What do children need to know about the environment? Ecology for the little ones. The most dangerous Olympic Games

Our world is very fragile and beautiful. The nature around us is perfect and amazes with its charm. But a person often does not notice this and destroys his habitat.

Ecology is the science of the laws of nature and the interactions of living organisms with each other. Ecology also refers to the state of the environment. Recently, people think less and less about the planet Earth, pollute it and forget about the consequences of their actions. Therefore, it is very important to tell children about ecology.

When we talk about the ecological situation, we are talking not only about the picture as a whole, but also about the behavior of an individual. When one person throws out a piece of paper in the forest, he thinks that it's okay, she's alone. But if a huge number of people think the same way, then the forest will simply turn into a garbage dump. What can we say about plastic bags and cigarette butts, which will decompose for hundreds of years.

It is impossible to change the image of all people. But you can change your child's behavior. Parents should understand that ecology is as important for children as mathematics, literature, history. Ecological thinking cannot be forced, but it can be made into a habit. The sooner mom and dad start educating children about ecology, the sooner the crumbs understand that it is necessary to think about the world around us and protect nature, the more likely it is that in the future the child will continue this noble cause.

It is impossible to teach a son or daughter to take care of the environment if he does not know why this is necessary. Therefore, you must first have an educational conversation with him. Explain to the child where water comes from, why you can’t litter, what the food chain is. And the best way to teach your baby is to play.

What is ecology for children

Ecology is best studied in the form of a game. An important task of parents is to instill in children a love of nature. Caring for her should become a baby's habit.

When your child knows why minerals are needed, how a person harms the environment, how and what animals and plants eat, then it is easier for him to explain what ecology is and why you need to take care of it. Therefore, it is necessary to tell the child something new every day about the world in which we live.

The level of civilization is rapidly rushing upward according to the principle - more, at any cost, faster, transgressing the law, no matter what. And what do we get as a result? It is becoming more and more difficult for the surrounding nature to cope with the invasion of mankind, the atmosphere is polluted by the exhaust gases of vehicles and smoking chimneys, making it impossible to get even a breath of fresh air.

Deforestation by humans leads to the loss of the habitual habitat of animals and birds, which leads to their death. Soil and water are contaminated with sewage and industrial waste, fertilizers, oil products that destroy all life. Nature does not have time to recover, to heal the wounds that people inflict with thoughtless and barbaric methods, distorting the face of the Earth for the sake of momentary profit.

Ecology is not a children's problem

It is possible and necessary to explain to the child the rules of a competent attitude towards the environment and the consequences of illiterate nature management. You can write a lot of recommendations and works on educating the younger generation of environmental awareness.

But will it be effective if the closest and dearest people whom he believes and imitates burn fires, scatter garbage, destroy rare plants? Maybe you should, first of all, start with yourself, and then any lesson on the topic of ecology will fall on fertile ground.

Maybe a child, armed with knowledge, will be able to change the attitude of adults to the world around him, and with age his convictions will only get stronger and it will be another generation - relating with love to his homeland - planet Earth.

Environmental friendliness of the child

A child, unlike an adult, from birth does not separate himself from the outside world and greedily reaches for all living things, and he has absolutely no thinking of an ecosystem destroyer. It is imperative not to destroy this fragile consciousness of unity with nature, to instill such values ​​as a thrifty attitude towards nature.

After all, the formation of a person with ecological views is possible only from an early age. It is this period that is characterized in a person by the formation of ideas about the world around him and the awareness of the relationship existing in nature.

It is important at the very initial stage to present the child with a personal experience of communicating with nature, since at a tender age children realize the values ​​and norms learned from adults. An adult is the initial model of an ecologically cultured person.

The desire to get closer to the benefits of civilization has isolated most of the planet's population from nature. The world has changed and our children live in a concrete jungle of plastic, glass, metal and asphalt.

But the desire to get closer to the living is still close to every person, so we strive to bring a particle of nature into houses and offices, apartments and service premises in the form of indoor plants, aquariums, pets and birds.

And during the rest we prefer to listen to the birds singing, the murmur of the stream, the sound of the surf and the rustle of leaves. Any convenient moment is used for a walk outside the city, to the zoo, square, or shady yard.

You can use every such moment to attract children to ecological education, beauty and mysteries of nature, so that from early childhood a small person feels a community with her. Every parent knows that clean and fresh air is good for the child, a necessity for healthy development.

Introducing a baby to the rich world of the environment allows an adult to consciously develop his personal qualities, desire and interest in the knowledge of nature, sympathy for the hardships of animal life, compassion.

