Landing and completing the assigned task. Professional training (advanced training) for employees of special purpose units of the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in landing from a helicopter in various ways using special equipment
home 359. Landing
- the transfer of tactical airborne assault forces by air behind enemy lines to carry out a combat mission. It includes the take-off of helicopters with landing forces, the formation of a battle formation of part (units) of helicopters, a combat flight and landing of troops. IN set time
the battalion (company) occupies the specified initial area for landing. Unit commanders clarify landing calculations and check the readiness of units to board (load) helicopters.
360. With the arrival of the helicopters, the landing commander, together with the commander of the helicopter unit (unit), clarify the plan for loading military equipment and landing personnel, landing sites in the main and alternate landing areas, and the procedure for interaction between helicopter and motorized rifle units in flight and during landing.
The loading of weapons, military equipment and other materiel into helicopters begins at a set time (at the command of the senior commander using the landing force), and is carried out by loading teams of units under the leadership of helicopter commanders. The boarding of personnel into helicopters is carried out immediately before take-off and must be completed before the engines are started. Anti-aircraft units carry out the landing of personnel last. The landing time is specified by the landing commander after receiving orders to begin landing.
361. Readiness for landing is determined by the completion of loading weapons and military equipment into helicopters and the assignment of combat missions to units. By this time, personnel should be in close proximity to the helicopters, ready to land.
The landing begins at the command of the commander using the landing. The commander of the helicopter unit (unit) is responsible for the landing of a tactical airborne assault force at a precisely established time and in the designated area (object).
The landing commander in flight is in the helicopter of the helicopter unit commander, the commanders of the landing units are in the helicopters of the flight (detachment) commanders. The commander of the helicopter unit (unit) informs the landing commander about the situation in the landing area, changes in the flight route and the procedure for approaching the landing sites, as well as about helicopters that were damaged and stopped flying.
362. As the helicopters of the advance group approach the landing site, the enemy on it is destroyed and suppressed by fire from the on-board weapons of the helicopters and small arms, after which the advance group disembarks. The on-board technician supervises the disembarkation and unloading from the helicopter.
The advance group, having disembarked from helicopters, deploys into battle formation, completes the destruction of the enemy at the landing sites (site) and in the areas adjacent to them, takes possession of the designated line, consolidates its position on it and ensures the landing of the main landing forces.
After landing, the anti-aircraft unit operating in the advance group takes up firing positions near the landing site in the direction of advance of the main landing forces and prepares to fire at enemy air targets.
After the landing, the engineering and sapper unit conducts reconnaissance of mine-explosive and other obstacles at the landing sites, clears them or marks obstacles and local objects that interfere with the landing of helicopters.
The reconnaissance (combat reconnaissance) patrol (sentinel squad), after landing, conducts reconnaissance in the direction of the upcoming landing operations, advances to the captured line (object) and clarifies the composition and position of the enemy. The radiation and chemical reconnaissance department (crew) or a specially prepared department conducts radiation and chemical reconnaissance.
After the landing of the advance group, combat and transport helicopters support the battle of the advance group and cover the landing of the main forces, and also strike the enemy approaching the landing area. The commander of the advance group reports to the landing commander updated information about the terrain in the landing area, landing sites and the nature of enemy actions in the landing area, and, if possible, in the area of the captured (destroyed) line (object).
In the event of a sudden change in the situation in the main landing area, or failure of the main landing sites, the landing commander makes a decision to land on alternate sites landing sites independently, and to the alternate landing area - after the decision is approved by the commander using the landing. Based on the results of the battle of the advance group and on the basis of data received from intelligence agencies, the commander, if necessary, clarifies the order of landing of the main forces and the tasks of the elements of the battle order (units).
363. The main landing forces land in the landing area under the cover of air strikes, combat helicopters and supporting artillery fire. After landing, the airborne units take their starting position (concentrate in the assembly area), adopt a battle formation and begin to carry out the combat mission. The landing commander takes control of the assigned (supporting) army aviation.
The landing commander clarifies on the ground or assigns new tasks to units, coordinates their actions and controls them during
performing a combat mission.
After landing, artillery units (subunits) take up firing positions on the landing site and fire at observed targets in the direction of operations of the landing units.
During operations, the anti-aircraft unit protects the combat formations of the landing forces from enemy air strikes.
After landing, the combined arms reserve gathers in its assigned area in readiness to carry out unexpected tasks.
