What are figurative expressions in Krylov's fables? Figurative expression. Definitions. Examples What is a figurative expression examples

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In this article we will consider in detail what a figurative expression is. What is the meaning, how are they used, let’s look at examples with a detailed interpretation of such statements.

Interpretation and definition

So, figurative expressions are units of speech that are primarily used in a figurative sense. When translating into another language, as a rule, additional clarification is required. On the other hand, the following interpretation can also be given: figurative expressions are widely used apt words, expressions, sayings, speeches, quotes from historical figures, literary characters, which over time have become household names.

This kind of sayings have become part of our daily lives so long ago and so strongly, and it seems that they were invented by the people. But this fact is not always plausible. Figurative expression is a powerful tool not only in everyday life, but also in literary works; their use adds unsurpassed flavor.

Thanks to remarkable bibliographers and literary scholars, books have been collected and published that tell the reader about the primary sources of the emergence and use of sayings of this kind. Thanks to the uniqueness of such books, every person will be able to enrich and increase the expressiveness of their speech, master and give new breath to the rich heritage of the past.

Folk expressions

• You should learn to understand figurative expression. For a better and deeper understanding, some of them should be examined.
• For example, hanging your nose. In other words, you can say “to be sad, to be sad.”
• Or drive a wedge. This expression can be interpreted as “to deliberately quarrel, create a quarrel between someone.”
• Speak hand in hand. That is, interfere with doing something or prevent you from concentrating.
• Or - give free rein to your tongue. In other words, talk a lot, speak out, tell something painful or, conversely, give away secrets and secrets.
• Give me a light. You can say: shout, punish, point out shortcomings.
• Look for the wind in the field. This means the following: irretrievable loss of something or someone with a hopeless outcome.
• For example, this expression: hand in hand. This expression is usually used to describe a happy married couple. They go hand in hand through life.

Figurative expressions in literature

A figurative expression summarizes various phenomena in people's lives. Such short sayings are passed down from generation to generation. The mode of transmission is not only an everyday form of communication, but also literary works. Various features in the environment, in the manifestation of any actions. For example, if you hurry, you will make people laugh. I picked up the tug, don’t say it’s not strong. Dear ones scold - they just amuse themselves.

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin admired folk sayings, sayings, proverbs, which can also be classified as figurative expressions. “Oh, what’s the point! What gold!” These were the sayings of the Russian poet. Sholokhov wrote about this: “The greatest wealth of the people is language!” Folk expressions have accumulated over thousands of years, and they live in words.

In fact, such statements are a storehouse of wisdom of the people themselves. They very often express truths that have stood the test of time. Figurative words and expressions are often used in public speech; their use in the introduction or conclusion can be one of the ways of argumentation, but we should not forget that the use of statements of this kind depends on the relevance of the situation. In order for words to be expressive and images to be emotionally charged, figurative expressions are often used.

Conclusion

Summarizing the above, I would like to note the importance of figurative statements. They are constantly used unchanged, in other words, they can be classified as stable forms. If you change the wording, this statement may lose its deep meaning. Lotman, in his book Lectures on Structural Poetics, wrote: “The statue of Apollo in a museum does not look naked, but try to tie a tie around its neck, and it will amaze you with its indecency.” Figurative statements are not created in the process of conversation, but are used as ready-made and unchanged, this happens from generation to generation. They are rich in their composition, origin and stylistic possibilities, which allows them to convey a large semantic volume with minimal means and do it so emotionally and expressively. Peshkovsky wrote: “These are living words! Animating everything to which they are attached! Their use will allow everyone to make their speech unique and individual.

Familiarity with phraseological units is one of the means of improving the culture and development of speech of primary schoolchildren.

We began our work on enriching the phraseological stock with the selection of phraseological units. The following were taken into account:

– level of class preparedness;

– frequency of use of phraseological units in speech;

– correspondence to the material studied in lessons and in the group lesson “In the World of Words”.

To get acquainted with phraseological units and their signs, we used various techniques. The most effective of them is to clarify the meaning of phraseological units in the context of the works being studied during reading lessons.

- In general, somewhere, so to speak
It's very close.
Just here close at hand,
In short. (S. Mikhalkov)

“When early spring comes, I’ll make you some green cabbage soup from nettles.” Do you know which ones?

- Which ones?

– Real jam! (E. Shim “Very harmful nettle”)

“One day I sat and sat and out of the blue I suddenly thought of something that even surprised me.” (V. Dragunsky. “...Would”)

“What, Ivanushka is not happy?
Why did you hang your head?” (P. Ershov)

Of particular interest to the children are exercises in which drawings help to understand the meaning of phraseological units.

