Is a certain set of goods and services that provide a comfortable and full-fledged living of a person throughout the year and satisfy his minimum needs. The composition of the consumer basket directly affects the value, which is revised every year depending on the price level.
The current Federal Law "On the Consumer Basket in the Russian Federation as a whole" was adopted by the State Duma on November 20, 2012. Article 1 establishes that the consumer basket is installed at least once every 5 years. That is, this basket should have been revised by the beginning of 2018. However, Article 4 on the validity period was amended by Law No. 421-FZ of December 28, 2017, extending the validity of the "food package" until December 31, 2020 inclusive.
The consumer basket primarily includes food products, which make up about 50% of its cost (for comparison, in Western Europe, this figure does not exceed 20%). It is worth mentioning that the majority of Russian families also spend more than half of the family on food.
The second group includes non-food items - clothing, footwear, hats, underwear, medicines.
Well, the third group of the consumer basket consists of services: utilities, transport costs, cultural events, and so on.
So, if you look at the table below, which presents the products and services included in the consumer basket for 2017, then make sure that, according to the government's calculations, an able-bodied citizen uses 100.4 kg per year. potatoes, 114.6 kg. vegetables, 60 kg. fresh fruit, 126.5 kg. bread and bakery products, 58.6 kg. meat and 18.5 kg of fish products, respectively. Cultural services account for 5% of the total monthly expenses.
What does this mean per person per day? And this means that an ordinary average citizen of the Russian Federation for a normal existence should consume 300 g of bread, potatoes - 280 g, vegetables - 300 g, fresh fruits - 160 g, sweet - 60 g, milk and dairy products per day. food - 800 g, vegetable oils and fats - 40 g. And also 1 time in 2 days to eat one egg, be content with 160 g of meat per day, well, eat 350 g of fish per week. As for cultural development, here an able-bodied Russian citizen has a chance to go to the cinema or theater once a month for his living wage, for more money for these purposes is not provided.
1. Food
Name | unit of measurement | Consumption (average per person per year) | ||
Able-bodied population | pensioners | children | ||
Bread products (bread and pasta in terms of flour, flour, cereals, legumes) | kg | 126,5 | 98,2 | 76,6 |
Potato | kg | 100,4 | 80,0 | 88,1 |
Vegetables and melons | kg | 114,6 | 98,0 | 112,5 |
Fresh fruits | kg | 60,0 | 45,0 | 118,1 |
Sugar and confectionery products in sugar terms | kg | 23,8 | 21,2 | 21,8 |
Meat products | kg | 58,6 | 54,0 | 44,0 |
Fish products | kg | 18,5 | 16,0 | 18,6 |
Milk and dairy products in terms of milk | kg | 290,0 | 257,8 | 360,7 |
Eggs | thing | 210,0 | 200,0 | 201,0 |
Vegetable oil, margarine and other fats | kg | 11,0 | 10,0 | 5,0 |
Other products (salt, tea, spices) | kg | 4,9 | 4,2 | 3,6 |
2. Non-food items
Name | Measurement unit / wear life | Consumption (average per person) | ||
able-bodied population | pensioners | children | ||
Upper coat group | pieces / years | 3/7,6 | 3/8,7 | 3/2,6 |
Upper costume and dress group | pieces / years | 8/4,2 | 8/5,0 | 11/2,0 |
Linen | pieces / years | 9/2,4 | 10/2,9 | 11/1,8 |
Hosiery | couples / years | 7/1,4 | 4/1,9 | 6/1,3 |
Hats and haberdashery | pieces / years | 5/5,0 | 4/5,6 | 4/2,8 |
Shoes | couples / years | 6/3,2 | 6/3,5 | 7/1,8 |
School supplies | pieces / years | 3/1,0 | 3/1,0 | 27/1,0 |
Linens | pieces / years | 14/7,0 | 14/7,0 | 14/7,0 |
Cultural and household goods | pieces / years | 19/10,5 | 19/10,5 | 19/10,5 |
Essentials, Sanitation and Medicines | percent of total spending on non-food items per month | 10 | 15 | 12 |
3. Services
There are various ways to save costs. There are situations when finances run out, and the salary is not soon. In such cases, in order not to overpay extra money, knowledge of how to easily and effectively save on food, what are the rules of an inexpensive diet, and where to buy cheap food will come in handy.