Combat helicopters, and after the landing, transport and combat helicopters support the battle from the air and prevent the approach of enemy reserves.
The advance of landing units to the line (object) to be captured (destructed, disabled) is carried out quickly, usually in pre-battle order under the cover of security.
When meeting with the enemy during the advance, the landing units, without getting involved in a protracted battle, bypass pockets of resistance, fire, and, if necessary, with a decisive attack, parts of the forces destroy small groups of the enemy.
The results of the landing and data on the situation in the landing area, and the course of action, in addition, on the implementation of immediate and future tasks and on sudden changes in the situation, are immediately reported to the senior commander and, on their basis, combat missions are specified to subordinates.
The brigade commander begins to control the landing operations after the landing commander reports on the landing, the condition of the units and the enemy.
364. Upon reaching the designated objective, the landing force immediately deploys into battle formation and quickly attacks it in the flank and rear, destroys manpower, fire weapons (disables the object) and quickly moves to a new object or to a specified area (point).
When securing a position on a captured line, airborne units switch to defense, based on holding important areas of the terrain and quickly maneuvering forces and means. The defense area (strong point) is being prepared for all-round defense.
365. When destroying (incapacitating) the means of using nuclear, chemical and biological weapons, ground elements of reconnaissance and strike systems, command posts and other enemy objects, airborne units covertly advance to the area where they are located, attack and destroy the enemy covering these objects, rendering them unusable its launchers (guns), missiles (shells), controls and other important elements of the facility. Nuclear and chemical attack weapons, when moving, are destroyed by fire and a decisive attack or surprise actions from fire ambushes.
When captured nuclear mines enemy installed in wells, the landing force destroys the enemy in the area where the wells may be located, occupies a designated line and ensures the actions of engineering units designed to neutralize nuclear mines.
366. When a road junction fails, bridges, viaducts, overpasses and traffic junctions are destroyed, and the road surface is rendered unusable in places where, due to terrain conditions, short time It is impossible to equip bypass routes.
When a railway junction (station) is captured, the first things to be disabled (undermined, destroyed) are the input and output switches, signaling and automatic blocking equipment, power supply and communication lines. Military echelons located at the station, as a rule, are blocked and destroyed by fire and a decisive attack.
367. When control posts are destroyed, the main landing forces are landed directly on the target or near it, and part of the forces are placed on probable evacuation routes for elements of the control post or the approach of enemy reserves. The main landing forces attack the enemy from different directions, concentrating their main efforts on capturing the operational part of the control center and group documents combat control and headquarters. At the same time, the operation of communication centers, radio transmitting and receiving centers (points), and automated control of troops and weapons is disrupted.
Objects on the move are destroyed by ambush or air assault operations. Personnel and controls are destroyed and documents are seized.
368. Carrying out the task of capturing hydraulic structures, bridges, crossing facilities or areas convenient for crossing, the landing force, after landing, quickly advances to the designated objective, attacks on the move from different directions on one or both banks, captures these objects and, switching to all-round defense, holds them until approach of his troops.
To support amphibious landing operations, a tactical airborne assault force, after landing, can capture and, with stubborn defense, hold a section of the coastal strip planned for an amphibious landing, prohibit the approach of enemy reserves, part of the forces or in in full force destroy coastal artillery batteries and other fire weapons that prevent amphibious landings, as well as control posts, communications centers and other objects. Tactical airborne landings are carried out immediately before the approach landing ships with amphibious assault units to the shore. The landing operations are supported by fire from fire support ships and air strikes.
369. To capture a pass, a tactical airborne force lands directly on it or on sites (platforms) near the pass, captures the command heights adjacent to it, then goes to the flank and rear of the enemy defending the pass and destroys it. To capture a mountain pass (valley), an assault force usually lands on commanding heights, blocks and destroys the enemy.
370. As the units advancing from the front reach the contact line, the landing commander establishes contact with them, clarifies the location of the meeting points, the procedure for passing units through the combat formations of the landing units, and further joint actions.
Once the artillery fire support line is reached, the commanders of the supporting artillery units communicate with the landing commander (artillery spotter) and begin to carry out tasks in the interests of the landing party. In this case, control of the landing force can be transferred to the commander of the brigade entering the landing zone, and the landing party becomes an element of his battle formation.
