Astronomy for children 5 years old. An easy way for your child to remember the planets of the solar system. Didactic games on astronomy
Why is it so much easier for children to remember the planets of the solar system than it might seem? Yes, because there is an easy way that can help the kids. And we will tell you about this method now. Almost every child after 5 years begins to be interested in space, celestial bodies and planets of the solar system. Remember yourself during these years, how you were drawn to the starry sky and its secrets. Children are especially fascinated by this topic, so stories about stars and constellations can captivate children for a long time.
So how can you help your child form the most correct concepts in the field of astronomy? First of all, it is necessary to pay attention to the age of the child and the degree of his interest in this issue. You shouldn’t overload a six-year-old baby with serious data about the mass of planets or their chemical composition, but the names, satellites, and locations in the starry sky can be explained quite clearly. In this article we will focus on the age of children from 5 to 10 years. But, of course, you will have to decide what specific information to convey to children yourself. But then you can safely say that it’s yours! 🙂
How to tell your child about the planets of the solar system
In order for a child to learn the material well, it must be clearly demonstrated. Therefore, you will need pictures with planets, constellations, celestial bodies and stars. You can prepare a small computer presentation and place all the necessary images in it. A short video in the form of a . The main thing is that your student does not get bored and easily perceives what you say. Don’t overwhelm him with complex phrases, tell him everything simply and naturally. Learning should take place in a playful way, then the child will not get bored and will remember all the basic information.
So let's decide
What exactly can you tell your child about space and the solar system?
- What is the solar system.
- The history of the origin of planets.
- Satellites of the planets.
- The names of the planets and the order of their location relative to the Sun.
- A short description of each planet.
How to easily remember the order of planets in the sky
There is one simple way for children to remember the planets of the Solar System. However, for adults too. It is very similar to how we remember the colors of the rainbow. All children love various counting rhymes, thanks to which information remains in memory for a long time. To memorize the planets of the solar system, I can suggest you learn a poem with the guys, which you can compose yourself, or use the work of A. Hight:
All planets in order
Any of us can name:
One - Mercury,
Two - Venus,
Three - Earth,
Four - Mars.
Five - Jupiter,
Six - Saturn,
Seven - Uranus,
Behind him is Neptune.
Think back to how you memorized the colors of the rainbow as a child. The same principle can be applied to the names of the planets. Construct a phrase in which each word begins with the same letter as a planet in the solar system in the order of its location from the Sun. For example:
M s Mercury
IN meet Venus
Z Tomorrow Earth
M oya Mars
YU Naya Jupiter
WITH traveler Saturn
U I fly Uranus
N for a long time Pluto
This is just an example; in fact, you can come up with anything, as long as it is close to your child’s spirit and he easily remembers the entire sentence. Now that we have figured out exactly how any information should be presented to children, we can move on to the direct knowledge that you will teach young astronomers.
And finally, an interesting and simple story for children about
What is the solar system
The solar system is all the cosmic bodies that revolve around the Sun according to their clearly defined trajectories. These include 8 planets and their satellites (their composition is constantly changing, as some objects are discovered, others lose their status), many comets, asteroids and meteorites.
History of the origin of planets
There is no definite opinion on this matter, there are only theories and guesses. According to the most common opinion, about 5 billion years ago, one of the clouds of the Galaxy began to shrink towards the center and formed our Sun. The formed body had a tremendous gravitational force, and all the particles of gas and dust around began to connect and stick together into balls (these are the current planets).
The sun as a star and the center of the solar system
The planets revolve in their orbits around a huge star called the Sun. The planets themselves do not emit any heat, and if it were not for the light of the Sun that they reflect, then life on Earth would never have arisen. There is a certain classification of stars, according to which the Sun is a yellow dwarf, approximately 5 billion years old.
Satellites of the planets
The solar system does not consist only of planets; it also includes natural satellites, including the well-known Moon. In addition to Venus and Mercury, each planet has a certain number of satellites, today there are more than 63. New celestial bodies are constantly being discovered thanks to photographs taken by automatic spacecraft. They are capable of detecting even the smallest satellite with a diameter of only 10 km (Leda, Jupiter).
Characteristics of each planet in the solar system
1. Mercury. This planet is closest to the Sun; in the entire system it is considered the smallest. Mercury has a hard surface, like all four inner planets (those closest to the center). It has the highest rotation speed. During the day, the planet practically burns under the sun's rays (+350?), and at night it freezes (-170?).
2. Venus. This planet is more similar to Earth than others in its size and brightness. There are always a lot of clouds around it, which makes observation difficult. The entire surface of Venus is a hot rocky desert.
3.
Earth - the only one plan A planet on which there is water, and therefore life. It has an ideal location in relation to the Sun: close enough to receive light and heat in the right quantities, and far enough not to get burned by the rays. The Earth has one satellite - Moon.
4.
Mars. Some scientists have suggested that life also exists on this planet because it has a number of similarities with Earth. But numerous studies have found no signs of life there. At the moment, two natural satellites of Mars are known: Phobos and Deimos.
5.
Jupiter – the largest planet in the solar system, 10 times larger than Earth in diameter and 300 times larger in mass. Jupiter consists of hydrogen, helium and other gases and has 16 satellites.
6.
Saturn – the most interesting planet for children, as it has rings that are formed from dust, stones and ice. There are three main rings around Saturn, each about 30 meters thick.
7. Uranus. This planet also has rings, but they are much more difficult to see and they only appear at certain times. The main feature of Uranus is its manner of rotation, performed in the “lying on its side” mode.
8. Neptune. Astronomy today calls this planet the last in the solar system. Neptune was discovered only in 1989, since it is located very far from the Sun. Its surface looks blue from space, which cannot but amaze us.
Until 2006, there were 9 planets, including Pluto. But according to the latest scientific data, this space object is no longer called a planet. It’s a pity... Although, it has become easier for children to remember. 🙂
Well? Do you think our simple tips will help children remember the planets of the solar system? Or do you know an easier way?
Quiz about space for preschoolers 6 – 7 years old “Journey to the Solar Kingdom”
Kovalchuk Valentina Nikolaevna. Educator. Kindergarten No. 90. city of Tyumen.Description: This quiz allows you to consolidate and expand children's knowledge of astronomy among preschoolers of the preparatory group and primary school. It is very important that children receive the scientific foundations of astronomy in a language they can understand.
Target: Develop a cognitive interest in astronomy.
Tasks:
To consolidate and clarify children’s ideas about planet Earth, the planets of the solar system, stars, some cosmic phenomena and objects moving throughout the Universe.
Enrich and activate children's vocabulary in astronomy.
Develop coherent dialogical speech in children.
Develop visual-figurative thinking.
Develop a culture of communication, the ability to listen without interrupting.
Preparation: Reading books, looking at illustrations, making observations, memorizing poems, solving riddles.
Quiz progress
Questions and answers
1. What is the sun? The sun is a star in the solar system. The Earth and other planets of the solar system revolve around the Sun.Child:
“Sunny is a coin,” the stingy man grumbled.
No, a frying pan! - the glutton cried.
“No, it’s a loaf,” the baker said.
Compass,” the sailor said with conviction.
The sun is a star, the astronomer announced.
“A kind heart,” the dreamer decided.
2. Is it possible to walk on the Sun? No. The sun is a star, a huge hot ball of gas. If anything falls into the sun, it will immediately turn into gas. This is such unimaginable heat in the sun!
3. Why do people affectionately call the sun “sun”? Because people love the Sun. It shines, it warms, there is a whirlpool of water in nature, plants produce oxygen, solar power plants generate electricity.
Child:
Our sun has a hundred worries:
Heat our garden
Bloom all the flowers,
Stay on the veranda
After the rain, on the run,
Make a rainbow arc.
And Natasha-laughing
Throw hemp on the nose.
4. Where does the sun spend the night? Our planet Earth constantly rotates around its axis and exposes the sun's rays first to one side (then day comes), then the other side (then night comes).
Child:
Why, in the evening, the sun
In a hurry to escape?
Probably by the sun
Desire to lie down?