Modern women are trying to save money on food without compromising the quality of food. Housewives come up with many ways, from buying in wholesale stores to preparing dishes according to the recipes of their mothers and grandmothers: from simple products, but with fiction. It is easy to save on food without harming your health, you just need to follow the rules of a reasonable diet. For this:
A modern hostess, having thought, will make a delicious, varied and economical menu. This business requires a systematic approach, desire, imagination. Do not be afraid to spend a lot of time: the most difficult thing is to organize the process, and then it will become a habit. It is worth immediately analyzing the contents of the kitchen. What is useful in the refrigerator, are there fruits, vegetables, eggs, dairy products? Perhaps it makes sense to exclude something from the diet, for example, canned food, sausage, pates? What is stored on the kitchen shelves - cereals or instant noodles?
Then you need to draw up a menu for a week, taking into account culinary preferences, not forgetting that the body needs proteins, vitamins, trace elements, carbohydrates, and fats every day. In order to save money on grocery shopping, it is recommended to do a thorough shopping trip once a week. An additional effect of this will be time savings in the coming days.
Food should be tasty, but how can you save on food? For this, you can use culinary tricks. When buying, it is better to choose a whole chicken rather than a cut one. It is easy to cook soup from the wings and back, and use the meat remaining on the skeleton for a hearty salad like Olivier or pies. The rest of the bird will make, for example, pilaf or chakhokhbili.
For more efficient use of meat, combine it with a side dish in the same dish, rather than cook it separately. Eliminate a la carte dishes: chops are expensive, and lazy cabbage rolls, beef stroganoff, or goulash are cheaper. Use offal instead of meat, such as beef heart filling for casseroles.
If you want to understand how you can easily and effectively save on groceries, try planning a family menu for the week. To do this, set aside an hour of free time to choose dishes and make a list of necessary products. During the week, you will not need to figure out what to cook for dinner, and then run to the nearest store, buying what is in stock.
You can create a menu in a way convenient for you: print the list; manually write; create a template in which to change dishes weekly or add new ones. With this approach, it is important to consider that hot food can be cooked for 2-3 days, for example, soup or roast. Various side dishes can be served with fish or meat products. However, salads are best eaten fresh, they will not take much time to prepare.
The cost of buying groceries is up to 35% of the family budget. If you approach this process efficiently, you can save money. Going to the store, take a pre-prepared list so as not to make a purchase of unnecessary products and do not forget what is needed.
Buy products in factory packaging (vegetable oil, tea, coffee, pasta) where they are cheaper. But for meat, fruits and vegetables, it is better to go to the market or to a trusted store - they are rarely of good quality in cheap hypermarkets.
In stores, promotions are often held, sales - keep track of them, do not miss the opportunity to save money on products.
Buy bulk goods, sweets, cookies, sweets by weight. This way you will not overpay for packaging. This will save up to 20% of the cost on products. It is better to buy sugar and salt in winter, when the conservation season has not come. It is also recommended to take cereals by weight and preferably of domestic production. This approach will save family money.
Making a shopping list for a month is not as daunting task as it might seem. To do this, within 2-3 months, you need to record information about what, how much, at what price it was purchased. The effect of compiling such notes will not keep you waiting long: a picture will form in your head and everything will be put on the shelves. Bulk purchases should not be done in small shops, it is better to go to the supermarket.
Large stores regularly hold promotions for certain groups of goods. This does not mean that the products are of poor quality or that their shelf life is coming to an end. To track discounts, you can use modern technologies, for example, install the Foodil mobile application. The service finds and compares prices for specific products.
A system of discount cards has been introduced in almost all retail outlets, which allows you to make purchases at lower prices. However, if you happen to stumble upon a great deal on a product that isn't on your list, don't buy it. Be aware of prices so you don't fall for the marketing gimmick when the discounted price is equal to the original price.
When choosing products, it is helpful to read labels and understand their contents. The ingredients are in descending order. So, if beans are first indicated on the label, then its content prevails over other components contained in the can. Do not take products in which sugar comes first, salt should also not be in the forefront. It is undesirable for the number of components to be more than 5-6. Choose foods with a long shelf life. When shopping for frozen foods, keep them in thermal bags.
The main advice of "anti-crisis" food - cook your own meals, trying not to purchase semi-finished products. For this it is not necessary to spend a lot of time, effort and money, you just need to approach the issue wisely. As a result, you will get tasty and healthy food in your home at a budget price. Cereals and legumes are easy to prepare, nutritious, and easy to digest.