Children are happy to “create” phraseological units themselves based on the drawing and reference words.

The components of individual phraseological fusions (we do not use the term “fusion”) are not clear to students ( sharpen your lasses, hit your ass, get into trouble like the apple of your eye, etc..). In such cases, we find out not only the meaning of the phraseological unit, but also the meaning of the incomprehensible word included in its composition.

An important stage of phraseological work is learning the ability to use a phraseological dictionary. Together with the children, we create an algorithm for searching phraseological units in the dictionary. From the second grade, children use the phraseological dictionary of Stavskaya G.M. “Learning to understand figurative expressions”, “Phraseological dictionary - reference book of the Russian language” Grabchikova E.S., “School phraseological dictionary”. Zhukova V.P.

Russian language lessons play a major role in enriching students’ phraseological stock. When studying program material, the content of many of the exercises we offer consists of phraseological units (see Appendix No. 1)

Phraseological work will be more effective if interdisciplinary connections are used. For example, in the lessons of the surrounding world, when studying the organs of the human body, we select phraseological units, the components of which are words: eyes, tongue, ears, nose, teeth, etc. And in the lesson “In the world of words” we group them under the humorous name “Glasaria” ”, “Ushariya”, “Zubaria”, “Nosaria”, etc.

In mathematics lessons, when studying the multiplication table, we introduce phraseological units as two by two is four), we find out the meaning, come up with a situation for using this phraseological unit. And in a group lesson or at home, children select phraseological units with other numbers.

(Once - twice and I worked up a sweat, with three boxes, like the back of my hand, etc.)

The next stage of work on phraseological units is the selection of synonyms and antonyms. Using a dictionary, children find out the meaning of phraseological units (the cat cried, with a gulkin’s nose, a drop in the ocean, soul to soul - like a cat and a dog, etc.) and come to the conclusion about the existence of phraseological units - synonyms and antonyms.

Of particular interest to our students is the etymology of phraseological units, most of which are associated with the history of the Russian people, their customs, work activities, and everyday life (after the rain on Thursday, sharpen the lasses without a hitch, slurp without salt, etc.) Third-graders can easily study etymological references. In a group lesson, they talk about the history of the origin of phraseological units of interest. For example, this is what children learned about phraseology chase a quitter in the dictionary of G. M. Stavskaya.

In the 19th century, the doctor Christian Ivanovich Lodyr lived and worked in Moscow. Your sick

(and his patients were obese patients) he treated them with mineral water and forced them to walk quickly around the garden. Muscovites saw how Lodyr “chased” his patients, but considered it a waste of time. This is where the expression comes from chase a quitter.

In order for the assimilation of phraseological units to proceed more effectively, the following types of training exercises are necessary:

a) finding phraseological units in the text and dictionary;

b) finding out the lexical meaning;

c) distinguishing phraseological units from free combinations;

d) selection of synonyms and antonyms;

e) replacing words and phrases with phraseological units;

f) finding and correcting errors in the use of phraseological units;

g) composing phrases and sentences. (Appendix No. 2).

The result of mastering phraseological units is the creative work of students. Children enjoy making drawings, composing rhymes, and composing dialogues. For example, here are ditties from fourth-grader Lissa S.:

I need to be quiet in class
Mishka, my neighbor, said,
That he will return my chip
After the rain on Thursday.
And my friend Masha
I was really let down.
I'm at the bus stop
Lost hour I was waiting yesterday.

The essay is a miniature by Alina B., it uses five phraseological units.

One day the whole family and I were at a fair. There are a lot of people there dark darkness, well just there is nowhere for the apple to fall. Music is playing, mummers are dancing, and there are so many sweets that it’s easy eyes widen. We bought a huge cake. And while my mother carried him home, I I swallowed my saliva. And at home with pleasure grabbed him by both cheeks.

Processing fairy tales is U. Lisa’s favorite thing; in the fairy tale she used 10 phraseological units.

Ryabka hen.

Once upon a time there lived a grandfather and a woman. And they had Ryaba chicken. And then one day out of the blue, The hen laid an egg for them. Yes, not simple, but golden. Grandfather with all my might beat - beat, did not break. Woman what to eat beat - beat, did not break. And the mouse rushed headlong, waved her tail, the egg fell and shattered to pieces. Grandma is crying in three streams, at my grandfather's wet eyes, and the mouse even though the grass won't grow And there's no air in my mouth. Old people are crying and dying. And the chicken clucks: “Don’t cry, grandma, don’t cry, grandpa.” I'll lay an egg for you in no time not golden, but simple.”