Probably by the sun
Is there a soft bed?
It's probably sunny there
It's terrible to sleep softly!
Maybe it's just the sunshine
We are tired of shining
And the sun really needs it
Recharge yourself?
Good night, sunshine!
We can wait
And tomorrow with the first ray of light
You will come to us again!
5. Why is there winter and summer? The imaginary axis of the planet Earth is tilted. Planet Earth moves in orbit around the Sun for a whole year. When the northern hemisphere, in which our country is located, turns away from the sun, winter sets in. It's summer in the southern hemisphere at this time. The Earth runs further in its orbit, and little by little the northern hemisphere turns towards the Sun and spring comes here, and then summer. In the southern hemisphere, autumn comes first, and then winter.
6. On what planet does day last for a whole year, and night lasts for a whole year? On Mercury. Why? Mercury rushes around the Sun in its orbit much faster than a spaceship, and rotates around itself very slowly: a year is day, a year is night.
7. How many planets are there in the solar system? Eight. In what order are they from the sun?
Child:
All planets in order
Any of us can name:
One - Mercury,
Two - Venus,
Three - Earth,
Four - Mars.
Five - Jupiter,
Six - Saturn,
Seven - Uranus,
Behind him is Neptune.
Author: Arkady Khait
8. Why is Mars red? The earth on Mars is red-brown in color.
9. Which planet is the largest? Jupiter.
10. What is the name of a star that is visible even during the day? This is the planet Venus. It appears to be a shiny silver ball, but it does not glow itself, but simply reflects sunlight. Up close, its surface is reddish-brown.
11. Why does everything fall to Earth? The force of gravity acts.
12. Why doesn't the Moon fall to Earth? The Moon is a satellite of the Earth (it rotates around the Earth in its orbit). Like the Earth and other planets of the solar system - satellites of the Sun (rotate around it).
13. Why is the Moon in the evening sky sometimes full and round, sometimes only half visible, sometimes a thin crescent? The moon circles our planet in 28 days. And the part of the Moon that is illuminated by the Sun is bright.
14. Which planets do not have satellites? At Mercury and Venus.
Which planet has the most satellites? Jupiter now has 60 known.
15. Each planet has something of its own,
What distinguishes her most clearly.
You will certainly recognize Saturn by sight -
A large ring surrounds it.
It is not continuous, it is made up of different stripes.
Saturn has the most developed ring system. What are Saturn's rings made of? Saturn's rings made of dust and ice.
16. What are stars?
Child:
What are stars?
If they ask you -
Answer boldly:
Hot gas.
And also add,
What's more, it's always
Nuclear reactor -
Every star!
Author: Rimma Aldonina
17. Is it possible to count the stars in the sky? No.
18. Can stars fall from the sky? No. These small solid meteoric bodies, falling from outer space, become heated and, burning, begin to glow like stars.
19. What have astronomers done to better navigate the sky? Astronomers divided the sky into regions, and the stars into groups, constellations. They connected the brightest stars in the group with each other with imaginary lines and looked at what they resembled. This is how Cancer, Swan, Cassiopeia, Hercules, Ursa Major and Ursa Minor appeared in the sky...
20. What are the names of the astronomical buildings in which scientists observe and study the stars? Observatories. They are located far from populated areas or in the mountains. Equipped with telescopes. After all, you can only watch the stars in a clear sky.
21. What are the names of the instruments through which you can observe the stars? Telescopes.
22. Milky Way. What is this?
Child:
Black velvet sky
Embroidered with stars.
Light path
Runs across the sky.
From edge to edge
It spreads easily
It's like someone spilled
Milk across the sky.
But no, of course, in the sky
No milk, no juice,
We are a star system
This is how we see ours from the side.
This is how we see galaxies
Native distant light -
Space for astronautics
For many thousands of years.
Author: Rimma Aldonina.
Outdoor game “Let's collect the stars”
The teacher lays out multi-colored stars in the group. You need to collect the stars in different baskets, sorting by color.
Third from the sun,
Not the largest of the planets.
But of all the planets, she is the only one
On which there is life.
(Earth)
A large bucket is visible in the sky.
Children dream of drinking from it.
(Big Dipper)
At night he looks into the darkness
Through a huge pipe.
He wants to open his
A very distant star.
(Astronomer)
There is a special pipe
The Universe is visible in it,
See the stars kaleidoscope
Astronomers in …(telescope).
They shine in the sky in the dark,
Although no one turns them on.
(Stars)
You are coming to us from space,
You pull your long tail behind you.
Some of you
They visit us more than once.
(Comet)
You are the empty areas of the Universe
Beyond the boundaries of celestial bodies.
You are darkness, almost a vacuum,
Exciting the minds of scientists.
(Space)
Twelve times a year is born,
He either loses weight or gains weight.
Lights up a clear night
But it doesn't warm up.
(Moon, month)
Solid body from space
Weighing from grams to tons.
Flies through the atmosphere
It hits the Earth.
(Meteorite)
A wide white stripe ran across the sky
Night sky divided in half.
(Milky Way)
Child:
Black velvet sky
Embroidered with stars.
Light path
Runs across the sky.
From edge to edge
It spreads easily
It's like someone spilled
Milk across the sky.
But no, of course, in the sky
No milk, no juice,
We are a star system
This is how we see ours from the side.
This is how we see galaxies
Native distant light -
Space for astronautics
For many thousands of years.
Author: Rimma Aldonina
Above the forest, above the mountains, a carpet spreads out.
It is spread like a tent over you and over me,
Sometimes it’s gray, sometimes it’s blue, sometimes it’s bright blue.
(Sky)
Astronomy- the oldest science about the Universe, the subject of study of which is cosmic objects, as well as processes and phenomena associated with them.
Since the first human flight into space, the main children's answer to the question “What do you want to become?” was the answer “Cosmonaut!”
People's interest in space will never fade; it attracts us with its secrets and universal scale. Looking at the starry sky, people have always asked themselves the main questions.
Today, in the times of space rockets, satellites and lunar rovers, we have something to tell our children.
However, the scale of the universe is difficult to imagine even for an adult.
All that remains is to figure out how interesting it is to tell your child about space and introduce him to the first basics of astronomy.
How to tell
Given the characteristics of childhood, it is very important to make the story simple and effective. To do this, you can use visual experiments; we describe an example of such experiments below. Thus, it will be much easier for the child to become familiar with thematic concepts that are difficult for him.
Today, parents are offered a large number of thematic materials that can also be used in their story.
Preschool children perfectly absorb information presented in a playful form, in the form of a fairy tale or poem.
And if you manage to surprise and charm a child’s imagination, perhaps the child will not only become interested in astronomy, but also fall in love with this science.
When telling your child about space for the first time, think about the fact that maybe, as an adult, looking at the stars, he will remember your activities and smile.
What to tell
Introduction
Look at the sky. It seems that it is very close - stretch out your hand and touch the sun or the moon, but if you climb to the top of a tall tree, you will find yourself right next to them. But actually it is not. Neither we can reach the sky with our hands, nor the trees with their tops. The sun, moon and stars are very far from us. These are large planets that you need to fly to in a spaceship.
There are 8 planets in the solar system. They all revolve around the Sun, constantly along the same path, which is called an orbit. And one of these planets is our Earth.
What to tell:
The Sun is a large and very hot planet - it is a star - a huge, hot ball. It is very far away, but the heat from its rays reaches all the planets circling around it, and ours too. That's why it's warm here.
Not all stars are like the Sun. There are small stars, and medium ones, and huge ones - larger than the Sun.
The brightest among all the stars in the sky are the North Star and Sirius.
The sun is much larger than our planet. If you compare them, it’s like a watermelon and a small pea.
Visual material:
To compare the size of the Sun with the size of the Earth, you can take a pumpkin or watermelon and a pea. The pea is our Earth, the pumpkin is the Sun.
The earth is as much smaller than the sun as a pea is smaller than a pumpkin.
Moon
What to tell:
The moon is a satellite of our planet; it is only three days away.
The Moon moves around the Earth counterclockwise.
