Fast technique. Exercises to develop the speed of thinking. How to achieve reading comprehension

Why count in your head, if you can solve any arithmetic problem on a calculator. Modern medicine and psychology prove that oral counting is a trainer for gray cells. Performing such gymnastics is necessary for the development of memory and mathematical abilities.

Many techniques are known to simplify mental calculations. Everyone who has seen the famous painting by Bogdanov-Belsky "Oral Account" is always amazed - how do peasant children solve such a difficult problem as dividing the sum of five numbers that must first be squared?

It turns out that these children are students of the famous mathematician teacher Sergei Aleksandrovich Rachitsky (he is also depicted in the picture). These are not child prodigies - pupils of the elementary grades of the village school of the 19th century. But they all already know the tricks of simplifying arithmetic calculations and have learned the multiplication table! Therefore, these kids are quite capable of solving such a problem!

Oral Counting Secrets

There are oral counting techniques - simple algorithms that it is desirable to bring to automatism. After mastering simple techniques, you can proceed to mastering more complex ones.

Add numbers 7,8,9

To simplify the calculations, the numbers 7,8,9 must first be rounded to 10, and then subtract the increase. For example, to add 9 to a two-digit number, you must first add 10 and then subtract 1, etc.

Examples of :

Add two-digit numbers quickly

If the last digit of a two-digit number is more than five, round it up. We carry out the addition, subtract the "addition" from the resulting sum.

Examples of :

54+39=54+40-1=93

26+38=26+40-2=64

If the last digit of a two-digit number is less than five, then we add up by place: first we add tens, then - units.

Example :

57+32=57+30+2=89

If the terms are reversed, then first you can round the number 57 to 60, and then subtract 3 from the total:

32+57=32+60-3=89

Add three-digit numbers in your mind

Fast counting and adding three-digit numbers - is it possible? Yes. To do this, you need to parse three-digit numbers into hundreds, tens, units and add them one by one.

Example :

249+533=(200+500)+(40+30)+(9+3)=782

Features of Subtraction: Casting to Round Numbers

The deductible is rounded to 10, to 100. If you need to subtract a two-digit number, you need to round it to 100, subtract, and then add the amendment to the remainder. This is relevant if the amendment is small.

Examples of :

576-88=576-100+12=488

Mental subtraction of three-digit numbers

If at one time the composition of numbers from 1 to 10 was well mastered, then subtraction can be performed in parts and in the indicated order: hundreds, tens, units.

Example :

843-596=843-500-90-6=343-90-6=253-6=247

Multiply and divide

Instantly multiply and divide in your head? It is possible, but knowledge of the multiplication table is indispensable. is the golden key to quick mental arithmetic! It applies to both multiplication and division. Let us remember that in the elementary grades of a village school in the pre-revolutionary Smolensk province (painting "Oral counting"), the children knew the continuation of the multiplication table - from 11 to 19!

Although, in my opinion, it is enough to know the table from 1 to 10 in order to be able to multiply larger numbers. for instance:

15*16=15*10+(10*6+5*6)=150+60+30=240

Multiply and divide by 4, 6, 8, 9

Having mastered the multiplication table by 2 and 3 to automatism, it will be as easy as shelling pears to do the rest of the calculations.

To multiply and divide two- and three-digit numbers, we use simple techniques:

multiply by 4 is to multiply twice by 2;

multiplying by 6 means multiplying by 2, and then by 3;

multiplying by 8 is three times multiplying by 2;

multiplying by 9 is multiplying twice by 3.

for instance :

37*4=(37*2)*2=74*2=148;

412 * 6 = (412 * 2) 3 = 824 3 = 2472

Likewise:

divide by 4 is to divide twice by 2;

divide by 6 is first to divide by 2 and then by 3;

divide by 8 is to divide by 2 three times;

divided by 9 is twice divided by 3.

for instance :

412:4=(412:2):2=206:2=103

312:6=(312:2):3=156:3=52

How to multiply and divide by 5

The number 5 is half of 10 (10: 2). Therefore, first we multiply by 10, then we divide the resulting one in half.