Such upbringing will reveal for your baby the uniqueness and quirkiness of life forms in nature, instill the need to preserve it, teach you to treat nature with care and respect.

Such an educational method will help you grow a non-egoist out of your child and will not let him feel like the "navel of the Earth", that is, he will have a chance not to get sick with the disease of our time - "egopupism".

A positive experience of communication with nature, combined with knowledge and positive experiences, will cause only good emotions in your child, give a stable psyche and peace of mind. And this is the basis of mental health - a factor that strengthens the body and ensures the physical health of the child.

Some facts about children and ecology

• Unfavorable ecological environmental factors cause more than 60% of cases of acute respiratory diseases, and they cause the annual death of children in the amount of more than 2 million.
• Technogenic loads of a combined type, especially radiation-toxic ones, act as "risk factors" in the development of brain dysfunctions in preschoolers.
• In kindergartens of urban areas, where there is an increased level of pesticide and combined environmental loads, the largest percentage of children with physical development disorders was revealed.
• Adolescents living in cities with high levels of pollution have high blood pressure.

The list of diseases of a different nature caused by poor ecology in children is quite impressive. And parents, first of all, are obliged to take care of the health of their child in moral and physical terms. Ecological education of every citizen of the Earth will become the guarantor of the future of all mankind as a whole.

Introducing a child to the secrets of nature can be carried out both in natural conditions during a walk, and with the help of books, children's programs, films, games, when visiting zoos, natural museums, growing indoor plants and caring for pets.

The amazing and diverse world of indoor plants will arouse the interest of the child, involve him in the process of observation, care, empathy, develop aesthetic and moral qualities in him.

Buy a dog, a kitten, a parrot...

A rare child does not ask for a friend in the form of a pet on his birthday, which can bring joy not only to the baby, but to all family members. This furry or feathered friend is very similar to us - he can walk and swim, climb and run, eat, drink and love, become attached.

It is surprisingly interesting to communicate with any pet, since the specific positive impact on the child cannot be underestimated. The variety of the modern pet market can satisfy the most demanding taste and preferences.

Hamsters, guinea pigs, parrots, fish, cockroaches, turtles, ants - all will become part of wildlife in your home, from the most traditional cats and dogs to the most exotic and rare reptiles.

Watching a TV show and reading a book, walking in the park and watching an anthill in the forest, or walking in the zoo, whichever moment in time you choose to environmental education of children, you can be sure that the lesson will benefit.

Surely your children will not break a branch and kick a puppy, do not crush a bug and pick a flower, do not throw garbage past the bin. By instilling in your child the moral norms of ecological education, you can be sure that the little man and the big nature will be grateful to you for their healthy future.

And your game with an ecological orientation will become the guarantor of an adult, responsible and thrifty attitude towards nature of the Citizen of the Earth.

In a preschool educational institution, it is more appropriate not to educate the child, but to educate him environmentally, preparing him for systematic learning at school. Life experience at this age is based on their own impressions and the rather narrow space of an apartment, kindergarten, courtyard, and the nearest street.

Along with the ecological information explaining what was seen, explanations of the connections of events, the ethical component acquires the main importance at this stage of environmental education. The child is well prepared for the correct perception of himself among other organisms, he feels their equality to himself. Adults try to convince him of this and distort the existing rudiments of the biospheric worldview of a small person. That is why the main task in kindergarten and in the family at this time is to consolidate the correct attitude of the child. It is impossible to instill in him an aggressive attitude towards organisms, even if it is selective, all the more inappropriate to cultivate a squeamish attitude towards our smaller brothers. All of them - and plants including, require a respectful attitude of a person. This will be the basis of environmental education in preschool education.

A person lives in a village house or in a city apartment. Children, moreover, often additionally live in a kindergarten or boarding school. Wherever a child lives, his dwelling or its various parts will be attractive to many organisms. And they will certainly settle there either forever, or will live here in certain seasons. Even a simpler dwelling, such as a bird's nest, is also home to a large number of species of organisms. They inhabit the litter and bottom of the nest, partly live directly on its inhabitants. They are interconnected by various relationships, and each performs a certain "work" in this living complex of species. This is what ecologists call nesting biocenosis.

A human dwelling is spatially organized much more complicated than a nest; many places with peculiar conditions of existence can be distinguished in it. Somewhere it's more humid, somewhere it's darker or warmer, and so on. In this case, ecologists talk about the microclimate.