Upon reaching the meeting points, troop units entering the landing area identify themselves with established signals. The commanders of the landing units inform the commanders of these units information about the enemy, the position of the landing units, clarify the procedure for passing the landing forces through the combat formations and joint action(replacement of landing units).
After connecting with the forward units of the brigade, the airborne units can act jointly with them or concentrate in the specified area in readiness for further actions.
Upon receiving a combat mission for repeated landing, the units begin to prepare it. In this case, the battalion (company) takes measures to restore the combat effectiveness of the units.
371. Evacuation of landing troops can be carried out by helicopters directly from a destroyed facility or from the assembly area after completing a combat mission (evacuation). The landing force advances to the evacuation area in pre-battle order; security or cover units are deployed at dominant heights and possible enemy advance routes. First of all, the loading and landing of mortar and artillery units is carried out.
The actions of the landing force and helicopters during the evacuation are led by the landing commander.
372. Upon completion of the combat mission, the landing party goes to the designated assembly area (point), connects with the non-landed part of the battalion (company), comes at the disposal of its commander, and measures are taken to restore combat effectiveness.
373. Units assigned to a tactical airborne assault force are provided with missiles, ammunition, food, personal protective equipment and other materiel for the entire duration of operations behind enemy lines (fulfillment of a combat mission).
Replenishment of ammunition and other materiel during operations can be carried out by units army aviation, while return flights carry out the evacuation of the wounded and sick, and also organize the use of weapons, ammunition and other material captured from the enemy.
Chapter Seven
ACTIONS OF A BATTALION (COMPANY)
Parachute jumping from a Mi-8T (Mi-8MT) helicopter
Landing from a Mi-8 helicopter is permitted with all types of landing and sport parachutes through the cargo hatch at helicopter flight speeds from 140 to 200 km/h with fall stabilization of 3 seconds or more. The locking of the rings of the stabilizer feathers with the rings of the chamber of the stabilizing system is done with a SHB-20 cord in two folds.
The landing equipment of the helicopter includes: seats for paratroopers; two PRP cables stretched along the sides of the cargo compartment; light and sound alarm; fencing of the cargo hatch opening with a passage blocked by a flap.
To guide the actions of parachutists and release them from the helicopter, a releaser and his assistant are assigned to the ship group. The issuer in the cargo compartment is located at the entrance door on a seat located near the cockpit; The assistant's place is on the seat near the railing on the starboard side.
The ship's group consists of 16 people. The ship's group boards the helicopter through the entrance door of the cargo cabin, with the first to enter the paratroopers placed on the starboard seats, led by the release assistant, followed by the paratroopers placed on the port side seats, in the order of the jump. The releaser enters the helicopter last (Fig. 8.9).
After the helicopter takes off and climbs to a height of 200 m, the crew commander gives the command “Engage the carbines.” The releaser hooks the carabiners of the chambers of the stabilizing parachute systems to the PRP cables and tucks the slack of the stabilizer feathers under the valves of the backpacks. The engagement is carried out by the latches of the carabiners to the sides of the helicopter's cargo compartment. The stabilizer feathers are threaded to the issuer by a paratrooper located on the left side seat near the front door. After this, the releaser reports to the crew commander about the readiness of the ship group for landing, hooking the carbine of his parachute to the PRP cable on the left side of the helicopter.
in the cargo compartment during flight; during landing;. At this command, the paratroopers located on the left side seats stand up, go out to the middle of the cargo compartment, turn to face the helicopter’s cargo hatch and assume a position of full readiness to separate from the helicopter. The release assistant, getting up from his seat, approaches the cargo hatch fencing, removes the fencing passage flap from the latch, lowers it down and fixes it in the lowered position. With his right hand, the assistant holds the first paratrooper on the left side until the command “Go.”
The command “Go” is given by a siren sound that lasts for the length of the landing series and the green lamp is turned on. At this command, the release assistant releases parachutists located on the left side at intervals of 3 - 4 seconds (Fig. 8.10). As the paratroopers on the left side leave the helicopter, the releaser approaches the fence.
By this time, the paratroopers located on the starboard seats stand up from their seats, turn to face the cargo hatch and prepare to separate from the helicopter. After all the parachutists on the left side (except for the releaser) leave the helicopter, the releaser’s assistant leaves the helicopter, followed by the paratroopers located on the starboard side. Their exit from the helicopter is directed by the releaser, who makes the last jump.