Example :

326*5=(326*10):2=3260:2=1630

The rule of division by 5 is even simpler. First, we multiply by 2, and then divide the result by 10.

326: 5 = (326 2): 10 = 652: 10 = 65.2.

Multiplication by 9

To multiply a number by 9, it is not necessary to multiply it twice by 3. It is enough to multiply it by 10 and subtract the number to be multiplied from the resulting number. Let's compare which is faster:

37*9=(37*3)*3=111*3=333

37*9=37*10 - 37=370-37=333

Also, particular patterns have long been noticed that greatly simplify the multiplication of two-digit numbers by 11 or 101. So, when multiplying by 11, a two-digit number seems to move apart. Its constituent numbers remain at the edges, and their sum is in the center. For example: 24 * 11 = 264. When multiplying by 101, it is enough to assign the same to a two-digit number. 24 * 101 = 2424. The simplicity and consistency of such examples is admirable. Such tasks are very rare - these are examples of entertaining, so-called little tricks.

Finger counting

Today, you can still find many defenders of "finger gymnastics" and the method of oral counting on the fingers. We are convinced that learning to fold and subtract by bending and unbending fingers is very visual and convenient. The range of such calculations is very limited. As soon as the calculations go beyond the scope of one operation, difficulties arise: it is necessary to master the following technique. And bending your fingers in the era of iPhones is somehow undignified.

For example, in defense of the "finger" technique, the technique of multiplying by 9 is given. The trick of the technique is as follows:

• To multiply any number within the first ten by 9, you need to turn your palms towards you.
• Counting from left to right, bend the finger corresponding to the number to be multiplied. For example, to multiply 5 by 9, you have to bend the little finger on your left hand.
• The remaining number of fingers on the left will correspond to tens, on the right - to ones. In our example, 4 fingers to the left and 5 to the right. Answer: 45.

Yes, indeed, the solution is quick and clear! But this is from the area of ​​focuses. The rule applies only when multiplying by 9. Isn't it easier to learn the multiplication table for multiplying 5 by 9? This trick will be forgotten, and a well-learned multiplication table will remain forever.

There are also many more similar techniques using fingers for some single mathematical operations, but this is relevant while you use it and is immediately forgotten when you stop using it. Therefore, it is better to learn the standard algorithms that will last a lifetime.

Verbal invoice on the machine

First, you need to know well the composition of the number and the multiplication table.

Secondly, you need to remember the techniques for simplifying the calculations. As it turned out, there are not so many such mathematical algorithms.

Thirdly, in order for the technique to become a convenient skill, it is necessary to constantly conduct short "brainstorming" sessions - to practice oral calculations using one or another algorithm.

Trainings should be short: solve in your head 3-4 examples using the same technique, then move on to the next one. We must strive to use every free minute - both useful and not boring. Thanks to simple training, all calculations will be performed with lightning speed and without errors over time. It will be very useful in life and will help out in difficult situations.

When mentioning the fast reading technique, most people have the following questions: what is the reason for the increase in reading speed?

But they are all based on a few basic rules. So:

Some readers, unbeknownst to themselves, read twice any text - both easy and difficult, as if for the sake of fidelity. The areas of such re-fixation of the eyes that occur in traditional reading are sometimes very large.

As our research has shown, regressions are quite common with slow reading, and their number is usually from 10 to 15 for a text of 100 words. It is clear that such frequent recurrent eye movements drastically reduce the reading speed.

The main goal of recipients is a deeper comprehension of a text that has already been read. The fast reading technique recommends re-reading only after reading the entire text.

When reading text with regressions, the eyes move backward, for example, from point 2 to point 3, although there is no need for this. If this happens on every line of text, then it is obvious that the reader reads the entire text twice.

It is this kind of regression that is considered one of the main disadvantages of traditional slow reading. Along with regressions during slow reading, recurrent eye movements were also noticed, caused by the apparent difficulties of the text.

These returns are also a lack of reading. Very often, further reading will remove the questions raised and make refunds unnecessary. What is the nature of regression?

The first reason is force of habit... Record the reasons for re-reading: really difficult text or lack of attention?

Remember, avoiding regressions doubles your reading speed and triples your reading comprehension.