We see the moon only at night. The moon, as we see it in the sky, is not always the same shape. There are the following phases of the moon: new moon, crescent moon, first quarter of the waxing moon, waxing moon, full moon and then decreasing: waning moon, quarter of the waning moon, crescent of the waning moon, new moon again.
If the crescent in the sky looks like the letter C, then the moon is “old” and waning. If we visually draw a stick and get the letter P, then the moon is growing.
These phases can be depicted for the child on paper or by cutting them out of colored cardboard.
Visual material:
To demonstrate why the moon is sometimes round and sometimes crescent-shaped, take a regular table lamp and a ball. Conduct an experiment together by creating a moon at home. Show your child that we only see the illuminated part of the ball.
our planet
What to tell:
Our planet - planet Earth - is surrounded by an atmosphere. This is a protective layer that saves inhabitants from solar ultraviolet radiation, as well as from most meteorites. It can be compared to a blanket of air. It is thanks to him that our planet has the air that we breathe.
The most important difference between our planet and others is the presence of life on it.
It is believed that the rest of the space is lifeless. The faith and desire of people to find life on other planets forces us to design spaceships to travel into space in order to study it.
Visual material:
You can boil a chicken egg and use its example to explain to your child what the Earth’s atmosphere is. Our planet is surrounded by a multi-layered atmosphere, just as the yolk of an egg is surrounded by white.
Other planets of the solar system
What to tell:
There are only 8 planets in the solar system.
The largest of them is Jupiter. And the most interesting one is Saturn, because it has huge rings around it.
Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune also have rings, but they cannot be seen from Earth.
Pluto was one of the last to be discovered. At first it was considered to be the ninth planet. It was discovered in 1930. But, over time, it was classified into another category of cosmic bodies, “dwarf planets.”
Planets are considered to be cosmic bodies that:
- revolve around some star (in the case of the Solar System, this is the Sun);
- have their own gravity, which explains their spherical (round) or close to spherical shape;
- are not located near other similar large bodies;
- are not a star.
Visual material:
To remember the names of all the planets in the solar system, you can learn a short rhyme:
All planets in order
Any of us can name:
One - Mercury,
Two - Venus,
Three - Earth,
Four - Mars.
Five - Jupiter,
Six - Saturn,
Seven - Uranus,
Behind him is Neptune.
He is the eighth in a row.
And after him, then,
And the ninth planet
Called Pluto.
Stars
What to tell:
The closest star to us is the sun.
There are a huge number of stars in space that cannot be counted.
Any star is a hot ball of gas that was formed from hydrogen molecules joined together.
A cluster of stars forms constellations.
Visual material:
To tell why the sun shines so brightly, take a regular flashlight or phosphor stars. With the lights off, hold them close to your baby so he can see how bright they burn.
Then slowly move to the end of the room, demonstrating that the luminous objects, moving away, become small and faded. Explain that the stars only appear small because they are very far away from us.
Telescopes help us see them closer by zooming in on images of stars and allowing us to see them better.
How a rocket flies
What to tell:
On April 12, our country celebrates Cosmonautics Day. On this day in 1961, our people's dream of flying into space came true - the first cosmonaut in history, Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin, flew into space on the Vostok-1 spacecraft. Its flight around the Earth lasted 108 minutes. Since then, we have celebrated Cosmonautics Day every year on this day.
Visual material:
Inflate the balloon and pinch the hole with your fingers. And then unclench your fingers and your ball will suddenly burst upward. This happens because air escapes from the balloon. And when the air runs out, the ball will fall. The balloon flew like a rocket - it moved forward as long as there was air in it.
A rocket flies into space using approximately the same principle, only instead of air it has fuel. When burning, the fuel turns into gas and bursts back into flame.
A rocket is made of several parts called stages, and each stage has its own fuel tank.
The first stage runs out of fuel - it falls away and the second stage engine immediately turns on and carries the rocket even faster and even higher. So only the third stage - the smallest and lightest - reaches space. It launches the cabin with the astronaut into orbit.
Games on the topic
1. Game "What will we take with us into space"
Lay out the drawings in front of your child and ask them to choose what they can take with them on the spaceship.
These can be the following pictures: a book, a notebook, a spacesuit, an apple, candy, a tube of semolina, an alarm clock, a sausage.
2. Game "Space Dictionary"
The game will help your child replenish his vocabulary with words related to the theme of space.
Whoever can name the most words related to space wins.
For example: satellite, rocket, alien, planets, Moon, Earth, astronaut, spacesuit, etc.
3. Game "Say the opposite"
The goal of the game is to teach the child to choose words with opposite meanings - antonyms.
For example:
Distant -…
cramped -…
big -…
get up -…
bright -…
fly away -...
high -…
famous -…
include -…
dark -…
4. Game "Navigating by the stars"
Together with your child, imagine that you are sailors lost in the Pacific Ocean. Ask your child to cut out small stars from paper and help glue them to the back of the tabletop to create the constellations Ursa Minor and Ursa Major.
Cover the table with a blanket - this will be your ship, take a flashlight and climb inside. It's night, the only compass has sunk, and all you can see are the stars above your heads (you can illuminate them with a flashlight).
Show your child how to use the stars to find their way.
Try together, looking at the stars, to determine which direction you should sail if you are heading east.
5. Game "Space Stones"
Every kitchen has baking foil. Such material can easily turn into space balls-rocks.
Scatter them in visible places so that the child can then collect these space stones. Then they can be thrown at a target or simply into a bowl, training accuracy.
Books for children on the topic
1. "Amazing starry sky. Atlas with stickers", S. Andreev.
2. "Discovering Space", Morton Jenkins.
3. "Professor Astrocat and His Journey into Space", Dominic Walliman and Ben Newman.
4. “Space”, D. Kostyukov, Z. Surova.
5. "Fascinating astronomy", E. Kachur.
6. Series "Your first encyclopedia", book "Wonderful Planet", publishing house "Makhaon".
7. Series "The very first encyclopedia", book "Planet Earth", publishing house "Rosman".
8. “My first book about space”, K. Portsevsky, M. Lukyanov.
9. "Stars and Planets. Encyclopedia for Children", E. Prati.
10. “Petya’s extraordinary adventures in space,” A. Ivanov, V. Merzlenko.
Cartoons on the topic
1. Cartoon series "Children and Space"
2. Educational cartoon "Planet Earth"
3. Entertaining lessons from Sahakyants “Astronomy for the little ones”
4. "The Secret of the Third Planet"
5. "Dunno on the Moon"
7. "Pep Pig", episode "A Trip to the Moon"
8. "Star Dogs: Belka and Strelka"
9. "Belka and Strelka: lunar adventures"
10. "Egon and Donchi"
11. "The Lunar Expedition of Christopher Cullumbus"
12. "Tom and Jerry: Flight to Mars"
13. "The Mystery of the Red Planet"
14. "Planet 51"
15. "Great Space Adventure"
16. "Planet of the Wind"
17. "Let's fly to the moon"
18. "Wally"
19. "Treasure Planet"
20. "Smeshariki: pin code collection"
Educational material on the topic
- Magazine "School of 7 Dwarfs - 4+: Kids about stars and planets";
- Magazine "The World Around Us", No. 1,5,7;
- Solar system map;
- Thematic cards;
Space crafts for kids
1. A rocket with a photo of your child astronaut.
Needed: photo of your baby, colored cardboard or paper.
2. Rocket from a plastic bottle.
Needed: plastic bottle, sock, cardboard, foil and thread.
3. Constellation spotlight.
Needed: a flashlight, circles cut out along the diameter of the flashlight with holes made in the shape of a constellation, paper cupcake molds, lace.
4. Touch space box.
Needed: clear plastic box, lentils, black beans, decorative glass balls, shiny sequins, space toys, small lanterns.
5. Space robot suit.
Needed: large cardboard box, tape, old wires, foil, stickers, markers, fantasy.
Where to look at the stars in Moscow
1. Observatories
Observatory- a specialized scientific structure and/or institution used for observing terrestrial and/or astronomical phenomena.
Some observatories make observations only when the weather is clear.