We consider the discussion of students’ creative works to be an important point in working on phraseological units. Essays and rhymes are read out (at the request of the children) and discussed. By analyzing the work of classmates, children better remember phraseological units and understand the scope of their use.

Systematic work on phraseological units gives a lot to students. Younger schoolchildren learn to memorize phraseological units, understand their figurative nature and reproduce them in speech.

The use of phraseological units activates students' mental activity in the classroom, promotes a deeper understanding of the works being studied, better understanding of spelling and grammatical topics, and expands students' knowledge about the history of their people.

Literature.

1. Vvedenskaya L.A., Baranov M.T., Gvozdarev Yu.A.. Russian word. A manual for students - M., 1987.

2. Gvozdarev N.A. Stories about Russian phraseology. – M., 1988.

3. Grabchikova E.S. Phraseological dictionary - a reference book of the Russian language. – Minsk. 2000.

4. Zhukov V.P., Sidorenko M.I., Shklyarov V.T. Dictionary of phraseological synonyms of the Russian language - M., 1987

5. Kolycheva G.Yu. Some methods of work to enrich the phraseological stock of junior schoolchildren // Elementary school - 1995 - No. 10.

6. Lobchuk E.I. Mastering phraseological units // Primary school – 1990 – No. 12.

7. Molotkov A.I. Phraseological dictionary of the Russian language. – M., 1978.

8. Stavskaya G.M. Learning to understand figurative expressions: Phraseological dictionary // Manual for elementary school students - M., 2002.

9. Shansky N.M., Zimin V.I., Filippov A.V. Experience of an etymological dictionary of Russian phraseology. – M., 1987.

10. Yarantsev R.I., Gorbacheva I.I. Collection of exercises on Russian phraseology. – M., 1987.

Figurative expressions

units of speech used figuratively. In translation, a separate translation decision is usually required, i.e. act as translation units.

Explanatory translation dictionary. - 3rd edition, revised. - M.: Flinta: Science.

L.L. Nelyubin.

2003.

See what “figurative expressions” are in other dictionaries: Idioms

See what “figurative expressions” are in other dictionaries: winged words Terms and concepts of linguistics: Vocabulary. Lexicology. Phraseology. Lexicography

- Figurative expressions from the works of writers and poets, used in oral and written speech: All ages are submissive to love (A. Pushkin) ... Dictionary of linguistic terms T.V. Foal

Catchphrase- Winged words (tracing paper from the German Geflügelte Worte, which, in turn, is a tracing paper from the Greek ἔπεα πτερόεντα phrase found in Homer) is a stable phraseological unit of a figurative or aphoristic nature, included in the vocabulary from ... ... Wikipedia Winged words

- stable, aphoristic, usually figurative expressions that have come into general use from or on the basis of a certain folklore, literary, journalistic or scientific source (apt sayings of outstanding public figures,... ... Pedagogical speech science

People of good will- People of good will is a popular expression in Russian and other languages, dating back to the Greek. ἐπὶ γῆς εἰρήνη ἐν ἀνθρώποις εὐδοκία (lat. in terra pax hominibus bonae voluntatis, in the Russian synodal translation: “... peace on earth, in men... ... Wikipedia

Catchphrase- People of good will is a popular expression in Russian and other languages, dating back to the Greek. ἐπὶ γῆς εἰρήνη ἐν ἀνθρώποις εὐδοκία (lat. in terra pax hominibus bonae voluntatis, in the Russian synodal translation: “... peace on earth, in men... ... Wikipedia

Popular expression- People of good will is a popular expression in Russian and other languages, dating back to the Greek. ἐπὶ γῆς εἰρήνη ἐν ἀνθρώποις εὐδοκία (lat. in terra pax hominibus bonae voluntatis, in the Russian synodal translation: “... peace on earth, in men... ... Wikipedia

- Catchphrases, catchwords, catchphrases as defined by TSB, “widely used apt words, figurative expressions, sayings of historical figures, short quotes, names of mythological and literary characters that have become household names”... Wikipedia- People of good will is a popular expression in Russian and other languages, dating back to the Greek. ἐπὶ γῆς εἰρήνη ἐν ἀνθρώποις εὐδοκία (lat. in terra pax hominibus bonae voluntatis, in the Russian synodal translation: “... peace on earth, in men... ... Wikipedia

Catchphrases

• Winged words: Literary quotes. Figurative expressions, Ashukin N. S., Ashukina M. G. Winged words serve as a powerful means of figurative and expressive literary speech. Many of them have entered our everyday life so long ago that it seems that the people themselves invented them. The authors of this wonderful... Buy for 470 rubles
• Conversations based on pictures. Idioms. Federal State Educational Standard, Shorygina T. A.. In the manual you will find common and easy-to-understand catchphrases for older preschoolers and younger schoolchildren. These are figurative statements that came into speech from artistic...