2. READ WITHOUT ARTICULATION

Articulation- these are involuntary movements of the lips, tongue, elements of the larynx when reading the text to oneself. The movements of the speech organs when reading to themselves are inhibited only externally, in fact, they are in constant latent movement.

The intensity of these micro-movements depends, first of all, on the level of development of the reading skill and the complexity of the text. The less developed the skill of reading to oneself (in children) and the more complex the text, the more pronounced the articulation.

Many people say they have no articulation or they don't know what it is. Others, on the other hand, claim that they constantly hear someone mumbling nearby when they read the text.

Even if the reader declares that he does not have articulation, it is possible to detect it by special measurements. X-ray photography of pharyngeal modulations during reading showed the presence of intracavitary articulation even in people who read relatively quickly.

Indeed, the exclusion of internal pronunciation of words is the most important source of speed reading increase.

And even if it seems to you that you do not pronounce the words, then this is not so, the method of teaching reading, hammered into our heads from elementary school - that is, reading aloud - makes itself felt and, as you know, retraining is much harder than learning ...

The defect in the pronunciation of readable words can be divided into the following components:

1. When speaking is accompanied by mechanical movements: moving the lips, moving the tongue, or, even worse, audio - mechanical effects - mumbling, etc. It is quite simple to deal with this - to hold something in your teeth, or even better to hold your tongue teeth - no matter how funny, but by changing the pain sensation (the degree of compression with the teeth), you will be able to control the entire process of eradicating this inhibiting factor.

2. The most difficult to eradicate is the pronunciation of words in the brain - that is, the speech center. Here the method is used - they knock out a wedge with a wedge. The center that controls movement is somewhere near the speech center, and you can try to suppress the speech center with the motor center - it's super difficult to fight this - it won't save anything in your teeth, but you can try the following. You record on a cassette some kind of rhythm (but not music) - for example, a metronome. Moreover, the records should be several with different frequency of beats and combined with a variable frequency of beats. It is necessary to read to this beat (rhythm) and make movements while reading.

The main thing in the problem of fast reading is not so much speed as optimality, the efficiency of obtaining meaningful information due to the correct choice of the program for the semantic perception of the text.

Readers, as a rule, do not think about how to read this or that text. As a result, it reads equally slowly.

This or that speed and reading technique is subject, first of all, to those goals, tasks and attitudes that the reader sets for himself. It is the development of appropriate programs, the ability to flexibly use each of them at the right time, and determine the ability to read quickly.

Typically, traditional reading uses a small field of view. The field of vision is understood as a section of the text that is clearly perceived by the eyes with one fixation of the gaze.

In traditional reading, when 2-3 words are perceived at best, the field of view is very small. As a result, the eyes make many unnecessary jumps and fixations (stops).

This technique can be called gaze fragmentation. The wider the field of view, the more information is perceived at each stop of the eyes, the fewer these stops, and as a result, reading becomes more effective. One who reads quickly, in one fixation of the gaze, manages to perceive not 2-3 words, but the whole line, the whole sentence, sometimes the whole paragraph.

Reading text in whole phrases more effective not only in terms of speed: it also promotes deeper reading comprehension. This is because the perception of large fragments of the text at the moments of fixation with a gaze evokes visual-figurative representations that clearly clarify the meaning of the text.

Significantly reduces the speed of reading and the unproductive transition of the eyes from the end of each read line to the beginning of a new one. How many lines are on the page, so many unnecessary transitions, that is, idle eye movements, which are spent; not only time, but also strength.

With fast reading, eye movement is more economical: vertically, from top to bottom in the center of the page.

5. ALWAYS SELECT TO THE DOMINANT - THE BASIC MEANING OF THE TEXT

Problem understanding the text it has been fruitfully investigated by psychologists for a long time. What is understanding? Psychologists call understanding the establishment of a logical connection between objects by using existing knowledge.

When reading a simple text, understanding, as it were, merges with perception - we instantly recall the previously acquired knowledge (we realize the known meaning of words) or select from the existing knowledge what is needed at the moment and associate it with new impressions.

