Punctuation in sentences with homogeneous clauses. Rules for writing a comma between homogeneous members of a sentence. Make up a few simple sentences with homogeneous members

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Homogeneous are two or more members of a sentence that act in the same syntactic function (i.e., play the same role in the sentence), refer to the same word and are connected to each other by a coordinating or non-union connection.Peter

and Masha vied with each other to order chocolate, strawberry, and caramel ice cream.

In this sentence, homogeneous *subject

Petya and Masha, *definitions chocolate, strawberry, caramel refer to one word.

ice cream Homogeneous members have equal rights. The means of communication for homogeneous members are coordinating conjunctions and enumerative:

intonation Petya loves And , Petya loves chocolate, Petya loves strawberry pistachio ice cream. - Communication tool - repetitive.

union and Petya loves chocolate, strawberry, pistachio ice cream . - Means of communication - enumerative

intonation. Sometimes homogeneous members of a sentence can be connected subordinating conjunctions

(causal, concessive):

The ice cream was delicious, although cold. They are as homogeneous as main , so minor sentence members; if the members of the sentence are expressed not in one word, but combination of words

Homogeneous are two or more members of a sentence that act in the same syntactic function (i.e., play the same role in the sentence), refer to the same word and are connected to each other by a coordinating or non-union connection., parts of the following sentence members can be homogeneous:

- and Masha love ice cream.

homogeneous subjects; Millions of boys

and girls all over the world love ice cream. Homogeneous

parts of the subject; Day

and girls all over the world love ice cream. It was sunny, joyful, happy. parts of the predicate

and so on. Homogeneous members of a sentence can be non-separated and separate

members of the sentence, as well as individual components within isolated members:

and girls all over the world love ice cream. This picture was painted in a very original and even somewhat remarkable manner.;

non-separate definitions Pushing up a chair and picking up a spoon

and girls all over the world love ice cream. , Petya attacked the ice cream. parts of the predicate

special circumstances Homogeneous members of a sentence may have:

different morphological expression

and girls all over the world love ice cream. He talked and laughed all day. predicates

expressed by verbs;

- He talked and laughed all day. He was talkative and laughing all day. have different morphological

expression;

We ordered vanilla and chocolate ice cream. Homogeneous definitions, one expressed adjective , other -

Between homogeneous members of a sentence not connected by conjunctions, put

Between homogeneous members of a sentence connected by conjunctions, a comma

Rice. 1. Comma for homogeneous members of the sentence ()

If homogeneous members are connected paired (comparative, double) unions both... and, not so... as, not only... but also, not so much... as, as much... as much, although and... but, if not... then etc., then the comma is placed only before the second part of the conjunction:

Petya ate Not only chocolate ice cream , but also creamy with great pleasure.

Inside comparative conjunctions not that... ah, not that... ah (but) comma before what and to not put:

When faced with a difficult choice between chocolate and coffee ice cream, Petya is not exactly doubted , but I thought a little.

With homogeneous members, sentences can be generalizing words. These are words with a more general meaning compared to the meaning of homogeneous members. Generalizing words are the same member of the sentence as homogeneous members. They can stand either before or after homogeneous members.

In sentences with a generalizing word, for homogeneous members of the sentence it is put

Rice. 2. Punctuation marks for generalizing words in sentences with homogeneous members ()

Bibliography

1. Bagryantseva V.A., Bolycheva E.M., Galaktionova I.V., Litnevskaya E.I. and others. Russian language.
2. Barkhudarov. S.G., Kryuchkov S.E., Maksimov L.Yu., Cheshko L.A. Russian language.
3. Lukerya spoke quietly and weakly but without stopping (I. Turgenev).
4. Empty without a crew with the flag of the uprising lowered, the Potemkin slowly moved, surrounded by a close convoy of smoke (V. Kataev).
5. He was a thinker and did not hide it (A.N. Tolstoy).
6. Thoughts overtook the artist either in the middle of the street, or in a cab, or in the midst of a conversation with friends (K. Paustovsky).
7. He gave money to everyone who asked, not so much out of kindness as out of feigned gentlemanliness (A. Chekhov).
8. Finally I hear the speech not of a boy but of a husband (A. Pushkin).
9. Although he was a close friend, he was not his best friend (I. Goncharov).
10. Lisa’s eyebrows didn’t just frown, but trembled (I. Turgenev).