Regular potatoes are affordable and offer many cooking options: fried, stewed, boiled, steam, baked. A tasty and healthy vegetable can decorate a festive table. Don't forget about the spices: a skillful combination will easily add a new accent to ordinary dishes. The use of turmeric, mint, cumin will add an "Indian" flavor, while soy sauce and ginger will add a "Japanese" flavor.
Seasonal vegetables can become the basis of the diet in times of crisis. Avocados, greenhouse tomatoes and cucumbers are best replaced with local beets, radishes and pumpkin. They are perfectly stored and contain a storehouse of vitamins. Combining them with each other, it is easy to get new tastes every time. If you own a summer cottage, then you are doubly lucky: include more seasonal fruits and vegetables from your garden in the menu.
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Planning grocery shopping a week in advance will save your budget and provide your diet with all the essential nutrients you need. After all, every time you go to the store, you buy excess products and are not always useful. For example, you go to a store hungry and buy a chocolate bar, a sandwich, etc. Going once a week to the store will allow you to buy healthy food for the whole week, and you will not buy various unnecessary products. The list of products for the week should include vegetables, fruits, dairy products, canned food, meat products, side dishes and others. Let's take a closer look at each food group so that you understand how useful and necessary a particular food is. Adjust the amount of food based on your daily calorie needs.
Vegetables contain fiber and should be on your table every day. Vegetables contain various vitamins, B1, B2, B3, B6, B9, E, C, PP, P, A. Useful substances, fluorine, potassium, magnesium, iron, zinc, calcium, phosphorus, iodine, cobalt, boron, nickel , copper. Vegetables are good for the cardiovascular system, for the skin, hair, teeth, nails, improve the metabolism in the human body, make health strong.
List of products (vegetables) for the week:
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Fruits are rich in vitamins: C, D, P, groups B, A, E. Beneficial substances in fruits: calcium, phosphorus, iron, magnesium, manganese, iodine, zinc, copper, carotene, folic acid, pectin, potassium, beta-carotene ... Fruits provide a person with useful components, minerals, strengthen immunity and protect our body from environmental influences. Fruit should be eaten by everyone: children, men, women. Several times a week - be sure to eat fruit.
List of products (fruits) for the week:
Dairy products contain animal proteins that are good for your muscles. Also, dairy products contain fat, this fat is considered not useful, because it is of animal origin, and vegetable fat and omega-3 fatty acids are beneficial. Buy dairy products with a minimum amount of fat, such as 0.5%. Dairy products contain vitamins of group B, A, H, PP, D. Useful substances: calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, zinc, copper, selenium, chromium, molybdenum, cobalt, phosphorus, chlorine, sulfur, iron. Milk is used for the prevention and treatment of many diseases, in traditional and folk medicine. Low fat milk is good for everyone, and children are advised to drink it from an early age, if there is no allergy. Look carefully at the expiration date on the packaging, because milk and other dairy products can be stored for no more than 5 days. In a month, you need to eat dairy products for 20-25 days, and rest for 5-10 days.
List of dairy products for the week:
You can serve porridge, spaghetti and other dishes as a side dish. They contain carbohydrates that provide our body with energy for the whole day. Porridge contains vitamins E, H, PP, group B. Useful substances: calcium, sulfur, magnesium, chlorine, sodium, phosphorus, potassium, nickel, iron, aluminum, zinc, cobalt, iodine, silicon, copper, manganese, boron, vanadium, molybdenum, fluorine, chromium, selenium. The vegetable protein included in the composition is useful for maintaining muscle tone. Porridge is good for the gastrointestinal tract.
List of products for a side dish for a week:
Meat contains healthy animal proteins and unhealthy animal fats. For good health, meat should be selected with the lowest fat content. Meat contains vitamins of group B, A, H, C, E, PP, beta-carotene, choline. Useful substances: iron, cobalt, iodine, fluorine, chromium, manganese, copper, zinc. Chicken meat is good for recuperation, for metabolic processes in the body. Vitamins, group B useful for hair, nails, skin. Chicken is good for children, adults and the elderly. Include chicken several days a month in your diet, be sure.
List of meat products:
Fish contains omega-3 fats, which are very beneficial. Animal protein to strengthen muscle fibers. Vitamins of group B, A, PP, C, E. Useful substances: potassium, calcium, sulfur, chlorine, sodium, magnesium, nickel, iron, fluorine, molybdenum, cobalt, iodine, zinc, manganese, copper. Fish and seafood well replenish the reserves of minerals in the body, reduce the content of bad cholesterol in the blood, improve the functioning of the endocrine system and the heart.