But very often, when reading an unfamiliar and difficult text, the comprehension of the subject (the application of knowledge and the establishment of new logical connections) is a complex process that unfolds in time.

To comprehend the text in such cases, it is necessary not only to be attentive when reading, to have knowledge and be able to apply it, but also to possess certain mental techniques. If it is necessary to memorize a text, a person first tries to understand it better and applies various techniques for this.

Most often, readers use two basic techniques: highlighting semantic reference points and anticipation.

Highlighting pivotal semantic points is as follows. The division of the text into parts, their semantic grouping lead to the allocation of semantic reference points that deepen understanding and facilitate the subsequent memorization of the material.

Psychologists have found that the basis of understanding can be everything with which we associate, that which is remembered or that itself "emerges" as connected with it. These can be some secondary words, additional details, definitions, etc.

Any association can be a support in this sense. The semantic reference point is something short, concise, but at the same time serving as the basis for some broader content. Understanding comes down to grasping in the text the main ideas, significant words, short phrases that predetermine the text of the following pages.

The technique of highlighting semantic reference points is, as it were, a process of filtering and compressing text without losing the basis.

Another technique used to further comprehend the text being read is called anticipation or anticipation, that is, a semantic guess. What is anticipation? This is a psychological process of focusing on the foreseeable future.

It is based on knowledge of the logic of the development of an event, assimilation of the results of the analysis of signs, previously carried out by operational thinking. Anticipation is provided by the so-called latent reaction of expectation, which tunes the reader to certain actions when, it would seem, there are no sufficient grounds for these reactions in the text.

The phenomenon of anticipation is possible only when thinking is actively working in a productive mode. With this reading, the reader relies more on the content of the text as a whole than on the meaning of individual words. The main thing is to comprehend the idea of ​​content, to identify the main idea of ​​the author of the text.

Thus, when teaching fast reading, the ability to anticipate is the main factor in the formation of a kind of flair for phrasal stereotypes and the accumulation of a sufficient vocabulary of text stamps. Identification of phrasal stereotypes is one of the first prerequisites for the development of automatic semantic processing of text.

6. CONSTANTLY DEVELOP YOUR ATTENTION AND MEMORY

What is attention? Attention- this is the selective focus of consciousness when performing a certain work. Reading quickly requires increased attention. Unfortunately, we are not always organized, we do not know how to control our attention when reading.

The reading speed of most readers is much slower than what they could have without compromising understanding. A slow reader's attention often switches to extraneous thoughts and objects, and interest in the text decreases. Therefore, large fragments are read mechanically and the meaning of what has been read does not reach consciousness.

Such a reader, noticing that he is thinking about extraneous things, is often forced to re-read the passage again. A person who reads quickly is able to control their attention.

Ability to concentrate on the problem - one of the components of successful mental work. Try to practice your ability to concentrate by mentally reading the words back to front.

When you mentally read a word backwards, you must spell it and then read those letters. For example - "word" - "ovols", "road" - "agorod". If your consciousness is distracted by a third-party object, then the thread is instantly lost and you have to perform the exercise again. This way you can train your attention.

This exercise can be done on public transport and thus use the wasted time to your advantage. Start with simple four-letter words. Gradually try to operate with longer words.

7. FULFILL DAILY OBLIGATORY RATE:

read two newspapers, one magazine (scientific and technical or popular science) and 50-100 pages of any book. Mastering the technique of fast reading is really a process of complex impact on various aspects of human mental activity.

Figuratively speaking, in the learning process, the program of technical re-equipment of the brain. There is a restructuring of consciousness, the prevailing stereotypes of thinking break down. There are some good books on teaching speed reading. For example, the book of O. A. Andreev and L. N. Khromov "Learning to read quickly."

But the most effective way to teach fast reading is through special trainings and group sessions.

The main thing is to remember that speed reading is not the lot of the elite. Diligence and consistency in training is important.

In the life of each of us, there have been situations when it was necessary to study certain material within a short period of time. The best solution to this problem is mastering. Moreover, it can be successfully applied not only for scientific, but also for fiction. At the same time, for any person, the technique of fast reading with a high level of memorization is especially relevant and significant. How to achieve the desired effect? To do this, you need to study the 7 basic rules for fast reading. What are they all about?