1. A COMMA IS PUT:

a) Between homogeneous members in the absence of a union.

b) Between homogeneous members in front of adversarial unions: A. BUT. YES (MEANING "BUT"). HOWEVER, ALTHOUGH, THEN.

c) Between one and the same

Members connected by repeating or dividing conjunctions:

AND-AND, NEITHER-NOR, YES-YES, EITHER-OR, EITHER-OR, SO-AND-SO. NOT THAT - NOT THAT.

d) If one members are connected by double conjunctions: AS-SO AND. NOT SO- AS, NOT ONLY-

BUT AND, NOT SO MUCH, HOW MUCH SO MUCH. IF NOT, THEN. SO MUCH.

2. COMMA IS NOT USED:

a) Between homogeneity. members of a sentence with non-repeating connecting conjunctions AND, YES, OR, OR.

b) For two x one-unit. members with a repeating union

And, if a close semantic unity is formed:

It was both summer and autumn rainy.

d) In stable combinations: NEITHER NOR THAT, HERE AND SHE, NEITHER FISH OR MEAT. NEITHER THE LIGHT, NEITHER THE DAWN, NEITHER YOURSELF, NEITHER PEOPLE, NEITHER THE OTHER.

The next day, before dawn, Lisa had already woken up.

Homogeneous and heterogeneous definitions.

Rule: a comma is used for homogeneous definitions and is not used for heterogeneous definitions.

Definitions are homogeneous if:

a) indicate the distinctive features of different objects:

Crowds of children in blue, red, white shirts stand on the shore.

b) indicate various signs of the same object, characterizing it on one side: Ahead and behind there was a gray, leaden, inhospitable sea.

Definitions are heterogeneous:

a) if the previous definition does not refer directly to the defined noun, but to the combination of the subsequent definition and the defined noun: The forests along the horizon were lost in a dry pink fog.

Heterogeneous definitions characterize an object from different sides (a solid brick foundation).

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80. Punctuation marks for homogeneous members.

1. If homogeneous members of a sentence are not connected by conjunctions, but only by intonation, then a comma is placed between them (They gave me candy, balls, toys.);

Note. If homogeneous members of a sentence are common and there are commas inside them, then they can be separated by a semicolon (I took a walk in public gardens, parks; I went to visit Katerina, Peter, Matvey; I called Anna, Andrey, Inna.).

2. Homogeneous members of a sentence, connected by non-repeating conjunctions:

• if homogeneous members of a sentence are connected by non-repeating adversative conjunctions, then a comma is placed between them (It was not I who did this, but he.),
• if homogeneous members of a sentence are connected by non-repeating connecting or disjunctive conjunctions, then a comma is not placed between them (Marina and Olga came into the class. Did Pushkin or Lermontov write this?);
• A comma is not placed before the conjunction yes and (I'll take it and leave.) and before the conjunction and, if it is followed by the demonstrative pronoun that, that, then, those (The child will cope with this task.);

3. Homogeneous members of a sentence connected by repeating conjunctions:

• a comma is placed before repeated conjunctions and...and, yes...yes, neither...nor, or...or, whether...li, either...either, then...then, etc. . (In this store you can buy notebooks, pens, and books.),

Note. For homogeneous members of a sentence connected by repeating conjunctions, a comma is placed after each homogeneous member (Teachers, students, and their parents came to the concert.).

• if homogeneous members are closely related in meaning, then a comma is not placed between them (Both summer and autumn were rainy.),
• A comma is also not placed if homogeneous members of the sentence are part of integral expressions (neither for themselves nor for people, neither this nor that).

4. A coordinating conjunction can connect homogeneous members of a sentence in pairs, and then the pairs are separated from each other by commas, and within the pairs a comma is not placed (The students in the class were 55 smart and stupid, excellent students and poor students),

5. A comma is placed before the second part of the double conjunction (I am the same age as you); double conjunctions are both...so and, not so...as, not so much...as, not only...but also, although and...but, if not...then, as much. ..how much, how...so much.

The main cases of placing punctuation marks for homogeneous members of a sentence:

[o, o, o, o] [o and o] [o, a o] [o, o, o and o] [and o, and o, and o] [o, and o, and o] [o and oh, oh and oh] [both oh and oh]

Generalizing words with homogeneous members of a sentence (main cases of punctuation marks).

1. [O: oh, oh, oh] Everyone came to the meeting: teachers and students.