1. Name the works that you remember. Who is their author?

Kitten by L. Tolstoy, Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish by A. Pushkin.

2. You have already become acquainted with folk tales. Now you have learned that a writer or poet can come up with a fairy tale. We say this is a literary fairy tale.

3. Have you ever come across the word illustrator? This is an artist who makes drawings - illustrations for literary works.

For example, to “The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish.”

A.S. Pushkin's drawings were made by the famous book artist V.V. Pertsov.

An oral task that does not require a response.

4. What works of A. S. Pushkin, I. A. Krylov, L. N. Tolstoy were you familiar with before? Name it. Tell me one of them.

I am familiar with the fairy tales of A.S. Pushkin, fables of Krylov and Tolstoy.

5. What figurative expressions from the stories you read did you remember and can you explain their meaning?

Time for business, time for fun.

And Vaska listens and eats. From the fable “The Cat and the Cook” by I. A. Krylov.

And the casket simply opened. From the fable “Larchik” by I. A. Krylov.

6. Read another excerpt from the novel “Eugene Onegin” by A. S. Pushkin.

Compare this poem with the poem on page 89. Think about the theme they share. Are the winter pictures in them the same? How are they different? Where did the poet observe winter: in the city, in the village?

In the first excerpt from the novel Eugene Onegin, Pushkin describes a winter night in the city. We can guess this from the mention of houses, gates and shopping arcades. This is not a big provincial town.

In the poem "Winter" Pushkin describes a winter day and a village. We see a peasant on a horse and a boy playing with a dog and a sled.

The difference between these poems is not only in the description of a winter day and a winter night, but also in the mood that they convey. In the first excerpt, the bitter frost, dark houses and silent screams convey peace and tranquility. In the second poem we rejoice at a beautiful winter day, having fun with a boy, a peasant and a horse.

7. Can you say what is unusual about the fairy tale about the goldfish?

At first glance, Pushkin's fairy tale "About the Fisherman and the Fish" is no different from ordinary fairy tales. We have a magical assistant who, in gratitude for his salvation, performs various miracles. We have a greedy old woman who turns out to be punished at the end of the fairy tale, that is, formally we can talk about the victory of good over evil.

However, let's not forget that the main character of the fairy tale is the old man who saved the goldfish and for whom it performed its miracles. The old man in this fairy tale did not receive anything; he lived with his old woman in a dilapidated hut, and remained in it at the end of the fairy tale.

The unusual thing about this tale is that another, generally positive character, is also responsible for the sins of one person. And this also happens because in his fairy tale Pushkin raises issues of relationships in the family, with irony, but nonetheless.

8. Have you ever been left with nothing? Come up with your own story on this topic. Write it down in your Workbook.

I, like many people, have a very large number of desires. I want everything at once. However, one day I realized: we need to balance our desires with our capabilities.

I signed up for boxing, became interested in football and dancing. Then I wanted to draw and ended up in an art school. I decided to become a singer - I joined the choir. I had difficulty attending almost all classes.

But a boxing competition, a choir performance (I was already a soloist), and a football match were scheduled for one day. I couldn’t choose where to perform... And “I was left with nothing.”

9. Determine the main thoughts of the fables read by I. A. Krylov. Name figurative words and expressions from his fables that we often use in speech. Why are they called winged?

In second grade we were introduced to Krylov's fables "The Dragonfly and the Ant" and "The Swan, the Crayfish and the Pike."

The main idea of ​​the fable "The Dragonfly and the Ant" is that you should always take care of your future. The main idea of ​​the fable “The Swan, the Crayfish and the Pike” is that any business must be done together, with common efforts.

In Krylov's fables there are many catchphrases that we often use in our speech, without even thinking that these phrases belong to the pen of the great writer.

For example, the phrase from the fable “The Swan, the Crayfish and the Pike” “And the cart is still there” is often said when they want to say that something has not moved forward.