Reading without regression

Often, a person studying the material necessary for him makes return movements with his eyes. This is regression, the purpose of which is to repeat lines that have already been read. This is the most common flaw that can lead to slow learning.

Unbeknownst to themselves, many readers scan the text twice. It does not matter whether it is easy to perceive or not. Regression is performed for fidelity, resulting in a sharp decrease in reading speed.

However, there are returns that are deemed valid. A person makes these movements with his eyes when a new thought appears. They, in contrast to regression, are called reception. Such repetitions are quite reasonable, since they allow you to comprehend as deeply as possible what you have already read. Methods for quickly memorizing text do not recommend such return movements. In this case, repeated reading is possible only after the text has been completely passed through.

Remember that avoiding reciprocations and regressions is very important. He is able to double and triple the quality of his understanding.

Reading without articulations

Sometimes, when studying the material inwardly, a person makes involuntary movements with his tongue, lips and larynx elements. This is articulation. Its intensity is in direct proportion to the complexity of the text and the development of reading skills. Moreover, articulation is observed in everyone, even in fast-reading people. This is confirmed by special measurements and X-ray photography of pharyngeal modulations, made in the process of studying the text silently.

The technique of fast reading with a high level of memorization excludes the internal pronunciation of words. This is due to the fact that articulation is an important obstacle to quickly learning the material. Such should be excluded if the speed reading technique is mastered. At the same time, exercises for speed reading should be aimed at eliminating the pronunciation defect and depend on its type. So, if articulation is a mechanical movement of the tongue, lips, mumbling, etc., then it is necessary to exercise constant control over this process. How? Take something in your mouth or hold your tongue firmly with your teeth. Pain will be the most noticeable inhibiting factor.

It will be more difficult to eradicate the pronunciation of words in the speech center of the brain. The main method is to knock out the wedge with a wedge. He uses the fact that the centers of speech and control over movements are next to each other. It is recommended to record a non-musical rhythm (metronome) produced at different frequencies and combinations. This knock should be read.

Integral Algorithm

For people studying large amounts of information, the technique of fast reading with a high level of memorization of the necessary material is extremely important. How do you achieve this? It is necessary to develop an integral reading memorization algorithm. After all, many simply do not think about how to study the text. As a result, they read extremely slowly. The speed and reading technique that is used in the study of the material depends on the goals and objectives set by the reader. A person must develop appropriate programs, as well as flexibly and skillfully use them at the right time. This will largely determine his speed reading ability.

Vertical eye movement

This is the fourth rule of the fast assimilation technique. It presupposes the perception of a larger portion of the text than with ordinary reading. Expansion of the field of vision can significantly increase the efficiency of assimilation of the material. A person who reads quickly during one fixation of a gaze is able to perceive not just 2-3 words. It captures the meaning of an entire line, sentence, or even a paragraph.

Phrase comprehension is a fast reading technique with a high level of retention. Why is this happening? The fact is that, looking over large fragments of text, a person creates for himself visual-figurative representations of the material presented. They are a vivid explanation of the meaning of what you read. With this technique, the eyes move vertically, towards the top in the center of the text.

Highlighting the dominant

What accompanies the most effective perception of the material? First of all, it should be understood. This means nothing more than the establishment of logical connections between objects using the knowledge that a person already has.

Speed ​​reading and understanding of text is a problem that psychologists have been successfully investigating for a long time. Sometimes the material we perceive is quite simple. In this case, his understanding goes next to perception. A person immediately remembers the knowledge he received earlier and associates it with the phrases he read. However, the text can be unfamiliar and difficult. In this case, its comprehension is a complex and lengthy process. How can you speed it up? To do this, you should be careful while reading, as well as possess a considerable baggage of knowledge, being able to apply them in a given situation. You will also need to use some techniques. One of them is to highlight the pivotal semantic points of the text. What is its meaning? To increase the perception of the text, it is divided into two parts, making a semantic grouping. At the same time, a dominant is highlighted, which deepens the understanding of the material and contributes to its more effective memorization. Also, thanks to this, it develops speed reading memory.