[Oh, cc. words: o, o, o] Everyone came to the meeting, namely: teachers and students.

2. [oh, oh, oh - O] Children, old people, women - everything mixed in a living stream.

[oh, oh, o-vv. words, O] Children, old people, women - in a word, everything mixed up in a living stream

3. [O: oh, oh, oh -...] And all this: the river, and the willow twigs, and this boy - reminded me of the distant days of childhood.

Tasks and tests on the topic "Punctuation marks for homogeneous members."

• Homogeneous members of a sentence, punctuation marks for them - Offer. Word combination 4th grade

  Lessons: 1 Assignments: 9 Tests: 1

• - Simple complicated sentence 11th grade

  Lessons: 2 Assignments: 6 Tests: 1

• Sentences with homogeneous members. Summarizing words - Basic concepts of syntax and punctuation grade 5

Homogeneous are those members of a sentence that answer the same question and relate to the same member of the sentence or are explained by the same member of the sentence.

Compare two sentences:

I often getletters Andparcels . I oftenI get AndI'm sending letters

In the first sentence, two complements answer the question WHAT? and refer to the same predicate, and in the second sentence two predicates are explained by one common addition.

Homogeneous members are usually expressed by words of one part of speech, as was the case in the sentences above, but can also be expressed by different parts of speech. For example: He spoke slowly With long pauses. In this sentence, the first circumstance is expressed by an adverb, and the second by a noun with a preposition.

Homogeneous members in sentences can be extended, that is, they can have dependent words. Consider the following sentence carefully.

Guys filmedfrom the head of the cap andbowed.

Here there are two homogeneous predicates (REMOVED and BOWED): the first is extended by circumstance (FROM THE HEAD) and the object (HATS), and the second is not common (it has no dependent words).

One sentence can have several rows of homogeneous members. For example:

The moon rose and illuminated the road, field and houses of the village.

The first row of homogeneous members in this sentence is created by predicates, the second - by complements.

Homogeneous and heterogeneous definitions

The same word in a sentence can have several definitions, which can be homogeneous or heterogeneous. It is necessary to learn to distinguish between these two types of definitions, since homogeneous definitions in writing are separated by commas, and a comma is not placed between heterogeneous definitions.

1. Homogeneous definitions are pronounced with enumerative intonation and characterize an object on one side: by color, shape, size, and so on.

In the morning the sun hits the gazebo through purple, lilac, green and lemon foliage(Paustovsky).

This sentence contains four definitions for the word FOLIAGE; they are uniform, since they all name the color and are pronounced with the intonation of enumeration.

Heterogeneous definitions characterize an object from different angles and are pronounced without enumerative intonation, for example:

It was an unbearably hot July day(Turgenev).

The definition of HOT tells us about the weather, and the definition of JULY tells us what month this day was in.

Please note that homogeneous definitions can be connected by coordinating conjunctions, and if there are no conjunctions, they can be easily inserted. Compare the three sentences below.

He spoke German, French, and English.
He spoke German, French and English.
He spoke German, French, and English.

2. Homogeneous definitions cannot be expressed by adjectives belonging to different lexical categories.

If definitions are expressed by adjectives, then you can determine whether they need to be separated by commas in the following way. It is known that adjectives are divided into three categories: qualitative, relative And possessive . If one word has definitions expressed by adjectives of different categories, then these definitions will be heterogeneous.

His old woman is standing on the porchExpensive sablewarmer jacket(Pushkin).

The word DUSHEGREYKA has two definitions: DEAR (qualitative adjective) and SOBOLEY (relative adjective).

3. Definitions are considered heterogeneous if one definition is expressed by a pronoun or numeral, and the other by an adjective.

Look at the examples in the illustration.

Why don't you put it onyours newdress?
Finally we have waitedfirst warmdays.

4. Sometimes in works of art there may be sentences in which there are commas between definitions that characterize the subject from different sides.

Read sentences from the works of I. A. Bunin and A. P. Chekhov. In them, the authors strive to create a single, holistic idea of ​​an object or phenomenon, and such definitions can be considered homogeneous.

Has arrivedrainy, dirty, darkautumn(Chekhov).
Clear days have changedcold, bluish-gray, soundless(Bunin).

Punctuation in sentences with homogeneous members connected by coordinating conjunctions

Coordinating conjunctions in Russian speech are divided into three categories: connective, divisive and adversative.