There is the climate of the room, that is, the totality of its climatic characteristics (temperature, humidity, pressure, illumination, etc.), and there is the climate of some part, for example, behind a steam heating battery. There, almost all elements of this local climate will differ from the climate of an apartment or any other housing. This particular local climate is more suitable for someone, and it is natural that such residents will concentrate in this particular place. Both between the inhabitant of residential premises, and between them and its owner (he is also one of the inhabitants), certain relations develop. Some roommates will be annoying, dangerous, or will win competitive attitudes (for example, eat some products faster) with a person. Such he will call "harmful." Others will help him cope with competitors, or keep his home clean, or save him from diseases, or they may simply turn out to be something pleasant for a person. These he will call "useful."

True, in addition to useful and harmful in an apartment, kindergarten or boarding school, there are also a lot of, in his opinion, organisms that are indifferent to him. Most of all, organisms live there, about which he knows nothing, and does not even know about their presence in his home. All this does not mean that they are indifferent to him. All organisms in this community are closely related to each other and mutually regulate both the number and activity of each other. With the literacy of the owner, he will be able to adjust the composition and properties of the biocenosis of his housing, maintaining optimal conditions for his own living in it. The task of this chapter is not so much to give the educator recipes for managing the biocenosis of his own apartment, but to show the general picture of the functioning of such a community, the diversity of its components and connections. The child must understand that even at home he is part of a large functioning living system, that he, like all other parts, is dependent on this system.

Such an understanding of oneself as part of the world will make it possible to cultivate a biocentric worldview. This will save the future man from arbitrary and destructive actions to change his environment, teach him to respect all organisms around him, understand their functions and use them in his activities. A person brought up in this way will have a new role on the planet. He will cease to be the master and manager of all things, but will become one of the organisms coexisting in the biosphere. Due to the fact that he is endowed with intelligence, he must, together with other organisms, try to optimally maintain the harmony, beauty and diversity of his living world. The high quality of his own life directly depends on this. After all, it is absolutely impossible in an interconnected system for the prosperous existence of one of the species against the background of the deterioration of the lives of others and the general destruction of the system.

For teaching ecology in kindergarten, in addition to the program of such training, manuals for the educator have been published (Erdakov, Ksenz, 2006). In order for the teacher to have illustrations for his studies in ecology, small stories for small children about plants and animals living in the apartment and near it were published to help him. That is, about those with whom children communicate from a very early age, but then, under the influence of others, they begin to treat many of them with disdain. In order to capture a positive attitude towards such organisms, these stories for children were created (Erdakov, Ksenz, 2006; 2007). A textbook for the first grade by A.A. will also be useful for such education. Vakhrusheva et al. (1996). There, just for the initial groups of the kindergarten, the main distinctions are given - living from non-living, plants from animals, etc.

Thus, in the early stages of upbringing, an idea appears of simple rules (ecological axioms) for the coexistence of a person with the organisms surrounding him. It turns out its dependence on its habitat, lays the skills of using simple environmental rules in one's life, as well as the skills of a tactful attitude towards the surrounding organisms. The child learns the basics of environmental ethics, which will subsequently help him get off the path of destruction of the ecological systems in which he is a member.

From the monograph "Continuing Environmental Education (Ecology for the Greens)"

Synopsis OOD

"Ecology - what is it?"

in the preparatory group.

Purpose: to give children an idea of ​​ecology as a science.

Tasks:

1. Teach children to love and protect nature, to use its wealth economically.

2. To form a conscious understanding of the relationships in nature.

3. Clarify and fix the name of animals and plants, their peculiar features.

4. Develop logical thinking, attention, memory, ingenuity.

5. To instill in children a respect for nature, a desire to take care of it, to protect it.

Vocabulary activation: forecast, ecology, catastrophe.

Previous work: familiarization with the life of wild and domestic animals, observing birds, animals, people, wildlife and inanimate nature, establishing relationships

OOD move.

Educator:

Children, I will tell you a story. In one city of France there were a lot of sparrows, they destroyed a lot of grain in the fields, littered the windows, houses, streets of the city with their excrement. And then, people decided to get rid of them. They destroyed the sparrows, but then a lot of mosquitoes divorced, which the sparrows had previously destroyed, they began to bite people, which caused a lot of inconvenience to people. Soon I had to buy sparrows abroad, and this is very expensive. What can you infer from this story? (children's answers). Everything in nature is connected. A person must first think, and then do something. Of course, all these inconveniences could have been avoided. It was just that city leaders needed to consult with scientists who dealt with environmental problems. They are called (scientists) -ecologists.

What are environmental scientists called?

Children's answers.

Educator:

We have repeatedly considered examples of the relationship between animate and inanimate nature, the connection between man and nature. Now we will compete which series will give more examples of the relationship or interdependence of nature and man. For each correct answer you will receive a chip.