10. With a friend, recall examples from life when the following proverbs can be used:

“One for all and all for one” - Vasya argues with Petya, and all of Vasya’s friends took his side.

“The brave is not the one who does not know fear, but the one who knows and goes to meet it” - the brave is not a super hero who has no fears, but an ordinary boy who knows his fears and tries to overcome them.

“Literacy will always come in handy” - a person who has studied a lot will always find this knowledge useful.

“Friends are known in trouble” - Vasya helped Misha get up when he fell in front of the whole class, and everyone was laughing.

11. Name the works you have read to which these proverbs apply.

The proverb “One for all and all for one” fits the following works: Russian folk tale “Turnip”, Russian folk tale “The Frog Princess”.

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In this article we will consider in detail what a figurative expression is. What is the meaning, how are they used, let’s look at examples with a detailed interpretation of such statements.

So, figurative expressions are units of speech that are primarily used in a figurative sense. When translating into another language, as a rule, additional clarification is required. On the other hand, the following interpretation can also be given: figurative expressions are widely used apt words, speeches, quotes from historical figures, literary characters, which over time have become household names.

So, figurative expressions are units of speech that are primarily used in a figurative sense. When translating into another language, as a rule, additional clarification is required. On the other hand, the following interpretation can also be given: figurative expressions are widely used apt words, expressions, sayings, speeches, quotes from historical figures, literary characters, which over time have become household names.

This kind of sayings have become part of our daily lives so long ago and so strongly, and it seems that they were invented by the people. But this fact is not always plausible. Figurative expression is a powerful tool not only in everyday life, but also in literary works; their use adds unsurpassed flavor.

Thanks to remarkable bibliographers and literary scholars, books have been collected and published that tell the reader about the primary sources of the emergence and use of sayings of this kind. Thanks to the uniqueness of such books, every person will be able to enrich and increase the expressiveness of their speech, master and give new breath to the rich heritage of the past.

Folk expressions

• You should learn to understand figurative expression. For a better and deeper understanding, some of them should be examined.
• For example, hanging your nose. In other words, you can say “to be sad, to be sad.”
• Or drive a wedge. This expression can be interpreted as “to deliberately quarrel, create a quarrel between someone.”
• Speak hand in hand. That is, interfere with doing something or prevent you from concentrating.
• Or - give free rein to your tongue. In other words, talk a lot, speak out, tell something painful or, conversely, give away secrets and secrets.
• Give me a light. You can say: shout, punish, point out shortcomings.
• Look for the wind in the field. This means the following: irretrievable loss of something or someone with a hopeless outcome.
• For example, this expression: hand in hand. This expression is usually used to describe a happy married couple. They go hand in hand through life.

Figurative expressions in literature

A figurative expression summarizes various phenomena in people's lives. Such short sayings are passed down from generation to generation. The mode of transmission is not only an everyday form of communication, but also literary works. Various features in the environment, in the manifestation of any actions. For example, if you hurry, you will make people laugh. I picked up the tug, don’t say it’s not strong. Dear ones scold - they just amuse themselves.

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin admired folk sayings, sayings, proverbs, which can also be classified as figurative expressions. “Oh, what’s the point! What gold!” These were the sayings of the Russian poet. Sholokhov wrote about this: “The greatest wealth of the people is language!” Folk expressions have accumulated over thousands of years, and they live in words.

In fact, such statements are a storehouse of wisdom of the people themselves. They very often express truths that have stood the test of time. Figurative words and expressions are often used in public speech; their use in the introduction or conclusion can be one of the ways of argumentation, but we should not forget that the use of statements of this kind depends on the relevance of the situation. In order for words to be expressive and images to be emotionally charged, figurative expressions are often used.

Conclusion

Summarizing the above, I would like to note the importance of figurative statements. They are constantly used unchanged, in other words, they can be classified as stable forms. If you change the wording, then this statement may lose its meaning. Lotman in his book “Lectures on Structural Poetics” wrote: “The statue of Apollo in the museum does not look naked, but try to tie a tie around its neck, and it will amaze you with its indecency.” Figurative statements are not created in the process of conversation, but are used as ready-made and unchanged, this happens from generation to generation. They are rich in their composition, origin and stylistic possibilities, which allows them to convey a large semantic volume with minimal means and do it so emotionally and expressively. Peshkovsky wrote: “These are living words! Animating everything to which they are attached! Their use will allow everyone to make their speech unique and individual.