Meaning connecting unions can be conventionally designated by the phrase: “BOTH THIS AND THAT.” They connect two homogeneous members to each other. Meaning dividing conjunctions can be defined as follows: “EITHER THIS OR THAT.” Such unions indicate the possibility of only one homogeneous member out of several or their alternation. Meaning adversative unions is expressed differently: “NOT THIS, BUT THIS.” Opposite conjunctions contrast one homogeneous member with another. Consider examples of conjunctions of each category in the illustration.

Please note that the conjunction YES is written both in the column with connecting conjunctions and in the column with adversative conjunctions. The fact is that it can be used in two meanings. Compare two sayings: Without thread Yes needles cannot sew fur coats And Small spool Yes roads. In the first saying, the conjunction YES can be replaced by AND, and in the second - by BUT.

Some coordinating conjunctions consist of several words, for example, AS... AND; NOT ONLY... BUT ALSO. Such unions are called compound.

The placement of commas in sentences where homogeneous members are connected by coordinating conjunctions depends on what category they belong to.

Before coordinating conjunctions connecting homogeneous members, a comma is placed in three cases:

1) if in a sentence homogeneous members are connected by an adversative conjunction:
The berry is red,Yes tastes bitter. The task is difficultbut interesting;

2) if homogeneous members are connected by repeating unions:
It's noisy in the forest alone,Petya loves creepy,Petya loves funny(Fet);

3) if homogeneous members are connected by compound unions:
There will be a holidayNot only Today,but also Tomorrow..

Now let's turn to cases when there is no need to put a comma before conjunctions connecting homogeneous members.

1. If homogeneous members are connected by a single connecting or dividing conjunction, for example:

Minnows were splashing in the cagePetya loves perches.
In this forest in the pine trees you may notice a squirrelor woodpecker.

2. If unions combine homogeneous members into pairs, for example:

There were many knives in his collection Petya loves daggers, pistols Petya loves guns, decorated with precious stones.

3. If two homogeneous members are connected by repeating unions, but form a stable combination: BOTH DAY AND NIGHT, AND LAUGHTER AND SIN, NEITHER YES NOR NO, NEITHER TWO AND A AND A HALF, NEITHER BACK NOR FORWARD and others.

We were woken upneither lightneither dawn.

Punctuation marks in sentences with generalizing words

Read the proposal carefully.

Conifers grew near the housetrees: spruce, pine, fir.

In this example there are four subjects, but it is impossible to call them all homogeneous, because the first of them - the word TREES - unites the subsequent ones in its meaning, or, conversely, the last three subjects specify and clarify the meaning of the first. Between the first subject and the subsequent ones, you can insert the question: “Which ones exactly?”

If one of the words in a sentence is specified, clarified by a number of homogeneous members, then such a word is called generalizing . Please note: the generalizing word is the same member of the sentence as the homogeneous members.

Generalizing words in sentences can be expressed by different parts of speech, but pronouns are especially often used in this capacity, for example:

Neither noble family, nor beauty, nor strength, nor wealth - nothing can escape trouble.(Pushkin) or It has always been this way: a hundred and three hundred years ago.

Generalizing words can also be expressed as whole phrases, for example:

Every day old Moses began to bringvarious large fish : pike, ide, chub, tench, perch(Aksakov).

In this sentence, the combination will be DIFFERENT LARGE FISH.

In sentences with generalizing words, punctuation marks are placed in accordance with the rule of three main points.

1. If a generalizing word comes before homogeneous members, then a colon is placed after it.

Yellow maple leaves layeverywhere : cars.

2. If a generalizing word comes after homogeneous members, then a dash is placed in front of it.

On paths, on benches, on roofs cars – everywhere yellow maple leaves lay.

3. If a generalizing word comes before homogeneous members, and after them the sentence continues, then a colon is placed after the generalizing word, and a dash is placed after the homogeneous members.

Everywhere : on paths, on benches, on roofs cars – yellow maple leaves lay.

Exercise

He lay on his back and looked at the sky for a long time.

The outlines of trees, sprinkled with rain and agitated by the wind, began to emerge from the darkness (Turgenev).

Exhausted_dirty_wet, we reached the shore (According to Turgenev).

In the deep silence, the clinking of a nightingale (Bunin) could be heard clearly and cautiously throughout the garden.

I collected my goodies and returned to my sister (Bunin).