The operating hours of observatories should be clarified with the institution; please note that some observatories are open only 2 summer months a year, others from May to September.
Moscow City Palace of Children and Youth Creativity
M. University, st. Kosygina, 17, cor. 1
Price: free.
Astronomical Observatory of Moscow State University(State Astronomical Institute named after P.K. Sternberg at Moscow State University)
Moscow, Universitetsky Prospekt, 13
Price: free.
Observatory at the Moscow Planetarium
M. Barrikadnaya, Sadovaya-Kudrinskaya, 5, building 1
Price: on weekdays 250 rubles, on weekends 300 rubles.
People's Observatory on the territory of Gorky Park
M. Gorky Park, Oktyabrskaya.
Price: 200 rub.
People's Observatory on the territory of Sokolniki Park
M. Sokolniki, park territory
Price: 150 rub.
From Thursday to Sunday you can rent an external telescope for 50 rubles.
2. Planetariums
Planetarium - a scientific and educational institution that displays the celestial sphere with stars, planets and satellites, comets and meteors; as well as phenomena associated with celestial bodies.
Moscow Planetarium
Moscow, Sadovaya-Kudrinskaya st., 5, building 1
Price: from 100 rub.
Planetarium of the Central House of the Russian Army
Moscow, Suvorovskaya square, 2, building 32
Price: 200 rub.
Planetarium of the Cultural Center of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
Moscow, Suvorovskaya sq., 2, building 32.
Price: 200 rub.
Lesson 1
Topic: “Introduction to the science of astronomy».
Software tasks:
- Clarify and specify existing information about the Solar System.
- Reveal to children the prospect of knowledge: “Today I will tell you about the most ancient of sciences - astronomy.”
- Convey certain unknown or previously known facts and information about the ancient science of astronomy: “What kind of science is astronomy?”, “What does astronomy study?”, “What are stars?”, “What are people who study astronomy called?”.
- Introduction of words denoting elementary concepts: astronomy, telescope, astronauts, celestial bodies, motto.
Methodical techniques:
- Verbal:
a) problematic issues;
b) clarifying questions;
c) the teacher’s story;
- Practical: drawing using the scratch technique.
- Visual: image of the starry sky.
Progress:
Greetings:
Part I
Children, do any of you already know about the solar system? That the Sun is... (a huge star, a ball), and our Earth is... (a planet). It is round, like other planets. The Earth has a satellite, it is ... (Moon).
Part II
Children, do you know what science studies the Sun, stars, planets and other cosmic bodies? What do you think a planet is? Star? Satellite? What do people know about their structure? How many planets are there in our solar system? Do you want me to tell you about this?
Today I will tell you about the most ancient of sciences - astronomy, which studies the stars, the Sun, planets and other cosmic bodies.
We are the space squad
Five very friendly guys
- - Gagarin
- - Titov
- - Leonov
- - Komarov
- - a woman, not a man
Tereshkova Valentina
Part III
Astronomy is the most ancient of sciences. In ancient times, when our ancestors still lived in caves, they, like us, looked at the sky every night. Numerous points sparkled above their heads in the dark heights, slowly passing their circle from one place in the sky to another. They disappeared by morning, only to reappear the next night. And where the huge bright circle of the Sun sparkled during the day, the Moon sparkled at night, dispelling the darkness. Man needed heaven in everything and always. The sky then replaced the compass, the clock, and the calendar. Travelers found their direction using the stars. The stars were asked if morning was soon. The stars determined when spring would come. People looked at the sky for a long time, as if enchanted, admired, were surprised and thought, thought, thought... What are stars? How did they appear in the sky? Why did they scatter across the sky in this particular way and not otherwise? Why does the sun shine?
But these questions could not be answered. Therefore, astronomy, among all other sciences, lived for many millennia with the words: “look and think”!
Why do you think? (children's answers)
Large distances separate humans from the stars, planets and the Sun. You won’t reach them, you won’t reach them, much less you won’t reach them with your hand, you won’t conduct any experiments or experiments called “The Birth of a Star.” One could only peer into the depths of the heavens and compare with what they saw yesterday.
How did people on earth know what the black sky is, what the Moon is, what the stars are, what the Sun is? After all, no matter how much you look at the sky, even all night long, the sky still seems like a ceiling, the Sun and Moon are like flat light pancakes, and the stars are just bright dots.
That's right, people invented a special device for studying and observing the stars, the Sun, and planets - a telescope.
Physical education lesson “Cosmonauts”
What are people who study the Sun, stars, and planets called? (astronomers).
The telescope was first used by the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei. Almost 400 years ago, he built a powerful telescope, with the help of which he was able to discover many things that no one had guessed before. It turned out that the Sun is a huge ball, and the Moon is also a huge ball, and the stars are also huge balls. It happens that a large street lamp seems like a dot when it is many kilometers away. Everything that is in space is called celestial bodies. They are all very different.
This is how the science of astronomy has come a long way from the incomprehensible, unknown to the first discoveries.
Now astronomers use more powerful telescopes, allowing them to study celestial bodies even better. Remind me what these celestial bodies are?
And to explore distant planets, scientists have designed special devices: rockets, self-propelled vehicles, artificial satellites, which allow astronomers to learn about celestial bodies without leaving their planet. I will tell you about them later.
Part IV
Creation:
Making a drawing using the grattage technique.
Part V
Questions:
What ancient science have we met today?
What does this science study?
What are people who study celestial bodies called?
Why did the motto of ancient astronomers sound like this: “Look and think!”?
Homework: I suggest you each come up with your own motto for flying to the stars (you can do it with mom or dad).
Parting:
"We'll fly in space."
1,2,3,4,5.
We will fly in space.
1 – comet.
2 – planet.
3 – lunar rover.
4 – starship.
5 – earth, bye!
Goodbye friends!
Preview:
Lesson 2
Topic: “Historical background».
Software tasks:
- Clarify and specify the available information about the origin of astronomy.
- Reveal the perspective of knowledge to children: “Today I will tell you about the history of astronomy.”
- Repeat the facts and information about the ancient science of astronomy that you learned in the previous lesson: “What kind of science is astronomy?”, “What does astronomy study?”, “What are stars?”, “What are people who study astronomy called?”
- Pass on new knowledge: “What was the first information about Space? », « How did people imagine the celestial sphere? », « One of the first astronomical instruments », « The emergence of our world in mythology »
- Expand children's vocabulary based on familiarization with a gradually increasing range of concepts.
- Introduction of words denoting elementary concepts: telescope, observatory, astrologer.
Methodical techniques:
Verbal:
a) problematic issues;
b) clarifying questions;
c) the teacher’s story;
d) homework: come up with your own motto.
Practical:.
Craft “Telescope” made of cardboard and foil
Drawing of a house with a telescope
Conduct an experiment with a lens
Visual:
Star map.
Projector starry sky
Progress:
Greetings:
The lights dim and everyone sits in a circle. We begin the countdown: 5,4,3,2,1 start - we jump up and sit down in our seats.
Astronomy is a science that studies outer space and the objects in it, as well as the changes that occur with stars and galaxies. By studying astronomy, we learn what happens in space. But space is so vast that all the great scientists have not fully unraveled its secrets!
So where did the word “space” come to us? It is actually a Greek word that refers to the orderliness and interconnectedness of the universe.
But where to start getting acquainted with space? There are many planets, satellites, stars, systems and galaxies in space. We will begin our scientific journey by watching a cartoon about Space.
Video:
Fragment of the cartoon “Why. How our Universe appeared” for about 5 minutes.
Continuation of the story:
People have been observing the Sun, Moon, and stars since ancient times. Over time, the places from which regular astronomical observations were made began to be called observatories.
Display on the observatory screen. Discussion of its shape and location.
With the advent of telescopes it was necessary to build special buildings. Such buildings are easy to recognize: instead of a roof, they have a rotating dome with sliding walls for a telescope.
(Display of “exhibits” - illustrations of views of several observatories.)
