How an electric bell works. Proper connection of the doorbell in the apartment. Wired bell equipped with an electronic sound driver

Electric Chair Electric shock is not as severe as the sword and guillotine, but it creates a feeling of painful uncertainty about the moment of death. Photo "Sigma". The expansion of the scope of industrial use of electricity in the XIX century itself

Electricity

Electric current In the most simple terms, electric current is the flow of electrons that flow from a current source through current conductors and return to the source. Anything can be a source of current: a huge power plant, a small home

Electricity

Electric current Electric current. – If two dissimilar metals, for example, Zn and Cu, are immersed in a conductive liquid, for example, in a solution of sulfuric acid, and these metals are connected to each other with a metal wire, then a special process occurs in this system, called

In the age of modern technology, more and more new gadgets are appearing to make our lives more comfortable and simplify our work. One such device is the wireless doorbell, which has replaced its outdated counterparts. This simple compact device can have many functions and its installation is so simple that it does not require special skills and any special tools.

Wireless doorbell

Recently, such devices have become more and more popular. So what is the secret of such demand? The answer lies in the principle of the call.

Operating principle

To make it easier to understand how a radio call works, let's first look at how a regular wired call works. It consists of two parts connected by a wire.

• The outer part is a button that is installed outside the front door.
• The second inner part is a receiving device with a speaker.

It connects to the mains. When you press the button on the external device, a signal begins to flow through the wire to the internal device, then it is converted and fed to the speaker, as a result of which a call is heard.

The principle of operation of a wireless doorbell is similar, the only difference is that the signal from the button (transmitter) is sent to the internal device (receiver) via radio waves, not wires. To do this, the transmitter and receiver have mini-antennas, through which the signal is transmitted. In most modern devices of this type, the role of the antenna is performed by the circuit of the microcircuit. This allows them to be compact.

Such wireless devices are especially popular not only among apartment owners, but also among people who have private houses. This is due to the fact that there is no need to drill walls, lay wires through the air or underground from the gate or gate to the house. In addition, the range of such calls can be up to 150 meters, which is a definite plus.

Types of wireless doorbells

Today, there are many different models of wireless doorbells. They differ in price, configuration, functionality and type of power supply, reliability and scope.

Models of such gadgets are presented in various configurations. They may have multiple buttons paired with the same receiver. This is useful if there are multiple entrances to a room or lot.

But there are options with several receivers operating from one button. Such receivers also have many advantages. For example, they are installed in places where usually the bell located near the door can not be heard (kitchen, bathroom, garage, and so on).

If the distance between the button and the speaker is greater than the range of the device, then it can be supplemented with a repeater, which will significantly increase the range. The principle of its operation is that it simultaneously performs the functions of a receiver and a transmitter. A repeater configured for both devices receives a signal from the transmitter and transmits it to the receiver.

The following main types of devices are distinguished by the type of power source:

• The transmitter and receiver are powered by batteries or rechargeable batteries.
• The transmitter is battery powered and the receiver is mains powered.
• The transmitter operates by pressing (without batteries), and the receiver - from the mains or batteries (accumulator).

The first type is the most common, as it is simple and does not require a network connection. The transmitter and receiver require only the insertion of AA or AAA batteries, depending on the model.

The second type is less common, but more economical, since a speaker connected to the mains consumes little electricity and does not require constantly changing batteries to operate. There are two options here: the receiver is plugged into a socket or wires are connected to it.

But the third type is very promising. Its essence lies in the fact that the transmitter starts working by pressing a button. That is, when pressed, energy is generated sufficient to send a signal to the receiver. This type is very popular among owners of private houses, since in winter in the cold, the batteries are quickly discharged, and the batteries lose their capacity much faster.

Models of wireless doorbells also differ in functionality. The main difference is the number of melodies played. In budget options, there are usually no more than ten of them. In expensive models, there are better speakers, and the set of melodies is an order of magnitude larger. In addition, some models provide the ability to download your own melodies or sounds via electronic media or wireless connection. In more expensive configurations of such devices, the functions of a vibrating call or a light indicator of a call are also provided. This is very convenient if someone is resting in the house, and it is necessary to know that guests have arrived.

More advanced models can be equipped with a surveillance camera, video intercom and motion sensor. The sensor is triggered when movement starts at a distance of several meters from the door, it turns on the camera and records what is happening. Thus, such devices can become part of a smart home or security system if everything is configured correctly.

Depending on the purpose, two main types of wireless bells are distinguished: outdoor and indoor. The first, as a rule, is chosen by the owners of private houses, and the second - by the owners of apartments. Since outdoor involves the installation of the transmitter outdoors, it must have such qualities as resistance to ultraviolet rays, moisture resistance and shock resistance.

For more durable operation, most models are equipped with a small visor that is installed above the button and protects the device from rain or direct sunlight. In addition, the case of such a button must be sealed to protect the filling from dust or moisture. If protection against vandals is necessary, then, as a rule, a receiver is installed in a metal case, the button itself is also made of metal.

Therefore, before deciding which call is better, you need to decide on the place of its installation and the necessary functionality.