List of fish and seafood for the week:
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Daily grocery shopping is a tedious process that takes up a lot of energy, as well as free time that can be spent at your own pleasure. In addition, every time you visit a store, it is common for a person to buy not only the necessary goods, but also something superfluous (for example, ice cream, soda, chocolate bars), which is accompanied by unnecessary expenses. The practice of making a list of products for the week and purchasing them for future use is becoming more and more popular. This saves both time and money.
Whatever your grocery list for the week, there are a number of must-haves. They should always be in the kitchen, no matter what menu you follow. We are talking about such products:
Most of these products have a long shelf life and can therefore be purchased in bulk or at great deals.
Making a grocery list for the week is not easy. This is a time consuming activity that will require concentration and a couple of hours of your time. The algorithm is as follows:
If you haven't done a weekly grocery list before, check out the examples that already exist. So, 2 people will need the following products for a week:
Unfortunately, not everyone can afford their favorite products, and therefore it is necessary to reduce this item of expenses. Nevertheless, this does not mean that such food will be tasteless and inadequate. An approximate list of economy products for the week is as follows:
If purchasing for future use is already a fairly common practice, then not all of them make up the family's menu for a week. It is much easier to make a list of foods if you have an idea of what you are going to cook. Also, this action has the following advantages:
When compiling a list of products for the week for a family, you cannot skip the stage of working out the menu. Of course, enthusiasm can develop a luxurious diet, but don't forget about the resources you have. So, when drawing up a menu, it is important to take into account the following points:
To save time looking for culinary ideas, you should make a menu for the week. It will be much easier to decide on the list of products if you know what to cook. Of course, each family has its own culinary preferences, but an example menu might look like this (see table).
Day of week | Breakfast | Dinner | Afternoon snack | Dinner |
Monday | Fried eggs with tomatoes | Mushroom soup, fish in batter | Grape | Pie with meat |
Tuesday | Rice porridge with apples | Chicken broth, meat pie | Berry jelly | Zucchini pancakes, meat salad |
Wednesday | Semolina | Borsch, squash pancakes | Homemade cookies | Stuffed peppers |
Thursday | Oatmeal with dried fruits | Borsch, stuffed peppers | Milk jelly | Steamed fish, vegetable salad |
Friday | Hot sandwiches with chicken, tomatoes and cheese | Meatball soup, steamed fish | Apple pie | Vegetable puree soup |
Saturday | Buckwheat porridge with milk | Vegetable puree soup, chicken cutlets | Any fruit | Pork in orange marinade, Chinese cabbage salad |
Sunday | Fried eggs in bread | Mushroom soup, pancakes with sour cream | Lemon muffin | Roast meat with vegetables |
Having compiled the menu, you can arrange it in a form convenient for you. For example, you can magnetically attach a printed or handwritten piece of paper to the refrigerator. If you are keeping up with the times, save it on your smartphone or tablet.
If you have not previously had to make a list of groceries for the week ahead, it is quite difficult to navigate. The advice of experienced housewives will help you with this:
More and more people are choosing to buy groceries for the week. A list for 3 or more people is sometimes voluminous and, therefore, costly. Here are some helpful tips to help you save a lot on certain product categories:
Even if you have thoroughly thought out the recipes for the week, the grocery list and other details, you are not insured against unnecessary expenses during the trip to the store. To prevent this from happening, follow these fundamental rules:
More and more housewives are beginning to understand how convenient and profitable it is to purchase food for a week. The list helps you not to get lost in a huge supermarket and not make unnecessary, rash purchases. However, for the list to be as accurate as possible, you must have an idea of what you are going to cook within 7 days. To do this, you need to draw up a detailed menu with a breakdown by day.
ratings: 2, average: out of 5Of course, we buy some of them in much larger portions, for example, we usually buy cereals for a quarter. However, for the sake of completeness, I will take exactly the expense per month.
I would also like to say that the consumption is approximate and we should not assume that we eat like this all the time. All the same, the diet varies greatly from season to year, at least. This list is more about winter or spring, so don't be surprised if you don't find an abundance of fruits and vegetables here. All the same, it is not the season, but the shops in our area have both poor quality and exorbitant prices.
So let's get started.
Meat products.
The main demand in our family is chicken breast. Beef and pork are bought mainly for variety. When there is a high-quality turkey available, I also like to take it, although no one except our dad and the cat loves it. Quite often I use beef heart and very rarely liver. This is more likely because only me eat it.