The first telescope was invented by an Italian scientist Galileo Galilei , which was installed on one of the towers in Venice. (Showing a portrait of a scientist and his invention.)
the first telescopes looked like a tube into which they were inserted at both ends lenses – magnifying glasses (showing lenses). Over time, people learned to build huge lens telescopes - several times larger than human height. But they were bulky and provided little magnification.
Experience:
Each child in turn is given a very small image and a magnifying glass. We look at the picture without a magnifying glass, then through it. We conclude that lenses magnify the image.
Continuation of the story:
Later, telescopes appeared in which the image was magnified thousands of times. A person without instruments can see 5,000 stars, but with a telescope - much more.
Now scientists have inventedspace telescopes(showing illustrations), radio telescopes (show illustrations). They are tens of thousands of times better than optical telescopes and can tell us a lot about distant star worlds.
Questions:
1. Why can’t you build an observatory in the depths of a dark forest? (Tree branches will block the sky from the observer.)
2. What other words, besides the word telescope, do you know with the particle “tele-”? (telephone, TV, TV movie).
3. Draw a picture of a telescope house. Why can’t a lantern be lit above the entrance to this house? (The lantern with its light will interfere with astronomers’ observation of the stars, because the light of the stars is weaker than the light of the lantern.)
Finger gymnastics “Cosmos”
We are the space squad
Five very friendly guys
Gagarin
Titov
Leonov
Komarov
A woman, not a man
Tereshkova Valentina
Creation:
Drawing of a house with a telescope.
Teacher's story:
What is the Earth like?
In ancient times, people considered the Earth to be flat, like a pancake, or semicircular, like a crust of bread, lying on three elephants, which in turn stood on a huge turtle. The turtle swam in the vast ocean. When earthquakes occurred, people believed that this sea monster beat its tail and caused waves that rocked the flat earth. Above the ground, like a stretched ceiling, was the sky with many stars.
The earth is similar to a sphere, but does not have the shape of a perfect sphere. The great English scientist Isaac Newton assumed that the Earth should be flattened at the poles due to the action of gravity.
But in fact, the Earth is not a strict geometric figure; it has numerous protrusions - mountains, depressions - seas and oceans.
Creation:
Telescope made of cardboard and foil
Questions:
Guess the riddles:
There is a round house on a hill,
You can't see the light in it at night.
Behind a swarm of stars at midnight
A tireless eye watches. (Observatory)
You can look at it without difficulty
Distant forest and cities,
Planets, stars, edge of heaven
And many other miracles. (Telescope)
The stars are all against
The wise one knows... (Stargazer)
Questions about the lesson:
What was the first information about Space and our planet?
What is the Earth like?
What shape is the Earth really?
Do you want to learn something new and interesting about the science of astronomy?
Parting:
"We'll fly in space."
1,2,3,4,5.
(Children rotate the brush, which is clenched into a fist)
We will fly in space.
(Children take turns extending their fingers, starting with the thumb)
1 – comet.
2 – planet.
3 – lunar rover.
4 – starship.
5 – earth, bye!
(Children wave goodbye)
Goodbye friends!
Preview:
Lesson 3
Topic: “Great astronomers».
Software tasks:
- Clarify and specify the available information about great astronomers.
- Reveal the prospect of knowledge to children: “Today we will meet great astronomers.”
- Convey certain unknown or previously known facts and information about the ancient science of astronomy: “Who are astronomers”, “What discoveries were the most amazing”
- Expand children's vocabulary based on familiarization with a gradually increasing range of concepts.
- Introduction of words denoting elementary concepts: astronomer, celestial bodies, discoveries.
Methodical techniques:
- Verbal:
a) problematic issues;
b) clarifying questions;
c) the teacher’s story;
d) homework: find information about one great discovery in astronomy.
- Practical:
Craft “Stargazer Hat”
Filling the sensory box (at each lesson)
Projector starry sky
Progress:
Greetings:
The lights dim and everyone sits in a circle. We begin the countdown: 5,4,3,2,1 start - we jump up and sit down in our seats.
Introductory part, clarification of knowledge:
What was the first information about Space and our planet?
What is the Earth like?
What shape does the Earth really have?
Why are observatories needed?
Questions
Children, do you know who astronomers are? Which great astronomers made outstanding discoveries?
Teacher's story (it is advisable to use TSO - demonstration of an image of the starry sky).
For centuries, people have looked at the sky and marveled at its mysteries. Over the past few centuries, a few have stood out from the rest and expanded our knowledge of the universe in which we live. These famous astronomers made the most outstanding contributions to astronomy.
Video:
Viewing a fragment of the cartoon “Why. The most important discoveries in astronomy of the twentieth century"
Continuation of the story:
Copernican Revolution
Nicolaus Copernicus is an astronomer who is considered one of the founders of the scientific revolution. In his work “On the Rotation of the Celestial Spheres,” published in 1543, Copernicus made the discovery that the Sun is the star around which the Earth and other planets move. Previously, people thought that the Sun revolved around the Earth.
Outdoor game:
One child is chosen by the sun, the rest by the planets. First, the “Sun” goes around each planet. Then the child planets go around the Sun. We pay attention to the discovery of Copernicus.
Galileo Galilei
Another important discovery was made by Galileo Galilei, an Italian astronomer. One of his most famous achievements is the invention of the telescope. The scientist created the world's first optical instrument with lenses to observe the sky. Thanks to the telescope, the astronomer physicist determined that the surface of the Moon is not smooth, as previously thought. I discovered that there are spots on the Sun. He was convinced that the Earth rotates not only around the Sun, but also around its own axis, which causes the ebb and flow of the ocean
Display on the screen first a distant image of the moon, then a close-up one, looking at the craters.
Physical education lesson “Cosmonauts”
Finger gymnastics “Cosmos”
We are the space squad
Five very friendly guys
- - Gagarin
- - Titov
- - Leonov
- - Komarov
- - a woman, not a man
Tereshkova Valentina
Creation
- Modeling stars from plasticine. We lower the rockets into the sensory box.
- Application based on the “Astronomer” model
Continuing the conversation
Johannes Kepler
Astronomer Johannes Kepler believed that astronomy is the answer to the mysteries of the secret connection between space and man. He used his knowledge to predict the weather and crop yields. He introduced the concept of orbits. All of Kepler's scientific views were shrouded in mysticism and magic.
Creation:
Craft “Stargazer Hat”
Questions:
Why were people interested in studying celestial bodies?
How did people in ancient times notice that the pattern in the sky was changing?
What unusual discovery did Copernicus make? What did Galileo Galilei invent? What could Kepler have predicted?
Why didn't people who were not scientists believe astronomers?
Do you want to learn something new and interesting about the science of astronomy?
Homework:
Learn about great discoveries in astronomy.
Parting:
"We'll fly in space."
(Children take turns bending the fingers of one hand, starting with the little finger, helping with the index finger of the other hand)
1,2,3,4,5.
(Children rotate the brush, which is clenched into a fist)
We will fly in space.
(Children take turns extending their fingers, starting with the thumb)
1 – comet.
2 – planet.
3 – lunar rover.
4 – starship.
5 – earth, bye!
(Children wave goodbye)
Goodbye friends!
Preview:
Lesson 4
Topic: “Solar System”
Astronomical sign of the Sun
Software tasks.
- Continue work to familiarize children with the information accumulated by humanity on the way to understanding the world (about the Solar system).
- Be able to correctly give answers and assumptions when analyzing problem situations during a conversation about the Solar System.
- To intensify the search activity of children in the process of conducting the “Far - Close” experiment.
- Enrich your vocabulary by introducing certain words into communication practice: orbit, solar system.
- Practice ordinal counting when counting planets and typing letters.
Methods and techniques:
- Verbal:
c) the teacher’s story.
- Practical: conduct an experiment on the topic “Far - Close”.
Craft – solar system
- Visual:
a) use a diagram of the Solar System, photographs of scientists - astronomers.
b) give the children a coloring chart with their parents.
c) children drawing the solar system during a conversation
Progress:
Part I
- Children, you learned about the most ancient science that studies the Sun, stars, planets and other celestial bodies.