Children give examples and get chips. (I'm counting chips)

Having considered all these examples, we were once again convinced that everything in nature is interconnected. The science that studies how plants and animals are related to each other, and how they adapt to life in nature, and how they themselves influence this nature. This science is called ecology. This science not only helps us understand nature, but also teaches us how to preserve it.

The word "ecology" is a Greek word, it came from the two words "ekos" - house and the word "logos" - science. So ecology is the science of the home. But here we mean not a house, an apartment where we live, but a natural home that every living creature has: an animal, a plant, a person, everything that surrounds them in nature. The science of "ecology" studies the connections of living beings with what surrounds them, for example, how animals are connected with plants, other animals, humans, air, water, how some representatives of living beings depend on others, inanimate nature, how they affect each other friend, as depend on nature.

What is the name of this science?

Children's answers.

Remember those animals that sleep in winter?

Children call:

They depend on inanimate nature, that is, the season. We sleep at night, neither animals, nor plants, nor people can do without drinking, that is, water.

What do you think, who are more birds or insects that they feed on?

Children's answers.

Of course there are more insects, if there are fewer of them, then the birds will simply die of hunger. After all, it is not in vain that in the fall, insect-eating birds fly to warm countries. Remember, there are always fewer predators than those they feed on. (an example can be given: hedgehogs. Owls, foxes and mice that they feed on. lynx. lion, etc. and artiodactyls that they attack.

You already know. That many animals, plants in nature are so adapted to defend themselves from enemies. Give examples of these devices.

Children give examples (nettles burn, some weeds look like real plants, skunk emits a pungent smell, cats, lynx, lion - strong teeth, strong paws, claws; artiodactyl animals have hooves, ostrich - strong and fast legs; plants in hot countries have thick leaves where water is collected, long root, etc.)

(children receive chips for each correct answer. Summarize).

Fizkultminutka.

Let's go to the garden, field or meadow -(children walk in place).

We will be nature's true friend!

If we go through the forest,(walking on toes)

Let's sow seeds of kindness everywhere.(children squat, imitate the planting of grains)

These grains will sprout(children rise slowly)

Sing a song to my soul(put hands on chest)

Let's protect nature

And never offend! ( drop their hands)

I think you have heard or seen on TV more than once how, as a result of an accident on a ship carrying oil, it happens that oil spills into the sea. It covers the surface of the water and does not allow air to pass through. As a result, animals die, such as whales, dolphins, fur seals, seagulls, fish, algae, molluscs and other marine life. The inhabitants of the shores will also die, as there is nothing to eat. People will no longer be able to relax here, to fish. Only after many years these places will be cleared of oil, birds, animals, plants will be able to live here again. Such cases are called ecological catastrophes.

Every day, and even several times a day, we listen to the weather on the radio and watch the weather forecast on TV. What does the word "forecast" mean (children's answers). “Forecast”, guys, is a prediction, that is, we are predicted or forecast the weather for a day or even a week in advance. There are also environmental forecasts, this is when ecologists predict what the consequences will be as a result of human intervention in nature. To do this, they use their knowledge, which they receive by exploring nature.

Ecologists, for example, can predict what will happen if:

Dump waste from chemical plants into the river;

Destroy all rodents;

Destroy poisonous mushrooms;

Exterminate birds of prey and animals.

I suggest you play environmental scientists. You will have to name a situation, and the rest of the children will tell what will happen as a result.

- (children offer a problem)

You see how many disasters can be avoided if you know the environmental forecast in advance. man can save himself and all nature from many troubles. And many of them are obtained due to a bad, thoughtless attitude towards nature.

Reflection: what were we talking about today?

What is the significance of the science of ecology?

Children's answers.

That's right, this science helps a person to do the right thing, not to harm himself, to preserve nature.

Reading a poem by D. Zevin.

Before telling children about ecology, you must first talk with them about nature. Nature is the sun, stars, air, water ... These are trees, birds, animals, butterflies ... And man is also part of nature.

But nature is not a random collection of living and non-living objects and phenomena.

Nature is a single house in which everyone needs each other: from the huge Sun to the smallest midge.

And ecology is the science of the laws of life in nature.

Translated from Greek, this word means "ekos" - house, "logos" - science. That is, ecology is the science of the home.

The main law of ecology is that everything is connected with everything.

Nature needs bunnies and wolves, poisonous mushrooms and edible, beautiful butterflies and biting mosquitoes.

And also rain, snow, and clean air.

But a person cannot live without using the riches of nature. And it is ecology that teaches how to use nature without harming it.