Chicken 4 kg - 250r / kg = 1000r
Pork / beef 1kg - 380r / kg = 380r
By-products 2kg - 200r / kg = 400r
Fish and stuff.
I try to take mostly local fish, so it turns out to save quite a lot. In the background is inexpensive sea fish, we buy red fish mainly for the holidays for salting. I also often take squid fillet, because we have it with a very humane price and goes well in salads.
Veggie, white sea, etc. 3 kg - 80r / kg = 240r
Mackerel, cod, etc. 1.5kg - 200r / kg = 300r>
Squid 1kg - 100r / kg = 100r
Dairy products and eggs.
Our family consumes a huge amount of eggs. This is due to the fact that they go well just boiled, and I take a lot of them for baking, casseroles, etc.
About milk and related products. There is a very wide range of options because I will simply indicate in liters of all this good, especially since the price is about the same as milk and kefir. We eat little cheese, no one is particularly fond of sandwiches, and instead of soft, I tend to tend to local cottage cheese. We also have a little oil consumption. It only goes into porridge, because my baking is vegetable, unless of course it's a traditional shortbread dough.
Milk / sour milk 1.5l / day - 100r = 4500r
Eggs 1cl / week - 200r = 800r
Cottage cheese 2kg - 250r / kg = 500r
Other = 1000r
Another huge expense, since this includes products with a long shelf life and you can use this by purchasing for future use. First of all, we consume a lot of flour and sugar, this is due to the fact that we do not buy bread and all kinds of cookies. Well, if only occasionally, when I am completely lazy or have no time to bake. For the same reason, a lot of vegetable oil is wasted. I have not used margarine for baking for a long time, and pure butter is expensive and very high in cholesterol.
Wheat flour 8kg - 30r / kg = 240r
Rye flour 5kg - 25r / kg = 125r
Sugar 6kg - 45r = 270r
Vegetable oil 4l - 70r / l = 280r
Buckwheat 2.5kg - 70r / kg = 175r
Rice 2kg - 55r / kg = 110r
Semolina 1kg - 40r / kg = 40r
Ball 0.5kg - 30r / kg = 15r
Oatmeal 1.5kg - 20r / kg = 30r
6 cereals flakes 1kg - 40r / kg = 40r
Wheat 0.5kg - 30r / kg = 15r
Pearl barley 0.5kg - 30r / kg = 15r
Peas or beans 0.5kg - 90r / kg = 45r
Chickpea 0.5kg - 80r / kg = 40r
Pasta 2kg - 50r / kg = 100r
Conservation.
We practically do not use this department. Therefore, we buy little and it is mainly canned vegetables. Sometimes condensed milk. We do not use canned fish, stew, etc. We don't eat jam on a regular basis, there are enough lovely gifts from grandmothers. From them we get pickles, which I add to pickle or vinaigrette.
Condensed milk 2b - 70r / b = 140r
Green peas or olives 2b - 50r - 100r
Tomato paste 0.25kg - 100r = 100r
Frozen food.
I try to stock up on frozen vegetables and berries as much as possible for the winter. And the fact that there is not enough space to freeze, then dry. However, products such as broccoli or green beans still have to be purchased. Therefore, I take freezing all the time, but I can't say what exactly, it's still a matter of taste. I spend about 500 to 1000 rubles a month on this.
Vegetables and fruits.
Fruit is the same story as freezing. I take the most advantageous offer. However, in winter it is almost impossible to find something cheaper than 100 rubles per kg. In vegetables, I prefer to take simple products: cabbage, carrots, beets. The rest as far as possible or on holidays. My homemade greens do not like salad greens, they are replaced by Peking cabbage. I use frozen parsley, dill. As a result, this cost item costs from 1000 to 3000 rubles.
Tea, coffee, spices, sauces and other pranks.
All these products are not bought from us all the time. I often try new teas. And we drink coffee in different ways. I also buy sauces often, but they are used for a long time. To be clear, we do not use mayonnaise or ketchup, by sauces I mean soy or teriyaki or mustard and the like. Spices are also very varied in price and frequency with which I use them. In the same section, I can include different types of vinegar or soda. How much I spend on all the add-ons I can’t calculate at all.
It is also worth considering that here I am taking into account the prices for large volumes. For example, this is true for cereals, if you buy in packages of 500g, in a simple store, it will come out more expensive. We buy local milk, fish and many other products. And harvesting vegetables, fruits and berries in the summer is of great importance. If I didn't have dried apples or frozen bell peppers, it would hit my budget significantly.
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