- What is the name of this science? (astronomy)
- What is she studying? (celestial bodies)
- What instruments help astronomers study celestial bodies?
That's right, without leaving their room, astronomers, using telescopes and artificial satellites, learn about distant planets, the Sun, Moon, stars - they study the Solar System.
Part II
- Children, do you know how the solar system works, what are the laws of motion in it? Do you want to know?
- Today I will tell you how the planets are located in the solar system, about the significance of the Sun in the life of the planets.
Part III
Previously, many, many years ago, there lived the astronomer Ptolemy. He assumed that the Earth was the center of the world, and the Sun and other planets revolved around the Earth. But, many years later, another astronomer, Nicolaus Copernicus, proved to everyone that
The sun is the center of the world, and the Earth and other planets revolve around it. No planet ever collides with another because they are very far apart in space. Each planet has its own path, its own circle in which it moves around the Sun - its own orbit. No planet will ever move away from the Sun. All of them are associated with the Sun. This is one friendly family. The order in this family is exemplary. The sun is the head of the family.
So, I think you have guessed for yourself why a certain order of planets around the Sun is called the Solar System? (Because the Sun is the center of the world).
There are a total of 9 planets in the solar system. Let's remember their name and location (the diagram shows the Sun and 9 planets)
Children are given diagrams of the solar system, which show only the sun and orbits. As the story progresses, planets are drawn. The screen shows what they look like.
The planet closest to the Sun is Mercury.
The second planet is Venus.
And the third planet is our Earth.
The fourth planet is Mars.
The fifth planet - the largest in our solar system - is Jupiter.
But Saturn is a planet with rings, the sixth from the Sun.
The seventh planet is Uranus.
The eighth planet is Neptune.
The farthest planet from the Sun is Pluto.
All these planets are of different sizes, but they are all significantly smaller than the Sun, which is in the center.
- Children, is the Sun a star or a planet? (star). Right. The sun is a star. A star does not change its place in the sky. The sun is a huge hot ball in the sky. It consists of fire. He has nothing solid inside. If there were a giant larger than the Sun, he could freely pierce him with a stick, as one pierces the fire of a fire. This would not spoil the sun, but the stick would immediately burst into flames and burn.
How far is it from the Sun? It takes 2000 years for a pedestrian to walk to the Sun, 200 years to drive a car, and 20 years even to fly to the Sun on a rocket. Boys will get into the rocket, and bearded guys will come out.
But a sunbeam reaches the Earth in 8 minutes. That's speed!
Creation:
Solar system. Making a solar system using plasticine and wooden skewers
Why is the Sun so big, but seems small to us? Who saw the plane up close, what is it like? (children's answers)
Who saw the plane in the sky? What is he like? (children's answers)
How can we explain this: on Earth we see a large plane, and in the sky we see a large moving point (children’s answers).
Stars are very similar to our Sun. They are also made of fire. Stars, like the Sun, are huge balls of fire, some of them even larger than the Sun. The Sun is simply closer to us than other stars. That's why the Sun shines so brightly and warms. And the stars are much further from us than the Sun, so the light from them is weak and there is no heat at all.
Do you want to check this?
Experience:
Let's conduct the "Far - Close" experiment (to introduce children to how distance from the Sun affects air temperature). Needed: table lamp, long ruler. Procedure: turn on the lamp, imagining that it is the Sun. Place your hand at a distance of 10 and 100 cm from the lamp. Determine where the temperature is higher. Children conclude: the farther from the lamp, the more the rays diverge to the sides and the less of them hit the object. This means it won't be able to get very hot.
You and I have learned from experience that the closer you are to the Sun, the higher the temperature. And the farther from the Sun, the lower the temperature. When we get acquainted with the planets, we will learn that the planets closest to the Sun are hot, and the ones farther away are cold.
How long have we been traveling! What a huge space! And all this is a completely empty void.
Part IV
Questions:
Is the sun a star or a planet?
How many planets are there in the solar system?
Why does a plane appear big in the sky?
Homework:
And so that you can better remember the structure of the solar system, I will give you these diagrams. Color them together with your parents at home, sign the names of the planets in block letters, and indicate their serial number.
Parting:
"We'll fly in space."
(Children take turns bending the fingers of one hand, starting with the little finger, helping with the index finger of the other hand)
1,2,3,4,5.
(Children rotate the brush, which is clenched into a fist)
We will fly in space.
(Children take turns extending their fingers, starting with the thumb)
1 – comet.
2 – planet.
3 – lunar rover.
4 – starship.
5 – earth, bye!
(Children wave goodbye)
Goodbye friends!
Preview:
Lesson 5
Theme: "Sun"
Software tasks.
- Continue the work of introducing children to the information accumulated by humanity on the path of understanding the world (about the Sun).
- Be able to correctly give answers and assumptions when analyzing problem situations during a conversation about the Sun.
- Introduce children to amazing facts about the Sun
- Enrich your vocabulary by introducing certain words into communication practice: star, eclipse, flare.
- Give information about myths and legends about the Sun.
Methods and techniques:
- Verbal:
a) issues of a problematic nature;
b) clarifications from the teacher in the form of short stories;
c) the teacher’s story.
- Practical: conduct an experiment on the topic “Solar Eclipse”.
Learn to show shadow theater figures
Craft - the sun in grains
- Visual:
a) use images of the sun, solar eclipse, ancient sun gods.
c) 2 balls and a table lamp for conducting the experiment.
Progress:
Introductory part:
What do you know about Sunny?
What color is it?
How does it benefit plants and animals?
How far is it from us?
Let's try to guess togethersolar secrets.
Ask your friends what color the Sun is. The answers will be something like this: yellow, orange. In reality it white!
Here we look at the Sun - and it seems that there is nothing brighter in the whole Universe. And we are wrong! Approximately15% of the stars in the galaxy are brighter than our Sun.
Most of us say that the Sun stands still and the planets revolve around it. This is true, but not entirely. The sun revolves around the center of the galaxy.
The sun, or rather hisultraviolet radiation- antiseptic . It kills microorganisms that cause various infections.
Surely such a phenomenon as eclipse , you know. Do you know that during the year there can be at least two of them. They are barely noticeable, but once every 200-300 years we can observe a total eclipse of the Sun.
Experience:
What you will need: two balls of different sizes, a flashlight.
Let the larger ball be our planet. Place this ball on the table. Place a smaller ball at a distance of 20 cm from the “Earth”. It will represent the Moon.
Now we need to show the sunlight. Let the flashlight play the role of the Sun. Shine the flashlight on the “Earth” from a distance of 60 cm. The “Moon” should be between the flashlight and the “Earth”.
Result
A dark spot will appear on the surface of the large ball. It will be lighter at the edges and darkest in the central part. If you look from the “Earth” side, then part of the flashlight will be covered by a smaller ball.
Explanation
During an eclipse, the Moon blocks the passage of the sun's rays. It casts a double shadow on the Earth. The dark middle part is called full shadow, the lighter edges of the spot are called penumbra.
Continuation of the story:
The sun is the most important object of the entire cosmic system. It is not a planet like our Earth. The Sun is a huge star of incredibly large sizes. To reach the same size, we will need to enlarge our planet a million times!
The entire cosmic system, in which our Earth is located, is called the Solar system. It received this name in honor of this great star, because the Sun occupies 98% of the total matter, and only 2% comes from other planets, cosmic dust, asteroids, comets and gas.
Have you, children, been interested in what name this giant star had before? The ancient Greeks called the Sun “Helios”, and in Ancient Rome this star was called “Salt”. The sun is known to all peoples of the world, and even small children are familiar with this name of the big star.
The sun has too high a heat temperature, so it is impossible to land astronauts on its surface. However, this star also has cooler regions called “sunspots.” Their temperature is somewhat lower than in other hot areas of the Sun, but these spots are also hot enough for humans.
To observe sunspots from our Earth, astronomers use special devices - telescopes with a protective filter, which helps protect their eyes from too bright sunlight.
Since the Sun is the largest star in the entire solar system, it is rightfully the most important cosmic object for all other planets, and our life completely depends on this grandiose and incredibly warm star, which gives life to all living beings on our planet.