Dew glistened on the wet, fragrant, thick flowers and herbs (Bunin).

The clatter of hooves and the ringing of wheels echoed with thunder and reverberated from four sides (According to Gogol).

Songs and screams were heard louder and louder through the streets (Gogol).

We took a rubber inflatable boat with us and at dawn we went beyond the edge of the coastal water lilies to fish. (Paustovsky)

The waiter put cold and hot appetizers on the table, as well as the main dish - stuffed salmon.

From somewhere outside came the restlessly growing, mighty, menacing noise of a huge crowd (Babel).

I threw a heavy lead sinker at the she-wolf (Paustovsky).

From here one could see a large neglected garden (A. Gaidar).

The menu offered a large selection of white_red wine_ as well as carbonated drinks_ and juices.

Evgeny Schwartz grew up in the small provincial southern city of Maykop.

In the depths of the garden stood an awkward two-story shed, and under the roof of this shed fluttered a small red flag (Gaidar).

It’s especially good in the gazebo on quiet autumn nights, when the leisurely, vertical rain is making a low noise in the garden (Paustovsky).

There are many gas_electric stoves_ and ovens on display at the exhibition.

Ahead is a deserted September day (Paustovsky).

He packed not only clothes but also books into the suitcase.

He decided to pack either clothes or books in his suitcase.

He took out a suitcase and put there_ shirts_ and ties_ and an album with photographs.

The album contained photographs of his wife_ and relatives_ and friends.

In the depths of the garden there was a small outbuilding with small windows that did not open either in winter or in summer.

There were already pies_ and pancakes, pancakes_ and cheesecakes on the table.

I'll order_ either ice cream_ or strawberry juice.

I'll order ice cream_ or strawberry pie_ or cheesecake.

I will order_ not only ice cream_ but also apple pie.

Before, Yegorushka had never seen steamboats, locomotives, or wide rivers (Chekhov).

He is well acquainted with the life of the landowner and the peasant and bourgeois (Turgenev).

On the left side you can see vast fields, forests, three or four villages, and in the distance the village of Kolomenskoye with its high palace (Karamzin).

And the deceptive wave of the blue sea in the hours of fatal bad weather_ and the sling_ and arrow_ and the crafty dagger_ spare the winner for years (Pushkin).

The palisade was hung with bunches of dried pears and apples and airy carpets (according to Gogol).

There were a lot of flowers growing there: crane peas, porridge, bluebells, forget-me-nots, field carnations (Turgenev).

He knows a lot about everything that is important_ and interesting for a Russian person_ in horses_ and in cattle_ in the forest_ in bricks_ and in dishes_ in red goods_ and in leather goods_ in songs_ and dances (Turgenev).

The hare has many enemies: the wolf and the fox and man.

Whether at home or on the street or at a party, he felt someone’s gaze on him everywhere.

Tatyana prepared everything necessary for embroidery: multi-colored threads, beads, sequins, beads.

In our department store you can purchase various_ hats_ caps_ hats_ winter_ and sports hats.

Everywhere_ in the club_ on the streets_ on benches at the gates_ in houses_ noisy conversations took place (Garshin).

Everything merged, everything mixed up: earth_ air_ sky.

The next day, very tasty crayfish pies and lamb cutlets (Chekhov) were served for breakfast.

There were no human feelings left in him - neither love for his son nor compassion for his neighbor.

Deciduous trees_ aspen_ alder_ birch_ are still bare (Soloukhin).

The dew drops shimmered with all the colors of the rainbow: red_ yellow_ green_ purple.

It was joyfully young both in heaven and on earth and in the heart of man (Tolstoy).

1. _ and fatal secrets of the grave, fate_ and life in their turn_ everything was subject to their judgment (Pushkin).

And the shepherd driving the cows and the land surveyor riding in a chaise across the dam and the gentlemen walking all look at the sunset and every single one of them finds that it is terribly beautiful, but no one knows or will say what the beauty is (Chekhov).

And the fact that they were sitting in the living room, where everything, the chandelier in its case, and the armchairs, and the carpets underfoot, said that these same people, who were now looking out of the frames, had once walked, sat, and drank tea, and the fact that it was now silent here beautiful Pelageya walked - it was better than any stories (Chekhov).

Sometimes it happens that the clouds crowd in disarray on the horizon, and the sun, hiding behind them, paints them and the sky in all sorts of colors: crimson, orange, gold, purple, dirty pink; one cloud looks like a monk, another like a fish, the third like a Turk in a turban (Chekhov).