Fast reading in this case becomes possible when the text is perceived in the form of short and at the same time significant logical formulas. Each of these structural units has a concept that is basic in its meaning, which is associated with a certain image. Reading the entire text is the creation of a single logical chain of ideas. This is the essence of the method for identifying pivotal semantic points.

Another technique can be used to comprehend the material. It is called anticipation, or anticipation. This is a semantic guess, which is a psychological process of orientation towards the future, which is within the framework of the foreseen. Anticipation is based on knowledge of the logic of developing events, as well as the analysis of the existing signs of the phenomenon and the assimilation of its results. This speed reading technique is possible in the presence of a latent expectation reaction, when the reader is tuned in to certain actions that arise in the course of the text. At the same time, a person's thinking should work very productively, comprehending the idea of ​​content and identifying the main intention of the author. Thus, anticipation during speed reading is the formation of a kind of flair for stereotypical phrases and the accumulation of an extensive dictionary of text stamps. It is also a prerequisite for the development of a semantic processing of the studied material brought to automatism.

Development of attention and memory

High-speed reading and memorization require a selective focus of consciousness to perform a certain work. This function represents attention. People are often incapable of self-organization. That is why they are not able to control their attention while reading. So, in a person who slowly perceives the material he needs, attention often switches to all sorts of extraneous objects and thoughts. This leads to a loss of interest in the text and misunderstanding of its meaning. Those who read quickly can control their attention.

One of the components of effective mental work is the ability to concentrate on the issue in question. This ability is best trained by mentally reading the words backwards. You can do this everywhere, for example, while traveling on public transport. Any word must be represented in the form of letters and read them backwards. For example, "water" - "hells". First, you can take words consisting of four letters, and then select them more authentic. This exercise is great for training attention.

Compliance with a mandatory norm

The seventh rule of fast reading implies daily reading of two newspapers, one popular science or scientific and technical journal, as well as a book volume of 50-100 pages. Why is it important? The fact is that in order to master the technique of fast reading, it is necessary to produce a complex effect on various aspects of the individual's mental activity.

This leads to the implementation of a program of technical re-equipment of the brain, which rebuilds consciousness and breaks the prevailing stereotypes of thinking.

Help in mastering speed reading

You can learn how to quickly and efficiently comprehend the material on your own. To help those wishing to master the technique of speed reading, various book publications are offered. Their authors describe a technique for effective perception and memorization of material. Here you can also familiarize yourself with exercises for mastering fast reading.

You can study the basic rules of speedy perception of the material at specially organized group sessions and trainings. This training option is the most effective.

Fast reading pace

Anyone who has mastered the technique of high-speed perception of the text processes information at different speeds, choosing it depending on the type of literature. Thus, news and newspapers are read with a speed that allows you to grasp their meaning. Fiction requires a special speed that includes imagination. Scientific publications require not only speed, but also thorough study of the material.

The importance of speed reading

Why should a person master the technique of quick perception of the text? This is needed for:

Disclosure of his inner potential;

Exercise control over your knowledge and skills;

Processing a large amount of information;

There are a lot of speed reading techniques in our time. You can only say which one is the best. Choose the one that suits you. You can find speed reading techniques in books, on courses, download on the Internet. Many of the author's quick reading techniques can be used online. Special exercises and trainings have been developed to expand the angle of view, increase concentration on the text, and develop memory.

Do I need to read and cram more?

Those who cram are not the most successful and quick-witted people. Have you heard anything about the life success of high school students?

The desire to learn to read faster does not leave me in any way! The point is, reading quickly is a must. By the nature of my work, I have to read a lot of literature, documents, etc. But I just physically do not have time to do everything that I have to do. Ah, my progress in speed reading leaves much to be desired.

Any exercise that develops your brain, your thinking is very useful! It is especially good when these are very different exercises. Then you can be sure that the various functions of your thinking will develop. And all this will lead to the fact that you will change qualitatively.

The exercise kills two birds with one stone - expands the angle of view, which is one of the conditions for mastering the skill of fast reading. The second hare is going into a trance state while exercising. The eyes are defocused, directed forward. All signs of trance.