For many, many years, people took everything they wanted from nature, without thinking about the consequences.

Therefore, it is not easy for nature now: many different species of animals and plants have disappeared, while others are now on the verge of extinction.

Instead of forests, deserts appeared, lakes and rivers dried up, and even the whole sea - the Aral Sea.

Nature is in trouble and needs help.

Forests, meadows, rivers, lakes are our common home, and animals and plants are our neighbors on planet Earth.

We must live in peace and harmony with our neighbors.

Everything that moves and grows must be treated with care.

Remember the simple rules of behavior in nature:

• Do not catch and do not bring home healthy cubs of forest animals and birds.
• Take care of frogs, toads, tadpoles, they eat a large number of insects that a person has to fight.
• Do not kill any snakes - nature needs them too. (Unless, of course, no one is in mortal danger).
• Do not catch butterflies, dragonflies, beetles, nature needs them too.
• Do not destroy anthills in the forest, ants are the orderlies of the forest.
• Don't break branches on trees.
• Do not leave trash behind in nature.

If all people treat the world of nature around them well, then the Earth will feed man for many, many centuries to come.

Tell your children about ecology and do not forget about it yourself if you want to drink clean water, swim in lakes and rivers, breathe clean air, eat healthy food.

THIS IS INTERESTING

The rarest animals in the world.

Red wolf (Canis rufus) suffered greatly from the prejudices of the farmers of the eastern part of the United States, where he lives. According to farmers, the wolf is the cause of absolutely all livestock damage. In fact, these conclusions were greatly exaggerated. Such intense extermination has led to the almost complete disappearance of red wolves. Of the three subspecies of this species, two have already become extinct, leaving only Critically endangered. This subspecies is listed in the International Red Book. By the beginning of the 21st century, the number of the red wolf was limited to 270 individuals.

Florida cougar (Puma concolor coryi) - the only cougar listed in the Red Book. The main cause of extinction, of course, is man and his activities. This subspecies lives in the USA (Florida).

Far Eastern leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis ) - Another rare animal. Like most endangered species, human activity has become the reason for the decline in the number of these beautiful animals. People who settled on the lands of the Far Eastern leopards drove them out, and the animals that did not want to leave were exterminated. Here is the result: the number of Far Eastern leopards has decreased to 30 individuals in Russia and about 10 in China.

Javan rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus) found only in nature. No one has managed to keep these animals in captivity. And, probably, no one will succeed, because there are less than 60 Javan rhinos left, and illegal hunting for them continues ...

Golden Lemur (Hapalemur aureus), for a long time did not meet researchers, until in the 70s, scientists stumbled upon one population of these animals. Subsequently, several more populations were discovered, but the total number of all golden lemurs endemic to Madagascar does not exceed 130 individuals. These lemurs depend on bamboo, so cutting it down causes great harm to these animals.

Queensland wombat (Lasiorhinus krefftii) - nocturnal herbivorous mammal. The destruction of the natural habitat has led to the fact that the Queensland wombats remained only in a protected area - the National Park of Queensland - in the amount of about 113 individuals.

Blue Macaw (Cyanopsitta spixii) no longer found in the wild. All remaining representatives of this species are kept in captivity by private collectors. The last wild male disappeared not so long ago - in 2000. Attempts to restore the number of blue macaws in their natural environment failed largely due to the fact that the reason for the decrease in the number of birds has not been eliminated - poachers, deforestation and African bees that have occupied hollows for nesting blue macaws. However, work to save the species continues. In 2007, 90 birds were kept in captivity, and in 2010 there were already 105.

Flightless kakapo parrot (Strigops habroptilus) - a representative of nocturnal current birds that lives in New Zealand (its endemic). These birds are becoming extremely rare mainly due to introduced predators (rats, cats and others) and ungulates, as well as human activities. Despite the fact that kakapo are well tolerated in captivity, it is difficult to breed them in captivity, since these birds do not form pairs. To date, there are about 62 kakapo.

Japanese, or red-legged ibis (Nipponia nippon). These birds are so rare that even determining their abundance and conservation status is very difficult. It is known that at the beginning of the 20th century there were about 100 of them. Further information (closer to the 50s) spoke of a sharp decrease in the number (about 27 birds). Data from the 1960s indicate a continuing downward trend in the number of individuals. There is no new data on Japanese ibis, so it is generally accepted that today there are from 6 to 20 individuals of these birds in the world.

Human activity and its careless intervention in natural ecosystems have caused the death of thousands of animal species around the world. The trend is as follows: a much larger number of animal species disappear per year than scientists discover.