To leave the helicopter, the paratroopers approach the edge of the cargo hatch and, with a slight push of their feet (Fig. 8.10), separate from the helicopter, grouping themselves face down (Fig. 8.11).
8.2.3. Making parachute jumps from an An-26 aircraft
From the An-26 aircraft, personnel can be parachuted using landing parachute systems at flight speeds from 260 to 400 km/h with stabilization of 3 seconds or more. The locking of the rings of the stabilizer feathers with the rings of the chamber of the stabilizing system is carried out using the SHB-20 cord in one addition.
To ensure the landing of personnel in the cargo cabin of the aircraft there is landing equipment:
Seats located on the sides of the cargo cabin of the aircraft;
PRP cables on the sides of the aircraft;
Mechanism for cleaning traction ropes;
Release guard on the edge of the cargo hatch;
Fence leaf;
Extension cord for release;
Light signaling – yellow, green and red lampshades;
Sound alarm - siren.
The maximum number of paratroopers placed on the aircraft is 30 people (15 people each along the right and left sides). The landing is carried out in one stream.
To monitor the preparation for the jump and the release of paratroopers from the aircraft, a releaser and an assistant releaser are appointed. To board the plane, the ship group is divided into two subgroups (Fig. 8.12). Boarding the plane is done through the cargo hatch. The release assistant enters the plane first to direct the placement of paratroopers in the cargo compartment, the release assistant enters last.
The first to enter the plane is a subgroup placed on the left side seats. Parachutists enter the plane in the reverse order of the jump and take seats, starting from the cockpit. The second group enters, placed on the starboard seats; the seats are handled in the same way, starting from the cockpit. The releaser is located on the starboard seat closest to the cargo hatch; assistant - opposite the releaser on the left side seat. After the aircraft takes off at an altitude of 200 m, at the command of the aircraft crew commander, the releaser and the assistant stand up and hook the carabiners of the cameras of the parachute stabilizing systems onto the PRP cables so that the latches of the carabiners are facing inside the cargo compartment. The releaser engages the carbines of the cameras of the stabilizing systems of the paratroopers of the right subgroup, and the releaser's assistant engages the carbines of the left subgroup. After the engagement is completed, the assistant takes his place, and the releaser checks that the carbines are properly engaged and the stabilizer feathers are tucked under the right valves of the parachute packs. Then he hooks the assistant's stabilizing system camera carabiner to the PRP cable running along the left side of the aircraft. The assistant hooks the release carabiner onto the extension ring attached to the starboard side of the aircraft at the release point.
At the signal “Get ready” (a short siren sound and the yellow lamp turning on), the paratroopers stand up, remove the seats, turn towards the cargo hatch, tuck the stabilizer feathers under the right valve of the parachute pack for the paratroopers in front and take the ready position to separate from the aircraft. The plane's cargo hatch opens; the starboard paratroopers go out to the middle of the cargo compartment, and the paratroopers of the left subgroup are placed along their side, without interfering with the movement of the starboard paratroopers.
At the signal “Go”, the releaser opens the fence sash. The paratroopers on the starboard side are the first to leave the plane, separating at intervals of 0.6-0.8 seconds. The release of the right subgroup is carried out by the release assistant; After the last parachutist separates, the assistant leaves the plane himself.
Then the left subgroup lands. The releaser, having completed the release of parachutists on the left side, moves the fence flap and leaves the plane last.
When separating from the aircraft, the parachutist must tilt his body forward, group well, push off from the edge of the cargo hatch with his right or left foot, tuck his legs and take him in the air flow horizontal position face down (Fig. 8 13).
Input-output control tests
Question No. 2. What are the requirements for the size of the area to carry out descents using the parachute-free method of landing?