Creation:
Sun. Cereal application.
Questions:
What is the Sun made of?
What causes a solar eclipse?
Is the sun the largest star in the universe?
What do sunspots mean?
Homework:
To help you better understand how shadows appear on objects, I am giving you examples of shadow theater figures. At home you need to learn how to show them.
Parting:
"We'll fly in space."
(Children take turns bending the fingers of one hand, starting with the little finger, helping with the index finger of the other hand)
1,2,3,4,5.
(Children rotate the brush, which is clenched into a fist)
We will fly in space.
(Children take turns extending their fingers, starting with the thumb)
1 – comet.
2 – planet.
3 – lunar rover.
4 – starship.
5 – earth, bye!
(Children wave goodbye)
Goodbye friends!
Preview:
Lesson 6
Topic: "Earth"
Goal: to introduce children to the peculiarities of our planet and the history of the study of the Earth.
Software tasks.
- Continue introducing children to interesting facts and information about the terrestrial planets and planet Earth.
- Be able to vividly and emotionally characterize planet Earth based on existing knowledge acquired earlier.
- Teach children to draw conclusions and conclusions based on the game “Rotating Earth”.
- Develop coherent monologue speech of children - (child's story).
- Practice counting planets in order.
Methods and techniques:
- Verbal:
a) an explanation showing “How do the seasons change on Earth?”
b) gaming – “Meeting with an alien”, “Name the time of year”.
- Practical:
a) experiment “Rotating Earth”;
b) Craft “Earth in cross-section”
- Visual:
a) tables of the solar system, the astronomical sign of the Earth, viewing a photograph of the Earth from space.
b) Toy Alien.
Progress:
Part I
(A globe is brought in.)
- Children, what is our planet like? (answers).
- That's right, our planet looks like a huge ball, it is round in shape. We have a small copy - a model of our Earth - this is a globe.
- Have people always known that the Earth is a huge ball? (No).
- How did people in ancient times imagine the Earth? (Children's stories, showing illustrations).
Imagine, children, what a miracle -
Land that looks like a dish!
On a flat plate - forest and mountains,
Plains, rivers and lakes.
Like a hard ceiling
The ground is covered with a cap.
During the day it is transparent, blue,
And the sun floats on it,
And at night - with the stars, the Moon
The dark sky is decorated.
Part II
Alien: “Listen to the message! Listen to the message! An interplanetary spacecraft has landed on your street. My name is Egi. I want to get to know your planet – Earth, so that I can tell the inhabitants of my planet from a distant galaxy about it.”
Shall we invite an alien to our class? Shall we tell him about our planet?
Part III
Egi: “I want to know why there is a change of day and night on Earth.”
"Rotating Earth" experiment.
Material: plasticine, thin pointed stick.
Progress: “What is our Earth like?” (per ball). The globe is constantly rotating. Let's make a model, making explanations (the ball is the globe, the stick is the axis of the Earth, which passes through the center of the ball, but in reality it is invisible). The teacher invites the children to spin the stick, holding it by the long end.
Conclusion: The Earth rotates around its axis. It makes a full revolution in a day (24 hours). As the planet rotates, it exposes first one side and then the other to the sun’s rays - on the illuminated half it is day, on the unilluminated half it is night.
Egi: “Thank you, children, I understand. How do the seasons change on Earth?” (teacher explanation with demonstration).
Now I will light the lamp - it will be the Sun. Our Earth is a globe. The Earth moves around the Sun in its orbit, sometimes approaching and sometimes moving away from it, because the Earth’s orbit is an oval shape. You and I know that the Earth's rotation axis is slightly inclined to the plane of the Earth's orbit. As the Earth moves around the Sun, the tilt of the Earth's axis does not change. Therefore, during the year, the Earth turns out to be inclined towards the Sun alternately, now with the north and now with the south poles. That part of the planet that faces the Sun receives more light and heat, so summer begins there. And on the hemisphere that is far from the Sun, winter comes.
- Why? (this part of the planet receives little light and heat).
- Let's play! I will put a little man on a model of the Earth and rotate the “Earth” around the “Sun”, and you tell me what time of year it is there. Where is the little man?
Teacher: Children, how many months does it take for the Earth to make its revolution around the Sun? (for 12). Name them (January,...). Right! The Earth makes a full revolution around the Sun in 12 months (365 days), which is an Earth year. How many seasons are there on Earth?
(That's right. Four seasons).
Egi: “Thank you! I was very interested to know why there is either summer or winter on Earth! Children! Now tell us about the features of your planet!”
Teacher: Hey! Astrological sign of our planet. The Earth is larger in size than Venus, but smaller than Uranus (show diagram). She has a satellite - the Moon. Astronauts called the Earth “Blue Planet” when they saw it from space. The water surface of rivers, seas and oceans appears blue. The atmosphere enveloping the Earth also has a bluish color. Earth is the only habitable planet we know of! Hey, we would really like to have a photograph of our planet from space.
Egi: “Thank you, earthlings! I learned so much about your beautiful planet! Take care of her! I want to give you a photograph of your “blue” planet from space.
Teacher: “Thank you, Egi!”
The teacher and children look at the photograph and note where the water, land and clouds are.
The Earth is dearer to us than all the planets!
After all, you and I live on it,
And we love its open spaces,
Its forests, seas and mountains.
Creation:
Model of the Earth made of plasticine. At the end, we cut it with dental floss and look at the Earth in cross-section.
Continuation of the story:
Teacher: Children, we know that planet Earth is part of the solar system. But there is also one special group of hers. It’s called the Earth Group. There are fourTerrestrial planetsin our solar system: Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. The Terrestrial planets of our solar system are also known as the inner planets because these planets are closest to the Sun.
According to the International Astronomical Union, a Terrestrial planet is a celestial body that:
- has few or no satellites;
- has a weak magnetic field;
- has a close orbit relative to another terrestrial planet;
- does not have a ring system.
Terrestrial planets also have changing landscapes, such as volcanoes, canyons, mountains and craters.
Another common feature among the terrestrial planets is that they have very few or no moons. Mercury and Venus have no satellites at all, while Earth has one, near Mars - two tiny satellites. In addition, the Terrestrial planets do not have planetary rings.
Questions:
What do they have in common?
What have you learned about Earth?
Homework:Next time I will tell you about people who fly into space, explore celestial bodies - about cosmonauts and astronauts. And so that Egi can not only tell the inhabitants of his planet about the Earth, but also show it, I suggest you draw pictures about the Earth at home.
Preview:
Lesson 7
Topic: "Moon".
Software tasks:
- Continue work to familiarize children with the information accumulated by humanity on the path of understanding the world (about the Moon).
- Be able to correctly give answers and assumptions when analyzing problem situations during a conversation about the Moon.
- Introduce children to amazing facts about the Moon
- Enrich your vocabulary by introducing certain words into communication practice: satellite, atmosphere, craters.
Methodical techniques:
- Verbal:
a) problematic issues;
b) clarifying questions;
c) the teacher’s story;
d) homework: learn about the phases of the moon.
- Practical:.
Atmosphere layout
Experience with flour
Experience with sunbeams
Craft from salt dough “Moon”
- Visual: star map.
Projector starry sky
Progress:
Greetings:
The lights dim and everyone sits in a circle. We begin the countdown: 5,4,3,2,1 start - we jump up and sit down in our seats.
What have you learned about Earth?
Why does day and night change?
Why do the seasons change?
Which planets are included in the Terrestrial group?
What do they have in common?
Introductory part, transfer of new knowledge:
Guys, tell me, what do you do when you don’t want to get caught in the rain outside? How do you escape the very intense heat in the summer? And if at home, in your crib you suddenly feel cold, what will you do?
Try to solve the riddle:
Do you have a blanket, children?
So that the whole Earth is covered?
So that there is enough for everyone,
And besides, it wasn’t visible?
Neither fold nor unfold,
Neither touch nor look?
It would let in rain and light,
Yes, but it seems not?
Questions:
- Why does the Earth need such a blanket? What does she need to escape from?