Anyone can learn speed reading without courses and without wasting money.

And now we will use the visualization technology and write down the phrase "small scientist, but a pedant." All links go to direct texts.

Speed ​​reading is not acceptable if our task is to deeply feel the worldview of the book. Any psychoanalyst will explain how important "irrelevant" details are, how much information they carry.

The age of information technology has come a long time ago and every day data and knowledge are beginning to have more and more value, while the technical capacities of computers and data transmission facilities are constantly increasing, and the resources of the human brain are still used only to an insignificant extent. Why is it that more and more people want to develop their abilities.

Write an article. Now squeeze it twice, then two more. Repeat until one or two words remain. In pair technology there is such an algorithm for the work of a pair of students - it is called "paragraph-by-paragraph reading". In it, everyone has one text.

Before reading the literature, do a short review of it - find out what it is about and in what genre it is written. Review annotation and table of contents. In order not to load your memory with unnecessary information, decide which parts of the book you will read. Reading is best done in a relaxed environment, with no distractions. The room should be light. Remember that information is less assimilated if there is a TV, radio or children playing nearby. The back should be in a straight position.

Diagonal reading training

Which person had the skill to read quickly?

He was one of the first to suggest some speed reading techniques. They were seized by Napoleon Bonaparte, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, John F. Kennedy. They had the best speed reading techniques.

To which the leader replied that, of course, he reads otherwise he would not have been able to get all the knowledge that he now has. One proven speed reading technique is to move the eyes from left to right at a rate of one line per minute. The reading speed is reduced to the greatest extent by the mental pronunciation of the text. Speed ​​reading requires increased concentration.

How Hitler read books

Adolf Hitler had his own fast reading technique. He took a book, magazine, scientific article in his hand and opened it to the last page. If I saw something worthwhile, I read it. From the memoirs of the secretary of Adolf Hitler, we know that the leader was very sorry that he could not read a single book of fiction, since his duties include only reading scientific literature. The famous choleric man Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin had a phenomenal memory. He remembered biographies of well-known dates, names of geographical objects. He read the works very quickly.

Karl Marx and quick reading

Karl Marx also loved to fold the pages of books and put notes in their margins. President Roosevelt was simply in love with speed reading. He could read the entire book in one sitting. Honore de Balzac told his contemporaries how easily he manages to read eight sentences at once, and at the same time single out one key from them.

Fascination even with self-tests inhibits development. Testing is needed to understand what's going on. There were enough cases in practice when the absolute absence of improvements was associated precisely with the violation of the prohibition on frequent home self-tests.

Theodore Roosevelt on fast reading

All texts are different. Theodore Roosevelt read two sentences at a time, and then could easily retell the text, sometimes even verbatim. Maxim Gorky had unique abilities. He perfectly mastered the technique of speed reading and when he took the latest issue of the magazine, cut the pages and read the text, as if "drawing" a zigzag. After reading one magazine, I took up new literature. This technique is called diagonal speed reading. To increase the speed of comprehension of the text, a complex of speed reading techniques is used. Each of them works in tandem with a partner for a short time using the same algorithm. Pupils change partners many times until they have worked through their texts completely. As a result, everyone gets "very compressed and convex polyphonic" material of their text.

Is it possible to learn to quickly read billibers?

Try to open a site with Arabic script or Chinese letters, and you will experience the same feelings - "I look in a book - I see a fig."

Those who like to remember do not like to think very much. Is it possible to remember the history of the CPSU (Communist Party of the Soviet Union)? You are welcome! I got rid of pronouncing a long time ago and, unlike many of my friends, without much effort and almost no regressions, I always try to glide over the text with a vertical gaze. But the problem is that I constantly want to slide through the text faster and faster.

Those who retaken gave up in advance. At first they gave up and proved to themselves that they were not capable. For example, they are unable to remember or pass the exam, and only then the teacher told them this phrase.

The human brain, like a super-powerful computer, is capable of processing and storing an astonishing amount of information. A person could memorize absolutely everything that at least once was recognized by his organs of perception, if not a single "but". And this "but" is the process of losing access to the knowledge gained. In other words, forgetting.