Question No. 3. Training descents with a descent device are allowed to be performed on the site at a wind speed of no more than:
Question No. 4. Training descents with a descent device in a forest area are allowed to be performed on the site at a wind speed of no more than:
Question No. 5. Persons authorized to perform descents are permitted to perform training or training descents with a descent device during a flight shift in the amount of no more than:
Question No. 6. Everyone descending and releasing when performing descents with a descending device must have with them:
Question No. 7. Paratroopers trained on one type of helicopter are allowed to descend from other types of helicopters:
Question No. 8. The descent of paratroopers and various cargoes using descent devices, in the absence of communication between the helicopter commander and the releasers:
Question No. 9. Launchings are permitted:
Question No. 10. Launching is permitted at any air and water temperature in the following cases:
Question No. 11. In cases where a paratrooper gets stuck while descending with a descent device, he must first of all:
Question No. 12. In cases where a paratrooper gets stuck while descending with a descent device, how should he report the current situation:
Question No. 13. In cases where a paratrooper gets stuck while descending with a descent device, what signal does the paratrooper use to indicate readiness for evacuation:
Question No. 14. In cases where a paratrooper hangs while descending with a descent device, the helicopter commander makes a decision:
Question No. 15. In cases where a paratrooper hangs while descending with a descent device, when making a decision to take the paratrooper to a safe place, the helicopter commander must comply with the requirements:
Question No. 16. The trigger device is:
Question No. 17. In cases where a paratrooper hangs while descending with a descent device, the helicopter commander, when deciding to lower the paratrooper to the ground by lowering the helicopter, the releaser notifies the paratrooper about this:
Question No. 18. Who makes the decision to cancel aerial training:
Question No. 19. The air training leader must:
Question No. 20. Who approves the airfield traffic plan?
Question No. 21. Which law enforcement helicopters have a coaxial rotor system?
Question No. 22. Length of the fastrope device:
Question No. 23. A climbing descender is:
Question No. 24. Which of the following factors is not a special case during landing?
Question No. 25. Dimensions of the landing area for the Mi-8 helicopter:
Question No. 26. Is it allowed to transport troops with weapons and special means in combat condition?
Question No. 28. The height of descent from a helicopter with special equipment, weapons (cargo) to an unprepared site using climbing equipment:
Question No. 29. The height of descent from a helicopter with special equipment, weapons (cargo) to an unprepared site using a “fastrope” high-speed descent device:
Question No. 30. Approach and departure from helicopters with a tail rotor such as Mi-8, AS-355, R44 and other aircraft of similar design should only be carried out?
The landing is carried out next. ways:
parachute (no platforms required, but troop training required; warhead or weapons may be dropped)
landing
combined (a platform is required; one part is performed by parachutists, the other part by landing)
27. Contents of the combat order for the conduct of combat operations by an air unit.
The combat order strictly states the following points:
Brief conclusions from the assessment of the enemy, the grouping and nature of the actions of the ground forces, the grouping and nature of the actions of enemy aviation and air defense in the air regiment's operating zone.
Conclusions from the assessment of the situation are the basis for making decisions on military operations.
The task of the regiment, which is taken from the combat order of the senior commander.
The task of neighbors, the procedure for the use of forces and means by the senior commander in the interests of the unit’s action, the procedure for interaction with them and neighbors.
The plan for military operations, which is taken from the decision and stated after the word “decided”
Flight life, combat voltage, number of missiles and their distribution among missions are indicated.
Time and degree of combat readiness for departure.
Control order (control points, order of their movement).
28. Purpose and combat missions of the aircraft.
IA is one of the main means of combating enemy air; its main purpose is to destroy enemy air attack weapons in flight in close cooperation with air defense artillery.
IA can be used to destroy enemy ground targets and conduct aerial reconnaissance.
Main goals:
covering the most important facilities, regions of the country, and troop groups from attacks by enemy air attacks and aerial reconnaissance;
destruction of enemy air in air battles for air supremacy;
ensuring combat operations of units and subunits of other types of aviation;
destruction of electronic reconnaissance aircraft, air command posts, and jammer aircraft;
fight against enemy airborne assaults.
29. Basic battle formations. Composition, types and forms b. Orders of magnitude
The order of battle is the relative arrangement in the air of crews, subunits, and units for the joint execution of combat missions. The order of battle is determined by the commander.
The order of battle must ensure:
the best conditions for searching, detecting and attacking the target
possibility of using maneuver in direction, height and speed
interaction between crews
the least damage from enemy influence
simplicity and reliability of control
convenience and safety of piloting.
Battle formations can be:
closed (a single flight mode and minimum permissible distance, intervals and excesses are established according to flight safety conditions);
open (the uniform flight mode of aircraft is maintained at increased distances, intervals, elevations within visual visibility - 1.5-2 km)
dispersed (a different flight mode can be set, it is carried out out of visual visibility between aircraft).
When flying in closed and open combat formations, various forms of combat formations are used: column, bearing, wedge, front and snake.