Self installation

So how do you install a wireless doorbell yourself? As stated earlier, setting up a wireless bell is pretty straightforward. The easiest to install is the model whose receiver is powered by batteries or a rechargeable battery. It is enough to attach it to self-tapping screws or dowels, depending on the material of the walls.

Double sided tape can be used for faster installation. The button is attached in the same way. Before that, batteries must be inserted into the receiver and transmitter. If the receiver is connected to the network, then you must first de-energize the wires connected, and then connect the receiver to the mains.

Important! When installing the button in the entrance or on the street, it is not recommended to use double-sided tape, since such fastening is not reliable and durable. A good option is dowels or screws.

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Ivan 08/01/2018 16:46

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electric bell

All of you, of course, are familiar with electric bell(fig. below). Its main part is electromagnet . The electric bell works like this: when the electric circuit is closed by the switch, the electromagnet attracts an anchor with a hammer and a movable contact; the hammer strikes the cup of the bell; the movable and fixed contacts open and the electrical circuit breaks; the electromagnet lowers the armature, the movable contact closes again with the fixed contact under the action of the elastic force - the whole process is repeated. The magnetization and demagnetization of the electromagnet occurs quickly, the armature fluctuates all this time, opening and closing the circuit, and the hammer strikes the cup, causing a ringing.

Depending on the design, electric bells can be powered by either flashlight batteries or mains power. You can independently assemble a model of an electric bell from a set of parts of an electric designer using a power source, a switch and electrical wires (Fig. below). Before testing the model, it is necessary to assemble its electrical circuit. Stable operation of the electric bell is achieved by changing the distance between the fixed contact and the elastic plate (moving contact).

electromagnetic relay

An electromagnetic relay is used to turn on and off electrical devices at a considerable distance from them. One kind of electromagnetic relay is shown in the figure below, a .
When the electrical circuit of the electromagnet is closed, the right armature arm (Fig. below, b ) is attracted to the core of the electromagnet, and the left shoulder of the armature deflects the contact plate to the left, closing the electrical circuit of the consumer. When the electromagnet circuit is opened, the armature returns to its original position, and the contact plate opens the consumer's electrical circuit.

Electromagnetic relays can operate to open the consumer's electrical circuit (opening relay), close (closing relay) and switch (switching relay).
Electric lighting control circuit using a relay (see figure above, in ) consists of a current source, a relay coil and a switch. The consumer circuit includes a current source, relay contacts and an electric lamp. By passing current from a flashlight battery through the electromagnet coil, you can turn on an electric lamp powered by the mains.
At practical work, you will be able to assemble a model of an electromagnetic relay from a set of designer parts. Before testing the model, it is necessary to assemble the control circuit (current source, relay, switch) and the consumer circuit (incandescent lamp, electric bell, etc.). Closing the electrical control circuit, observe the inclusion of the consumer.

Today in the distribution network you can buy any model of a doorbell for an apartment. This simple essential device is designed to sound an alarm when guests or friends arrive. Its device includes a button and an alarm device. Electric doorbells appeared after the invention of electromagnets, which are the main element of the doorbell. Previously, the bell device was simple and unattractive, but gradually its design became more complicated. As a result, the doorbell has become a convenient modern device.

Varieties and device

The device of doorbells is very simple, but they are made in several types, differing in ring tone, size and shape, as well as quality and cost.

Mechanical doorbells

Often, mechanical bells are used to design and decorate doors in the old style. Outwardly, they can be designed in the form of a hammer, a ship's bell, etc.

Electromechanical doorbells

The operation of an electromechanical doorbell is as follows. When an electric current is applied to the electromagnet coil, the percussion mechanism is attracted to the core, touches the metal plate, which serves as a sound resonator. As a result, a sound is heard, the volume of which depends on the size of the resonator.

Advantages

• Long service life.
• Easy installation.
• Simple device.

Flaws

• The device will not work without the presence of electric current in the network.
• Lack of customization of different sounds and melodies.
• Uniform signal.

Electronic doorbells

Connecting electronic calls is practically the same as connecting electromechanical structures, but their internal structure is distinguished by the presence of electronic filling. The sound is heard not from hitting a metal plate, but from a loudspeaker. Such calls are equipped with volume controls and a setting for changing the type of melody.

Electronic doorbells are divided into two types:

• Wired. These are ordinary simple calls that operate from pressing a button that closes an electrical circuit. Such doorbells were placed in Soviet times on the doors of all apartments. Today, wired calls have already been redesigned. Various melodies or sounds from popular films are built into it. Such models of calls are the most reliable, they are suitable for many doors. Advantages: work in any conditions, reliable and simple design. Flaws: the impossibility of working in the absence of electricity, the need for pulling wires, drilling holes in the wall.
• Wireless . Such designs are convenient for installation in private homes. The guests who came do not stand near the door of the house, but near the courtyard gate, located at some distance from the house. To install wireless bells, you do not need to run wires from the gate to the house. When the button is pressed, the signal is transmitted via radio waves to the bell located in the house. Different models are able to work at different distances of the button from the main unit, but no more than 100 meters. Wireless calls are made in two versions: on or on. They do not require a 220 volt household network, so they are installed where there is no electricity, for example, in a forester's house or a forest hut. Advantages: able to function in the absence of a household electrical network, have a sealed housing without the exit of any wires, which prevents the penetration of water. Installation of wireless bells is simple, no wires required. Flaws: with a significant distance and the presence of metal or concrete barriers between the button and the signal unit, its functioning deteriorates. Working in the cold can cause the wireless bell to fail.

video calls

The video camera doorbell is now a common option, replacing simple electrical designs.