- What is this protective shell called?
- Do all celestial bodies have it?
Our entire planet is shrouded in a dense layer of air. This layer is called the Earth's atmosphere. The closer the air is to the surface, the denser it is. Rising higher, you can feel how the density of the air decreases, it becomes rarefied. And where the atmosphere ends and space begins, there is airless space.
Without an atmosphere there would be no life on Earth, because living beings would have nothing to breathe. The air shell protects the Earth from the scorching heat of the sun and cosmic cold.
If the Earth were not covered with an air shell, humanity would suffer from celestial projectiles - meteorites. Before falling to the ground, meteorites collide with layers of the atmosphere, their flight slows down, they heat up and burn without causing harm to earthlings.
Creation:
We make a mock-up of the atmosphere. Children are given strips of paper in different shades of blue (from light to dark) with the names of the layers of the atmosphere printed on them:troposphere (6-18km), stratosphere (50km), mesosphere (50-85km), pocket (85-100km), thermosphere (100-690km), exosphere (above 690km)
Paste it onto a piece of paper in a certain order from bottom to top, following the teacher’s explanation:
Troposphere (6-18 km): Clouds arise here and fogs form. This is the “weather kitchen”. Draw clouds and an airplane.
Stratosphere (50km): Ozone is the vital gas found here.
Mesosphere (50-85 km): Here meteors burn up before reaching the Earth (fragments of comets, asteroids). Let's draw a comet.
A pocket is a conventional boundary between the Earth’s atmosphere and space (85-100 km)
Thermosphere (100-690 km): Auroras occur here and spacecraft fly. Drawing a rocket
And welcome to the exosphere, which is located above 690 km. Let's draw stars.
Finger gymnastics “Cosmos”
We are the space squad
Five very friendly guys
- - Gagarin
- - Titov
- - Leonov
- - Komarov
- - a woman, not a man
Tereshkova Valentina
Teacher's story
So you and I went beyond the atmosphere and found ourselves in outer space. Which celestial body is closest to Earth?
Not only people, but also, apparently, planets “dream” of having a reliable satellite. Planet Earth is very lucky in this sense: it has a natural satellite - the Moon, which is 4 times smaller than our planet and revolves around the Earth just as the Earth itself revolves around the Sun. A satellite is a body that revolves around another larger body and is held by its gravitational force. The Moon makes a full revolution around our planet in 27 days, but only one side of it is always visible from Earth.
Guys, do you think the moon has an atmosphere? Let's do an experiment.
Experience "Moon"
Pebbles are thrown into a bowl of flour. We see that dents remain on the surface. These are craters. We conclude that the Moon has no atmosphere.
Physical education lesson “Cosmonauts”
Continuation of the conversation:
Let's remember which celestial bodies can shine on their own, what are they called? (stars). But the Moon can illuminate the Earth, what do you think? Can we see at night? (Yes). Does this mean the Moon is a star? (No). Let's do another experiment.
Experiment with a mirror.
Having turned on the lamp (sun), we try to send out a sunbeam using a mirror. We conclude that the moon reflects the light of the sun.
Creation:
Making the moon from salt dough
Questions about the lesson:
What is a satellite?
Do you want to learn something new and interesting about the science of astronomy?
Homework:
Find out why we see the moon in different sizes.
Parting:
"We'll fly in space."
(Children take turns bending the fingers of one hand, starting with the little finger, helping with the index finger of the other hand)
Methodical techniques:
- Verbal:
a) problematic issues;
b) clarifying questions;
c) the teacher’s story;
d) homework: learn riddles about astronauts.
- Practical:.
Filling the sensory box (at each lesson)
Application "Rocket"
"Complete the astronaut"
- Visual: star map.
Projector starry sky
Progress:
Greetings:
The lights dim and everyone sits in a circle. We begin the countdown: 5,4,3,2,1 start - we jump up and sit down in our seats.
Questions to review the material:
What is atmosphere? Why is it needed?
Do all cosmic bodies have an atmosphere?
What is a satellite?
What are craters? Where do they come from? Why is it not on Earth?
Introductory part, transfer of new knowledge:
It is difficult to find an adult who did not dream of going to space as a child. How many of you would like to go into space? Many people dream of becoming astronauts. However, despite such popularity, this profession remains one of the rarest in the world due to the highest requirements for each candidate. That is why you need to know what requirements are imposed on a future space pilot, because you need to start working on yourself in childhood.
Questions:
- How do you think? Can you fly into space right now?
- What should a future astronaut be able to do and know?
- What should an astronaut take with him?
Creation:
“Complete and color the astronaut” Children are given coloring books with unfinished elements. As the teacher tells the story, the children complete the drawings.
Teacher's story
In order to get into space, a person needs a spaceship. But if you need to leave the ship into open space, you need powerful protection, a spacesuit. This is a special suit that protects the astronaut from very high and very low temperatures, space debris, and harmful sun rays. On the surface of the Earth, the atmosphere protects us from this, but in open space it is the spacesuit that plays the role of the same protective shell. Even one small puncture in a spacesuit can lead to death, because air will escape through it, without which a person will not be able to breathe. In addition, the astronaut's spacesuit must be connected to the ship by a cable, otherwise he will not be able to return back.
INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT THE SUIT?
The outer layer of the spacesuit and the transparent plastic helmet protect against harmful solar radiation and cosmic dust particles.
Oxygen circulates inside the helmet, which prevents the plastic from fogging.
Tubes with water run through the soft inner layer of the spacesuit to cool or warm the astronaut's body.
The backpack on the back contains a supply of oxygen for the astronaut to breathe. Oxygen comes from a cylinder; its supply is enough for 7 hours.
Finger gymnastics “Cosmos”
We are the space squad
Five very friendly guys
- - Gagarin
- - Titov
- - Leonov
- - Komarov
- - a woman, not a man
Tereshkova Valentina
Continuation of the conversation:
So, if the astronaut profession is your firm choice, you must first of all carefully monitor your physical condition. Good, almost perfect health is the main requirement for a future candidate. You should not have any chronic diseases or bad habits. In addition, you must have perfect vision. An astronaut’s health must also be excellent because you won’t find a hospital in space. That is why future pilots must master the basics of medical care in various situations. In addition, the future astronaut must be able to remain calm and not give in to panic in any situation. Also, he should not be subject to bouts of melancholy. After all, not everyone can stay so far from home for an indefinite period of time.
Physical education lesson “Cosmonauts”
Gymnastics for the eyes:
We do eye exercises and watch the rockets on the screen.
Continuation of the conversation:
What do astronauts use to fly into space? Let's do an experiment to understand how a rocket can fly.
Balloon experience:
Inflate the balloon and pinch the hole with your fingers. And then unclench your fingers and your ball will suddenly burst upward. This happens because air escapes from the balloon. And when the air runs out, the ball will fall. Our ball flew like a rocket - it moved forward as long as there was air in it.
This is roughly the same principle that a rocket flies into space. Only instead of air it has fuel. When burning, the fuel turns into gas and bursts back into flame.
A rocket is made of several parts called stages, and each stage has its own fuel tank.
The first stage runs out of fuel - it falls away and the second stage engine immediately turns on and carries the rocket even faster and even higher. So only the third stage - the smallest and lightest - reaches space. It launches the cabin with the astronaut into orbit.
Creation:
Application of geometric shapes “Rocket”
Questions about the lesson:
Who are astronauts?
What does it take to become an astronaut?
Why do you need a spacesuit?
How does a rocket fly?
Do you want to learn something new and interesting about the science of astronomy?
Homework:
Learn riddles about astronauts and don’t forget to do exercises every day.
Parting:
"We'll fly in space."
(Children take turns bending the fingers of one hand, starting with the little finger, helping with the index finger of the other hand)
1,2,3,4,5.
(Children rotate the brush, which is clenched into a fist)
We will fly in space.
(Children take turns extending their fingers, starting with the thumb)
1 – comet.
2 – planet.
3 – lunar rover.
4 – starship.
5 – earth, bye!
(Children wave goodbye)
Goodbye friends!