The glow covered a third of the sky, glitters in the church cross_ and in the glass of the manor's house_ reflects in the river_ and in the puddles_ trembles in the trees; far, far away against the background of dawn a flock of wild ducks is flying somewhere to spend the night... (Chekhov).

Imagine... a cropped head with thick, low-hanging eyebrows, a bird's nose, a long gray mustache, and a wide mouth, from which a long cherry chibouk protrudes; this head is clumsily glued to a skinny, hunchbacked body, dressed in a fantastic suit, a scanty red jacket and wide, bright blue trousers; this figure walked with his legs apart and shuffling shoes, spoke without removing his chibouk from his mouth, and carried himself with purely Armenian dignity, did not smile, did not widen his eyes, and tried to pay as little attention to his guests as possible.

A good conductor, conveying the composer’s thoughts, does twenty things at once: reads the score, waves his baton, follows the singer, moves towards the drum, then the horn, and so on. (Chekhov).

Alien people_ alien nature_ pathetic culture_ all this, brother, is not as easy as walking along Nevsky in a fur coat, arm in arm with Nadezhda Fedorovna_ and dreaming of warm lands (Chekhov).

Hatred for von Koren_ and anxiety_ all disappeared from the soul (Chekhov).

In order to make it easier to convey to the listener the meaning of what was said, homogeneous members of the sentence are used in the Russian language. Compare: “The shady forest calls to the traveler. The shady forest beckons the traveler. The shady forest promises coolness.” Or the same thing, but presented in one sentence: “The shady forest calls, beckons the traveler and promises coolness.”

A sentence with homogeneous predicates, examples of which you will see in this article, helps to simplify the semantic load, while eliminating the need to pile up several syntactic structures in the text.

Features of the composition of simple sentences

You probably know how simple sentences differ from complex ones. The former have only one, which, as a rule, includes a subject and a predicate (or one of these members). And complex sentences can have two or more such stems.

But in addition to the above-mentioned ways of expressing thoughts in the Russian language, there are also so-called complicated constructions. That is, those that include, for example, homogeneous members. This means that a simple sentence with homogeneous predicates “This lecture is interesting and informative” is not entirely simple. In Russian grammar it will be considered complicated.

By the way, there is still a complication with introductory words or sentences, as well as isolations, appeals, etc. We will focus on the first version of complicated constructions.

Basic signs of homogeneity for members of a sentence

But before we begin to discuss homogeneous subjects and predicates, let's remember the general rules that apply to all members of a sentence.

The main sign of homogeneity for both the main and secondary members of any sentence is that in this construction they will be equal, performing one syntactic function, referring to one member in the sentence and, accordingly, answering the same question.

Between them, regardless of the part of speech, there is either a coordinating or non-union syntactic connection, emphasizing their equality. The first is expressed, as a rule, using the intonation of enumeration, and the non-union connection is expressed only intonation.

What predicates can be homogeneous

And minor members, and in the Russian language, becoming homogeneous, can nevertheless have dependent words (however, the same applies to minor members). For example: “The girl looked out the window and sighed.” In this sentence there are two homogeneous predicates (looked and sighed), but the first of them is extended by an addition (to the window), and the second has no dependent words.

Most often, all homogeneous members of a sentence - predicate, subject or others - belong to one part of speech, but there are also constructions in which they can belong to different grammatical classes, expressed by phraseological units or phrases.

For example, in the sentence “Andrey joked and laughed to tears,” the predicates are expressed by the verb (joked) and (laughed to tears), which does not prevent them from being homogeneous.

How a series of homogeneous members is grammatically arranged

To grammatically combine homogeneous members in a sentence, both enumerative intonation and conjunctions are used. The latter can be connective (and, yes), adversative (a, but), and also divisive (or, or). In the example “She either talks on the phone or runs to her friends,” the main member of the sentence is the predicate - connected by the disjunctive conjunction “or”. And in the example: “This boy is small, but smart,” they are connected by the adversative conjunction “but.”

Comma between homogeneous subjects and predicates

The main punctuation rule when writing homogeneous members of a sentence is that in the absence of conjunctions, a comma is placed between them. Homogeneous predicates are no exception. Examples “The rain whispered, lulled, evoked languor”, “Under the sun the drops sparkled, shimmered and seemed silver” confirm this.