Benefits of video doorbells:

• You can install a video call in any place: on the gate, on the door of the apartment, on the office door. The video call is equipped with a device that allows you to talk, so the owner does not need to leave the house and open the gate.
• It is convenient to use in an apartment, there is no need to drill a door and make a peephole, as the image of a person with whom you can talk is visible on the screen.
• Video calls are convenient for remote use. The kit includes a hidden camera capable of recording image and sound. Such a call model does not need to be connected to a household network, it is able to operate on batteries or batteries.
• An additional feature of the video call is the ability to remotely open the door. More expensive models have a video fixation function for night illumination and video recording, as well as an answering machine function.
• Ability to adjust the volume of ringtones and conversations.
• There are video call models that make it possible to talk with the owner who is not at home, but in a completely different place. This function is provided by IP devices built into the bell body.

The set of video calls includes: a communication channel, an autonomous power supply device, a calling panel in a protective design that protects against vandals. The image can be displayed on a TV or computer.

In addition to the quality of workmanship and the number of functions of the company, manufacturers began to improve the external design of doorbells. Previously, the case was made in the form of an ordinary plastic box, which was hidden during installation so that no one would see it. Today, the doorbell body is part of the interior of the hallway, it can have a different shape and beautiful color.

Connecting wireless calls

The easiest way is to connect a wireless doorbell, as there is no need to run wires. The power of wireless call options is most often from or batteries.

The whole installation process is to fix the main unit and the button on the wall or other surface. The button can be glued with glue or double-sided tape, or fixed with self-tapping screws, depending on the type of surface.

The doorbell alarm unit can be fixed on the wall in the same way as a button, or you can simply install it on top of the cabinet. Some wireless bell kits include a battery operated button and a mains powered main unit. In this case, too, there are no big difficulties. In this case, the signal unit is simply plugged into the socket.

Connecting wired calls

It is much more difficult to connect a wired electric bell to a 220 V power supply. In this case, the connection is made by analogy with a light switch. A phase is connected through the button, and zero goes directly to the main unit. The diagram shows the wiring.

If you have recently received a new apartment in a new building and want to set up an entrance bell, then it is recommended to follow a certain order:

• Choose the best places for installing the main unit and buttons.
• De-energize the network by turning off in.
• Drill a hole in the wall for pulling connecting the button to the main unit. When doing this, be careful not to get on other wires in the wall.
• From the hole, strobes should be drawn to the place where the bell and button are connected. If used for wires, then there is no need to make strobes in the walls.
• Fix the button and the main unit on the planned places of the walls.
• Remove the front cover of the main unit and buttons to access the terminals.
• Connect the neutral wire to the main unit.
• Connect the phase of the main unit with the button.
• Connect the phase from the button to the phase terminal of the switchboard.
• If there is a ground loop in the apartment, and in the bell of the corresponding terminal, it is necessary to ground the bell.
• Visually check the correct connection of the wires, comparing with the diagram, close the covers of the signal unit and buttons.
• Apply power by turning on the machines in the switchboard.
• Check the operation of the call by pressing the button.

How to choose doorbells

• Doorbells should be purchased at specialized outlets for the sale of electrical goods. It is undesirable to make a purchase in a hardware store.
• The cost of the device can vary widely, and depends on the number of functions, overall dimensions, maximum range, external design.
• In large buildings it is necessary to install bells with a louder melody.
• When purchasing, it is necessary to check the type of galvanic cells used. If they are of a non-standard size, then it will be difficult to find the same batteries to replace them later. It is best if the power is supplied from batteries, as they can be charged.
• Ease of installation is an important factor when choosing a device. The simplest fastening is double-sided tape.
• A pleasant sounding melody also plays an important role, since an unpleasant melody will bother you for a long time. If there are doorbells with different melodies on sale, or with a set of melodies, then it is better to choose the option that is best for you.
• The design of the doorbell housing should be compatible with the interior of the room. The backlight function of the button will make it possible to quickly find it in the dark on the gate, or on the dark door of the apartment in the stairwell.
• It is best to choose a doorbell model for which a guarantee is given, drawn up by the relevant documents.

A large selection of models makes it possible to choose a remote or wired bell according to the external design of the room. It can be a small simple case, or an imitation of a bird's nest. There are also doorbells with the ability to record melodies and sounds. It is more convenient to use a wireless call in country houses on gates, when it is problematic to lay wires. But at the same time, you should take into account possible obstacles that can weaken the radio signal.