Forgetting is a protective unloading mechanism. But it is precisely this property of memory that often prevents us from reproducing previously obtained information at the right time. But, understanding what memory is and how it works, you can significantly improve its performance and master the technique of rapid memorization.

Unsolved riddle

Memory is the ability to store and reproduce previously obtained information. For this process, the connections between the nerve cells of the brain - neurons - are responsible. The quantity and quality of these connections is directly proportional to the amount of accumulated knowledge and the volume of the individual's life experience.

However, not everything is as obvious and simple as it might seem at first glance. And here there is an interesting paradox: for 10 years, the brain cells are completely renewed, but the memories remain, and in their quality they do not lose at all. Numerous experiments with the use of hypnosis techniques prove that absolutely everything that we meet on the path of life is preserved in our memory. And although a large share of this information is stored at the subconscious level, under certain conditions it is quite possible to extract these memories.

Memorization process

At the physiological level, the perceived information causes irritation of a group of neurons. Under the influence of such information impulses, neural connections are formed. Each repetition of the same material will activate the corresponding group of neurons, and the connections between them will strengthen each time. Accordingly, the memory itself at the level of consciousness will become more stable and long-term. Although, in addition to the usual mechanical repetition, other factors also affect the quality of memorization.

Factors affecting the speed of memorization

1. Emotions

As you know, emotionally intense events always leave the brightest trace in a person's memory. By the same principle, information associated with great joy or great grief will certainly be remembered deeply and for a long time.

2. Concentration

The ability to abstract from external distractions and focus on the object of memorization also plays a significant role. In conjunction with the ability to concentrate, of course, there are motivation for memorization and willpower.

3. Interest

This is one of the most productive states for memorization. Interest in something releases incredible energy potential, and the person falls into the so-called state of flow. Many are probably familiar with the state when some activity is so exciting that sometimes even the need for food and sleep is forgotten.

4. Physical and psychological condition

Obviously, in a harmonious state, a person will be more effective. It is quite another matter when the body's resources are depleted by lack of sleep, poor nutrition, illness or emotional stress. In this case, there will simply not be enough energy for the full-fledged activity of the brain.

5. Importance and usefulness of information

It is easier for us to remember what is applicable in our daily life. The protective mechanisms of the brain quickly erase useless information from the operative memory, so that an overload does not occur. As an example, a foreign language is quickly forgotten if there is no constant language practice.

Rapid memorization techniques

1. Associations

Associations can be used to create connections between new, unfamiliar information and old, well-studied information. This method is especially good when you need to memorize something with maximum accuracy. For example, a passage from a work of art, a poem, foreign words, a set of symbols, or a theoretical definition.

Examples of different types of associations:

• Consonance: ion pair - horse pair;
• Simple associations: snowboard - winter - snow - north - deer - antlers;
• Concretizing concepts: mammal - cow, berry - blackberry;
• Similarity of shapes and colors: graphite - night, planet - ball

2. Structuring

To quickly assimilate information will help breaking it down into logical sections and building cause-and-effect relationships between them.

For example, in history, the points of separation can be some turning points: the beginning of a war, the conclusion of a treaty, restructuring in the government, revolution. And connections will be formed around these key points in the analysis of previous and subsequent events (for example: the causes of the war, the consequences of the war);

3. Emotional content

As noted earlier, what has a bright emotional color is better remembered. Therefore, by linking memorized information with personal emotional experiences, this process can be significantly accelerated. A text read dramatically with appropriate gestures and facial expressions will be remembered much better and faster than it, but read monotonously and emotionlessly;

4. Intention

Preliminary volitional adjustment to learn a given amount of information will also increase the effectiveness of memorization;

5. Practical examples

Long-term memorization is facilitated by the awareness of the applicability of the studied material in real life situations. Therefore, it is important to draw your own conclusions from any cognizable information: ethical lessons, current legislative precedents or everyday tricks. Anything that is of practical use will take root in the memory for a long time.

The complex application of the above methods will significantly reduce the time spent on memorization. And as a bonus, boring cramming is transformed into a fun learning practice.