But notice that in the second sentence, between two of the three predicates there is a coordinating conjunction “and”, which eliminates the comma. True, this is only possible if it is not repeated, otherwise you will have to pay attention to the subtleties.

When to use a comma in sentences with repeated conjunctions

In the construction “And his hands, and his face, and his clothes were covered with a thick layer of soot,” homogeneous subjects are connected by a repeated conjunction “and,” and this case already requires a comma to be placed between them.

In a situation where a union breaks homogeneous members into semantic pairs, each of them is taken as a single component from a homogeneous series: “Squeals and screams, laughter and the stomping of feet were heard through the open window and beckoned into the courtyard.”

Please note that homogeneous subjects and predicates in this construction are connected in different ways: the subjects “squealing and screaming”, “laughter and stomping” are collected in pairs, and there is a comma between them. And between the predicates “were heard” and “beckoned” there is a coordinating conjunction, so a comma is not needed there.

A comma is also placed in sentences where homogeneous members are connected by so-called double conjunctions (not only..., but also...; not so much... as...; if not..., then..., etc.).

Please note that in the sentence “The snow covered not only the lawn in front of the house, but also hung on the trees like a white blanket” and similar ones, the comma in the double conjunction is placed before its second part.

Comma in sentences with several rows of homogeneous members

A sentence with homogeneous predicates (you can see examples in the article) in some cases has several rows of homogeneous members. They must be distinguished from constructions where there is only one such row, and there are repeating conjunctions between homogeneous members.

In the sentence “In this house a cat and a dog lived peacefully and did not quarrel” there are 2 rows of homogeneous members (the subjects are “the cat and the dog”, as well as the predicates “they lived and did not quarrel”). They are united in pairs by the connecting conjunction “and”, but are not used in this construction.

Sentences with homogeneous predicates: examples of colons for the main members of a sentence

Sentences, regardless of the part of speech in which they are expressed, may contain words that have a general meaning and are equally related to each lexical unit from this series. For example, in the sentence “Fruits were piled on the counter in bright heaps: apples, pears, plums and peaches,” the generalizing word “fruit” carries a generic concept.

If a simple sentence with homogeneous predicates or other members of the sentence includes a colon after it. When reading, as a rule, there is a pause at this point: “Mom managed to do everything: cook dinner, do the laundry, wipe the dust and sing songs.”

By the way, the generalizing word always turns out to be the same member of the sentence as the homogeneous members associated with it, since they have the same syntactic function.

Examples of dashes for main parts of a sentence

If a homogeneous series ends with a generalizing word, then it is separated by a dash: “Milk, berries, and mushrooms - everything in the village seemed especially tasty.” “Her thin hands, curls at her temples, even the flowers on her dress - everything aroused delight and seemed beautiful” - homogeneous predicates here are separated from homogeneous subjects of a dash, since they are followed by a generalizing word.

Together with a generalizing word, an introductory word can also be used (that is, in one word, namely, somehow, etc.), then a comma is placed between them: “No fleeting glances, no sudden blush, no sighs - in a word, nothing did not escape his attentive eyes.”

Some cases when a dash is placed

A dash for homogeneous members can appear not only in the case of enumeration. So, if homogeneous predicates carry a sharp semantic opposition of one in relation to another or a sudden addition, a dash is placed between them: “I went out into the garden - and froze when I saw a squirrel on the roof of the gazebo.” The dash in such sentences emphasizes the surprise, the suddenness of the action: “The prince met Cinderella and immediately fell in love with her.”

By the way, if homogeneous members do not have unions with each other, but at the same time express opposition, they are also separated by a dash: “He is light - he is darkness, he is faith - he is unbelief.”

How to recognize heterogeneous and homogeneous predicates: examples

If words are used in a sentence to emphasize the multiplicity of objects, the duration of an action or its repetition, such members of the sentence belong to homogeneous ones.

Please note: “We sailed, sailed, sailed in a thick, impenetrable fog.” The predicate in the Russian language in this construction is considered as a single member of the sentence.

Parts of a compound predicate, which is expressed by a combination of verbs (I’ll go rest, let me look, take it and complain, etc.), cannot be homogeneous members. A construction with them cannot be considered as a sentence with homogeneous predicates.

Examples of sentences with phraseological units (neither give nor take, neither fish nor fowl, and laughter and sin, etc.) are classified according to the same criteria.