviation equipment, including communication systems, navigation and surveillance, flight safety issues, collection of statistical data. data on aviation accidents and incidents.

There is also a special organization operating in the CIS - Interstate Aviation Committee (IAC)- executive body in the field of civil aviation and use of airspace, common to 11 countries former USSR(except Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Georgia).

IAC is involved in the certification of aircraft, airfields and airlines, as well as the investigation of aviation accidents. However, as independent experts note, the combination of these functions in a number of cases raises suspicions of a conflict of interest, bias in investigations and conclusions of commissions.

In the field of air navigation largest organization is the European Organization for the Safety of Air Navigation - EUROCONTROL. It was created in 1960 with the aim of ensuring air navigation and flight safety, managing and coordinating air traffic in the upper airspace over the territory of 40 member countries, developing uniform rules for flight operations and the activities of air navigation services. EUROCONTROL's highest decision-making body is the Standing Commission, which works with heads of state, air traffic services providers, airspace users, airports and other organizations. Among the main functions of the organization is planning and managing aircraft flows. As you know, European ATS centers handle on average 5-6 times more flights per year than Russian ones (in the busiest Center - Maastricht - the air traffic intensity exceeds 5000 aircraft per day!), so EUROCONTROL introduced a system of hard slots (time windows ) for each of the flights received by management.